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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-11174-5 - Anzac Battlefield: A Gallipoli Landscape of War and Memory Edited by Antonio Sagona, Mithat Atabay, C.J. Mackie, Ian McGibbon and Richard Reid Index More information

Index

Note: (AE) = Australian Engineers; (MEF) = Mediterranean 9th Australian Battalion 24 , 132 , 147 Expeditionary Force; (O) = Ottoman 9th Division (O) 52 , 139 , 146 , 234 10th Australian Battalion 42 , 126 , 128 , 202 First Army Corps (O) 37 11th Australian Battalion 38 , 42 , 115 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 1st Australian Division 42 129 – 30 , 143 1st Australian Battalion 203 12th Australian Battalion 129 1st Australian Brigade 40 – 2 13th Regiment, 5th Division (O) 149 1st Battalion, 27th Regiment (O) 52 – 3 , 145 – 6 14th Regiment, 5th Division (O) 148 , 149 , 154 , 156 1st Battalion, 47th Regiment (O) 156 Fifteenth Army Corps (O) 149 1st Battalion, 64th Regiment (O) 148 16th Australian Battalion 110 1st Field Company (AE) 203 – 5 16th Division (O) 149 , 155 , 158 1st Field Company, NZ Engineers 104 – 9 , 119 18th Regiment, 19th Division 158 1st Platoon, 4th Squad, 2nd Battalion, 27th Rgt (O) 142 , 19th Division (O) 17 , 52 – 3 , 139 , 146 – 7 , 149 , 156 , 234 144 23rd Australian Battalion 205 1st Squad, 2nd Battalion, 27th Rgt (O) 142 24th Australian Battalion 205 Second Army Corps (O) 49 26th Australian Battalion 76 2 Wing (RNAS) 71 27th Regiment, 19th Division (O) 27 , 52 – 3 , 139 , 140 – 1 , 2nd Australian Brigade 37 , 205 144 , 145 , 147 , 153 – 4 , 157 2nd Australian Division 75 , 116 29th Division (MEF) 26 2nd Australian Light Horse Brigade 133 57th Regiment, 19th Division (O) 52 – 3 , 146 , 147 , 149 , 2nd Battalion, 27th Regiment (O) 24 , 53 , 140 , 141 – 5 , 153 – 4 , 155 , 157 148 , 155 64th Regiment, 19th Division (O) 149 , 153 – 4 , 157 2nd Battalion, 47th Regiment (O) 156 72nd Regiment (O) 56 2nd Battalion, 57th Regiment (O) 148 77th Regiment (O) 56 , 146 2nd Battalion, 72nd Regiment 158 2nd Battalion, 125th Regiment (O) 148 Abbas Hilmi Pasha 224 2nd Division (O) 234 Abydos, GP 7 2nd Field Company (AE) 119 , 121 , 123 Adnan Bey 201 2nd Platoon, 4th Squad, 2nd Battalion, 27th Rgt (O) aerial photography 72 – 4 142 , 143 aerial reconnaissance 66fi g , 67 , 70 – 4 2nd Ranging and Survey Section (RE) 73 Agamemnon , HMS 33 2nd Squad, 2nd Battalion, 27th Rgt (O) 142 agency theory 83 Third Army Corps (O) 140 Aigospotami, battle of 10 , 11 3 Wing (formerly No 3 Squadron) (RNAS) 71 – 2 , 73 Aiolian Greeks 6 3rd Battalion, 27th Regiment (O) 52 – 3 , 145 – 6 , 147 Aischylos 9 3rd Battalion, 57th Regiment (O) 148 Akbaş Castle 15 3rd Battalion, 72nd Regiment (O) 148 Akbulut, Yıdırım 230 3rd Field Company (AE) 118 , 129 , 133 , 134 , 137 Alçıtepe Monument 227 3rd Platoon, 4th Squad, 2nd Battalion, 27th Rgt (O) Alexander III, Macedonian king (Alexander the Great) 9 , 142 – 3 , 147 13 – 14 , 15 , 33 3rd Squad, 2nd Battalion, 27th Rgt (O) 142 , 147 Allen, James 217 4th Australian Battalion 119 Alopekonnesos, Suvla Bay 7 , 8 , 17 4th Australian Brigade 30 Anafartalar Group Wars: Dardanelles Land Battles in the World 4th Battalion Parade Ground Cemetery 40 War (Hayrı) 55 4th Field Company (AE) 75 , 121 , 125 Anafartalar Victory 228 4th Regiment, 2nd Division (O) 149 – 50 Anafartalar Victory Monument 236 – 7 4th Squad, 2nd Battalion, 27th Rgt (O) 53 , 142 , 145 – 6 ancient cities 7 – 8 , 15 , 16 Fifth Army Corps (O) 50 , 56 – 7 , 68 , 139 , 140 , 165 , 234 ancient Greece 5th Australian Battalion 203 invasions by Persia 8 , 14 5th Australian Light Horse Regiment 134 , 137 settlement of peninsula 6 – 8 , 15 5th Division (O) 149 , 151 , 234 Trojan War 6 – 7 , 12 , 14 5th Engineers 76 war with Sparta 10 – 11 5th Field Company 109 , 111 Anzac/Arı Burnu /Gaba Tepe 5th Regiment, 2nd Division (O) 149 – 50 August offensive 28 6th Australian Battalion 203 landing of Anzacs 26 , 27fi g , 38 – 9 , 41fi g , 52 – 3 , 64 6th Australian Light Horse Regiment 119 , 134 natural defences 138 – 9 7th Australian Battalion 45 , 203 trench warfare 28 7th Australian Light Horse Regiment 134 Turkish account of Allied 8th Australian Battalion 203 landing 52 – 3

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-11174-5 - Anzac Battlefield: A Gallipoli Landscape of War and Memory Edited by Antonio Sagona, Mithat Atabay, C.J. Mackie, Ian McGibbon and Richard Reid Index More information

Index

Anzac Area Balkan Wars (1912–13) 23, 25, 33, 52, 138, 139 demands for an Anzac estate 196–7, 244 barbed wire defences 102, 161–2 evolution of 192 Başbuğ, İlker 232 formation of 193–201 Batt, Private Thomas 40 origins 194–5 Battle of Dumlupınar 32 renegotiation at Lausanne 198–201 Battle of Lone Pine 53, 123, 142, 202, 213 sentimental connection to 28–9, 82, 192 Battleship Hill 40, 42, 43fig Sèvres arrangement 197 Baykan, Muammer 228 survival of battlefield 90, 91–2, 192 bayonets 169 see also Commonwealth War Graves Cemeteries of Anzac Beach Cemetery 203, 208, 216 Anzac cemeteries and burial sites 37 Bean, Charles Anzac Commemorative Site (ACS) 219, 220 annotated landing map 67 Anzac Cove on Anzac diet 172 landing at 27fig on Ashmead-Bartlett’s account of Anzac landing 31 naming of 218 and Australian Historical Mission 36–7, 77–8, 210 Anzac Day, and consolidation of Anzac legend 32 Greek coin find 17–18 Anzac Gallipoli Archaeological Database (AGAD) 246–50 proposed reservation of Anzac site for memorial Anzac, the landing [painting] (Lambert) 38–9, 40 purposes 78, 195 Anzac legend 29, 30–2 responses to ancient history of region 17 Anzac tourism 219 sketch of Arı Burnu and Plugge’s Plateau 41fig Aqaba crisis (1906) 63 vision for Anzac Area 212 archaeological investigations of battlefield Beech, Lance Corporal William 171 finds from trench and tunnel digging 16–19 beer bottles 185–6 French excavations at Helles 16, 18–19, 19fig Beetham, Lieutenant Ralph 103fig see also Joint Historical and Archaeological Survey project Belford, Walter 130 archaeology of conflictsee conflict archaeology Bell, Private M.R. 207 archaeology of peninsula Berrie, Trooper George 134 ancient Greek settlements 15 Big Sap 91, 104 fledgling stage of 14 Bigg-Wither, Captain Clifton 208 prehistoric settlements 14–15 Bird, Second Corporal George 205 Roman settlement and artefacts 7–8, 15–16 Birdwood, Lieutenant-General Sir William 217 site of Sestos 15 boots 188 Arı Burnu see Anzac /Arı Burnu /Gaba Tepe Bowra, Lieutenant Frederick 121 Arı Burnu Battles Report (Mustafa Kemal) 56 Box, Edward 196–7 Arı Burnu Cemetery 208, 219 Braithwaite, Colonel William 91 Arı Burnu Northern Group Operation in the Dardanelles Land bricks 162–4 Battles in the World War (lectures) 55 Bridges, Major General William 42 Ark Royal, HMS 71 British Empire, assumptions about Ottoman commitment Arrian 13 and readiness for war 25, 26 Artaÿctes (Persian governor, Sestos) 9–10, 13 British landings, at Cape Helles 26–7 artefacts British naval charts 62–3 interpretation of 159–61 Broster, T. 203 materials 160 Brown’s Dip 123 rationale for study of 159 Brown’s Dip Cemetery 205–7, 206fig, 209, 214 types 160 Bruce, Stanley 217 see also name of type Buchanan, Lieutenant Herbert 39–40, 42, 78 artillery 168 buckles/fasteners 189–90 artillery deployment sites, Turkish 139 bullet cartridges 166–7 Artillery Road Cemetery 215 bullets 165–8 Artillery Road East Cemetery 215 Burhanettin (Staff Major) 55 Artunkal, Ali Riza 227 Burnet, Sir John 213, 214, 215 Asal, Rüştü 227 Bursalı Mehmet Nihat 56 Ashmead-Bartlett, Ellis 30fig, 30–1 Butler, Flight Lieutenant C.H. 71, 73, 82 Aspinall-Oglander, C.F. 157 buttons 188–9 Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal see Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) Byron, George Gordon (Lord Byron) 12 Attalus II, Pergamonian king 17 Auden, Captain George Augustus 17 Çakmak, Fevzi 227 Australian Historical Mission (AHM) 36–7, 77–8, 210 Çanakkale, Turkey 4 Australian New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) 26 Çanakkale Battle 26, 29fig Australian Returned and Services League (RSL) 217 Çanakkale Destanı/Epic of Çanakkale 32–5 Australian War Memorial, artefacts from Australian Çanakkale Martyrs Memorial/Çanakkale Şehitleri Historical Mission 37, 43 Aniti 35, 239fig, 242 Australian War Records Section 37, 78 Çanakkale Monument of the Fallen/Çanakkale Şehitleri Anıtı 228, 230, 232 B3 tunnel 8 Çanakkale Muzafferiyet-i Azimesi 222 Baby 39, 40, 42 Çanakkale Naval Museum (Çanakkale Deniz Müzesi) 96, Balkan crisis (1875–76) 63 230

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Çanakkale Şehitlerini Anma Günü/Çanakkale Martyrs’ reinterrments 214–15 Day 29 and Treaty of Lausanne 57, 78, 209 canned meat 176 Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery Canterbury Cemetery 215 Register 202, 203 Cape Helles communication equipment 187 British landing at 26–7 communication trenches 102, 150 investigation by Australian Historical Mission 37 community life on peninsula see also Elaious (Helles) after war 57–8 Carte de la Presqu’île de Gallipoli, Levée par les Officiers d’Etat- at outbreak of war 20–3 major de l’Armée d’Orient 62, 63 condiments 176–8 Carter, Sapper Edward 205 conflict archaeology cartography anthropological approach 83–4 Bonne (dépôt de la guerre) projection 48, 62, 68, 77 importance of context 84 role of maps in Turkish control of Dardanelles Wars 50 interdisciplinary methodology 81–2, 83 toponyms 61–2 Conker, Nuri 226 in Turkey under şevki Pasha 48–9 Connaught Rangers 205 use of aerial reconnaissance and photography 66fig, 67, cookware 179–80 70–4 Cornfield 130–3, 131fig see also mapping of battlefields; maps of Gallipoli Courtney’s Post/Boyun 117–18, 157 peninsula Courtney’s and Steele’s Cemetery 45, 215 casualties 28, 93, 213 covered trenches 155–6 Çataldere Cemetery 242 Crimean War (1854–56) 62 Çataldere Monument 234 Crouch, Colonel R.A. 8, 207 Çelik, Hüseyin 231 Crowe, Sir Eyre 197 Cemal (Bardakçi) 20 cultural diversity, pre-war population 6 cemeteries cultural legacy of Gallipoli campaign 82 grave markers and memorials 205, 207fig, 209, 215 Curzon, George (Marquess Curzon of Kedleston) 198–9 marked on IWGC survey map 78 Cynossema original Anzac cemeteries 202–8 origin of name 12 in pre-war period 23 sea battle 10–11 see also Commonwealth War Graves Cemeteries of Anzac Centre for the Conservation of Material Culture, University Dardanelles/Çanakkale Boğazı/Hellespont of Melbourne 96 Anglo-French attempt to control 26–7 Cevat Pasha (Brigadier-General) 50, 222, 223 British naval charts 62–3 Chatham, Lieutenant William 134 as natural boundary 4 Chatham’s Post 134, 137 origins of name 5, 11 Chunuk Bair/Conkbayırı significance in antiquity 4–6 attainment and loss of position 28, 53 swimming across 12 investigation by Australian Historical Mission 37 Dardanelles Commission 67 Roman artefacts 16 Dardanelles Martyrs (Turkish memorial) 18 Chunuk Bair Cemetery 213, 217, 221 Dardanelles Naval War in the World War, The (Selahaddin chutney jars 177–8 (Adil) Pasha) 55 Çimenlik Castle (formerly Kale-i Saltaniye) 20, 230 Dardanelles Victory in the Great War (Nihat) 224 Clark, Helen 219, 220 Dardanus (mythical figure) 5 Clayton, Gilbert 64 Darius I, Persian king 8 Clifton, Sapper Ernest 111 Day of the Fallen and Naval Victory Day 231 climate 60 De Vine, Sergeant Apcar 172, 181 clothing 21 Deep Respect for Mehmetçik Monument 240–1 Coela 15–16 Demir, Nuri 226 Collie, Private John 127 Demirel, Süleyman 228 Colquhoun, Corporal Hugh 205 Der Kampf um die Dardanellen (Mühlmann) 57 Commemoration Day for the 18 March 1915 Çanakkale Devlin, Private James 207 Fallen 229 Devlin, Rose 207 Commemoration Day for the Fallen 225 Dexter, Chaplain William 201–2, 203, 205, 206, 208 commemorative ceremonies in Turkey diet 21 between 1960 and 1980 228–9 Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS), use of 79, 94 in decade following proclamation of Republic 223–5 Dinning, Hector 216 during war period 222–3 Djevad Pasha (General) 68 from 1980 to 2003 229–31 Dolci, Monsignor, Papal envoy to Ottoman Empire 208 new meanings 1934–60 225–8 Dowson, Ernest 64, 65, 67, 73, 74, 76, 82 since 2003 231–3 Drake-Brockman, Major Edmund 40 to celebrate, 18 March victory 223 dress 21 Commonwealth War Graves Cemeteries of Anzac dugouts 92 constructing 209–16 Dukakinzade Feridun (Dirimtekin) 56 headstones 215, 216 Dwyer, Private Francis 127 making of 201–8 recovering 209 earthwork types 91

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eating and drinking vessels 179–80 aerial reconnaissance and photography 66fig, 67, 70–4 Eceabat, Turkey 4, 9–10 Allied defeat and evacuation 27–8 Edirnekapı Cemetery 224 Allied objective and strategy 26–7 education 22–3 Anzac landing maps 64–7 Edward VIII, English king 226 British investigation of possible landing places 63–4 18 March Day of the Fallen and 19 September Veterans Day capture of maps of opposing forces 69, 74–5 Law 231 casualties 28 18 March University/Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi 29 cultural legacy 82 Eighth Battery Cemetery 215 deficiencies of Allied operations maps 66, 67 Ekenhead, William 12 failure of August offensive 28 EKKO PRO GPR system 85 furthest inland point reached by Anzacs 42–4 Elaious (ancient Greek city, Helles) initial clashes 141–8 French excavations 16, 18–19, 19fig inland route of Anzac ‘covering force’ 38–42 in historical record 7, 8, 13, 16 landing of Allied forces 26–7, 27fig, 38, 41fig, 52–3, 64 meaning of name 5 landing of Anzacs at Anzac Cove 27fig, 38–9, 41fig, 64 Emin Cöl 155, 158 landing of British at Helles 26–7 Empire Memorial, Cape Helles 213 as narrative of national identity 28–9 entertainment, pre-war period 23 origins 24–5 Enver Pasha 57, 140, 149, 165 proposed historical markers 45 Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip 231, 232 superiority of Turkish maps 50, 68–70 Erim, Nihat 229 surveying of battlefield 74 Esat Pasha 140, 149, 151, 156 Turkish objective and strategy 140–1 Euripides 12 Turkish offensive on 19 May 149–50 Evren, Kenan 230 Gallipoli Dawn Service 219, 220, 221 Gallipoli Graves Fund of Queensland 208 Fahrettin Bey 224 Gallipoli Mission (Bean) 18, 37, 40, 44, 45–6 Fahrettin Efendi (First Lieutenant) 157 Gallipoli oak (Quercus calliprinos) 61 Faik Efendi (Captain) 142–3, 145 Gallipoli Peninsula Fairnham, Sapper Henty 203 after war 57–8 Farrer, Sapper Tom 107, 108, 110 ancient cities 7–8, 15, 16 ‘Fatal Shore, The’ (ABC TV documentary) 218 colonisation by Greeks 6 Fatih Sultan Mehmed see Mehmed II geography 59–62 features of battlefield 90–4 pivotal geography 59–62 Fevzi Bey 224 place names 61–2 Fewster, Kevin 31 pre-war community life 20–3 field walking technique 86–8 prehistoric settlements 14–15 57th Regiment Cemetery 226 reserves for memorials 78 57th Regiment March in the Tracks of Atatürk 232 as site of military conflict since antiquity 6, 17 Findlay, Colonel John 216 Turkish maps 49–50 fishing 21–2 Gallipoli Peninsula National Historical Park 60, 79, 231, Fliegerabteilung 1 72 243 food Gallipoli Peninsula Peace Park 243, 244 of Anzacs 172–3 Gallipoli pilgrimage 35, 216–19 importance for morale and nutrition 172 Gallipoli and Salonica Pilgrimage Committee 217 pre-war diet on peninsula 21 Gammage, Bill 193 of Turkish soldiers 173–5 Gelibolulu Süleyman (Sergeant) 143 food containers 175 Geographic Information System (GIS) 4th Battalion Parade Ground Cemetery 40 creation 79–80 Fowle, Sapper Charles 205 integration of photos and maps 80–1 French excavations at Elaious (Helles) 16, 18–19, 19fig use of 95 French landing at Kum Kale 26 geography 59–62 fuel cans 186–7 German accounts of Dardanelles Wars 56–7 Fuller, Lieutenant-Colonel Colin 137 German Officers’ rench/MerkezT Tepe 37, 45–6, 157–8 Fünf Jahre Türkei (Five Years in Turkey; Gietzelt, Arthur 240 von Sanders) 56–7 Gillison, Reverend Andrew 202 Fyson, Sapper Albert 112 Glasfurd, Major Duncan 123 Godley, General Sir Alexander 91, 98, 194, 217 Gaba Tepe see Anzac/Arı Burnu/Gaba Tepe Godley–Braithwaite trenches 91 Gallipoli: Bedeutung und Verlauf der Kämpfe Gökçeada (formerly Imbros) 14 (Kannengiesser) 57 Gorham, Sapper Edward 205 Gallipoli: The New Zealand Story (documentary) 218 grave markers and memorials 205, 207fig, 209, 215 Gallipoli: The New Zealand Story (Pugsley) 218 Graves Registration Unit 37, 78, 208, 209 Gallipoli Greco-Persian Wars 8, 14 as administrative centre of Edirne Province 20 Greek myth, and Dardanelles landscape 11–14 origins of name 5 Greek population of peninsula 20 Gallipoli (film; Williamson & Weir) 218 Greek-speaking peoples, colonisation of peninsula 6–7 Gallipoli campaign Greek strawberry tree (Arbutus andrachne) 92

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Greig, Second Lieutenant Norman 45, 46fig İsmail Hakki (Third Lieutenant) 144, 155 Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey 85–6 İsmet (Major) 142, 145, 155 Gül, Abdullah 232, 233 İsmet Pasha 198, 199, 201 Gülgönen, Ahmet 240 isolated graves 205, 215 Italian War Monument 236, 238 Halefoğlu, Vahit 230 Italo-Ottoman War (1911) 26 Halil Dilmaç 223, 226, 227 İzzettin (Çalışlar) 55 Halil Sami (Colonel) 52 Halis (Captain) 147, 153 jam pots 178 Halkevi (People’s House/Community Centre) 225 ‘jam tin bombs’ 169fig Hamilton, General Sir Ian 26, 64, 129 Jason and the Argonauts 11 Hancock’s Trench 128 Jennings, Edgar McIvor 216 hand grenades 168–9 Jennings, W.T. 216 Hasan-Mevsuf Cemetery 230 Jepson, Colonel, Captain 216 Hastane Baryırı Cemetery 227 Johnston’s Jolly/Kırmızısırt 53, 119–22, 142 Hawke, Bob 219 Johnston’s Jolly Cemetery 119, 215 Hay, Ian 217 Joint Historical and Archaeological Survey (JHAS) project Hayrı Bey 55 collection and storage of finds 96 Hecuba (play; Euripides) 12 creation of GIS 79–80 Hellespont see Dardanelles/Çanakkale Boğazı/Hellespont DGPS use 79 Herbert, Aubrey 65, 91 field walking technique 86–8 Hereford mappa mundi 59 Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey 85–6 Hero and Leander myth 12 intensive surface investigation 88–9 Herodotos 8, 11 interdisciplinary methodology 81–2, 83 Hill 60 37 large-scale survey strategy 88 Hill 60 Cemetery 213 on-site preventative conservation 96 Hill 971 28 recording of artefacts and features of battlefield 94–5 History (Herodotos) 8, 11 research design 84 History of the Pelopponesian War (Thucydides) 10–11 satellite-derived terrain model of modern landscape 80, Hogarth, Captain D.G. 17 95 Holly Ridge, artefacts located 89 size of study area 88 Homer 6–7, 32 sources for site interpretation 36 Howard, John 219, 220, 245 survey techniques and methods 85–90 Howe, Lieutenant Hedley 39fig, 39–42, 115 surveys of battlefields 2010–14 79–82 Hughes, Billy 194, 195, 208 treatment of human remains 93–4 Hughes, Colonel C.E. 8 Jones, H.A. 67 Hughes, Lieutenant Cyril 37, 40, 44, 78, 196, 201, 206fig, Jones, Sapper Wilfred 125 208, 209–10, 214 Jones, Sergeant-Major R.S. 16–17 human remains treatment by JHAS project 93–4 Kabatepe Arı Burnu Coast inscription 240 unidentified human remains 213, 215 Kale-i Saltaniye Castle 20 Huntley, Lieutenant Clive 205 Kanlısırt see Lone Pine/Kanlısırt Hüseyin Avni (Colonel) 154fig, 154, 241 Kanlısırt (Lone Pine) inscription 240 Hüseyin Kaçmaz Monument 241 Kannengiesser, General Hans 57 Hüsnühad 227 Karayörük Stream Cemetery 242 hydrographic surveys 62–3 Kardia, Gulf of Saros 7 Kilitbahir Castle 20 İbradaiı İbrahim Efendi (Third Lieutenant) 142, 144 Kılkış, Hüsnü 226, 227 İbrahim Süreyya (Yiğit) 20 Kireçtepe Monument 34fig, 236, 238 İldeniz, Naci 226 Kitab-ı Bahriye; (Book of Navigation; Piri Reis) 59 İleri, Tevfik 228 Köymen, Hulusi 228 Iliad (Homer) 6–7, 12, 13, 15, 32 Krithote, Gallipoli Peninsula 5 Imperial War Conference 78, 195 Küçük Arı Burnu, 27th Regiment inscription 240 Imperial War Graves Commission Kum Kale, French landing at 26 Australian responsibility for work at Gallipoli 196 Kumkale Landing (Celalettin) 55–6 charter 195 control of Anzac Estate 197, 209 Lambert, George 37, 38–42, 77 formation 195 Lan-Davies, Flight Lieutenant C.F. 74 proposed historical markers 45 landscape, satellite-derived terrain model 80, 95 survey of battlefield 78–9, 82 landscape model of palimpsest 80 and Treaty of Lausanne 78 Lâpsekili Muharrem (Sergeant) 143 İnan, Afet 226 Last Arrow Monument 234, 238 İnanc, Kazım 226 Lawrence, Sergeant Cyril 8, 76, 123, 130, 165, 181, 182 industries 21–2 Lawrence, T.E. 65, 75, 82 İnönü, İsmet 227 Leane, Captain Raymond 129–30 Ionian Greeks 6 Leane, Lieutenant Benjamin 128, 130 İsmail Hakki Efendi (Captain) 155, 201 Leane’s Trench 44fig, 44, 128–30

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Life of Alexander (Plutarch) 13 Mehmet Celalettin 55–6 Limnai, Suvla Bay 7 Mehmet Fehmi Efendi 224 Lindsay, Ronald 201 Mehmet Haydar Alganer 33fig liquor bottles 185 Mehmet Reşat, Caliph-Sultan 222 Lloyd, George 65 Mehmet Şefik (Aker) 156, 236 Lloyd George, David 195 Mehmet (Sergeant) 155 logistic systems 187–8 Mehmet Şevki (Ölçer) Pasha 47fig Lone Pine/Kanlısırt contribution to Turkish cartography 48–9, 68 battle of 53, 123, 142, 202, 213 maps made after 1915 evacuation 36, 50–1, 77, 80–1, investigation by Australian Historical Mission 37 82 Roman artefacts 7–8 Mehmet Tevfik (Major) 156 trenches and tunnels 122–5 Mehmetçik Monument 227, 231 Lone Pine Cemetery 122, 123fig, 123, 125, 156, 209, Mekez Tepe see German Officers’ Trench/Mekez Tepe 211fig, 214, 215, 221 memorial sites Lone Pine Memorial to the Missing 156, 210, 213–14 relationships to trench networks 81 ‘Lone Pine’ seedlings, collection and propagation 61 on Second Ridge 60 Louch, Sergeant Tom 130 Merrington, Padre Ernest 202 Loutit, Second Lieutenant Noel 42 Merten Pasha 223 Military Engineering Squadron (O) 152 Machine Gun Squadron, 27th Regiment (O) 147 Military Mapping Commission 48–9 machine guns 164–5 mine placement 56 McInnis, Lieutenant Ronald A. 76–7, 82, 172, 180, 181 mining wars 156–8 MacLaurin, Colonel Henry 40–2, 205 Mirams, Lieutenant James 76, 119, 121 McVay, Corporal David, grave marker 207fig missing in action, memorials to 213–14 Madytos (Eceabat) 8, 9 Monash, General Sir John magazine chargers 167–8 collection of acorns 60 Malone, Lieutenant-Colonel William 93, 114, 116, 117, command of, 4th Infantry Brigade 30 118 on significance of Anzac landing 30 Malone’s Terraces 81, 93, 116–17 Monopoly Administration 22 Maltepe Third Army Corps Telegram Squadron Monument Montreux Straits Convention 226 and Cemetery 234 Monument of the Fallen 227 Manica, HMS 71 Mountain Artillery Squadron (O) 144, 145 Maori Contingent 104 Mudros Armistice 52, 195, 223, 237 mapping of battlefields Muharrem Efendi (Second Lieutenant) 24, 142, 143 by Australian Historical Mission 36–7, 77–8 Mühlmann, Major Carl 57, 162 by IWGC 78–9, 82 Mustafa Asım (First Lieutenant) 242 by JHAS 2010–14 79–82 Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) 146–7 by Şevki Pasha after Allied evacuation 36, 50–1, 77, account of Dardanelles Front 56 80–1, 82 on Allied soldiers 218, 225 legend for Şevki Pasha maps 51 on barbed wire defences 162 surveying of battlefield by Allies in 1915 74 command of, 19th Division 27, 139, 144, 147, 148, 149 trench networks 76–7 defence of Chunuk Bair 28, 53 maps of Gallipoli peninsula on fighting at Quinn’s Post 233 Anzac landing maps 64–7 as founder of modern Turkey 34 British naval charts of surrounding waters 62–3 at Kirectepe Memorial 34fig capture of maps by opposing forces 69 message to Australian people 35 compiled by Allies before the war 62–4 and nationalist movement 198 compiled by Turks before and during the war 49–50 reception of visitors to Dardanelles front 56 deficiencies of Allied operations maps 66, 67 significance of role in Gallipoli campaign 28, 34 French 1:50 000 topographical map 62, 63 on significance of rojanT War 32–4 superiority of Turkish maps 50, 68–70 on trench constuction 140, 151 Martin, Sergeant L.W. Martin 78, 82 in trenches 151fig Martyrs’ Cemeteries Reconstruction Association 224–5 on value of cartographic information 50, 69 Martyrs’ Cemeteries Reconstruction Commission 223 visit to Troy 33 Martyrs’ Hill Monument 234–6, 235fig war diary 54fig Mason, Sapper Bill 106 ‘mustard squares’ 177 Massey, William 194, 195, 213 Mawlawi (Mevlevi Order) Associations 233 National Consciousness and 57th Regiment March 232 Maxwell, Sir John 64 National Turkish Student Union 229 medicine and tonics 178–9 naval battles, in Peloponnesian War 10–11 Mediterranean Expeditionary Force 26 Nek, the/Cesarettepe 86, 155 Mehmed II, Ottoman sultan (Mehmed the Conqueror) Nek Cemetery, the 108 fig, 109, 215, 216 20, 32 New Zealand Field Troop 109 Mehmet, Captain, grave 241 New Zealand Infantry Brigade 114 Mehmet Akif Ersoy 35, 230, 233 New Zealand Returned and Services Association (RSA) 217 Mehmet Çavuş (Sergeant Mehmet) Monument 226, 236fig, Newcombe, Major Stewart Francis 64, 65fig, 75, 76, 82 236, 238–9, 239fig Nicholas, Lieutenant T.C. 67, 68, 69, 74–5

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Nihaat Pasha 223 Real Time Kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK- No 3 Squadron (RNAS) 71–2, 73 GPS) 85 Nolan, Sidney 203 Recep Peker 224 Norwood, Gilbert 16–17 recycling 182–3 Nugent, Captain W.V. 73 reinterrments 214–15 Nusrat (minelayer ship) 227, 230 remembrance of war, elevation of sacrifice 32 Respect for the Turkish Soldier Monument 241 occupations 22 Richardson, Colonel John 216 Ogilvie, Lieutenant Alan 74 rifles 164–5 Öktem, Latif 226 Rogers, Fred 219 Öktem, Tankut 241 Roman settlements 7–8, 15–16 ‘Old Anzac’ battlefield Royal Navy Air Service (RNAS) 64, 71–2 defences of 99, 100–2, 107fig Russell’s Top/Yükseksırt 39, 104–9, 157 extent of 98, 99 Russell’s Top Cemetery 205 initial digging in under fire of 99, 100fig Russo-Turkish War (1877) 63 outposts 104 Ryan, Thomas 194 post-war changes to 137 Ryrie, Colonel Granville 133 sectors 99 Ryrie’s Post 133–4, 136 stages of formation 99–104 see also trench and tunnel networks sacrifice, idealised in war remembrance 32 on-site preventative conservation of artefacts 96 Sadık Efendi (Captain) 144, 145 ordnance 164 Saffet Efendi (First Lieutenant) 148 Otago Mounted Rifles 104 Said Halim Pasha 174 Ottoman Empire, alliance with Central Powers 24–5 Şakir (Güleş) 224 outposts 104 Salamis naval battle 9 Samson, Wing Commander Charles 70fig, 71 Paris Peace Conference 196–7 sardines 7 Peacock, E.R. 209 Sari Bair Range 27 Pearce, George 208 Sarıbekiroğlu, Mehmet 229 Pelopponesian War 10–11 satellite-derived terrain model of modern landscape 80, 95 Pericles 9 Saunders, Sapper Charles 104–6, 107, 117 periscopes and periscope rifles 171–2 seaplanes 71 Persia, invasions of Greece 8, 14 Second Anafartalar Victory 228 Persians (play; Aischylos) 9 Second Ridge 39, 40, 45 personal items 188–90 Sedat (Doğruer) (Brigadier-General) 55 Phillip II, Macedonian king 13 Seddülbahir First Monument 230 Piccadilly Circus 124 Seddülbahir Victory Monument 237 pilgrimages to Gallipoli 35, 216–19 Şefik (Aker) (Commander, 27th Rgt) 52–3, 69, 140, 143, Pimple, the 23 145–6, 150, 152–3, 154, 155, 162 Piri Reis 59–60 Şehit Bayramı/Feast of the Martyrs 29 place names 61–2 Selahaddin (Adil) Paşa 55 Plugge’s Plateau/Haintepe 38, 39, 40, 41fig, 215 Sema March at the Front 233 Plugge’s Plateau Cemetery 205 Sestos (ancient city) 7–8, 9, 15 Plutarch 13 settlement of peninsula Pope, Lieutenant-Colonel Harold 110 between Neolithic to Iron Age 14–15 Pope’s Hill by Greek-speaking peoples 6–7 artefacts located 89 Sezer, Ahmet Necdet 232 formation of defences 110–12 Sezgin, Refet 228 Pope’s Hill Cemetery 214 shell fragments 169–70 population Shell Green Cemetery 215, 221 in 1914 20–1 shipping, before the war 22 cultural diversity on peninsula 6, 20–1 shrapnel 168 pottery Shrapnel Valley 39, 40 at Lone Pine 7–8 Shrapnel Valley Cemetery 202, 203fig, 204fig, 215, 216 prehistoric finds 14 Sılay, Tevfik 226 preservation of Anzac battlefield 1, 36–7, 38, 58 Silier, Orhan 232 Price, Sapper Thomas 129 Silt Spur 125–8 Prigge, Major 57 16th Division Monument 234–6, 235fig Protesilaus 12–13 Slattery, Sapper John 205 Pugsley, Chris 218 small arms 164–5 snipers 104 Quinn’s Post soils 60 mining wars 156 Spirit of Çanakkale 233 survey work during battle 76–7 spirits bottles 185 trench and tunnel network 76, 112–16 Springthorpe, J.W. 32 Turkish trenches 154–5 SRD jars 184–5 Quinn’s Post Cemetery 201, 214, 215 Steele’s Post 45

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Index

Story of Anzac, The (Bean) 40, 128 foundation of modern state 34 Strabo 7 modern national identity 4 Straits Issue and the Turkish Victory in the Dardanelles Naval significance of resisting Allied War, The (Sedat Doğruer) 55 invasion 34–5 stripper clips 167–8 significance of Trojan War 32–4 Şüheda Abidesi/Monument of the Fallen (Süleyman Turkish Army, sources on Dardanelles War 55–6 Nazif) 224 Turkish Fronts at the Great War: The Dardanelles Front Şükrü Naili (Gökberk) Pasha 224 (Dirimtekin) 56 Süleyman Nazif 224 Turkish Historical Society 34 Sunay, Cevdet 229 Turkish war diaries 51–2 support trenches 102 Turkish War of Independence Süreyya Yurdakul 226 (1919–23) 34, 49 surveying techniques, used during Gallipoli Twelve Tree Copse Cemetery 213 campaign 75–7 25 April Kumkale March 232 Suvla Bay, ancient cities 7 swimming the Hellespont 12 unidentified human remains 213, 215 Sykes, Colonel F.H. 71 unmarked graves 93–4, 206 urn burial 15 Tabula Peutingeriana 59 Uryanizade Ali Vahid 56 Tağmaç, Memduh 229 Tasmania Post 128–9, 134 vegetation 60–1 terraces 92–3 veterans’ pilgrimages to Gallipoli 219 terracotta tiles 164 Vimy Declaration for the Conservation of Battlefield Dardanelles Expedition in the Great War, The (Bursalı Mehmet Terrain 245 Nihat) 56 Von Sanders, Marshal Otto Liman 23, 56–7, 68, 72, 140, Things I have Heard and Seen at the Dardanelles Front 149, 150, 241 (Uryanizade Ali Vahid ) 56 Third Ridge (Gun Ridge) 42 Walsh, Major Richard 132, 133 Thomson, Flight Lieutenant 73 war diaries of Turkish officers 51–2 ‘To the Martyrs of Çanakkale’ (poem; Akif Ersoy) 35, 233 Ware, Brigadier-General Fabian 195 Tomlin, Julian 196 water containers 180–2 tonics 178–9 weapons 164–5 Tosdevin, Private Robert 127 Web, Private Arthur 127 Treaty of Lausanne 57, 78, 193, 198, 209 Weir, Peter 218 Treaty of Sèvres 197 Wellington Infantry trench and tunnel networks Battalion 93, 114, 118fig from Balkan Wars 138, 139, 148 Wharton, Commander W.J.L. 63 construction by Anzacs 101–2, 104, 107fig Wheatfield see Cornfield construction by Ottoman troops 140–1, 150–6 Wilkins, Hubert 37, 40, 42–3, Godley–Braithwaite trenches 91 44, 46, 77 mapping of 76–7 Williamson, David 217 survival of 90, 91–2 Wilson, Lieutenant-Colonel Lachlan 137 trench types, size and layout 91, 102 Wilson’s Lookout 134, 136–7, 136fig see also names of positions Wire Gully 40, 45 trench warfare Woiters, Captain, L.J. 242 at Cape Helles 27 Woods, Henry Charles 63–4, 82 at Gaba Tepe sector 28 Woolley, Leonard 65, 75 Tripoli War (1911–12) 233–4 Woolley, Sergeant Arthur 206fig Trojan War 6–7, 12, 14, 32–4 Wright’s Gully Cemetery 215 Troy 6–7, 9, 13–14, 15, 32 Tulloch, Captain Eric 42, 43–4, 147 Xanthippos 9 tunnels Xenophon 5 at German Officers’ renchT 45–6 Xerxes, Persian king 8–10, 11, 15, 33 use and locations 92, 102–4, 135–6 Ximenex, Saturnimo 4 Türel, Menderes 232 Turkey Zeki (Major) 38, 45–6, 46fig, 77, 125

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