DOCSLIB.ORG

December 2015 GROWTH of the PROVINCIAL ECONOMIES

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
December 2015 GROWTH of the PROVINCIAL ECONOMIES December 2015 GROWTH OF THE PROVINCIAL ECONOMIES By Dr. Hafiz A. Pasha The time for formulation of Provincial Growth Strategies (PGS) has come. These strategies should form the basis for the allocation among sectors of the funds in the respective Annual Development Programs (ADPs). This role of the Provinces in promoting the growth of their respective economies has been greatly facilitated by the passage of the 18th Amendment. This Amendment has led to the abolition of the Concurrent List in the Constitution and the resultant transfer of the large number of functions in this List to the Provinces. Unfortunately, not much is known currently about the size, composition and growth of the Provincial economies. Pakistan, unlike India, does not have a tradition of constructing and maintaining Regional Income Accounts so as to estimate and derive the trends in the Provincial Gross Domestic Products (PGDPs). This has rendered it extremely difficult to engage in meaningful planning at the Provincial level. The Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS), in coordination with the Provincial Bureaus of Statistics, should have undertaken the task of distributing the national GDP into the PGDPs on the basis of allocators for each sector. This has not happened because planning has been very much in the Federal domain under the Planning Commission, Government of Pakistan. The approach now required is a ‘bottom-up’ process whereby Provincial development plans are first prepared and then aggregated into the National Plan. The task for the Federal Planning Commission is to ensure that there is a consistent sectoral and macroeconomic framework to support the Provincial and Federal plans. No part of this publication may be The objective of this report is to present estimates by sector of the PGDPs reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in for the period, 1999-2000 to 2014-15. In the process, there is substantial writing from the Institute for Policy deepening of the knowledge on the economy of Pakistan, especially in Reforms terms of the location of different activities. The report is organized as follows: Section 2 describes the methodology Board of Directors used for constructing the regional income accounts to yield estimate of the PGDPs. Sections 3 and 4 presents the results of the application of Mr. Humayun Akhtar Khan, Chairman the methodology and conclusions derived regarding the relative size, Dr. Hafiz Pasha, Managing Director Mr. Akbar Khan composition and growth of the four Provincial economies. Section 5 Dr. Khalida Ghaus quotes or constructs other indicators of regional growth to judge the Mr. Ashraf M. Hayat, Executive Director consistency of the PGDP estimates. Section 6 asks the question as to whether regional inequality has been increasing or decreasing in Pakistan over the last fifteen years? Section 7 identifies the sub-sectors which can act as potential drivers of growth in each Province. Finally, in Section 8 are presented a summary of the major findings and recommendations. 2. METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATION OF THE PGDPs Board of Advisors The first attempt at estimating by sector the PGDP of the four Provinces is by Bengali and Sadaqat [2001] under the technical guidance of Professor Lt. Gen (R) Sikander Afzal Hafiz Pasha. The estimates are for the period, 1972-73 to 1999-2000. Dr. Manzoor Ahmad Mr. Munawar Baseer This report represents extension of the methodology developed in Ms. Roshan Bharucha this paper. Mr. Shakil Durrani Mr. Hussain Haroon This finalization of the methodology is also based on a comprehensive Dr. Iqrar Ahmad Khan review of literature of papers by Nair [1987] and Tiwari [1971] on India, Mr. Tasneem Noorani Walters [1987] on Australia, Adler [1970] on Canada, Arndt [1973] on Mr. Tariq Parvez Indonesia, Brown and Woodward [1969] on the U.K, Sourroile [1976] on Mr. Salman Raja Indonesia and Graham and Romans [1971] on the USA. Dr. Atta-ur-Rehman Dr. Abid Suleri The methodology essentially involves the identification of appropriate Mr. Abdullah Yousaf Mr. Moeed Yousaf regional allocators of the value added in different sectors/ sub-sectors. The choice depends also on the availability of data. There are three possible approaches including estimation of factor incomes, output or expenditure. Table 1 gives the allocator used for each sub-sector. The total number of sub-sectors is 17. The factor income approach has been adopted for four sectors, the output method for seven sectors and the expenditure approach for the remaining six sub-sectors. Eight sources of data have been used. ii Table 1 Regional Allocators for Different Sectors/Sub-Sectors Sector/Sub-Sector Allocator Data Sources* AGRICULTURE Major Crops Share in Output of major crops PDS, ASYB Minor Crops Share in Output of minor crops PDS,ASYB Livestock Share in Consumption Expenditure HIES Forestry Share in Expenditure on Forest Products HIES Fishing Share in Output PDS,AYSB INDUSTRY Share in Output of Crude Oil, Natural Gas and Mining and Quarrying PDS, EYB Coal Large-Scale Manufacturing Share in Output of 100 industries PDS, PESa Share in Informal Sector Employment in Small-Scale Manufacturing LFS Manufacturing Share in Consumption Expenditure on Livestock Slaughter HIES Products (excluding milk) Shares in electricity generation, electricity Electricity, Gas and Water consumption, gas consumption and canal PDS,EYB,ASYB water withdrawal Construction Income-Adjusted Share in Employment HIES,LFS SERVICES Transport, Storage and Shares in Consumption of POL and number of OCAC,PTA Communications cellular phone subscribers Wholesale, and Retail Trade, Hotels Share in trade margins in marketing of goods HIES, LFS and Restaurants and in employment in hotels and restaurants Finance and Insurance Share in bank advances SBP Ownership of Dwellings Share in actual and imputed rents HIES Public Administration and Defense Income-Adjusted share in employment HIES,LFS Community, Social and Personal Income-Adjusted share in employment HIES,LFS Services a data was only available for selected industries, for other industries data was obtained directly from the Punjab Bureau of Statistics and Pakistan Bureau of Statistics *Punjab Development Statistics, ASYB=Agricultural Statistics Year Book, HIES=Household Integrated Economic Survey, LFS=Labor Force Survey, OCAC=Oil Companies Advisory Committee, PTA=Pakistan Telecommunication Authority, SBP=State Bank of Pakistan, EYB=Energy Yearbook Before presenting the PGDP estimates for the more recent period, the earlier growth patterns by Province are presented in Table 2, as revealed for different epochs by the estimates from Bengali and Sadaqat [2001]. A remarkable empirical regularity is observed. On a long-term basis, over a period of 27 years from 1972-73 to 1999-2000, three Provincial economics of Punjab, Sindh and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa have grown at virtually the same rate of close to 5%. The only Province which has shown a significantly lower growth rate is Balochistan. 1 Table 2 Annual Growth Rate of the Provincial Economies in different Epochs (%) 1973-77 1977-88 1988-1999 1973-1999 (Bhutto) (Zia ul Haq) (BB+NS) Punjab 3.2 6.0 4.4 4.9 Sindh 1.9 7.0 4.1 5.0 Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa 1.1 7.0 4.3 5.0 Baluchistan 2.5 4.9 4.6 4.4 Pakistan 2.5 6.4 4.5 4.9 Source: Bengali and Sadaqat [2001] BB=Benazir Bhutto, NS= Nawaz Sharif There is also another pattern in terms of the impact of business cycles. When the economy is growing fast, as in the Zia ul Haq period, Sindh performs relatively well. In low growth periods, as from 1973 to 77, Punjab manages a somewhat higher growth rate. The question is whether these patterns are also observed in the more recent period? 3. SIZE AND GROWTH OF PROVINCES The respective size of the Provinces in the initial year, 1999-2000, and in the latest year, 2014-15, is given in Table 3. As expected, Punjab is the largest provincial economy with a share of just over 54% in 2014-15. However, the share of this Province has fallen somewhat since 1999-2000. The next economy is that of Sindh with a share of 30% in 2014-15. There has been a modest increase in the share of this Province since 1999-2000. The economy of Khyber-Pakhtunkhawa has a share in the national economy of 13%. It has increased its share significantly since 1999-2000. Balochistan is by far the smallest province, with a declining share. Table 3 SIZE OF THE PROVINCIAL ECONOMIES* (at constant prices of 2005-06,Billion Rs) Share Share Province 1999-2000 2014-15 (%) (%) Punjab 3147.7 55.3 5757.0 54.1 Sindh 1686.7 29.6 3192.5 30.0 Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa 644.2 11.3 1380.9 13.0 Balochistan 214.5 3.8 313.7 2.9 Pakistan 5693.1 100.0 10644.1 100.0 Source: Estimated *Year wise estimates can be made available by IPR on request. 2 Table 4 Share of the Provinces in the National Economy by Sector* 2012-13 (%) Agriculture Industry Services Punjab 62.3 39.8 55.7 Sindh 23.1 42.2 28.9 Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa 10.5 14.2 13.0 Balochistan 4.1 3.8 2.4 Pakistan 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source: Estimated. *Sub-sectoral estimates can be made available by IPR on request. Table 4 presents the sectoral distribution of value added among the Provinces. Punjab dominates in agriculture, with a share of over 62%. It is significant that the industrial sector of Sindh, with a share of 42%, is even larger than that of Punjab. In services, the ranking of size is the same as in agriculture. The shares have been depicted in Chart I. Turning to the growth rates of the Provincial economies, these have been derived for three periods, as follows: Musharraf Period: 1999-2000 to 2007-08 PPP Period: 2008-09 to 2012-13 PML (N) Period: 2013-14 and 2014-15 Table 5 presents the Provincial growth rates in the above periods.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Honour Killing in Sindh Men's and Women's Divergent Accounts
    Honour Killing in Sindh Men's and Women's Divergent Accounts Shahnaz Begum Laghari PhD University of York Women’s Studies March 2016 Abstract The aim of this project is to investigate the phenomenon of honour-related violence, the most extreme form of which is honour killing. The research was conducted in Sindh (one of the four provinces of Pakistan). The main research question is, ‘Are these killings for honour?’ This study was inspired by a need to investigate whether the practice of honour killing in Sindh is still guided by the norm of honour or whether other elements have come to the fore. It is comprised of the experiences of those involved in honour killings through informal, semi- structured, open-ended, in-depth interviews, conducted under the framework of the qualitative method. The aim of my thesis is to apply a feminist perspective in interpreting the data to explore the tradition of honour killing and to let the versions of the affected people be heard. In my research, the women who are accused as karis, having very little redress, are uncertain about their lives; they speak and reveal the motives behind the allegations and killings in the name of honour. The male killers, whom I met inside and outside the jails, justify their act of killing in the name of honour, culture, tradition and religion. Drawing upon interviews with thirteen women and thirteen men, I explore and interpret the data to reveal their childhood, educational, financial and social conditions and the impacts of these on their lives, thoughts and actions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise of Dalit Peasants Kolhi Activism in Lower Sindh
    The Rise of Dalit Peasants Kolhi Activism in Lower Sindh (Original Thesis Title) Kolhi-peasant Activism in Naon Dumbālo, Lower Sindh Creating Space for Marginalised through Multiple Channels Ghulam Hussain Mahesar Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Anthropology ii Islamabad - Pakistan Year 2014 Kolhi-Peasant Activism in Naon Dumbālo, Lower Sindh Creating Space for Marginalised through Multiple Channels Ghulam Hussain Thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, in partial fulfillment of the degree of ‗Master of Philosophy in Anthropology‘ iii Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Anthropology Islamabad - Pakistan Year 2014 Formal declaration I hereby, declare that I have produced the present work by myself and without any aid other than those mentioned herein. Any ideas taken directly or indirectly from third party sources are indicated as such. This work has not been published or submitted to any other examination board in the same or a similar form. Islamabad, 25 March 2014 Mr. Ghulam Hussain Mahesar iv Final Approval of Thesis Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Anthropology Islamabad - Pakistan This is to certify that we have read the thesis submitted by Mr. Ghulam Hussain. It is our judgment that this thesis is of sufficient standard to warrant its acceptance by Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad for the award of the degree of ―MPhil in Anthropology‖. Committee Supervisor: Dr. Waheed Iqbal Chaudhry External Examiner: Full name of external examiner incl. title Incharge: Dr. Waheed Iqbal Chaudhry v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis is the product of cumulative effort of many teachers, scholars, and some institutions, that duly deserve to be acknowledged here.
    [Show full text]
  • White, Rachel. 2020. All This Is for You and Contemporary Uses of Omniscient Narration: Theories and Case Studies
    White, Rachel. 2020. All this is for you and contemporary uses of omniscient narration: theories and case studies. Doctoral thesis, Goldsmiths, University of London [Thesis] https://research.gold.ac.uk/id/eprint/28377/ The version presented here may differ from the published, performed or presented work. Please go to the persistent GRO record above for more information. If you believe that any material held in the repository infringes copyright law, please contact the Repository Team at Goldsmiths, University of London via the following email address: [email protected]. The item will be removed from the repository while any claim is being investigated. For more information, please contact the GRO team: [email protected] All this is for you and Contemporary Uses of Omniscient Narration: Theories and Case Studies Submitted by Rachel White Goldsmiths College, University of London Thesis submitted for the PhD in Creative and Life Writing 1 Declaration of Authorship I, Rachel White, declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. I have clearly stated where I have consulted the work of others. Signed: Date: 2 Acknowledgements I would like to offer my sincere thanks to my creative supervisor, Ardashir Vakil, and my critical supervisor, Jane Desmarais, for their unflagging support and encouragement, and their much-appreciated advice in the writing of this thesis. 3 Abstract This thesis consists of two parts. Part One is the creative writing component, a 62,000 word novel, All this is for you, about Hemu Daswani, immigrant turned wealthy entrepreneur, and his daughter-in-law, Joanna, who between them debate the question, once a person has become rich, what else is there to strive for.
    [Show full text]
  • Socio Economic Baseline Survey (District Tando Allahyar, Matiari, Tando Muhammad Khan and Sujawal, Sindh)
    Socio Economic Baseline Survey (District Tando Allahyar, Matiari, Tando Muhammad Khan and Sujawal, Sindh) May 2017 Socio Economic Baseline Survey under Sindh Union Council and Community Economic Strengthening Support (SUCCESS) Programme May 2017 Authored by: Copyright © National Rural Support Programme - May 2017 All rights reserved, but development organisations which are working in the rural areas specially non-profit organizations working for capacity building can use this material for the benefit of poor rural communities. It is requested that please acknowledge the effort made by NRSP. No parts of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording for the commercial or profit making purpose or otherwise without the written permission of the National Rural Support Programme. Authored by: Apex Consulting Reviewed by: Pervaiz Ahmed (Manager MER (SUCCESS) Programme), Altaf Hussain Nizamani (Communication & Documentation Manager, (SUCCESS) Programme) Supervised by: Ghulam Mustafa Jamro (Regional General Manager, NRSP-Hyderabad) Muhammad Tahir Waqar (Senior Programme Manager, MER-Head Office) Design & Layout: Mansoor Abid National Rural Support Programme Sindh Union Council and Community Economic Strengthening Support (SUCCESS) Programme House No. 96, Defense Housing Society, Phase II, Hyderabad, Pakistan. Ph: 92-22-2720170 “This publication was produced with the financial support of the European Union under the Sindh Union Council and
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report for Karachi Mega Cities Preparation Project
    TA 4578 – PAK: Mega Development Project FINAL REPORT AUGUST 2005 VOLUME 1 FR Main File 1 TA 4578 – PAK: Mega Development Project FR Main File ii TA 4578 – PAK: Mega Development Project CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit = Rupee (PKR) For the purpose of this document, a rate of US$1.00 = 59.730 Rs. has been used, which was the approximate rate at the time of the preparation of the Draft Final Report. GLOSSARY OF TERMS ADB Asian Development Bank ADP Annual Development Program ADF Asian Development Fund ARV Annual rental Value BOO Build Operate Own BOT Build Operate Transfer CBP Capacity Building Programme CCB Citizens Community Boards CDGK City District Government of Karachi CDS City Development Strategy CSP Country Strategy and Program CSPU Country Program and Strategy Update CWS Cities Without Slums DBO Design Build Operate DCO District Coordination Officer DDO Deputy District Officer DFV District Financing Vehicle DO District Officer E&IP Enterprise and Investment Promotion EA Executing Agency EDO Executive District Officer FY Financial Year GDP Gross Domestic Product GIS Geographic Information System GKWSS Greater Karachi Bulk Water Supply Scheme GoS Government of Sindh GRP Regional Product GST General Sales Tax HDI Human Development Index HRD Human Resource Development HRM Human Resource Management IA Implementing Agency IFI International Financing Institution IPP Independent Power Provider IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature JBIC Japan Bank for International Cooperation JETRO Japan External Trade Organization JICA
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of Sindh, an Economic Survey 1843
    The Story of Sindh ( An Economic Survey ) 1843 - 1933 By: Rustom Dinshow Choskey Edited with additional notes by K. Shripaty Sastry Lecturer in History University of Poona The Publication of the Manuscript was financially supported by the Indian Council of Historical Research and the responsibility for the facts stated, opinions expressed or conclusion reached is entirely that of the author and the Indian Council of Historical Research accepts no responsibility for them. Reproduced by Sani H. Panhwar (2015) TO FATIMA in Grateful Acknowledgement For all you have done for me ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Our heartfelt thanks are due to the members of the Choksey family for kindly extending their permission to publish this book. Mr. D. K. Malegamvala, Director and Mr. R. M Lala Executive Officer of The Sir Dorab Tata Trust, Bombay, took keen interest in sanctioning a suitable publication grant for this book. Prof. H. D. Moogat, Head, Department of Mathematics, N. Wadia College, Poona was a guide, and advisor throughout when the book went through editing and printing. We are grateful also to the Indian Council of Historical Research, New Delhi for extending financial support for the publication of this book. Dr. A. R. Kulkarni, Head, Department of History, Poona University was a constant source of inspiration while the book was taking shape. CONTENTS Chapter One - Introduction .. .. .. .. Page - 1 Government and life during the tune of the Mirs – Land revenue and other sources of income - Kinds of seasons, soil and implements - Administration of the districts - Life in the Desert - Advent of the British - Sir Charles Napier in Sindh - His administration, revenue collection, trade, justice etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender Dimensions of Climate Change in Pakistan: Reducing The
    Gender Dimensions of Climate Change in Pakistan: Reducing the Vulnerabilities of Rural Women to Climate Change Effects in the Province of Sindh Mishalle Afzal Kayani Faculty Advisor: Dr. Natalia Mirovitskaya Sanford School of Public Policy Submitted: April, 2017 This project was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Graduate Liberal Studies Program in the Graduate School of Duke University. Copyright by Mishalle Afzal Kayani 2017 Abstract The province of Sindh in Pakistan is predominantly an agriculture-based region which has a large proportion of the population living in rural areas. Here, women play a significant role in agricultural activities and are also held responsible for household activities. Given rigid social structures, the influence of power by elites who exercise control through landholdings and additional cultural and religious restrictions, women in rural Sindh are considered to be amongst the most disenfranchised. Through this paper, I attempt to identify the vulnerabilities of women in rural Sindh to climate change effects and evaluate the gender differences in access to resources, services and facilities. From the analysis conducted, the increase in the burden of responsibilities for women of rural Sindh in combination with the social, economic and cultural barriers, ineffective implementation mechanisms and subsequent structural causes result in exclusion of women from sustainable livelihood management practices. The situation is further exacerbated by the effects of climate change. The paper assesses various policy options and provides recommendations to the Provincial government of Sindh to invest in capacity building schemes and improve agricultural practices through investments in social protection programs, technical and vocational skills.
    [Show full text]
  • Progressive Fiscal Policy for Inclusive Growth By: Dr
    Progressive Fiscal Policy for Inclusive Growth By: Dr. Hafiz A Pasha November 2014 . FISCAL POLICY IS ONE OF THE KEY ELEMENTS ON THE WAY TO ACHIEVE A SOCIALLY JUST, SUSTAINABLE AND DYNAMIC GROWTH MODEL. IT RELATES TO FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS DEFINING THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN PROMOTING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PROVIDING PUBLIC SERVICES TO ITS CITIZENS. IN ORDER TO ADDRESS THE EXISTING SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INEQUALITIES IN PAKISTAN, PROGRESSIVE FISCAL POLICY REFORMS MUST FOCUS ON DIRECT TAXATION OF LAND, PROPERTY AND INCOME. THE ALLOCATION OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURE NEEDS TO PRIORITIZE SOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAMS AS WELL AS SOCIAL SERVICES LIKE EDUCATION AND HEALTH ON THE ONE HAND AND SET INCENTIVES FOR ECONOMIC SECTORS WITH HIGH EMPLOYMENT POTENTIALS ON THE OTHER. BEYOND THE POLICY CHALLENGES, THIS STUDY ANALYZES THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF FISCAL POLICY IN THE CURRENT CONTEXT OF PAKISTAN. GIVEN THE PREVAILING POWER STRUCTURES, IT HIGHLIGHTS A NUMBER OF RECOMMENDATIONS HOW TO IMPLEMENT A MORE PROGRESSIVE TAXATION POLICY. BASED ON EXTENSIVE RESEARCH AND DISCUSSIONS, THE AUTHOR ALSO PROPOSES AN ALTERNATIVE MEDIUM TERM BUDGET STRATEGY, BOTH ON THE REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE SIDE. Dr. HAFIZ A PASHA | PROGRESSIVE FISCAL POLICY FOR INCLUSIVE GROWTH ACRONYMS • ABS Annual Budget Statement • ACGR Annual Compound Growth • ADP Annual Development Program • ADT Avoidance of Double Taxation • AIT Agricultural Income Tax • AJ&K Azad Jammu and Kashmir • AOPs Association of Persons • APTMA All Pakistan Textile Mills Association • BISP Benazir Income Support Program • BOR
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan: Sindh Secondary Education Improvement Project
    Sindh Secondary Education Improvement Project (RRP PAK 51126-002) ECONOMIC ANALYSIS A. Macroeconomic and Sector Context 1. Pakistan’s economy grew at an average annual rate of 4.7% for the period fiscal year (FY) 2014−2018 but fell to 3.3% in FY2019 due to macroeconomic adjustment policies.1 The country is implementing a structural reform program, which has contributed to higher growth and lower fiscal deficits. During FY2008-FY2017, the economy of Sindh Province grew at an annual average rate of 3.7%.2 This growth rate was lower than that of the national economy, partly because of natural disasters, including flooding during 2010–2012. However, economic growth accelerated to 5.3% in FY2017. Sindh has the largest industry sector in the country and the second-largest agriculture and services sectors. The province’s industry sector accounted for more than 42% of the national total and 29% of provincial gross domestic product (GDP) in FY2017. Karachi is the country’s financial capital and its largest port. In FY2017, Sindh’s GDP per capita was about $1,800. 2. Despite improved economic conditions, education spending in Pakistan fluctuated between only 2.0% and 2.8% of GDP during 2004–2017.3 This is well below the government’s commitment to spend 4.0% of GDP on the sector. Pakistan spends a much lower proportion of its gross national product on education compared with other lower middle-income and even low- income countries.4 Education spending in Sindh is estimated to be less than 1.5% of provincial GDP.5 Although its Human Development Index rankings have improved, Pakistan’s education indicators remain low.6 About 43% of the population (age 15+) is illiterate and there are wide discrepancies across provinces.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate-Smart Agriculture for Disaster Risk Reduction in Sindh, Pakistan
    Climate-Smart Agriculture for Disaster Risk Reduction in Sindh, Pakistan Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) highlights •P Agriculture is the backbone of Sindh’s economy and A• Of the prioritised CSA practices the highest scoring $ a significant employer, with 80 per cent of the rural M were those which built resilience within the sector population involved in the sector, hence contributing P to climate shocks and extreme events. Water saving to rural livelihoods while safeguarding household D techniques of laser land levelling, alternate wetting and national food security. and drying, mulching and drip irrigation scored highly along with drought, heat, salinity and pest A• Low agriculture productivity in Sindh is linked tolerant varieties. D directly with the supply of irrigation water from the Indus River. While most crop production takes A• The high prevalence of pest and disease attacks P place on irrigated lands in the plain areas of the P and their severe impact on production were I Indus River basin, yields of most crops are below D identified as an ongoing and worsening hazard. international standards, both in terms of land and Proposed practices of integrated pest management, water productivity. biocontrol agents and crop rotation were promoted in response. •A Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of hydro-meteorological hazards within the D A• Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) combined with province, specifically floods and drought, which M community-based disaster risk reduction (DRR) have led to salinity, waterlogging and further crop measures present opportunities to mitigate the P loss. Repeated disasters have a severe long-term risks of natural hazards and extreme events whilst D impact on livelihoods and food security, as well as simultaneously promoting production gains and contributing to reversing gains in alleviating poverty, resource use efficiency, in both hazard and non- agricultural development and in reducing hunger.
    [Show full text]
  • Investment Trends in Hyderabad, Pakistan
    Investment Trends in Hyderabad, Pakistan Vishnu Parmar* and Dr. Amanat Ali Jalbani SZABIST Karachi, Pakistan Abstract: has been gathered through the personal interviews based The investment trend in Pakistan fluctuated from province on semi-structured questionnaires. Following groups of to province, urban to rural, and urban to urban. Small respondents have provided the data / information for the cities of yesteryears have emerged as big cities like study: owners/heads of the manufacturing units/business Gujranwala, Gujrat, Sialkot, Multan, Rawalpindi, and community, politicians, academics, and officials from Faisalabad, while some major centers of trade and Hyderabad Chamber of Commerce. business in the past like Thatta, Bhanbhore, Shikarpur, Khairpur, and Hyderabad have ruined. Hyderabad, the Various government publications, research journals, second largest city of the province and sixth in the country magazines, reports, and Internet sources have been used had flourished in Large Scale Manufacturing until 1980s. for secondary data. Today, the city is loosing its glorious past, the existing units are converting into sick, and the new investment is 2. INDUSTRIALIZATION IN PAKISTAN stagnant. This research paper focuses on the investment trends in Hyderabad, and identifies some causes and Pakistan’s industrial and economic growth performance up consequences of the trend. to late 1960’s was phenomenal. From 1947 till 1958, the country managed the growth rate of GDP over 3% in the 1. INTRODUCTION early years, and 23.6% in large scale manufacturing in the later years. It remained up to 9.3% until 1960. During the 1.1 An Overview of Industrialization in Pakistan Ayub regime (1958-1968), agriculture grew at a respectable rate of 4.1%, manufacturing at 9.1%, and trade Pakistan, the only nuclear state in the Muslim World is by 7.3%.
    [Show full text]
  • Government of Sindh Disaster and Climate
    GOVERNMENT OF SINDH Irrigation Department and Provincial Disaster Management Authority DISASTER AND CLIMATE RESILIENCE ENHANCEMENT PROJECT (DACREP) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK AND RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK (ESMF/RPF) January 2016 ASSOCIATED CONSULTING ENGINEERS–ACE (PVT) LTD Regional Office (South) Bunglow Nr. B-25/25, Maqboolabad Cooperative Housing Society Block-7&8, Karachi – 75350, Pakistan Phone Nr. (92-21) 34531171, 34531172, 34531173, Fax (92-21) 34531174 Email Address: [email protected]; [email protected] Web: www.acepakistan.com Disaster and Climate Resilience Enhancement Project Environmental and Social Management Framework and Resettlement Policy Framework DOCUMENT ISSUE AND REVISION RECORD This document and its contents have been prepared and are intended solely for the Government of Sindh, Irrigation Department information and use in relation to the DISASTER AND CLIMATE RESILIENCE ENHANCEMENT PROJECT (DACREP). The assumes no responsibility to any other party in respect of or arising out of or in connection with this document and/or its contents. Document History: Job Number: JB 083-S-EN Project: Environment Assessment of Disaster and Climate Resilience Enhancement Project (DACREP) Client: Government of Sindh, Irrigation Department Consultants: Associated Consulting Engineers–ACE (Pvt.) Ltd Document Ref: 01 Document Title: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK AND RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK (ESMF/RPF) Revision Purpose Description Originated Checked Review Authorized Date 0 Draft for Client Review S.M. Kakar M. Ibrahim M. Ibrahim M. Ibrahim 02-12-15 Samoon Samoon Samoon 01 Revised in the light of WB S.M. Kakar M. Ibrahim M. Ibrahim M. Ibrahim 18-12-15 Comments Samoon Samoon Samoon 02 Revised in the light of WB S.M.
    [Show full text]