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The Dextrarum Iunctio on Roman and Early Christian Funerary Monuments

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The Dextrarum Iunctio on Roman and Early Christian Funerary Monuments University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2013-08-09 Marriage or a Multiplicity of Meanings? The Dextrarum Iunctio on Roman and Early Christian Funerary Monuments Baillargeon, Danielle Baillargeon, D. (2013). Marriage or a Multiplicity of Meanings? The Dextrarum Iunctio on Roman and Early Christian Funerary Monuments (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/26834 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/869 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Marriage or a Multiplicity of Meanings? The Dextrarum Iunctio on Roman and Early Christian Funerary Monuments by Danielle Baillargeon A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF GREEK AND ROMAN STUDIES CALGARY, ALBERTA AUGUST, 2013 © Danielle Baillargeon 2013 Abstract The intent of this study is to assess the validity of the monolithic association between the dextrarum iunctio motif and marriage. Drawing together a catalog of visual, textual and epigraphic evidence, this study will investigate the potential polysemous nature of the motif by utilizing a hybrid methodological framework that incorporates stylistic and compositional analysis with epigraphic evidence. This discussion will be informed by Place Studies, which focuses on the physical context of the motif and the monument. I suggest that the change in the type and the physical location of the monument provided the impetus for changes in the function of the dextrarum iunctio, making it an inherently multivalent motif. The dextrarum iunctio transformed from a motif that served a pragmatic function on Roman funerary reliefs, providing a means to depict relationships and integration into identity groups, to an allegorical motif that is combined with other ornamentation and complementary images on funerary altars and sarcophagi. ii Acknowledgements This research was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council. I would also like to acknowledge additional funding received through the Humphrey-McLeod Award that allowed for research travel. I want to take this opportunity to thank some of the many people who have made this project a reality. I sincerely thank Dr. Lisa Hughes for her guidance and support, but most of all for introducing me to Roman art and inspiring a passion that I will carry with me for the rest of my life. I would also like to thank Dr. Hanne Sigismund-Nielsen and Dr. Anne Moore for sitting on my committee, as well as for providing many opportunities for discussion and development. Thanks also to my brother and sister for all the love and support (and good-hearted teasing) over the years, as well as my partner Kyle, for his constant encouragement and patience with my obsession with 'Roman stuff.' Finally, I would like to thank my parents, my travel companions in Rome, who accompanied me to many, many museums in search of my 'handshakes.' Your love, support, and enthusiasm made this a reality and I am so incredibly happy to have been able share the experience with the two people whose patience has been most tested by the piles of books in the kitchen for the past two years. I am happy to say that you will have your kitchen back. iii Contents List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. vi List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... vii Chapter one: Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 Chapter two: Literature Review .................................................................................................... 13 Dextrarum iunctio as history: the ‘wedding’ ............................................................................ 13 Dextrarum iunctio as a status indicator: legitimate marriage ................................................... 19 Dextrarum iunctio as analogy: Concordia ................................................................................ 23 Dextrarum iunctio as culturally constituted: familial relations ................................................. 27 Dextrarum iunctio: a comprehensive approach ........................................................................ 29 Chapter three: Methodology ......................................................................................................... 32 Traditional typological analysis: ............................................................................................... 32 Introduction of the corpus: ........................................................................................................ 35 Methodology: ............................................................................................................................ 38 Typologies: ................................................................................................................................ 45 Chapter four: Funerary Reliefs ..................................................................................................... 50 Stylistic features and typologies: .............................................................................................. 50 Epigraphic evidence: ................................................................................................................. 59 Gestural Evidence: .................................................................................................................... 70 Chapter five: Funerary Altars ....................................................................................................... 76 Stylistic and compositional features:......................................................................................... 76 Gender of figures: .................................................................................................................. 81 Iconographic elements: .......................................................................................................... 83 Gestural: .................................................................................................................................... 93 Epigraphic: ................................................................................................................................ 99 Chapter six: Sarcophagi .............................................................................................................. 110 Stylistic and compositional elements: ..................................................................................... 110 Figural composition: ............................................................................................................ 122 Gestural cues: .......................................................................................................................... 131 iv Iconographic program: ............................................................................................................ 143 Chapter seven: Conclusions ........................................................................................................ 153 Bibliography: .............................................................................................................................. 158 Figures......................................................................................................................................... 166 Appendix A:* .............................................................................................................................. 198 Appendix B* ............................................................................................................................... 250 Appendix C* ............................................................................................................................... 256 Appendix D ................................................................................................................................. 258 v List of Tables Table 1 Distribution of Commemorative Relationships on Roman Stele Reliefs ........................ 61 Table 2 Distribution of Commemorative Relationships on Roman Funerary Altars ................. 100 vi List of Figures Figure 1: The Relief of Sextus Magius Turpio from the Cloister of S. Ambrogio in Milan. Early first century CE, marble, 1.03m X 0.88m X 0.31m. Madrid, Museo Civico. Inv. nr. A.O. 9.6625 Source: CIL V, 6036. Clauss-Slaby Epigraphic Database [http://db.edcs.eu/epigr/bilder.php?bild=$SM_CIL_05_06036.jpg;$CIL_05_06036.jpg;$CIL_05_ 06036_1.jpg;$CIL_05_06036_2.jpg.]. Figure 2. Roman Sarcophagus depicting the life of a military officer. Second century CE, marble, 0.242m X 0.85m X0.91m. Mantua, Palazzo Ducale. No Inv. nr. Source: DAI neg. 62.126. Figure 3. Sarcophagus fragment from Via Ardeatina in Rome. Mid third century CE, marble, 1.26m X 0.43m. Casale S. Palomba. No Inv. nr. Source: Carola
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