Pg. 1 Australia's Involvement in World War 1 28 Ju N E 1914 29 Ju

Australia’s Involvement in World War 1 Questions will be based on Retroactive Ch. 2.1 to 2.6. Use these chapters to: 1. Draw a timeline of the July crisis and assassination.

28 June 1914 29 June 1914 5 July 1914 24 July 1914 28 July 1914 Franz Ferdinand killed Austria/Germ any angry at Serbia ‘Blank Cheque’ War threatens Serbia Austria and Serbia war at

30 July 191430 July 1914 3 August 1914 4 August 5 September 1914 3 December 1914

Russia mobilizes PlanSchieffen acted upon, Australia naval pledges support with 20,000 soldiers Germany invades France, entersBritain thewar, start official of War World 1 Andrew Fisher becomes Prime Minister First Australian Imperial Forces arrive in Egypt

2. Create a map with date and locations. Battle of Jutland, Franz Ferdinand May 1916 assassinated in Sarajevo, July 1914 America declares war on Germany, British arrival on Sulva April 1917 Bay, battle of Lone Pine Battle of Somme, (begins) July 1916 Assault on Gallipoli, April 1915

Paris Peace Damascus captured, Conference, Jan- October 1918 June 1919

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First AIF troops British forces capture land in Egypt, Jerusalem, December December 1914 1917

3. Create a recruitment poster for enlistment into the AIF.

4. Timeline of the Gallipoli campaign and Australian troop involvement. Include a map – draw locations.

8 May 1915 May 8 12 May 1915 12May 1915 19May 1915 24May 1915 25 April 1915 25 April 6 August 1915 6 August 1915 7 August 10 August 1915 101915 August 17 October 1915 17October1915 16 December 1915 1915 16December 1915 19December 13 November 1915 13November 1915 24November 1915 27November 1915

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lines lines Gallipoli Gallipoli evacuation. evacuation. Chunuk Bair Chunuk blizzard begins begins blizzard land on Gallipoli Gallipoli on land Chunuk Blair lost Chunuk Hamilton recalled Hamiltonrecalled charge at Lone Pine at Lone charge Lord Kitchener Lord visits Kitchener Anzacs attack Turkish attack Turkish Anzacs 42,000 Turkish troops 42,000troops Turkish New Zealand New Zealand Mounted Troops about informed The ‘silent stunt’ begins begins The stunt’ ‘silent positions at Cape Helles Helles positionsCape at Last night of evacuation ofLast night New Zealanders capture Zealanderscapture New Anzacs and forces AnzacsBritish and Campaign begins to seize toseize beginsCampaign charge down at Australian down charge at Australian Rifles arrive at Anzac Cove Cove Rifles at Anzac arrive Australian Light Horse and Light Australian Horse The ‘silent stunt’ ends, the The ends, stunt’ ‘silent Armistice to bury the dead dead Armistice the to bury Gallipoli heights, Australians GallipoliAustralians heights,

5. Research Task: • Choose one battle and report when, where and how Australians fought in it.

The battle of Lone Pine

The Battle of Lone Pine, which was fought during the Gallipoli campaign for about five days from the sixth to the tenth of August 1915. The area in which the battle was fought was around the ‘400’ plateau. The Lone Pine area was relatively mild and the enemy trenches were separated some distance with a level no- man's land in between.

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The original Australian front at Lone Pine contained some fortifications. To the north of the fortifications was the Turkish reserve area labeled ‘The Cup' because of its location on the head of a gully. The Turkish positions at Lone Pine were the strongest at ANZAC and no attack was anticipated there.

The assault on Lone Pine, by Fred Leist, 1921 The commander of the Australian 1st Division, which was to make the attack, was General H.B. Walker. General Walker did not support an attack on Lone Pine, the British General Sir Ian Hamilton, insisted that Lone Pine be attacked, Walker tried to give his troops the greatest possibility of victory possible on such an hostile battleground.

The battlefront about 200m wide and the gap of 90m separated the ANZAC and Turkish trenches. Some Australian soldiers dug tunnels to within 40m of the enemy trenches. Half of the 1 st division which crossed through no-man’s land where protected from enemy fire by craters left in the ground after the initial bombings which also destroyed most of the Turkish barbed wirings.

Australian soldiers in a captured Turkish trench Australian cemetery at Lone Pine

The Australians had to fight against a massive insurgency from the Turkish, who had covered their trenches with logs. Once the 1 st Division had captured the trenches within 12 hours of the attack, the Turkish launched frequent raids for the next four days. The 2 nd and 3 rd divisions of the ANZAC forces arrived in time to flush out the Turkish resistance.

Although the AIF won the battle of Lone Pine, the Gallipoli campaign was a disaster for the ANZAC forces. The battle of Lone Pine saw over 2,500 Australians killed or wounded. Several Australians were awarded the Victorian Cross for their bravery and skill. Each year on ANZAC Day, Australian visitors assemble at the Lone Pine cemetery which now stands as a memorial to remember of the ANZACS who fought and died at Gallipoli. pg. 4