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Food Consumption Patterns of the Community in the Border Area Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi Province

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Food Consumption Patterns of the Community in the Border Area Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi Province Acta Scientific NUTRITIONAL HEALTH (ISSN:2582-1423) Volume 5 Issue 9 September 2021 Research Article Food Consumption Patterns of the Community in the Border Area Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi Province Agustinus N Kairupan* , Gabriel H Joseph, Conny N Manoppo, Ratri Received: July 05, 2021 Retno Ivada, Herlina N Salamba and Anggela T Tombuku Published: August 30, 2021 Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of North Sulawesi, Manado, © All rights are reserved by Agustinus N Indonesia Kairupan., et al. *Corresponding Author: Agustinus N Kairupan, Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of North Sulawesi, Manado, Indonesia. Abstract consumption patterns. The balance of the amount and type of food consumed is important to note because one type of food alone One of the main activities in realizing food security is the achievement of food diversification through improving people's food cannot provide optimal nutritional needs. The formation of healthy and quality human resources requires a variety of food consump- tion to achieve a balance of nutrients according to the standard of adequacy rate. The purpose of this study was to determine the energy/nutrient adequacy rate (AKE/G) and protein adequacy rate (AKP/G) along with the expected food pattern score (PPH) as a parameter of food security and to determine the proportion of energy contribution from each food group to total consumption. en- ergy, especially for people in border areas. The research design used is a cross-sectional study from September to October 2017. The population is community households in border areas with a total of 90 households selected by non-probability sampling purposively. The research data is sourced from secondary and primary data covering socio-economic characteristics, and energy and protein food consumption. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively. The results show that: 1) the average calorie and protein consumption of people in border areas is still within the ideal limit of the adequacy of calorie and protein consumption, which is 2015 Consumption of the grain food group contributed energy ranging from 57.80% oil and fat 12.60%, animal food 10.45%, vegetables kcal and 53.82 grams of protein, and the average consumption of energy and protein is classified as low. normal level deficit category. and fruit (8.41%), and tubers 3.34%). The oily fruit/seed food group and other food groups contributed at least 1.3-1.4% energy. Keywords: Border Area; Food Consumption Pattern; Energy; Protein Introduction The pattern of community food consumption in each region is Food is an important and strategic commodity, considering that different, depending on the potential of the region and the cultural food is a basic human need that needs to be available at any time in structure of the community. The border area is a manifestation of state sovereignty. As a frontier, the border area holds several com- affordable prices by the community. Food as a basic human need plex problems, both from security and socio-economic aspects. The sufficient quantities with decent quality, safe for consumption and border area is not only understood as a geographical concept of stated in Law No.7 of 1996. the area directly adjacent to other countries as described in Law whose fulfillment is a human right of every Indonesian people as Citation: Agustinus N Kairupan., et al. “Food Consumption Patterns of the Community in the Border Area Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi Province". Acta Scientific Nutritional Health 5.9 (2021): 71-77. Food Consumption Patterns of the Community in the Border Area Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi Province 72 (UU) no. 43 of 2008, but it is also a strategic area that nationally quality and quantity of the diversity of community food consump- concerns the livelihoods of many people. tion becomes the basis for identifying the characteristics and pat- terns of community food consumption which is then followed by calculating the quality of food consumption using the concept of has not been optimal, presumably due to the lack of implemen- The program for achieving food consumption diversification the Expected Food Pattern (PPH). Based on this description, the purpose of this study is to identify and determine (1) the socioeco- diversifying food consumption and relatively low consumer ac- tation in the field in marketing and promoting the importance of nomic characteristics of the household, (2) the energy/nutrition ceptance of products. This condition concerns the image, socio- adequacy rate (AKE/G) and the protein adequacy rate (AKP/G) economic value, and nutritional quality of non-rice carbohydrate along with the expected food pattern score (PPH). as a parameter of food security (3) the proportion of energy contribution from is one of the quantitative indicators that can describe household sources, which have been considered inferior. Food diversification each food group to the total energy consumption of border com- food security [1]. One of the important pillars of food security is munities. number of different foods or food groups consumed in a certain Methods access/affordability to food. |2| defines food diversification as the period of time [2]. This concept shows that to achieve a balanced The research design used is a cross-sectional study from Sep- nutritional life, households must consume a variety of foods and tember to October 2017. The population is community households should not rely on only one source. in border areas, namely members of the Women Farmers Group (KWT) with a total of 90 households selected by non-probability [3] reported that the average quality of food consumption in sampling purposively [7] table 1. sources of carbohydrates, especially from grains. Furthermore ([4] Indonesia is still low and less diversified, still dominated by food Number of reported the results of his study on the Sustainable Food House District households Density(Km2) Respondens Area Model (MKRPL) activities in 4 districts/cities in North Su- (people) lawesi province, namely Bitung, North Minahasa, South Minahasa, Tahuna 18.073 717,39 30 and Southeast Minahasa, which showed that in general, the people Tahuna Timur 13.491 544,33 30 who consumed the highest energy sources came from the grain Tabukan Selatan 5.953 86,63 30 group is 2021 kcal/capita/day, this value is above the ideal energy Amount 90 adequacy rate (AKE) of 2000 kcal/capita/day [5]. Table 1: Population and sample of community respondents in Humans need more than 40 types of nutrients to live an active border areas. and healthy life and no type of food can meet all of these nutritional Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, Sangihe Islands Regency, 2016. and society, namely in the form of health costs and negative im- needs. Micronutrient deficiency places a huge burden on sufferers pacts on human resources and reduces economic productivity. This The data used in this study include primary data and secondary learning, limit productivity, and ultimately perpetuate poverty in a is because micronutrient deficiencies impair physical growth and continuous cycle. and direct interviews using questionnaires covering 1) household data. Primary data collection was carried out by field observations socioeconomic characteristics, 2) household food consumption The balance of the amount and type of food consumed is im- patterns, 3) food consumption including energy and protein con- portant to note because one type of food alone cannot provide sumption. adequate nutritional needs. Therefore, the community is advised to consume a variety of foods to achieve a balance of nutrients ac- Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively. cording to the standard of adequacy required for the formation of The data on the socio-economic characteristics and the food con- healthy and quality human resources [6]. The assessment of the Citation: Agustinus N Kairupan., et al. “Food Consumption Patterns of the Community in the Border Area Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi Province". Acta Scientific Nutritional Health 5.9 (2021): 71-77. Food Consumption Patterns of the Community in the Border Area Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi Province 73 sumption characteristics of the respondents were processed de- Characteristics Category Percentage scriptively. Data analysis of household food consumption patterns Elementary School 10.8 was carried out quantitatively, namely to calculate: (1) the amount Junior High School 26.2 of consumption and the level of consumption of nutrients; (2) the Education Level of Head contribution of food groups to the total recommended nutrients (% of Household High School 46.8 Nutritional Adequacy Rate); and (3) the quality of food consump- tion according to the Expected Food Pattern (PPH) score. Assess- College 16.2 ment of household food consumption using the food recall method Elementary School 15.2 with the following stages: (a) Conversion of food ingredients in Junior High School 28,2 grams; (b) Summing up uniform foodstuffs so that the total con- Housewife Education Level sumption of foodstuffs is obtained in one day; (c) Grouping food High School 40,8 ingredients into nine food groups of the Hope Food Pattern (PPH), namely grains, tubers, animal foods, vegetables and fruit, oils and College 15,8 fats, oily fruits and seeds, and others [9]; and (d) Calculate the aver- 4 family members (small) 95.8 age household consumption of nutrients per capita per day, based Number of Family Mem- on the type of food, the type of food group, and the total. Based on bers (Persons) 5 - 7 family members 4,2 the average total nutrient consumption, the level of nutrient con- (medium) sumption is then calculated using the formula formulation; Nutri- Not working ent Consumption Rate = (Nutrient Consumption/Nutrient Adequa- 1,5 cy Rate) x 100%. TNI/Polri/PNS/ Employees 19,5 Results and Discussion Self-employed/service/ Household socio-economic characteristics Head of Household Job 62,2 trade The characteristics of the household include the education level 12,3 of the head of the family, the occupation of the head of the house- labor hold, the household, the number of family members, and house- Farmer/fisherman/ 4,2 hold expenses.
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