The Path to Bottling
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The Wine Proteins: Origin, Characteristics and Functionality Andrea Curioni
The wine proteins: origin, characteristics and functionality Andrea Curioni Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Agrarie Centro interdipartimentale per la Ricerca in Viticoltura ed Enologia (CIRVE) Università di Padova 1 The CIRVE campus in Conegliano 2 Protein Structure / Functionality Aminoacid sequence Protein Protein structure • Size • Charge • Hydrophobicity Proprieties Functionality Environment Detectable • pH • Solvent effects • Ionic strength • Temperature • Etc. 3 Proteins in wine Implications in wine –Hazing of white wines (negative) –“Mouthfeel” and aroma –Foam volume and stability The wine proteins Tarragona 2011 4 Protein Haze in wine Serious quality defect Prevention: Protein removal by bentonite treatments Bottled wine Flocculation Coagulation Precipitation Bentonite Other methods? several drawbacks: • Loss of aroma Knowledge is • Cost needed • Waste • ….. The wine proteins Tarragona 2011 5 Wine Proteins: Origin Where do the wine proteins came from? The wine proteins Tarragona 2011 6 Wine Proteins: Origin • The wine proteins derive from Grape (mainly): involved in wine hazing Microorganisms The wine proteins Tarragona 2011 7 Grape Proteins • Accumulate after veraison – with sugars • Low quantity – ≈ hundreds mg/Kg • heterogeneous - > 300 components • Few main components Pocock et al. (2000) JAFC 48, 1637 The wine proteins Tarragona 2011 8 The Grape Proteins similar in all the varieties Sarry et al., 2004 Proteomics, 4, 201 pH The wine proteins Tarragona 2011 9 Grape Proteins: Identification by MS PR-proteins Sarry et al., 2004 Proteomics, 4, 201 10 The wine proteins Tarragona 2011 Grape Proteins: the main components Pathogenesis related (PR)-Proteins – THAUMATIN-LIKE PROTEINS (TLP, PR 5) • ≈ 24 kDa – CHITINASES (PR 3) • ≈ 30 kDa – Osmotins – Beta-(1,3)-glucanases The wine proteins Tarragona 201111 Thaumatin-like Proteins (TLP) • Antifungal activity • Expressed mainly in the berry • Several types – main: VvTL1 (constitutive) – minor : VvTL2 (less present in healthy grapes), . -
The Role and Use of Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts in Wine Production
The Role and Use of Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts in Wine Production N.P. Jolly1*, O.P.H. Augustyn1 and I.S. Pretorius2** (1) ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij***, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa. (2) Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture & Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland (Stellenbosch), South Africa. Submitted for publication: September 2005 Accepted for publication: April 2006 Key words: Non-Saccharomyces, yeasts, vineyards, cellars, fermentation, wine. The contribution by the numerous grape-must-associated non-Saccharomyces yeasts to wine fermentation has been debated extensively. These yeasts, naturally present in all wine fermentations, are metabolically active and their metabolites can impact on wine quality. Although often seen as a source of microbial spoilage, there is substantial contrary evidence pointing to a positive contribution by these yeasts. The role of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in wine fermentation is therefore receiving increasing attention by wine microbiologists in Old and New World wine producing countries. Species that have been investigated for wine production thus far include those from the Candida, Kloeckera, Hanseniaspora, Zygosaccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Torulaspora, Brettanomyces, Saccharomycodes, Pichia and Williopsis genera. In this review the use and role of non-Saccharomyces yeast in wine production is presented and research trends are discussed. INTRODUCTION roles of the numerous non-Saccharomyces yeasts normally asso- ciated with grape must and wine. These yeasts, naturally present Wine is the product of a complex biological and biochemical in all wine fermentations to a greater or lesser extent, are meta- interaction between grapes (grape juice) and different microor- bolically active and their metabolites can impact on wine quality. -
The Path to Bottling
The Path to Bottling www.laffort.com YOUR ACCESS TO 120 YEARS OF WINEMAKING INNOVATION Save it in your favourites now for 24/7 access to ! PRODUCT INFORMATION SHEETS QUALITY DOCUMENTS ( HACCP & ISO ) PRODUCT SAFETY SHEETS RESEARCH PAPERS DECISION MAKING TOOLS CATALOGUE DOWNLOADS PERSONALISED NUTRITION PUBLISHED ARTICLES CALCULATOR CERTIFICATES OF ANALYSIS ORGANIC CERTIFICATIONS TRAINING VIDEOS LAFFORT® PLANT BASED INNOVATIONS LAFFORT® unrivalled technical resources is delivering the most scientifically advanced oenological solutions from plant derived products. VEGAN FRIENDLY & ORGANIC THEY’RE NOT JUST OPTIONS THEY’RE SUPERIOR SOLUTIONS These symbols are a guide to your LAFFORT® products properties. GANI TAL OR LERGE OR C E IG L N G I A E N V A L E L E S E R UIT ABLE RGEN F F R E E Organic certification bodies have different criteria for certification and products may differ from one certification body to another. Please contact your certifying agent to confirm a products organic certification. PROTECTING YOUR WHITE WINE MANAGEMENT WHITE WINE PROTECTING YOUR WHITE WINE - A TRADITIONAL APPROACH White wines are vulnerable to oxidation and microbial changes post alcoholic fermentation. Microbial and anti-oxidative control of white wines is a first step to getting wines ready for bottling and/or storage. Threats of oxygen on finished white wines; • Proliferation of acetic acid bacteria. • Proliferation of Brettanomyces bruxellensis. • Browning caused by the oxidation of hydroxycinnamic acids and key phenolic acids. • Oxidation of aroma producing thiols rendering them non volatile. To prevent the oxidation of these phenolic compounds, an anti-oxidative mechanism needs to be put in place. -
Estudio Químico-Sensorial De La Composición No Volátil De Los Vinos
TESIS DOCTORAL Título Estudio químico-sensorial de la composición no volátil de los vinos. Influencia de técnicas de aclareo en el perfil fenólico y organoléptico de los vinos Autor/es Ana Gonzalo Diago Director/es Purificación Fernández Zurbano y Marta María Inés Dizy Soto Facultad Facultad de Ciencias, Estudios Agroalimentarios e Informática Titulación Departamento Química Curso Académico 2013-2014 Estudio químico-sensorial de la composición no volátil de los vinos. Influencia de técnicas de aclareo en el perfil fenólico y organoléptico de los vinos, tesis doctoral de Ana Gonzalo Diago, dirigida por Purificación Fernández Zurbano y Marta María Inés Dizy Soto (publicada por la Universidad de La Rioja), se difunde bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 Unported. Permisos que vayan más allá de lo cubierto por esta licencia pueden solicitarse a los titulares del copyright. © El autor © Universidad de La Rioja, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2014 publicaciones.unirioja.es E-mail: [email protected] DEPARTAMENTO DE QUÍMICA UNIVERSIDAD DE LA RIOJA ÁREA DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA Estudio químico-sensorial de la composición no volátil de los vinos. Influencia de técnicas de aclareo en el perfil fenólico y organoléptico de los vinos. Memoria presentada por ANA GONZALO DIAGO para optar al grado de Doctor con Mención de Doctor Internacional Mayo 2014 Dirigida por los profesores Dra. Purificación FERNÁNDEZ ZURBANO Dra. Marta DIZY SOTO INFORME DIRECTORES PRESENTACIÓN TESIS DOCTORAL Dña. Purificación FERNÁNDEZ ZURBANO, Profesora Titular del Departamento de Química, Área Química Analítica, de la Universidad de La Rioja y Dña. Marta DIZY SOTO, Profesora Titular del Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, de la Universidad de La Rioja CERTIFICAN Que la presente memoria, titulada “Estudio químico-sensorial de la composición no volátil de los vinos. -
Science Sixtyfourth64 National Conference a Platform for Progress
science sixtyfourth64 national conference a platform for progress 64th ASEV National Conference June 24–28, 2013 Portola Hotel and Monterey Conference Center Monterey, California USA TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS american society for enology and viticulture 2013 National Conference Technical Abstracts Oral Presentation Abstracts Wednesday, June 26 Enology — Flavor/Analysis ....................................................................59–62 Viticulture — Rootstocks .......................................................................63–66 Enology — Micro/Molecular Biology ....................................................67–70 Viticulture — Pests & Diseases ..............................................................71–74 Enology — Sensory/Sensory Impacts .....................................................75–78 Viticulture — Environmental Impacts ..................................................79–82 Enology — Flavor: Impact of Yeast and Bacteria ....................................83–86 Viticulture — General ...........................................................................87–90 Thursday, June 27 Enology — Wine Stability and Oxidation ..............................................91–93 Viticulture — Cultural Practices ............................................................94–96 Enology — Tannins (Part I) .................................................................97–100 Viticulture — Water Relations ...........................................................101–105 Enology — Tannins (Part II) ..............................................................106–108 -
Documentation Austrian Wine 2006
DOCUMENTATION AUSTRIAN W INE 2006 Table of contents 1 Austria œ the wine country 1.1 Austria‘s wine-gr wing regi ns and wine-gr wing areas 1 1.2 Grape varieties in Austria 5 1.2.1 Breakd wn by share of area in percent 5 1.2.2 Grape varieties - Brief descripti n .1 1.2.. Devel pment f the area under cultivati n until 1111 .5 1.. Devel pment of the climate 1161-2002 .6 1.2 W ine-gr wers in Austria - A current overall view .1 1.5 The 2006 harvest 22 1.6 The 2005 vintage 25 1.3 Brief characterisati n of the vintages 2002 back t 1160 23 1.8 Assessment of the 2005-111. vintages 55 2 The Austrian wine industry 2.1 Ec n mic imp rtance of the wine industry in Austria 56 2.2 The harvest 2006 (Status Oct ber 20066 51 2.. 7arvests 1160-2005 61 2.2 8ualit9tswein (8uality wine6 in Austria 2005 65 2.5 Austria‘s wine supply 2005 68 2.6 Devel pment f grape and wine prices 31 2.3 General regulati ns f r wine pr ducti n 32 2.8 EU-Measures f r the Restructuring and C nversi n of Vineyards 32 2.1 The Austrian W ine B ards 80 2.10 The :alue f Origin 8. 2.11 DAC: the l gical key t Austrian wine 82 2.12 8uesti ns and Answers - a Guide 86 3 The Austrian market ..1 C nsumpti n of D mestic Wine and Sparkling W ine 81 ..1.1 C nsumpti n of D mestic Wine 81 ..1.2 D mestic C nsumpti n f Sparkling Wine 1110-2005 10 ..1. -
Contribution À L'étude Des Protéines Des Moûts Et Des Vins De
UNIVERSITE DE REIMS CHAMPAGNE-ARDENNE U.F.R. DES SCIENCES EXACTES & NATURELLES Laboratoire d'Oenologie et de Chimie Appliquée THESE Présentée par Thierry DAMBROUCK En vue de l'obtention du grade de Docteur d'Université Spécialité : Biologie et Biochimie Appliquée Option : Oenologie Contribution à l'étude des protéines des moûts et des vins de Champagne Détermination de leur origine Etude d'une glycoprotéine majeure, l'invertase de raisin Soutenue publiquement le 18 octobre 2004 devant la commission d'examen Rapporteurs : M. B. DONÈCHE Professeur- Faculté d'Snologie de Bordeaux II M. M. MOUTOUNET Dir. Recherches - INRA de Montpellier Examinateurs : M. C. FLAHAUT Maître de Conférences, Lens M. P. JEANDET Professeur, Reims, Directeur de thèse M. R. MARCHAL Maître de Conférences, Reims, Co-Directeur de thèse M. B. ROBILLARD Docteur, Chef de Projet Moët et Chandon, Epernay M. J.-P. ZANETTA Dir. Recherches, CNRS Lille-1, Co-Directeur de thèse UNIVERSITE DE REIMS CHAMPAGNE-ARDENNE U.F.R. DES SCIENCES EXACTES & NATURELLES Laboratoire d'Oenologie et de Chimie Appliquée THESE présentée par Thierry DAMBROUCK En vue de l'obtention du grade de Docteur d'Université Spécialité : Biologie et Biochimie Appliquée Option : Oenologie Contribution à l'étude des protéines des moûts et des vins de Champagne Détermination de leur origine Etude d'une glycoprotéine majeure, l'invertase de raisin Soutenue publiquement le 18 octobre 2004 devant la commission d'examen Rapporteurs : M. B. DONECHE Professeur - Faculté d'oenologie de Bordeaux II M. M. MOUTOUNET Dir. Recherches - INRA de Montpellier Examinateurs : M. C. FLARAUT Maître de Conférences, Lens M. P. JEANDET Professeur, Reims, Directeur de thèse M. -
The Allergic Potential Arising from Proteinous Wine Fining Agents of Milk and Chicken Egg Albumen
JUSTUS-LIEBIG UNIVERSITY GIESSEN AND HOCHSCHULE GEISENHEIM UNIVERSITY THE ALLERGIC POTENTIAL ARISING FROM PROTEINOUS WINE FINING AGENTS OF MILK AND CHICKEN EGG ALBUMEN by MANUELLA WEBBER WITT M.Sc. Montpellier SupAgro, 2009 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Dr. agr. 2014 THE ALLERGIC POTENTIAL ARISING FROM PROTEINOUS WINE FINING AGENTS OF MILK AND CHICKEN EGG ALBUMEN Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Dr. agr. 2014 First reviewer Prof Dr. Christmann Hochschule Geisenheim University (Professor for Œnology) Second reviewer Prof. Dr. Schnell Justus Liebig University of Giessen (Professor for General and Soil Microbiology) Declaration “I declare that the dissertation here submitted is entirely my own work, written without any illegitimate help by any third party and solely with materials as indicated in the dissertation. I have indicated in the text where I have used texts from already published sources, either word for word or in substance, and where I have made statements based on oral information given to me. At all times during the investigations carried out by me and described in the dissertation, I have followed the principles of good scientific practice as defined in the “Statutes of the Justus Liebig University Gießen for the Safeguarding of Good Scientific Practice” The 20th of March, 2014 Manuella Webber-Witt Note of thanks I met Prof. Dr. Monika Christmann in 2005 in Brazil. We had a friendly talk and it was the beginning of a long friendship and journey in my life. For all these years and for her patience I would like to thank Frau Christmann. -
Protein Stabilization of Wine
PROTEIN STABILISATION OF WINE Presented as a Thesis for the Degree of Master of Science (Food Technology) of The University of New South Wales by Paul Joseph Tyson Submitted: June 1982 DECLARATION The candidate Paul Joseph Tyson, hereby declares that none of the work presented in this thesis has been submitted to any other University or Institutio~Jo\:ee. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many people to whom my sincere gratitude and appreciation is owed without whose help this study could not have been completed. I particularly would like to thank Dr. T.H.Lee, associate professor, School of Food Technology, University of New South Wales, for his willing assistance and advice during the course of this study and for his valuable suggestions and editing during the preparation of this thesis. I am indebted to Waters Associates for the loan of the HPLC system, the use of their laboratory facilities and to their staff for their willing assistance. I particularly want to thank Mr Roy Day, and Mr Brian Walker. I would like to thank Mcwilliams Wines Pty Ltd, for allowing me the time, opportunity and the use of the Yenda Research Laboratory, for this project. I particularly want to thank Mr Doug Mcwilliam for his assistance at Yenda. I owe a great deal of thanks to my parents for their support and encouragement during this project. I would also like to thank Mrs G.Dias and Mrs C.Petroulakis for their expert typing of this thesis and Mr.David Duckworth for his exce1lent draughting of the figures. - ii - SUMMARY Soluble protein is generally considered to be responsible for the formation of amorphous type clouds and deposits in wine. -
Heat Unstable Wine Proteins and Their Interactions with Wine Polysaccharides
WÂll tr ,rr.$fTTtlS 2$. ;t- ay LIB&'$.KT tct tr.{il HEAT UNSTABLE WINE PROTEINS AND THEIR INTERACTIONS WITH WINE POLYSACCHARIDES by Elizabeth Joy Waters, BSc A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Plant Science The [Jniversity of Adelaide The Australian Wine Research Institute July I99L 1 Declaration I hereby declare that ttris thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the awa¡d of any other degree or diploma at any university. To the best of my knowledge and belief, no material described herein has been previously published or written by any other person except when due reference is made in the æxt. If accepæd for the awa¡d of Doctor of Philosophy, this thesis wilt be available for loan or photocopy Elizabeth Joy Waters ü Abstract Unstable grape juice and wine proteins can cause cloudiness or deposits in wine after bottling resulting in adverse effects on consumer acceptance. This is of concern to white wine producers and frning with bentonite to remove protein is an established winery practice. However, such methods are inconvenient, non-specific and can result in extensive flavour loss. In this study, proteins responsible for hazp, have been isolated and characterized, and their interaction with wine polysaccharides has been explored. An examination of the use of peptidases to remove such proæins was also undertaken. To get a reliable estimate of the concentration of grapo juice and wine proteins it was necessary to determine their amino acid composition. The commonly used Bradford dye- binding assay grossly underestimates the protein concentration by 50 to 807o and in addition, grape and wine phenolic compounds were found to strongly interfere. -
Heat-Unstable Proteins in Wine. I. Characterization and Removal by Bentonite Fining and Heat Treatment JUINN-CHIN HSU ~ and DAVID A
Heat-Unstable Proteins in Wine. I. Characterization and Removal by Bentonite Fining and Heat Treatment JUINN-CHIN HSU ~ and DAVID A. HEATHERBELL 2 The effect of bentonite fining on the total proteins and the heat-unstable (80°C, 6 h; 4°C, 12 h) proteins in GewLirztraminer, White Riesling, Sauvignon blanc, and Sylvaner wines was investigated. Protein molecular weights (MW), isoelectric points (pl), and glycoproteins were determined by using lithium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (LDS PAGE) and two-dimensional isoelectric focusing-lithium dodecyl sulfate (IF-LDS) electrophoretic techniques with silver staining as well as protein blotting for glycoprotein detection. Rel- ative concentrations of proteins in stained gels were determined by laser scanning densitometry. Bentonite fining tends to remove the higher pl (5.8- 8.0) and intermediate MW (32 000- 45 000) protein fractions first. How- ever, these represent only a small proportion of the soluble proteins. In general, it is necessary to remove the lower pl (4.1 - 5.8), lower MW (12 600 and 20 000- 30 000) fractions, which contain glycoproteins and represent the major component of the proteins, to protein stabilize wines to heat testing. Protein fractions with MW of 60 000 to 65 000 and having a wide range of pl (4.1 - 8.0) were highly resistant to removal by bentonite fining and remained in protein-stabilized wine. In addition, trace amounts of fractions with MW of 28 000 may remain in GewiJrztraminer and White Riesling wines and 25 000 in Sauvignon blanc wines. Unstable proteins precipitated by heat tests were recovered and analyzed. -
The Role and Use of Non-Saccharomycesyeasts in Wine
The Role and Use of Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts in Wine Production N.P. Jolly1*, O.P.H. Augustyn1 and I.S. Pretorius2** (1) ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij***, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa. (2) Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture & Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland (Stellenbosch), South Africa. Submitted for publication: September 2005 Accepted for publication: April 2006 Key words: Non-Saccharomyces, yeasts, vineyards, cellars, fermentation, wine. The contribution by the numerous grape-must-associated non-Saccharomyces yeasts to wine fermentation has been debated extensively. These yeasts, naturally present in all wine fermentations, are metabolically active and their metabolites can impact on wine quality. Although often seen as a source of microbial spoilage, there is substantial contrary evidence pointing to a positive contribution by these yeasts. The role of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in wine fermentation is therefore receiving increasing attention by wine microbiologists in Old and New World wine producing countries. Species that have been investigated for wine production thus far include those from the Candida, Kloeckera, Hanseniaspora, Zygosaccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Torulaspora, Brettanomyces, Saccharomycodes, Pichia and Williopsis genera. In this review the use and role of non-Saccharomyces yeast in wine production is presented and research trends are discussed. INTRODUCTION roles of the numerous non-Saccharomyces yeasts normally asso- ciated with grape must and wine. These yeasts, naturally present Wine is the product of a complex biological and biochemical in all wine fermentations to a greater or lesser extent, are meta- interaction between grapes (grape juice) and different microor- bolically active and their metabolites can impact on wine quality.