Centenary of the First World War the Gallipoli Campaign
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The Gallipoli Campaign Can in Large Measure Be Placed on His Shoulders
First published in Great Britain in 2015 P E N & S W O R D F A M I L Y H I S T O R Y an imprint of Pen & Sword Books Ltd 47 Church Street Barnsley South Yorkshire S70 2AS Copyright © Simon Fowler, 2015 ISBN: 978 1 47382 368 6 EPUB ISBN: 978 1 47385 188 7 PRC ISBN: 978 1 47385 195 5 The right of Simon Fowler to be identified as Author of the Work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. Typeset in Palatino and Optima by CHIC GRAPHICS Printed and bound in England by CPI Group (UK), Croydon, CR0 4YY Pen & Sword Books Ltd incorporates the imprints of Pen & Sword Archaeology, Atlas, Aviation, Battleground, Discovery, Family History, History, Maritime, Military, Naval, Politics, Railways, Select, Social History, Transport, True Crime, Claymore Press, Frontline Books, Leo Cooper, Praetorian Press, Remember When, Seaforth Publishing and Wharncliffe. For a complete list of Pen & Sword titles please contact PEN & SWORD BOOKS LTD 47 Church Street, Barnsley, South Yorkshire, S70 2AS, England E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.pen-and-sword.co.uk CONTENTS Preface Dardanelles or Gallipoli? Chapter 1 Gallipoli – an Overview ANZAC LANDING Chapter 2 Soldiers’ Lives SCIMITAR HILL Chapter 3 Getting Started DEATH AND THE FLIES Chapter 4 Researching British Soldiers and Sailors LANDING ON GALLIPOLI Chapter 5 Researching Units WAR DIARY, 2ND BATTALION, SOUTH WALES BORDERERS, 24–5 APRIL 1915 Chapter 6 The Royal Navy Chapter 7 Researching Dominion and Indian Troops Chapter 8 Visiting Gallipoli Bibliography PREFACE There is no other way to put it. -
Samai King Gifted and Talented Online Anzac Day: Why the Other Eight Months Deserve the Same Recognition As the Landing
THE Simpson PRIZE A COMPETITION FOR YEAR 9 AND 10 STUDENTS 2016 Winner Western Australia Samai King Gifted and Talented Online Anzac Day: Why The Other Eight Months Deserve The Same Recognition As The Landing Samai King Gifted and Talented Online rom its early beginnings in 1916, Anzac Day and the associated Anzac legend have come to be an essential part of Australian culture. Our history of the Gallipoli campaign lacks a consensus view as there are many Fdifferent interpretations and accounts competing for our attention. By far the most well-known event of the Gallipoli campaign is the landing of the ANZAC forces on the 25th of April, 1915. Our celebration of, and obsession with, just one single day of the campaign is a disservice to the memory of the men and women who fought under the Anzac banner because it dismisses the complexity and drudgery of the Gallipoli campaign: the torturous trenches and the ever present fear of snipers. Our ‘Anzac’ soldier is a popularly acclaimed model of virtue, but is his legacy best represented by a single battle? Many events throughout the campaign are arguably more admirable than the well-lauded landing, for example the Battle for Lone Pine. Almost four times as many men died in the period of the Battle of Lone Pine than during the Landing. Statistics also document the surprisingly successful evacuation - they lost not even a single soldier to combat. We have become so enamored by the ‘Landing’ that it is now more celebrated and popular than Remembrance Day which commemorates the whole of the First World War in which Anzacs continued to serve. -
Roll of Honour 1914 –18
EASTBOURNE COLLEGE The Memorial Building ROLL OF HONOUR 1914 –18 The Memorial Panels IN MEMORIAM They will always be remembered. Although now beyond the range of living memory, the Great War is the unforgettable ground of modern life. To begin with, it may have looked like another in a series of European wars – the Napoleonic, the Crimean, the Austro-Prussian, the Franco-Prussian – but the effects of this 20th-century war were to shake nations as far away as the United States, India, Australia and New Zealand. Thrown into chaos, the world was changed forever by a war without precedent. Everything from the material and economic to the metaphysical and the psychological was disrupted. A generation was sacrificed. History and geography were dislocated. The values and rules of Western civilization were thrown in question. Men lost faith in the ability to shape or even understand their destiny. Instead they found themselves components of a machine running out of control. New fears stalked the ‘collective unconscious’ (a phrase coined in English in 1917). These huge changes were the sum of millions of individual devastations such as those documented, a century on, in this Roll of Honour. As we know, scarcely any family, village or school was unaffected by personal tragedy, but we must try to remember, too, that each of these names was a son, a promising hope, a beloved, a fellow member of a house or team, a shy or quirky or ambitious youngster, a pupil, a friend. Look at men in the photographs. Some clearly belong to another age, but others might just have walked off College Field. -
ANZAC Day 2015 100Th Anniversary Pilgrimage to Gallipoli School and Youth Group Programme
Cox & Kings Education Travel "Those heroes that shed their blood And lost their lives. You are now lying in the soil of a friendly country. Therefore rest in peace. There is no difference between the Johnnies And the Mehmets to us where they lie side by side Here in this country of ours. You, the mothers, Who sent their sons from far away countries Wipe away your tears, Your sons are now lying in our bosom And are in peace After having lost their lives on this land they have Become our sons as well." - Kemal Ataturk ANZAC DAY 2015 100th Anniversary Pilgrimage to Gallipoli School and Youth Group programme Cox & Kings Education Travel is proud to offer two very special packages to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the ANZACs’ landing at Gallipoli. The Centenary services are expected to draw the largest crowds ever seen at Gallipoli, so you’ll need to book early to reserve your spot at this truly unforgettable occasion. THE PILGRIMAGE FOR SCHOOL AND YOUTH GROUps One of the aims of our pilgrimage is to provide a deeper understanding of the Gallipoli campaign. Our groups attend services as close to the actual battle sites as possible, and all excursions are accompanied by expert historians who will explain the events that took place a century ago. While the main emphasis is on the contributions of troops from Australia and New Zealand, we will also take time to explore the British, French and Turkish aspects of the campaign. LEGENDS OF GALLIPOLI PILGRIMAGE 8 days/7 nights - Departs 19 April 2015 Day 1 – Sun 19 April: Arrive Istanbul Arrive at Istanbul’s Ataturk Airport and transfer Istanbul to your hotel. -
From the Archives
FROM THE ARCHIVES ANZAC DAY, LONE PINE AND PAST GRAMMARIANS One year from the centenary of the landing at Anzac Cove on 25 April, 1915 much is being written about the importance of the landing and its influence on Australian culture and history. Opinions are divided on the issue but one thing that is certain is that many young Australians gave their lives for what was, in the long run, a futile military exercise. Six young men associated with the Grammar School were to die on the Gallipoli Peninsula and it is important that their sacrifice, as with others, be remembered. D.N.MacGregor [25 April], J.F.Walsh [28 April] and H.D.Foot [1 May] were all killed within six days of the conflict breaking out. A.M.Foot , brother of H.D.Foot was killed on 22 November. This From the Archives, however would like to concentrate on two Past Grammarians in J.I.Smith [8 August, 1915] and H.W.Tillidge [7 August, 1915] who were killed during the battle now known as the Battle of Lone Pine. The battle was fought from 6-10 August on a heavily fortified plateau of the Gallipoli Peninsula, upon which stood a solitary lone pine. It was from this pine tree that the legend of the Battle of Lone Pine is derived. There are various stories of the origin in Australia of the lone pine but it seems certain that Private Thomas McDowell and Lance-Corporal Benjamin Smith were the two soldiers who brought back to Australia a pine cone from where the pine tree had stood before the battle. -
Major General James Harold CANNAN CB, CMG, DSO, VD
Major General James Harold CANNAN CB, CMG, DSO, VD [1882 – 1976] Major General Cannan is distinguished by his service in the Militia, as a senior officer in World War 1 and as the Australian Army’s Quartermaster General in World War 2. Major General James Harold Cannan, CB, CMG, DSO, VD (29 August 1882 – 23 May 1976) was a Queenslander by birth and a long-term member of the United Service Club. He rose to brigadier general in the Great War and served as the Australian Army’s Quartermaster General during the Second World War after which it was said that his contribution to the defence of Australia was immense; his responsibility for supply, transport and works, a giant-sized burden; his acknowledgement—nil. We thank the History Interest Group and other volunteers who have researched and prepared these Notes. The series will be progressively expanded and developed. They are intended as casual reading for the benefit of Members, who are encouraged to advise of any inaccuracies in the material. Please do not reproduce them or distribute them outside of the Club membership. File: HIG/Biographies/Cannan Page 1 Cannan was appointed Commanding Officer of the 15th Battalion in 1914 and landed with it at ANZAC Cove on the evening of 25 April 1915. The 15th Infantry Battalion later defended Quinn's Post, one of the most exposed parts of the Anzac perimeter, with Cannan as post commander. On the Western Front, Cannan was CO of 15th Battalion at the Battle of Pozières and Battle of Mouquet Farm. He later commanded 11th Brigade at the Battle of Messines and the Battle of Broodseinde in 1917, and the Battle of Hamel and during the Hundred Days Offensive in 1918. -
April 1915 / Avril 1915
World War I Day by Day 1915 – 1918 April 1915 / Avril 1915 La premiere guerre mondiale De jour en jour 1915 – 1918 Friends of the Canadian War Museum – Les amis du Musée canadien de la guerre https://www.friends-amis.org/ © 2019 FCWM - AMCG 9 April 1915 The Bunsen Committee: The powerbroker for the Middle East The British Government was puzzled by what would follow a victory against the Ottoman Empire. All major powers of Europe had a stake in the Middle East and the division of the spoils would inevitably bring some difficulties. For a full century, the carving of the Sick Man of Europe had been postponed by conferences to avoid European wars. Prime Minister Asquith therefore created a committee, on 9 April 1915, under a senior Foreign Office diplomat, Maurice de Bunsen, to propose a policy in regard to the division of the Middle East among Allies. The Bunsen Committee had representatives from the Colonial Office, the Admiralty, the India Office and other relevant departments. The War Office was officially represented by General Sir Charles Calwell, but Kitchener Colonel Sir Tatton Benvenuto Mark Sykes, 6th Baronet (16 March 1879 – 16 February 1919) insisted that he should have his own personal representative on the Committee. That representative was Sir Mark Sykes, a Member of Parliament who was well known as a Kitchener hand with some experience in Constantinople, and who would turn out to influence the committee to the point of singlehanded direction. This committee will produce a first report in June 1915 but will continue as a think-tank for the British government on Middle Eastern developments. -
Gallipoli Campaign
tHe GaLlIpOlI CaMpAiGn The Gallipoli Campaign was an attack on the Gallipoli peninsula during World War I, between 25 April 1915 and 9 January 1916. The Gallipoli peninsula was an important tactical position during World War I. The British War Council suggested that Germany could be defeated by attacks on her allies, Austria, Hungary and Turkey. The Allied forces of the British Empire (including Australia and New Zealand) aimed to force a passage through the Dardanelles Strait and capture the Turkish capital, Constantinople. At dawn on 25 April 1915, Anzac assault troops landed north of Gaba Tepe, at what became known as Anzac Cove, while the British forces landed at Cape Helles on the Gallipoli Peninsula. The campaign was a brave but costly failure. By December 1915 plans were drawn up to evacuate the entire force from Gallipoli. On 19 and 20 December, the evacuation of over 142,000 men from Anzac Cove commenced and was completed three weeks later with minimal casualties. In total, the whole Gallipoli campaign caused 26,111 Australian casualties, including 8,141 deaths. Since 1916 the anniversary of the landings on 25 April has been commemorated as Anzac Day, becoming one of the most important national celebrations in Australia and New Zealand. tHe GaLlIpOlI CaMpAiGn The Gallipoli Campaign was an attack on the Gallipoli peninsula during World War I, between 25 April 1915 and 9 January 1916. The Gallipoli peninsula was an important tactical position during World War I. The British War Council suggested that Germany could be defeated by attacks on her allies, Austria, Hungary and Turkey. -
“Come on Lads”
“COME ON LADS” ON “COME “COME ON LADS” Old Wesley Collegians and the Gallipoli Campaign Philip J Powell Philip J Powell FOREWORD Congratulations, Philip Powell, for producing this short history. It brings to life the experiences of many Old Boys who died at Gallipoli and some who survived, only to be fatally wounded in the trenches or no-man’s land of the western front. Wesley annually honoured these names, even after the Second World War was over. The silence in Adamson Hall as name after name was read aloud, almost like a slow drum beat, is still in the mind, some seventy or more years later. The messages written by these young men, or about them, are evocative. Even the more humdrum and everyday letters capture, above the noise and tension, the courage. It is as if the soldiers, though dead, are alive. Geoffrey Blainey AC (OW1947) Front cover image: Anzac Cove - 1915 Australian War Memorial P10505.001 First published March 2015. This electronic edition updated February 2017. Copyright by Philip J Powell and Wesley College © ISBN: 978-0-646-93777-9 CONTENTS Introduction .................................................................................. 2 Map of Gallipoli battlefields ........................................................ 4 The Real Anzacs .......................................................................... 5 Chapter 1. The Landing ............................................................... 6 Chapter 2. Helles and the Second Battle of Krithia ..................... 14 Chapter 3. Stalemate #1 .............................................................. -
ÖN TARAF.Pdf
OTELLER VE PANSİYONLAR / HOTELS & HOSTELS TARİHİ ALAN Kartal T. Ece Limanı KILAVUZ HARİTASI A-14 Domuzpazarı (Mvk.) Aktaş T. Yurtyeri Kapanca T. (Mvk.) r: 200 km r: 500 km İSTANBUL SAMSUN Masırlı KARS (Mvk.) TRABZON ANKARA ERZURUM North Redoubt ÇANAKKALE Dolaplar ERZİNCAN Kireç Tepe (Mvk.) SİVAS Kuş Br. ELAZIĞ MUŞ Kireç T. Top T. TA-65 SİİRT İZMİR DENİZLİ KAYSERİ VAN Limestone Hill MALATYA BATMAN TA-64 BODRUM DİYARBAKIR Taşkapı ŞANLIURFA ADANA GAZİANTEP TA-63 Meşelieğrek T. DALAMAN ANTALYA Toplar (Mvk.) TA-62 Mersinli T. Jephson's Post EDİRNE TA-61 Kavak T. KARAKOL DAĞI KARADENİZ Karakol Dagh Taşaltı BULGARİSTAN BLACK SEA Uçurum (Mvk.) A-13 BULGARIA Horoz ayıtlığı (Mvk.) . Kidney Hill İSTANBUL Söğütler yanı Tekke T. YUNANİSTAN Azmakköprü (Mvk.) GREECE TEKİRDAĞ Sarplar Sr Çıralçeşme (Mvk.) (Mvk.) Gala Gölü KOCAELİ Limandağ ovası YA-26 Büyükkemikli Br. (Mvk.) Geyve Gölü MARMARA DENİZİ MARMARA SEA SUVLA POINT Karacaorman Harmanlar (Mvk.) Hanaybayırı A-12 TA-60 Çakal T. Dolmacıdede Softa T. Barış Parkı Askerkuyu T. Peace Park BURSA Hill 10 Gökçeada Karaincirler ÇANAKKALE (Mvk.) Yolağzı Kuş Cenneti YA-25 Çanakkale Savaşları Otoyollar 'A' Beach Taşmerdiven T. Büngüldek T. Bozcaada Gelibolu Tarihi Alan Başkanlığı Highways Troia Göknarı Tabiat Koruma Alanı Ana Asfalt Yollar Küçük Anafarta Natural Conservation Site Main Asphalt Roads EGE DENİZİ Kangoroo Beach Kazdağı Ara Asphalt Yollar Kavakkarşısı T. AEGEAN SEA BALIKESİR Tabiat Parkları Edremt Natural Parks Secondary Asphalt Roads Milli Parklar Deniz Bağlantıları Karabacakharman Yakababa T. Ayvalık Passenger Ferry Üçpınarlar Liman (Mvk.) Kaplan T. Adaları Seaport (Mvk.) Yat Rotaları Recommended The Cut . Havaalanı Suvla Koyu Airport Yacht Route TA-67 A-15 Suvla Bay B01B-15 Kovarlık Sr Gemikaya Mocalar TA-68 TA-66 (Mvk.) Yusufçuk Tepe Tataroğlunun Bucazeytin TUZ GÖLÜ B-14 (Mvk.) Scimitar Hill Koza T. -
State Ed by Verity Laughton
state ed by Verity Laughton 2 Index .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Cast & Creatives .............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Synopsis ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 About the Show ............................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Writer .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Director............................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Letters ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9 Themes ........................................................................................................................................................................................... -
The Great War Began at the End of July 1914 with the Triple Entente
ANZAC SURGEONS OF GALLIPOLI The Great War began at the end of July 1914 with the Triple Entente (Britain, France and Russia) aligned against the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria- Hungary and Italy). By December, the Alliance powers had been joined by the Ottoman Turks; and in January 1915 the Russians, pressured by German and Turkish forces in the Caucasus, asked the British to open up another front. Hamilton second from right: There is nothing certain about war except that one side won’t win. AWM H10350 A naval campaign against Turkey was devised by the British The Turkish forces Secretary of State for War Lord Kitchener and the First Sea Lord, Winston Churchill. In 1913, Enver Pasha became Minister of War and de-facto Commander in Chief of the Turkish forces. He commanded It was intended that allied ships would destroy Turkish the Ottoman Army in 1914 when they were defeated by fortifications and open up the Straits of the Dardanelles, thus the Russians at the Battle of Sarikamiş and also forged the enabling the capture of Constantinople. alliance with Germany in 1914. In March 1915 he handed over control of the Ottoman 5th army to the German General Otto Liman von Sanders. It was intended that allied Von Sanders recognised the allies could not take Constantinople without a combined land and sea attack. ships would destroy Turkish In his account of the campaign, he commented on the small force of 60,000 men under his command but noted: The fortifications British gave me four weeks before their great landing.