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ACCESS of YOUNG PEOPLE to CULTURE Final Report EACEA/2008/01 (OJ 2008/S 91-122802

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ACCESS of YOUNG PEOPLE to CULTURE Final Report EACEA/2008/01 (OJ 2008/S 91-122802 ACCESS OF YOUNG PEOPLE TO CULTURE Final Report EACEA/2008/01 (OJ 2008/S 91-122802 ACCESS OF YOUNG PEOPLE TO CULTURE FINAL REPORT EACEA/2008/01 (OJ 2008/S 91-122802) Interarts · Mallorca 272, 9ª planta · 08037 Barcelona · Tel. 34 934 877 022 · Fax 34 934 872 644 · [email protected] · www.interarts.net ACCESS OF YOUNG PEOPLE TO CULTURE Final Report EACEA/2008/01 (OJ 2008/S 91-122802 ACCESS OF YOUNG PEOPLE TO CULTURE Final report Interarts · Mallorca 272, 9ª planta · 08037 Barcelona · Tel. 34 934 877 022 · Fax 34 934 872 644 · [email protected] · www.interarts.net ACCESS OF YOUNG PEOPLE TO CULTURE Final Report EACEA/2008/01 (OJ 2008/S 91-122802) Participating experts and acknowledgements............................................................... 6 SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... 8 English.......................................................................................................................... 8 Résumé - Français ...................................................................................................... 21 Zusammenfassung - Deutsch...................................................................................... 34 1. PRESENTATION OF THE STUDY ......................................................................... 48 1.1. Framework of the study....................................................................................... 48 1.2. Conceptual scope, methodology and structure.................................................... 50 1.2.1. Access and access to culture......................................................................... 50 1.2.2. Objectives and methodology ........................................................................ 51 1.2.3. Structure of the study.................................................................................... 53 1.3. Youth and cultures: a continuous dialogue ......................................................... 54 1.3.1. Youth culture(s)............................................................................................ 54 1.3.2. Cultural construction of youth...................................................................... 55 1.3.3. Juvenile construction of culture.................................................................... 57 1.4. Youth policies, cultural policies and access to culture........................................ 60 1.5. Access of youth to the cultural sector.................................................................. 64 1.6. Previous and existing studies............................................................................... 65 2. LEGAL FRAMEWORK ON ACCESS OF YOUNG PEOPLE TO CULTURE AT NATIONAL AND TRANSNATIONAL LEVEL ......................................................... 68 2.1. International and European agreements and processes ....................................... 68 2.1.1. United Nations.............................................................................................. 68 2.1.2. Council of Europe......................................................................................... 71 2.1.3. European Union............................................................................................ 71 2.2. National legislations ............................................................................................ 71 2.2.1. Constitutional provisions.............................................................................. 71 2.2.2. Separate laws on access to culture of young people, youth policies or cultural/educative activities of young people ......................................................... 72 2.3. Comments............................................................................................................ 82 3. CULTURAL (YOUTH) POLICIES AND YOUTH (CULTURE) POLICIES IN EUROPE......................................................................................................................... 83 3.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 83 3.2. EU strategies, programmes and funds ................................................................. 83 3.3. Other institutions and actors in Europe ............................................................... 92 3.3.1. Pan-European level....................................................................................... 92 3.3.2. National level................................................................................................ 94 3.3.3. Sub-national level......................................................................................... 96 3.4. Policy objectives and actions on national and sub-national level ....................... 97 3.4.1. National policy priorities and objectives...................................................... 97 3.4.2. National policy documents and strategic plans ............................................ 98 3.4.3. National initiatives and actions................................................................... 100 3.4.4. Sub-national level....................................................................................... 108 3.5. Civil society actors and access to culture in Europe ......................................... 109 3.5.1. The role of the Private Sector in Promoting Access to Culture ................. 109 3.5.2. Civil society and its role in fostering access to culture amongst young people .............................................................................................................................. 111 4. TENDENCIES IN YOUTH CULTURE: A EUROPEAN OVERVIEW ................ 115 4.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 115 4.1.1. Youth Culture(s)......................................................................................... 115 Interarts · Mallorca 272, 9ª planta · 08037 Barcelona · Tél. 34 934 877 022 · Fax 34 934 872 644 · [email protected] · www.interarts.net 3 ACCESS OF YOUNG PEOPLE TO CULTURE Final Report EACEA/2008/01 (OJ 2008/S 91-122802) 4.1.2. Youth Culture Trends ................................................................................. 118 4.2. Public Culture.................................................................................................... 120 4.2.1. Education.................................................................................................... 120 4.2.2. Museum Culture ......................................................................................... 121 4.2.3. Literary Culture .......................................................................................... 122 4.2.4. Arts ............................................................................................................. 123 4.2.5. Traditional Culture ..................................................................................... 123 4.3. Consumer Culture.............................................................................................. 124 4.3.1. Television Culture ...................................................................................... 124 4.3.2. Media Culture............................................................................................. 126 4.3.3. Cinema Culture........................................................................................... 126 4.4. Leisure Culture .................................................................................................. 127 4.4.1. Hobby Culture ............................................................................................ 127 4.4.2. Dance and night Culture............................................................................. 128 4.4.3. Sport Culture .............................................................................................. 128 4.4.4. Festival Culture .......................................................................................... 129 4.4.5. Travelling Culture ...................................................................................... 129 4.5. Music Culture .................................................................................................... 130 4.5.1. Music Production........................................................................................ 130 4.5.2. Music Consumption.................................................................................... 130 4.5.3. Music Preferences ...................................................................................... 131 4.6. Digital Culture ................................................................................................... 132 4.6.1. Chat Culture................................................................................................ 132 4.6.2. Blog Culture ............................................................................................... 134 4.6.3. Mobile Culture............................................................................................ 134 4.6.4. Gaming Culture .......................................................................................... 135 4.6.5. E-Culture .................................................................................................... 136 4.6.6. Social Networking ...................................................................................... 136 4.7. European cultural
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