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Sebaran Dan Persentase Serangan Hama Paralecta Sp. Pada Tanaman Cengkeh Di Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe Distribution and Percentage of Paralecta Sp

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Sebaran Dan Persentase Serangan Hama Paralecta Sp. Pada Tanaman Cengkeh Di Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe Distribution and Percentage of Paralecta Sp 1 Sebaran dan Persentase Serangan Hama Paralecta sp. Pada Tanaman Cengkeh di Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe Distribution and Percentage of Paralecta sp. In Clove Plants In Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe 1Yunita Tahulending, Jackson F. Watung2, Bernadeth V. Montong2, Sandra E. Pakasi2 1Mahasiswa S1 Program Studi Agroteknologi, Minat HPT, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 2Staf Pengajar Program Sudi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado ABSTRACT Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L) is a trade plant that has a high economic value in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the distribution and percentage of pest attacks Paralecta sp. in the Sangihe Islands Regency. This study uses a survey method or direct research at the research location. The study was conducted at several clove plantation locations in the Sangihe Islands. Observation of the distribution of branch borer pests and clove branches was carried out in clove plantations, then marked using GPS and recorded coordinate points then copied to map images using the arcMap 10.5 mapping program. Observation The percentage of attacks carried out on plantations used as sample locations and determined 25 sample trees to be used to calculate the percentage of attacks. Results of the study There were 18 locations found pests attack Paralecta sp. namely in the Central Sangihe and to the southern part with the percentage of attacks that reached 100%, namely in the Village of Malamenggu 448 meters above sea level, 435 meters above sea level and 8 points of location that were not found is a pest attack Paralecta sp. that is, in the middle of Sangihe to the northern part of Sangihe with 0% attack percentage. Keywords: Clove, Distribution, Paralecta sp. Percentage of attack ABSTRAK Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L) merupakan tanaman perdagangan yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi cukup tinggi di Indonesia.. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran dan persentase serangan hama Paralecta sp. di Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei atau dengan pengamatan langsung di lokasi penelitian, Penelitian dilakukan pada beberapa lokasi pertanaman cengkeh di Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe. Pengamatan sebaran hama penggerek cabang dan ranting cengkeh dilaksanakan pada perkebunanan cengkeh, kemudian ditandai dengan menggunakan GPS model GPSmap 76CSx dan mencatat titik kordinat kemudian di salin ke gambar peta menggunakan program pemetaan arcMap 10.5. Pengamatan Persentase serangan dilakukan pada perkebunan yang digunakan sebagai lokasi sampel dan ditentukan 25 pohon sampel untuk digunakan menghitung persentase serangan. Hasil penelitian terdapat 18 titik lokasi yang ditemukan adanya serangan hama Paralecta sp. yaitu di bagian Tengah Sangihe dan sampai bagian Selatan dengan persentase serangan yang mencapai 100% yaitu di Desa Malamenggu 448 mdpl,435 mdpl dan 8 titik lokasi yang tidak ditemukan adanya serangan hama Paralecta sp. yaitu di bagian Tengah Sangihe sampai bagian Utara Sangihe dengan persentase serangan 0%. Kata kunci : Cengkeh, Sebaran, Paralecta sp. Persentase Serangan 2 PENDAHULUAN Provinsi Sulawesi Utara termasuk dalam sentra perkebunan tanaman cengkeh Cengkeh merupakan tanaman dengan luas areal perkebunan cengkeh perdagangan yang mempunyai nilai menurut data BPS Sulawesi Utara 2015 ekonomi cukup tinggi di Indonesia. Sentra adalah 74.825,24 ha dan pada tahun 2016 tanaman cengkeh di Indonesia ada di yaitu 74.932,01 ha. Produksi cengkeh di beberapa Provinsi yaitu: Provinsi Sulawesi Utara pada tahun 2018 dan 2019 Sumatera Barat, Sulawesi Utara dan mencapai 14.000-15.000 ton, sedangkan Maluku. Cengkeh adalah tanaman rempah untuk kebutuhan cengkeh nasional yang termasuk dalam komoditas sektor pertahun sekitar 120.000 ton, artinya perkebunan yang mempunyai peranan sekitar 10% lebih di pasok Sulawesi Utara cukup penting antara lain sebagai (Anonim, 2019) penyumbang pendapatan petani (Bulan, Menurut data BPS Sulawesi Utara 2004). tahun 2016 di Kabupaten Kepulauan Tanaman cengkeh adalah tanaman Sangihe luas areal perkebunan cengkeh tropis, dengan unsur iklim yang cukup adalah 3.974 Ha. Kabupaten Kepulauan menentukan terhadap tinggi rendahnya Sangihe adalah sebuah Kabupaten di produktivitas. Faktor yang mempengaruhi Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia. pertumbuhan tanaman cengkeh antara lain Kabupaten ini memiliki luas wilayah keadaan iklim (Suhu, curah hujan, sinar 736,98 km2. Kabupaten Kepulauan matahari, kelembapan, ketinggian tempat), Sangihe terletak diantara Pulau Sulawesi pH tanah, serta serangan Hama dan dengan pulau Mindano (Filipina) serta penyakit. Tanaman cengkeh dapat berada di bibir samudera pasifik. Jumlah dibudidayakan di dataran rendah sampai kecamatan di Kabupaten Kepulauan dataran tinggi, namun akan lebih produktif Sangihe yaitu 15 kecamatan (Anonim, apabila di tanam di dataran rendah. 2018) Tanaman cengkeh akan tumbuh subur bila Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh tumbuh pada tanah gembur (Ruhnayat dan Rante dan Watung (2016) di Kabupaten Wahid 1997). Kepulauan Sangihe menemukan hama Perlunya teknik budidaya tanaman penggerek cabang dan ranting yang cengkeh yang baik dan benar agar supaya menyerupai serangan Cryptophasa hasil panennya mendapatkan kualitas yang watungi menyerang tanaman cengkeh baik. peran cengkeh dalam perekonomian dengan kerusakan cukup serius. Karakter Nasional cukup besar terutama dalam larva hama ini berbeda dengan C.watungi, bentuk penerimaan cukai rokok. Pada karena pada bagian punggungnya terdapat tahun 2009, penerimaan cukai rokok pita (band) berwarna coklat tua keabu- sebesar Rp 50,5 triliun dan pada tahun abuan, dan bukan berwarna kuning. Hasil 2010 meningkat menjadi Rp. 58 triliun. identifikasi imago serangga hama tersebut Produksi rata-rata tanaman perkebunan diketahui sebagai Paralecta sp. Serangan masih rendah yaitu sekitar 58% dari Paralecta sp. hanya terdapat pada tiga potensi, rendahnya produktivitas tersebut Desa, yaitu Malamenggu, Hessang dan antara lain salah satunya disebabkan oleh Lesabe. Dengan persentase serangan yang adanya serangan Organisme Pengganggu bervariasi, yaitu tertinggi dijumpai di Desa Tanaman (OPT) yang mengakibatkan Malamenggu yakni 75,54%, Desa Hessang terjadinya kehilangan hasil dan penurunan 43,24% dan Desa Lesabe 17,65%. kualitas produk. kerugian akibat serangan Budidaya tanaman cengkeh di OPT pada 13 komoditas perkebunan di beberapa areal perkebunan di Kabupaten Indonesia pada tahun 2011 diperkirakan Kepulauan Sangihe saat ini sedang di mencapai Rp. 2,34 triliun (Anonim, 2013) kembangkan oleh petani atau bisa dikatakan sedang melakukan peremajaan 3 karena pada beberapa areal perkebunan b. Pengamatan tanaman cengkeh semakin 1. Sebaran Hama berkurang/sedikit disebabkan beberapa faktor yaitu Usia tanaman cengkeh yang Pengamatan sebaran hama penggerek semakin tua, kerusakan yang ditimbulkan cabang dan ranting Paralecta sp. akibat cuaca (angin), pengalihan dilaksanakan pada perkebunan penggunaan lahan, serangan hama dan cengkeh yang lokasinya berada di penyakit yang merugikan petani cengkeh . beberapa Desa/Kecamatan, kemudian ditandai dengan menggunakan GPS METODE PENELITIAN dan mencatat titik koordinat dari lokasi-lokasi pengamatan tersebut. A. Waktu dan Tempat Data titik-titik koordinat lokasi pengamatan disalin ke gambar peta Penelitian dilaksanakan di menggunakan program pemetaan Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe selama tiga ArcMap 10.5 dan menandai dengan bulan yaitu mulai bulan Desember 2019 – warna berbeda antara lokasi serangan Februari 2020. hama Paralecta sp. sebagai wilayah B. Alat dan Bahan sebarannya dan lokasi yang tidak ditemukan serangan. Bahan dan alat yang digunakan antara lain; pertanaman cengkeh, tali, GPS, 2. Perhitungan Persentase kamera digital/kamera hp, gunting, alat Serangan tulis menulis. Pengamatan jumlah tanaman yang C. Metode Penelitian terserang dilakukan pada kebun-kebun yang sudah ditentukan sebagai lokasi Penelitian dilakukan dengan sampel yang telah dijumpai adanya metode survei atau dengan pengamatan serangan hama Paralecta sp. secara langsung di lokasi penelitian. Penelitian acak ditentukan 25 pohon sampel dilakukan pada beberapa lokasi dalam satu areal pertanaman cengkeh pertanaman cengkeh di Kabupaten untuk menghitung persentase serangan Kepulauan Sangihe hama tersebut. Dari 25 pohon sampel dihitung berapa tanaman yang D. Prosedur Kerja terserang dengan kriteria yaitu adanya Dalam pelaksanaan penelitian tanda gerekan pada ketiak cabang atau terdiri dari beberapa kegiatan yang ranting cengkeh. Tanaman yang dilaksanakan di lapangan yaitu meliputi : terserang di catat dan dihitung persentase serangan hama dengan a. Penentuan lokasi menggunakan 푛 Dilakukan survei lokasi penelitian RumusP := 푥 100% sebagai tempat pengambilan data 푁 sebaran dan persentase serangan hama Paralecta sp. Kriteria lokasi penelitian P = Persentase serangan . adalah berdasarkan pada areal n = Jumlah tanaman yang terserang pertanaman cengkeh pada beberapa hama lokasi di Kabupaten Kepulauan N = Total tanaman cengkeh. Sangihe 4 3. Parameter Penelitian 4. Analisis Data Data hasil pengamatan untuk lokasi Parameter dalam penelitian ini sebaran ditampilkan dalam gambar meliputi : Ada atau tidaknya serangan peta dengan menggunakan program hama Paralecta sp; Gerekan pada pemetaan ArcMap 10.5 dan ketiak cabang/ranting cengkeh yang persentase serangan hama Paralecta terserang hama Paralecta sp. sp. pada setiap lokasi pengamatan di gambarkan dalam grafik persentase serangan dengan menggunakan software Ms.Excel HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Sebaran Hama Paralecta sp. Di Kabupaten
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