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11-M. Qasim Sodhar & Bushra Panhwar Kalachi Research Journal à s Kalachi Research Journal à s Muhammad Qasim Sodhar cially from 812 0.D when 0rabs aacked on Sindh in order to control the Bushra Qayyum Panhwar economy of Sindh. Likewise, aer this aack, history is witnessed of many Migration to Sindh: It’s effects on Political occupants came in Sindh. However, if we avoid going through the long history Economy & Demography of Sindh of Sindh back, but just look over the history of Sindh before paron, we will also -nd Balouch and Punjabi migraon to Sindh. Balouch migrated to Sindh Abstract: in a huge number even laer they ruled Sindh, but there were no such ethnic This paper aims to trace a picture of Sindh aer the construcon of con*icts between indigenous Sindhis and Baloch immigrants, because on one irrigaon sources especially the construcon of Sukkur and Guddu barrages hand, they kept their own Baloch ethnic identy with them, and at the same r 426 r which aracted Punjabi migrants. The major focus of this ipaper is the migra me they also accepted Sindhi identy. i on of Urdu speaking populaon from India aer the parona of India, and to Balouch constructed a new ethnicity as =Sindhi aBalouch( and started see how much indigenous Sindhi populaon was a$ecteh d economically and living with indigenous Sindhi populaon peacefully. Buth on the other hand, demographically because of these refugees emigraonC . This paper shows, Punjabis did not assimilate themselves in Sindhi society.C Balouch not only ac whether Punjabi and Urdu speaking migrants contribu ted for the progress of i cepted and adopted Sindhi identy but they ownedi the interests of Sindh. But Sindh or they kept themselves aloof from the maera of prosperity of Sindh& with the passage of me, they went beyond aconstrucvist approach and This paper will also deal this issue opposite int Balouch emigrants( case that proved themselves as sons and daughters of thet soil. But on the other hand, what were causes which restricted Urdu speakingi emigrants to assimilate in the Punjabi migrants not only kept themselvesi aloof from Sindh cause, but a Sindhi society& h huge majority of emigrant Punjabis, served theirh economic interests only. This B was a main reason which created a ri betweenB indigenous Sindhi populaon Introducon f and Punjabi immigrants. f : i i The Punjabi immigraon took place during Brish rule in Sindh. 0s Migraon from one area to othert remained a main cause of ethnic t Sarah 0nsari writes1 2Sindh(s main assets, from the Brish point of view, were con*icts in di$erent countries of thea World. The ethnic issues prevailing in a two folds: what it had o$er in terms of communicaons and water supply. Palesne, Burma, and Sindh of PakistanL are e,amples of these ethnic ris. The L The Brish, concerned to make the province pay its own way, set about trying main cause behind these ethnic con*icts is to achieve more and more eco l to increase both, e,panding thel amount of tra?c, and trade, which crossed nomic bene-ts for a parcular ethnic community or ethno naonality. In this u Sindh as well as the reliability uof its irrigaon resources. These twin objecves regard Tari. Rehman .uong Tahir 0min writes1 20min used modern theories d resulted in a spate of railwayd building and new irrigaon iniaves from the of ethnicity to e,plain that ethno naonal movements are the products of the 436 b 416 end of nineteenth century.3b Due to these developments new immigrants demand for a just share in goods and services in a modern state.3 4A6 A were aracted which resultsA a great numbers of emigrants in Sindh. Brish In this regard, Sindh has been remaining a shining e,ample, because authories also granted land to military pensioners from the Punjab. 456 it is Sindh which has been e,periencing refugees( problem and ethnic ris for h The Brish authoriesh were more inclined toward Punjabis than Sin a long me period. Sindh has been facing many invasions and aacks from a dhis, and they had aown e,planaon in this regard. Brish opinion in this case outsiders like 0rabs, Tarkhan, Mughal, 0rgoons, and Brish and before and h can be perceivedh in Sarah 0nsari(s words1 2Punjabis tended to be seen by the also aer the paron, in*u, from West Punjab and India. S Brish as skilledS and industrious workers, who would make e?cient culva Migraon to Sindh before the paron of India tors, in contrast to Sindhi Camindars and haris who were perceived, in Brish 4D6 0s menoned in introducon that Sindh has been facing problems of eyes, to be overwhelmingly =laCy( and so essenally unproducve.3 Like Sin outsiders7refugees for long me period. The history of Sindh dates back espe dhis, Punjabis were also dependent more on agriculture than business and 7 8 Kalachi Research Journal à s Kalachi Research Journal à s trade etc. this was a main reason which aracted Punjabis to sele in rural in Hyderabad district and 81 percent in Sakhar. In Marachi, there were only areas of Sindh aer construcon of irrigaon facilies in the region. 0er the 1A.28 percent speakers of Sindhi in 1951 as opposed to 58.8 percent who construcon of new barrages in Sindh, Punjabis in numbers of thousands mi spoke Urdu as their mother tongue. Thus, Marachi overnight became a mo grated to Sindh and the especially seled in districts of Eawabshah, hajir city.3 4116 In this regard also another argument can be traced from Tari. Tharparkar, Hyderabad, Badin, Thaa and Sukkur. 486 The Punjabi in*u, was Rahman(s point of view that1 2In the whole of Pakistan, refugees formed 9.8 resisted before and aer construcon of Sukkur Barrage in 1930 by Sindhi per cent of the populaon, but in Sindh and Mhairpur state they formed 11.8 landlords who feared an invasion of Punjabi peasant proprietors. 486 per cent of the populaon.3 4126 r Before and during paron period, there were r riots on religious i i Refugee influx aer the paron: grounds going on but it was only Sindh where such kinds of riots were nomi a nal. In spite of that aer Punjab, the larger number of refugeesa was seled in The refugee issues were not new for Sindh ath the me of paron, Sindh, which created ethnic con*icts in Sindh. 4136 The hmain reasons of these but this migraon was .uite di$erent from those took place earlier. Iirst res con*icts were complete alien ness of two cultures. In Punjab the case was ervaon on this migraon is that there was no menoC n of migraon from C .uite di$erent where migrants came from East Punjab with same language, India to Pakistan vice versa other than between Easi t and West Punjab, in any i a culture and norms. Nn the other hand, in Sindh,a it was .uite di$erent than agreement or plan like 3rd June plane etc. t Punjab. There were clear cultural and social di$eret nces between immigrants Despite without any agreement regardingi migraon, in the aer and host Sindhis. 41A6 There was also a maeri of superiority comple, in the math of Hindu Muslim communal violence, theh e,odus of Muslim populaon minds of new immigrants which also led con*ictsh between indigenous popula from UP and Bihar 4Mohajirs6 was forcedB to migrate to West Pakistan and on and migrants. B sele over the evacuee property of the fSindhi Hindus who were supposed to In this regards S. 0kbar Oaidi pointsf out1 2Ior the refugees, Sindh was leave Sindh and sele in India. 0lthough,i the large number of migrants was always a backward underdeveloped parti of the country, having nothing to do seled in Punjab, and a smaller numbert as compare to selers in Punjab t a with the more sophiscated urban culturea which they represented. The supe seled in Sindh. But, this migraon a$ected Sindh more than Punjab as Sarah rior and haughty aPtude of the refugees was 4and sll is6 a persistent a$ront 0nsari argues that: 2The number Lof refugees arriving in Sindh was certainly 4156 L to the Sindhis.3 small than in the Punjab, but thel total was large relave to e,isng populaon l of the province.3 496 Sindh becauseu of availability of natural resources was eco u nomically rich. This was a maind cause which had been aracted migrants from The bale of resources ond ethnic grounds: di$erent areas. These migrantsb whether they are Punjabis, Pathans, Balouchs The refugees wereb more bene-ted in Sindh as compare to Sindhis. or Urdu speakers, all had been aracted by economic opportunies available There were mulple reasons behind this kind of deprivaon of Sindhi popula in Sindh. 0s Charles H. AMenedy points out that 2They have been aracted by on. The one and most Aimportant aspect is that1 Mohajirs were more educat economic opportunies,h both the commercial lure of Marachi and the availa ed than indigenous Sindhis.h This can be observed in the -gures of literacy rate bility of relavely cheap land in newly irrigated areas bordering on Punjab and in earlier period of 1950s. The Urdu speaking migrants( literacy rate was 23.A 4106 a a Balochistan.3 per cent, whereas the literary rate of whole Sindh on other hand was only h 41D6 h RefugeesS from India changed the demographic locaon of Sindh es 13.2 per cent. S 0s with some di$erence in numbers it is noted by Charles H.
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