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Tidal Wetland Prioritization for the Necanicum River Estuary

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Tidal Wetland Prioritization for the Necanicum River Estuary Tidal Wetland Prioritization for the Necanicum River Estuary Emergent, shrub and forested tidal wetlands, looking south from Avenue S bridge over Neawanna Creek, September 2009. Photo by Laura Brophy. June 2012 Prepared for: North Coast Land Conservancy Seaside, Oregon Prepared by: Laura Brophy Green Point Consulting Estuary Technical Group Corvallis, Oregon Institute for Applied Ecology [email protected] Corvallis, Oregon (541) 752-7671 [email protected] www.GreenPointConsulting.com www.appliedeco.org/estuary This project was funded by the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board. (this page intentionally left blank) Tidal Wetland Prioritization for the Necanicum River Estuary P. 2 of 96, June 2012 Tidal Wetland Prioritization for the Necanicum River estuary This project was a joint endeavor of Green Point Consulting and the Estuary Technical Group of the Institute for Applied Ecology. The mission of the Estuary Technical Group is to restore estuarine habitats, improve estuarine restoration results, and advance the understanding of estuarine ecosystems through cost-effective application of the best available science. The mission of the Institute for Applied Ecology is to conserve native ecosystems through restoration, research and education. Acknowledgments We greatly appreciate the dedicated participation of the staff of the North Coast Land Conservancy throughout this project. We are grateful for the information generously shared by Tom Horning (Horning Geoscience) regarding local geology and landforms, and by Neal Maine on estuary history and community perspective. Thanks are due to Neal Wallace of the City of Seaside for information on area history and culvert locations, and to April Cameron and other staff of the Columbia River Estuary Study Taskforce for survey of water level logger elevations. Recommended citation: Brophy, L.S. 2012. Tidal Wetland Prioritization for the Necanicum River Estuary. Prepared for the North Coast Land Conservancy, Seaside, Oregon. Green Point Consulting, Corvallis, Oregon. Tidal Wetland Prioritization for the Necanicum River Estuary P. 3 of 96, June 2012 Abbreviations CREST Columbia River Estuary Study Taskforce CSC Coastal Services Center DEM Digital Elevation Model DLCD Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development DSL Oregon Department of State Lands GeoTIFF Georeferenced Tagged Image File Format (e.g., computerized aerial photographs) GIS Geographic Information Systems (computerized mapping) GPS Global Positioning System HGM Hydrogeomorphic (as in, the HGM method for wetland functional assessment) HMT Highest measured tide (also called “highest observed water level”) LiDAR Light Detection And Ranging (a remote sensing technology) LMZ Landward migration zone (for tidal wetlands) LWI Local Wetland Inventory NAIP National Agricultural Imagery Program NAVD88 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (an elevation reference system) NCLC North Coast Land Conservancy NGVD29 National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (an elevation reference system) NOAA National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration NRCS Natural Resource Conservation Service NWI National Wetland Inventory ODA Oregon Department of Agriculture ODFW Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife ORBIC Oregon Biodiversity Information Center ORWAP Oregon Rapid Wetland Assessment Protocol OWEB Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board PDF Portable Document Format US-EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service USGS U.S. Geological Survey Tidal Wetland Prioritization for the Necanicum River Estuary P. 4 of 96, June 2012 Table of Contents Study overview ............................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Project goals and approach ......................................................................................................... 7 Study area and tidal wetland classes included ............................................................................ 9 Definition of tidal wetlands ........................................................................................................ 9 Summary of results ................................................................................................................... 10 Products..................................................................................................................................... 12 Background information ............................................................................................................... 12 Classification of the Necanicum River estuary ......................................................................... 12 General locations of tidal wetlands in the Necanicum.............................................................. 13 Tidal wetland functions............................................................................................................. 13 Human uses ............................................................................................................................... 14 Estuary alterations ..................................................................................................................... 15 Restoration: Removing alterations and restoring natural processes ......................................... 18 Methods......................................................................................................................................... 18 Information sources .................................................................................................................. 18 Extent of tidal influence ............................................................................................................ 21 Site definition ............................................................................................................................ 23 Prioritization method ................................................................................................................ 24 Restoration sites vs. conservation sites and joint prioritization ................................................ 24 Prioritization criteria ................................................................................................................. 25 Scoring method ......................................................................................................................... 31 Landward migration zone mapping .......................................................................................... 31 Land ownership ......................................................................................................................... 32 Land-use planning and zoning .................................................................................................. 33 Results and discussion .................................................................................................................. 33 Prioritized sites.......................................................................................................................... 34 Lower-priority sites are important, too ..................................................................................... 35 Total historic tidal wetland area ................................................................................................ 35 Alterations to tidal wetlands ..................................................................................................... 35 Water level data ........................................................................................................................ 38 Landward migration zones ........................................................................................................ 39 Land ownership ......................................................................................................................... 40 Land use planning ..................................................................................................................... 41 Data limitations ......................................................................................................................... 43 Restoration recommendations ................................................................................................... 43 Cultural resources ..................................................................................................................... 44 Invasive species ........................................................................................................................ 45 Site narratives............................................................................................................................ 46 Circle Creek wetlands ............................................................................................................... 50 Intended uses and limitations of mapping .................................................................................... 51 Literature cited .............................................................................................................................. 52 Appendix 1. Maps ......................................................................................................................... 60 Appendix 2. Ranking tables .........................................................................................................
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