The Bicultural World of Daughters of Greek Immigrants: Acculturation and Psychological Adjustment
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University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Master's Theses and Capstones Student Scholarship Fall 2007 The bicultural world of daughters of Greek immigrants: Acculturation and psychological adjustment Sophia A. Dongas University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis Recommended Citation Dongas, Sophia A., "The bicultural world of daughters of Greek immigrants: Acculturation and psychological adjustment" (2007). Master's Theses and Capstones. 58. https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/58 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses and Capstones by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NOTE TO USERS Page(s) not included in the original manuscript and are unavailable from the author or university. The manuscript was scanned as received. 100 This reproduction is the best copy available. ® UMI Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE BICULTURAL WORLD OF DAUGHTERS OF GREEK IMMIGRANTS: ACCULTURATION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT BY SOPHIA A. DONGAS B.A., University of New Hampshire, 1998 THESIS Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Counseling September, 2007 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 1447881 Copyright 2007 by Dongas, Sophia A. All rights reserved. INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ® UMI UMI Microform 1447881 Copyright 2007 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED © 2007 Sophia A. Dongas Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. This thesis has been examined and approved. izabethThesis Director, Janet I izabethThesis Professor of Education David J. Hebert, rh.D. Professor of Education /QUA- Tina Gatzoulis, Instructor Languages, Literature ana Cultures Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TA B LE S..................................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT............................................................................................................... vii CHAPTER PAGE I INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALE................................... 1 Introduction................................................................................ 1 R ationale.................................................................................... 2 Implications for Counselors..................................................... 3 Research Questions .................................................................. 5 Definition of Terms ................................................................. 5 II REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ......................................... 6 Introduction................................................................................ 6 Acculturation and Adaptation ................................................... 6 Conclusion.................................................................................. 18 III METHODOLOGY....................................................................... 20 D esig n ........................................................................................... 20 Participants.................................................................................. 20 Instrumentation............................................................................ 21 Procedures .................................................................................... 24 Analyses ....................................................................................... 25 IV RESU LTS...................................................................................... 27 Content Analysis.......................................................................... 27 Theme Analysis............................................................................ 31 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. 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CHAPTER PAGE V DISCUSSION................................................................................ 54 Experiences of Daughters Raised by Greek Immigrant P arents.................................................................................. 55 Commonalities and Differences between Daughters of Greek Immigrants ............................................................... 62 Strengths and Weaknesses of Growing up in a Bicultural Greek Family ...................................................................... 67 Limitations of the Study ............................................................. 68 Implications for Counselors ....................................................... 70 REFERENCES............................................................................ 73 APPENDICES.......................................................................... 75 APPENDIX A: IRB Approval Letter .................................. 76 APPENDIX B: Informed Consent........................................ 77 APPENDIX C: Greek-American Acculturation Scale 79 APPENDIX D: Semi-Structured Interview .......................... 82 APPENDIX E: Debriefing Statement .................................... 83 APPENDIX F: Themes........................................................... 84 APPENDIX G: Participant Interviews .................................. 94 v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. 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LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1 How did you feel as a child being raised in a Greek family in the United States? ............................................................. 32 2 Was there ever a time in your childhood when you felt different from other children?............................................. 33 3 How would you describe your mother’s parenting style as a ch ild ? .................................................................................. 35 4 How would you describe your father’s parenting style a a ch ild ? .................................................................................. 37 5 What was your parents’ definition of a “good little Greek girl”? ...................................................................................... 39 6 Do you feel like you have met your parents’ expectations regarding your career, your significant other, etc? . 42 7 Would you identify yourself more Greek or more A m erican?............................................................................ 43 8 Do you ever feel tom between the two cultures, not knowing where you belong exactly? ................................ 44 9 How has growing up in a bicultural family added to who you a r e ?............................................................................... 45 10 In a traditional Greek family, family is valued more than independence. Would you say that this was true of your family? If so, how has this affected your life? 48 11 Do you feel like you can be who you truly are in the family, without strong parental judgment? 50 12 How would you say daughters and sons differ in the way they are raised in the Greek fam ily?........................ 51 vi Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT by Sophia A. Dongas University of New Hampshire, September, 2007 The acculturation and psychological adjustment of daughters of Greek immigrants were examined. Six Greek-American females of Greek immigrant parents between the ages of twenty-five and forty were interviewed. Results indicate a sense of being different and a moderately restricted childhood. Mother's parenting style was very involved and father's parenting style differed across respondents. A "good little Greek girl" was someone who did not embarrass the family, obeyed the parents, and did not date. Meeting parental expectations regarding education was common. All identified themselves as bicultural, both Greek and American, though more strongly American. Feeling comfortable with self within the two cultures was strong and growing up in a bicultural family has had a positive effect. Results also indicate a sense of family being more important than independence, a sense