Vol.9 No.1 Juni 2020 Hospitality 77 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. GOVERNMENT’S ROLE IN DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AT SANGIHE

Oleh Steven Y. Kawatak1), Machiko N. Indriyanto2) & Yolanda M.K.H. Jangkobus3) 1,2,3 Universitas Katolik De La Salle 1,2; Kairagi I Kombos Manado, 0811-4390- 1500 Email: [email protected], [email protected], & [email protected]

Abstract Tourism is a leading sector and source of income for many local governments, including the government of Sangihe Regency. Sustainable tourism development has been considered as a major factor in maintaining the environmental integrity, as well as social and economic equality of a region’s tourist attractions. This study uses qualitative research, where the data collection was carried out by observation, documentation and interviews with the stakeholders of tourism in the regency, in particular the local Cultural and Tourism Office. Moreover, in this research, the potentials of the Regency were identified and categorized into three, namely Cultural, Natural and Maritime, and Nature Reserve tourism potentials. The local government’s policies to improve and develop its sustainable tourism are then divided into four main aspects, which are the development of tourist destinations, tourism marketing, tourism industry, and tourism institutions. Lastly, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats are identified in order to develop strategies that would support and improve the development of sustainable tourism in . Keywords: Sustainable Tourism, Potential, Strategy & Policy

INTRODUCTION explains that “sustainable tourism takes on a set Rapid tourism development must be of policies to ensure those small businesses to balanced with sustainable development. survive over a longer-term, that they continue Sustainable development is mainly concerned to serve tourists, and it becomes a pillar for about the protection and conservation of natural achieving a stable economic base for the environment, while at the same time be able to community”. To achieve these development improve the equality of the society’s social goals, the development of the tourism sector is balance and economic conditions. expected to maintain the sustainability of Sustainable development in tourism is environmental ecosystems, while taking into held through a dynamic process along with account the local community's socio-cultural other sectors leading to improved quality and conditions, so that they can be maintained and quantity of goods and services. Therefore, can also be enjoyed by future generations. tourism objects need special attention from the One area in North that is government in terms of their development. experiencing tourism development is the Besides, they are natural wealth as well as Sangihe Islands Regency. This Regency is one portraits of areas that must be preserved and of the districts in Province, maintained to invite domestic and foreign , which has tremendous natural tourists. This is very closely related to potential and wealth, land, oceans, rivers, sustainable tourism development. Sustainable mountains, waterfalls, scattered small islands, tourism focuses on the long term existence of bays and beaches that offer various tourism local small businesses, particularly those activities nautical. The Sangihe Islands has an related to the tourism industry. Weaver (2005) underwater volcano called Banua Wuhu and ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. P-ISSN: 2088-4834 E-ISSN : 2685-5534 http://stp-mataram.e-journal.id/JHI 78 Hospitality Vol.9 No.1 Juni 2020 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. nine diving sites. Various kinds of tourist to make these attractions reach a wider attractions found in the Sangihe Islands market, by gaining new market share. Regency have attracted many local and foreign 4. New developments in the presence of tourists to visit this area. Total visits of attractions that aim to improve visitor domestic tourists in 2013 amounted to 25,000 facilities or anticipate increased secondary people and continued to grow each year, expenditure by visitors. namely 2014 amounting to 26,500 people, 2015 5. Creation of new activities or stages of amounting to 29,360 people, 2016 amounting activities that move from one place to to 30,000 people and 2017 amounting to 31,765 another where such activities require people. This also occurs in the number of modification of buildings and structures. foreign tourist visits in the Sangihe island The rapid growth and spread of tourism district. In 2013, there were 500 people and around the world have resulted in its virtually continued to increase every year, namely in universal integration into local and national 2014 amounting to 525 people, 2015 amounting development policies and plans. In some cases, to 880 people, 2016 amounting to 1,910 people of course, tourism may play only a limited role and 2017 amounting to 2,110 people. in development; in other cases, particularly in The field of tourism is one source of less developed countries, it may represent the income for the regional government in this only realistic choice according to Brown regency. However, it is evident that in terms of (1998). sustainable tourism development, the Sustainable development is about cooperation and understanding between the protecting and conserving the planet’s natural community and the local government are still environment and promoting social equity and a lacking. Sustainable development should focus degree of economic equality within and on how the government minimizes between nations. This can be conceptualized as environmental destruction without sacrificing a process of convergence, so the question of growth in the tourism sector. This research is spatial scale is a necessary element in any conducted in order to identify the tourism serious thinking, and action, designed to make potentials in the Sangihe Islands Regency, to our world a better place (Blewitt, 2008). describe the government's efforts or policies in The sustainable development concept developing tourism in the Sangihe Islands provides a new discourse on the importance of Regency, and also to find out how the principles preserving the natural environment in the of sustainable tourism are implemented at the future, future generations "development that Sangihe Islands Regency. meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations LITERATURE REVIEW to meet their own needs." According to the Tourism development is a series of efforts Brundtland Report from the United Nations to realize integration in the use of various (1987), sustainable development is how to tourism resources integrating all forms of improve environmental destruction without aspects outside tourism that are directly or sacrificing the needs of economic development indirectly related to the continuity of tourism and social justice. development. Swarbrooke (1996) divides According to the World Tourism several types of development, namely: Organization (2005), sustainable tourism is 1. Overall with new goals, build attractions on "Tourism that takes full account of its current sites that were not used as attractions. and future economic, social and environmental 2. New goals, building attractions on sites that impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the have previously been used as attractions. industry, the environment, and host 3. Overall new development in the presence of communities. attractions built to attract more visitors and Tourism potential in the Sangihe archipelago is very promising. This encourages ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. http://stp-mataram.e-journal.id/JHI P-ISSN: 2088-4834 E-ISSN : 2685-5534 Vol.9 No.1 Juni 2020 Hospitality 79 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. local governments and business actors to be their respective contexts. To get the right one, interested in developing tourism there as one of the techniques carried out are: the priority sectors, especially in areas that have a. Data reduction tourism potential. Through the concepts made The amount of data obtained from the field by the regional government and business actors was quite large, so it needed to be carefully such as environmental preservation, socio- managed and also in detail. Reducing this cultural, and economic improvement, it is data means summarizing, choosing the hoped that tourism development can realize the main things, focusing on the important goals of the nation and state to build a just and things, then looking for the theme and prosperous society, especially for the people in pattern. Thus, the collected data may the Sangihe archipelago. provide a clearer picture and can further Optimal use of environmental resources, facilitate the researcher in finding the which are key elements in tourism development required data. will help develop tourism in an area. One way b. Presentation of data to use it is through the implementation of After the data had been reduced, the next strategies for the development of tourism itself. step was to present the data. In qualitative The SWOT analysis strategy is considered to be research, the presentation of data can be very suitable in the development of tourism done in the form of brief descriptions, because SWOT analysis explains about charts, relationships between categories, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and flowcharts, and the like. The most threats. frequently used data to present in qualitative research is narrative text. RESEARCH METHOD c. Verification The method used in this research is The third step in analyzing qualitative data descriptive research method with qualitative was drawing conclusions and verification. data analysis. Descriptive qualitative methods The conclusions in a qualitative research adjust opinions between researchers and should be new findings that are not known informants. The analysis used cannot be previously. Findings can be in the form of a described in terms of numbers but through a description of an object that was previously research process, namely observation, dim or dark. interviews, and documentation. d. SWOT Analysis The respondents in this research were SWOT Analysis is a strategic planning individuals who are responsible for the method used to evaluate strengths, sustainable tourism development, namely the weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in a Secretary and Head of the Tourism Destination project, in this case in the development of Division of the Culture and Tourism Office of sustainable tourism. the Sangihe Islands Regency. Data were also gathered from other stakeholders of tourism in RESEARCH RESULTS the area, such as representatives of local Picture 1. The Map of Sangihe Island community, owners of private tourist destinations, and visitors. They were chosen because they were directly involved in maintaining, preserving and developing tourism destinations in Sangihe Islands Regency. By conducting qualitative analysis, researchers focused on the designation of meaning, description, and placement of data in

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. P-ISSN: 2088-4834 E-ISSN : 2685-5534 http://stp-mataram.e-journal.id/JHI 80 Hospitality Vol.9 No.1 Juni 2020 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Sangihe Islands Regency is an integral part there is the selection of Ungke and Momo of North Sulawesi Province located at the Sangihe, which aims to foster young people position of 4'13 "- 04º - 44 '22" North Latitude who have the potential as tourism ambassadors and 125º 9 '28 "- 125º 56' 57" East Longitude. who will promote the Sangihe Islands The borders of the Sangihe Islands Regency Regency. In terms of culture, there are also are: dances ranging from dances from Gunde, - Northside bordering the Mesalai, Upase, Salo, Ampa Wayer, and - Eastside bordering Talaud Regency and Alabadiri dances. There is also traditional Maluku Sea music that has been around for a long time, - Southside bordering Sitaro Regency. namely Musik Bambu. - Westside bordering the Sulawesi Sea Another kind of cultural tourism is This district is located between Sulawesi cultural heritage. Cultural heritage objects are Island, and Island (Philippines) so objects that are either intangible or tangible, Sangihe district is called a border area with an mobile or immobile, that is left behind by the area of 11,863.58 km2. Sangihe Regency is a previous generations and is closely related Maritime Region with a sea area of 11,126 Km2 with the culture and history of human (93.79%) and a land area of 736.97 Km2 development. The tangible cultural heritage (6.21%). objects may be in the form buildings or other Most of the land conditions in Sangihe structures that were built to meet the needs of Regency are mountainous and there are even the ancient society. The Sangihe Islands active volcanoes such as Mount Awu on Sangir Regency has several ancient structures in the Besar Island and Submarine Volcano on form of tombs of kings or Sangihe officials in Mahangetang Island which is one of the prima the past as well as houses that were once the donna attractions in this area. The climate in residence of kings or ancient palaces. These this area is influenced by the monsoon and the should be maintained and developed properly dry season around June to August. The type of to attract tourist attention. climate in this area according to Schmit and 2. Natural and Marine Tourism Ferguson is type A (Wet Climate). The next tourism potential is the potential Based on the results of interviews of natural and marine tourism which is an conducted with respondents in the Culture and advantage of the Sangihe Islands Regency. Tourism Office of the Sangihe Islands The Sangihe Islands, surrounded by mountains Regency, it was described that the existing and oceans, are a special attraction for many tourism potentials were divided into three tourists. Particularly with the presence of tourism potentials, namely Cultural Tourism, underwater volcanoes that are highly sought Nature and Maritime Tourism, which are after by tourists. Natural and maritime tourism segmented into one potential because these two is divided into four tourist attraction areas, are highly related for this area, and Nature namely the Tourist Attractions in Kendahe and Reserve Tourism potentials. Tahuna Districts, Nusa Tabukan District, 1. Cultural Tourism Potential Wisata Tatoareng District, and South Cultural tourism in the Sangihe Islands Manganitu District. These districts provides Regency is inherited from one generation to tourists with underwater attractions, including the next and showcases experiences and interesting coral reefs for snorkeling and patterns of human behaviour. There are several diving, beautiful beaches, and also tourist attractions that can be found in this magnificent waterfalls. district. For the activities, there are Tulude 3. Nature Reserve Tourism Potential Traditional Ceremony that are still very thick A nature reserve is a protected area that is with a series of cultural titles from the characterized with rare or endangered plants, community that feature traditional dances up animals, and/or ecosystem. The development of to traditional music games. In a modern way, this kind of area should take place naturally. In ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. http://stp-mataram.e-journal.id/JHI P-ISSN: 2088-4834 E-ISSN : 2685-5534 Vol.9 No.1 Juni 2020 Hospitality 81 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Sangihe Islands Regency, there are several - Policies in pioneering the nature reserves, namely Ngura Lawo Waterfall, development of tourist attraction in Pempanikiang and Sura Waterfall, Mangrove order to encourage the growth of Tourism, Sahendarumang Mountain and Mount tourism destinations and regional Awu. These tourism attraction are evidently development. found to be interesting by many local and - Regional development tourism foreign tourists. destinations to improve quality and The potentials of culture, natural and competitiveness in attracting existing maritime, and nature reserves are transformed market segments and interests. into tourist attractions that can bring in local - Policies for stabilizing regional tourist and foreign tourists. Environmental elements destinations in order to increase consisting of natural resources, human product competitiveness in attracting resources, and artificial resources can also be tourist repeat visits and a wider developed into and utilized as tourist attractions market segment. as well as supporting facilities for the area. c. Development of tourism accessibility, Improving the quality and quantity of which includes: tourism destinations in the Sangihe Islands - Policies for the development and ease Regency that can attract and increase the flow of access and movement of tourists to of domestic and foreign tourists is the main the destination. concern for the tourism stakeholders in the area, - Construction of facilities and particularly the local government. According to infrastructure as well as facilities to respondents, the policy from the government support tourism activities as well as for tourism development in the Sangihe the development of potential tourism archipelago is focused on four aspects, namely objects for various types of tourism tourism destinations, tourism marketing, activities. tourism industry, and tourism institutions. - Policies for improving and 1. Tourist Destination developing the comfort and safety of The government’s tourism destination tourist movements towards tourist development policies are as follow: destinations. a. Regulate the development of tourism - Improvement of public infrastructure, destinations in the Sangihe Islands quality of public facilities, and Regency. This includes tourism facilities that support growth - Policies to carry out development improve the quality and planning with detailed development competitiveness of tourism plans for spatial planning as well as destinations. regulations on the structure and - Development of potential, capacity environment of tourism destinations. and community participation through - Enforcement policy for development tourism development. regulations. Here, the government - Compilation of regulations and monitors the implementation of incentives to encourage the detailed plans for tourism development of small and medium- destinations. sized industries and tourism - Control of the implementation of businesses of micro, small and development that requires increased medium scale enterprises developed coordination between the by local communities in accordance government, regional government, with the provisions of laws and business actors and the community. regulations. b. Development of tourist attraction, which 2. Tourism Marketing are:

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. P-ISSN: 2088-4834 E-ISSN : 2685-5534 http://stp-mataram.e-journal.id/JHI 82 Hospitality Vol.9 No.1 Juni 2020 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Policies related to tourism marketing are as the uniqueness and local characteristics follows: of the Sangihe Islands Regency. a. Tourist market development - Accessibility competitiveness that Policies that focus on the development of develops the capacity and quality of the tourist market are realized in the form transportation services that support the of strengthening the mass tourist market ease of travel of tourists to tourism segment and developing niche market destinations. segments to optimize the development of - Development of tourism business tourism destinations and the dynamics of partnerships. These are policies for the global markets. development of work schemes between b. Tourism image development government, regional government, Policies to enhance and strengthen the business world and society. image of Indonesian tourism in a - Creation of business credibility sustainable manner both the image of Credible and quality management and tourism in the Sangihe Islands Regency tourism business services. and the tourism image of the destination; - Development of environmental and an increase in the image of tourism in responsibility business management the Sangihe Islands Regency as a safe, development money tourism refers to comfortable and competitive tourism the principles of sustainable destination. development, a code of ethics for world c. Development of Tourism Marketing tourism and a green economy. Partnerships 4. Development of Tourism Institutions Realized in the form of developing an a. Strengthening tourism organizations, such integrated, synergic, sustainable and as: sustainable marketing partnership. - Policies to strengthen tourism d. Development of Tourism Promotion organizations in supporting tourism as a Policy for strengthening and expanding the strategic pillar of development in the existence of domestic and foreign tourism Sangihe Islands district. promotions. - Develop and strengthen Tourism 3. Tourism Industry Development Organizations that handle tourism a. Strengthening the structure of the Tourism marketing. industry. Policies for strengthening - Develop and strengthen Tourism functions and hierarchies and relationships Organizations that handle the field of between the links to the formation of the Tourism Destinations. tourism industry to improve b. Tourism Human Resource (HR) competitiveness. Development b. Increasing competitiveness of tourism - Tourism HR at the government level, products policies to increase the capacity and - Regional competitiveness of tourism capability of Tourism HR. destinations for the direction of policies - Tourism HR in the business world and on the quality and diversity of society, where the direction of the businesses in the Regional Tourist policy is to increase the quality and Destination. quantity of Tourism HR. - The competitiveness of tourism c. Organizing research and development facilities with its policy direction for - Increased research-oriented to the capacity building and the functionality development of tourism destinations. and services of tourism facilities that - Research-oriented to the development meet international standards and elevate of tourism marketing

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. http://stp-mataram.e-journal.id/JHI P-ISSN: 2088-4834 E-ISSN : 2685-5534 Vol.9 No.1 Juni 2020 Hospitality 83 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. - Policies for improving research- Moreover, in order to improve the oriented to the development of the sustainable tourism development in the tourism industry. regency, the following SWOT matrix strategy Based on the results of the study that is developed: have been carried out, the SWOT of the 1. S-O Strategy development of tourism in the Sangihe Islands SO Strategy is a strategy that optimizes Regency are as follows: Strength to take advantage of Opportunities. 1. Strengths: - Having a diversity of objects, attractiveness, - Has a variety of objects, attractions and and tourist attractions which are factors up interesting tourist attractions. to now why there is an increasing number of - Diverse adaptive community activities tourists who come here. and the existence of local communities - The diversity of adaptive community in the Sangihe Islands Regency. activities and the existence of the local - People who have applied tourism- culture which includes many arts groups that conscious activities to arriving tourists. appear nationally and outside the city, these 2. Weaknesses: are the reasons why tourists want to come to - Lack of tourist attraction management. the Sangihe Islands Regency. - Facilities and infrastructure, as well as - Development of sustainable tourism is a facilities that are not yet sufficient. very necessary thing so that we start working - Integration between managers, from now on including how tourism policymakers and public attention in awareness activities are applied by the realizing development efforts is still government, the community and lacking. stakeholders. - Community understanding of the 2. W-O Strategy management of tourism objects is not The WO strategy is a strategy that minimizes yet professional. weaknesses by taking advantage of 3. Opportunities opportunities. - The number of traditional arts groups - The low management of tourist attraction that participate in national management and facilities & infrastructure, events/outside the region. as well as facilities which are very - There was an increase in tourist visits, necessary things so that we start working especially domestic tourists from year from now to live a better life going forward. to year. - The integration between managers, policy - Sustainable tourism development is a makers and public attention in realizing very necessary thing to do so that we development efforts is still lacking on the start working from now to live a better other hand, the increasing number of life going forward. tourists coming to the Sangihe Islands 4. Threats Regency continues to increase. - Having high vulnerability to disasters, - Integration between managers, policy earthquakes, floods and tsunamis. makers and public attention in realizing - Development of similar destinations development efforts is still lacking so that around the Sangihe Islands Regency. the need for guidance from the government - Lack of empowerment in maintenance is needed. resulting in easy/fast damage and 3. S-T Strategy poorly maintained development. The ST strategy is a strategy that uses power - The influx of influences from outside to overcome threats and there is an interaction between local - The development of similar destinations communities and tourists. around the Sangihe Islands Regency, however, in this district also has objects,

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The second one is tourism interactions between local communities and marketing where its policies include tourism tourists (global flows) therefore we must image development, marketing partnerships, maintain the diversity of adaptive and promotion development. The third aspect is community activities and the existence of a tourism destination where the policy is about local communities in the Sangihe Islands regional development, development of tourist Regency. destinations, community development through 4. W-T Strategy tourism. And the last aspect is the aspect of The WT strategy is a strategy that minimizes tourism marketing where its policies include weaknesses and avoids threats. tourist market zoning and the development of - Facilitating existing facilities and tourism promotions. infrastructure to support tourism activities as well as facilities that can help determine Suggestions natural conditions because this district has a The researchers advise the Culture and high vulnerability to disasters, earthquakes, Tourism Office of the Sangihe Islands Regency floods and tsunamis. as the government responsible for tourism there - Public understanding of the management of to: tourism objects must be made professional 1. Pay more attention to the tourism potentials in overcoming how to empower them in that can be developed to be better so that maintenance to produce fast damaged and they become superior to be able to compete poorly maintained development. with other regions that have the same potential. Conclusions 2. Pay more attention to the provision and There are several tourism potentials in repair of better access, infrastructure, and the Sangihe Islands Regency, including cultural public facilities. tourism potentials that are rich in customs and 3. Promote vigorously, both outside the city thick in traditions, such as Tulude traditional and also abroad, about the advantages of ceremonies, traditional dances, traditional tourism in the Sangihe Islands Regency so music that is still cultivated in this district. The that it can bring in local and foreign tourists next potential is natural and maritime potential as well as foreign investors. because it is the potential that comes from 4. Pay more attention to and preserve local nature starts from underwater mountains, culture, so that it will not be eroded by waterfalls, and the beauty of underwater parks, cultures from outside into the Sangihe which serves as an advantage that exists in this Islands Regency. district. 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HALAMAN INI SENGAJA DIKOSONGKAN

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