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The Museum's Mission in Contemporary Social And

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The Museum's Mission in Contemporary Social And M USEOLOGICA BRUNENSIA STUDIE/ARTICLES THE MUSEUM’S MISSION IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL AND CULTURAL REALITIES ELENA MASTENITSA – LYUDMILA SHLYAKHTINA https://doi.org/10.5817/MuB2017-2-2 ABSTRACT/ABSTRAKT: potřebu najít způsob a metody, The Museum’s mission is jak inovovat tradiční kulturní interpreted by modern researchers The rapid and irreversible changes instituce včetně muzeí. Autorky as “an intended purpose defined that occur in the contemporary článku se zaměřují na otázku as generating culture, both present world dictate the need to find the poslání muzea v kontextu and future, based on preservation ways and methods to renovate globálních změn a společensko- and maintenance of the most valued traditional cultural institutions kulturní transformace. Podle nich parts of all types of heritage, as [...] including the Museum. The authors se v současné době v oblasti vize a policy statement, which outlines of this article focus on the issues pro muzea objevují dva souběžné the main purpose of the Museum, its of the Museum’s mission in the trendy, které se navzájem doplňují: role and public nature”.1 According context of global challenges and sociální inkluze a potřeba zachovat to Tomislav Šola, “the Museum’s socio-cultural transformations. As status muzea jako místa, které mission, as before, is the commitment noted by the authors, two current představuje alternativu každodenní to the common well-being and trends coexist and complement the reality, což jej přesunuje ze unwavering dedication to the social Museum vision: social inclusion známého prostředí do paradoxního, idea based on humanistic ethics”.2 and retaining the Museum status ale zároveň reálného prostoru, as a place alternative to the kde se lze setkat s minulostí, které The Museum’s mission: mundane everyday life, excluding nese otisky dávných dob s jejich pro et contra it from the familiar environment typickými rysy. V podmínkách into a paradoxical, but at the otevřené informační společnosti The views on the Museum’s mission same time real space, where one vystupuje do popředí schopnost are conditionally divided into two can meet the past, which bears muzeí uchovat hmotné i nehmotné camps: representations of museum the image of a bygone time with dědictví nashromážděné ve conservatives and those of museum its characteristic features. In sbírkách, a navíc vytvářet reformers. conditions of an open information inovativní kulturní produkty, society, the ability of the události a významy. Muzeum Conservatives assert a certain Museum to preserve tangible and by mělo být otevřenou, živou “sacredness of the Museum’s mission, intangible heritage accumulated strukturou zaměřenou jak na its rootedness in the sphere of top in its collections and, moreover, kulturní elity, tak na běžné values”.3 Under the sacral approach, to produce innovative cultural návštěvníky včetně zdravotně the most important area of the products, events and meanings, postižených. Utváření kultury Museum activities is that one where moves to the forefront. The a společnosti se stává hlavní an object becomes a monument; Museum needs an image of an prioritou v poslání muzea. therefore, preservation refers open, vibrant structure, targeted to the primary objectives of the equally at both the urban elite, KEYWORDS/KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA: Museum. From this point of view, and the mainstream audience the cultural value of an object including people with disabilities. museum – museology – cultural gains special importance and Cultural and social formations heritage – globalization – mission – working with visitors is reduced to become priority components of the social inclusion – edutainment – familiarizing them with supreme Museum’s mission. volunteer movement 1 Dictionary of current museum terms. Museum, muzeum – muzeologie – kulturní 2009, no. 5, p. 55. Poslání muzea v současné dědictví – globalizace – poslání – 2 ŠOLA, Tomislav. Eternity does not live here společenské a kulturní realitě sociální inkluze – edutainment – anymore. A glossary of museum sins. Tula, 2013, dobrovolnické hnutí p. 106. Rychlé a nezvratné změny 3 LEBEDEV, Alexey V. Museums of the future: information management. Moscow: Progress- v dnešním světě vyvolávají -Tradition, 2001, p. 64. 26 2017 /06 /02 values stored in museums. natural and social environment in all the human life is increasingly According to conservatives, the its manifestations”.7 influenced by actions and events Museum collections should be kept that occur far enough from its under the state ownership and Museologists T. G. Shumnaya immediate social environment. the state is bound to provide full and A. S. Balakirev are convinced Transition from traditional society support to museums. that the contemporary Museum to technogenic computerized Reformers came into the spotlight “attempts to leap into the sphere virtual civilization is catalyzed in the 1990s and they are critics of the actual culture production”.8 by the globalization process and of conservatives. Their views are Its activities build upon the causes axiological transformation. closely intertwined with the trends specific cultural needs of visitors, in the Museum development in which, in turn, account for the Today, understanding the mission light of the globalization impact. religious and ethnic identity, and overarching goal of the They are convinced that the state socio-professional characteristics, Museum is actualized by the patronage over museums should age, etc. “The Museum is a unique context of globalization, as well be gone; hence, the preservation social formation intended to serve as as the establishing information of heritage should be based on a place of meetings and productive society, which is characterized the principle of its active use. intercultural interaction, information by segregation and isolation, In the view of modernizers, and value exchange between loneliness in “the global village”, “partnership-based, project-oriented different communities, ethnic communications via personal but and network technologies will groups, generations, professional, non-personalized communication become the most efficient method age-specific, territorial and other channels (email, mobile phones, of fundraising and formulating the subcultures.”9 etc). People have lost their roots long-term development strategies and are left with scraps of cultural for the Museum’s activities”.4 The Challenges of the global world contacts and fragments of identity. general idea of this approach is and global culture Modern man is focused on the to refocus the Museum activities consumption of spiritual “fast food” from the internal (collection and Transformation of the Museum’s and creates an “intellectual GMO”. research) to external (individual mission is determined by the and society) scope. Thus, the challenges of modern times. A new paradigm of transmodernism priority of communication over Among them is globalization, came as a response to these the storage function is stated and a complex and multi-component processes. It is determined by the educational model is gradually process, which is based on the the emerging human need of replaced by information and information revolution. It has communion, increased desire communication model. a decisive influence on all spheres for impressions, feelings and of social life and human activity – experience, to fill the emotional According to A. M. Kulemzin, “the politics, economics, culture, void that was created by the primary mission of the Museum is language, education, spiritual postmodern world. According to not just performing specific functions and moral development, inter- R. Jonsen, transmodern reality is but is more extensive and includes, ethnic and inter-confessional full of stories that make a natural inter alia, shaping the mindset of the relations. Globalization represents source for the development of wide population”.5 The same idea a powerful factor of spatio- museums. In turn, the history relies is shared by S. I. Sotnikova who temporal transformation in modern on reality and human experience considers that “the Museum is an human existence. Geographical that can be proposed to other instrument for shaping the basics of and state borders become more people. The scientist suggests a person’s mindset”.6 T. Y. Yureneva transparent; transcontinental links that in the society of the future, argues that the contemporary and cross-cultural communication information will be transferred Museum “should play the leading are intensified. In other words, with the help of pictures, stories, role in human perception of his myths and legends, instead of 7 YURENEVA, Tamara Y. The museum in world culture: monograph. Moscow: Russian word, 2003, letters and digits adopted in the 4 Ibid, p. 65. p. 464. information society. Pictures and 5 KULEMZIN, Anatoly M. Ideological aspects of 8 SHUMNAYA, T. G. (ed.). Museums of historical images will become a new common mseology. Bulletin of Kemerovo State University of profile. Cultural mission. Moscow, 2008, p. 62. Culture and Arts, 2012, no. 18, p. 31. language. A sense of permanence 9 MORKOVKIN, Y. V. Development strategy and continuity will be in the 6 SOTNIKOVA, Svetlana I. Natural history for the cultural institution. Market models of museum: from scientific factology to formation economic activity, case study of Ryazan historical top requested and people will the bases of ecological culture (historical journey). and architectural museum-reserve. Handbook for “buy emotions”, stories and new In Abstracts of the scientific conference, November
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