DOCSLIB.ORG

19 Spatial Distribution of Nematode Population

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
19 Spatial Distribution of Nematode Population SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF NEMATODE POPULATION DENSITIES AND NEMATODE DAMAGE IN ROOTS OF THREE BANANA CULTIVARS IN UGANDA H. A. L. Talwana,1 P. R. Speijer,1 and D. De Waele2 International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), East and Southern Africa Regional Center (ES- ARC), Namulonge, P. O. Box 7878 Kampala, Uganda,1 and Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improve- ment, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 92, 3001 Heverlee, and Belgium.2 ABSTRACT Talwana, H. A. L., P. R. Speijer, and D. De Waele. 2000. Spatial distribution of nematode population densities and nematode damage in roots of three banana cultivars in Uganda. Nematropica 30:19-31. The spatial distribution of nematode populations and damage in roots of Nabusa (Musa AAA- group ‘Matooke’), Pisang Awak (Musa ABB) and Sukali Ndizi (Musa AB) three banana cultivars wide- ly grown in Uganda, was investigated at three locations, each with a distinctive nematode population and composition. At Namulonge, central Uganda, where Radopholus similis was the dominant nema- tode species, and at Ntungamo, southwestern Uganda, where Pratylenchus goodeyi was the dominant species, suckers were removed from established mats and assessed for nematode reproduction and damage. At Namulonge, Ntungamo, and Mbarara, southwestern Uganda, where R. similis and P. good- eyi coexist, suckers removed three months after planting were assessed for nematode reproduction and damage. Nematode population density distribution along the primary roots was observed to be random for both plant types of the three cultivars at all locations. An exception was recorded for three-month-old sucker-derived plants of all three cultivars at Mbarara, where higher P. goodeyi den- sities were recorded closer to the corm. Nematode densities in primary roots, secondary roots, and root tips were generally not significantly different for both plant types of a single cultivar except for three month old sucker-derived Pisang Awak plants at Ntungamo where higher Meloidogyne spp. den- sities were observed in the root tips. Consistently, nematode damage (root necrosis) was higher (P < 0.05) close to the corm than further along the primary roots, regardless of cultivar and location. Key words: East African highland bananas, Helicotylenchus multicinctus, Meloidogyne spp., nematode dam- age, Pratylenchus goodeyi, Radopholus similis, root necrosis, spatial distribution. RESUMEN Talwana, H. A. L., P. R. Speijer y D. De Waele. 2000. Distribución espacial de las densidades de ne- matodos y daño a raíces en tres variedades de banano en Uganda. Nematrópica 30:19-31. La distribución espacial de poblaciones de nematodos y el daño a las raíces en tres variedades de banano en Uganda; Nabusa (Musa AAA-grupo ‘Matooke’), Pisang Awak (Musa ABB) y Sukali Ndizi (Musa AB), fueron investigadas en tres localidades, cada una con una población y composición de nematodo distintiva. En Namulonge, Uganda central, donde Radopholus similis fue la especie de nem- atodo dominante, y en Ntungamo, suroeste de Uganda, donde lo fue Pratylenchus goodeyi, los hijos de plantaciones establecidas, fueron removidos y evaluados en cuanto a reproducción y daño de nem- atodo. En Namulonge, Ntungamo, y Mbarara, suroeste de Uganda, donde R. similis and P. goodeyi co- existen, los vástagos removidos tres meses después del plantío, también fueron evaluados para reproducción y daño de nematodos. La distribución de la densidad poblacional de nematodo a lo largo de las raíces primarias fue al azar, para ambos tipos de plantas, en las tres variedades y en todas las localidades. Una excepción se reportó con las plantas derivadas de los hijos de tres meses, en las tres variedades, en Mbarara, donde las mayores densidades de P. goodeyi fueron reportadas cerca del bulbo. Las densidades de nematodos en las raíces primarias, secundarias y en las puntas, general- mente no fueron diferentes para ambos tipos de plantas en una misma variedad, con la excepción de las plantas de Pisang Awak, derivadas de hijos de tres meses, en Ntungamo, donde las mayores den- 19 20 NEMATROPICA Vol. 30, No. 1, 2000 sidades poblacionales de Meloidogyne spp., fueron observadas en las puntas de la raíz. En forma con- sistente, el daño de los nematodos (necrosis de la raíz), fue significativamente mayor (P < 0.05) cerca del bulbo que más hacia las raíces primarias, independientemente de la variedad y la localización. Palabras claves: bananos del altiplano de Africa del este, daño de nematodo, distribución espacial, He- licotylenchus multicinctus, Meloidogyne spp., necrosis radical, Pratylenchus goodeyi, Radopholus similis. INTRODUCTION weaken plant anchorage. Nematode dam- age to bananas is associated with a reduc- Uganda is Africa’s leading producer and tion in bunch weight, loss of bunches due consumer of bananas with a daily per cap- to plant toppling, increase in crop cycle ita consumption ranging from 2.0 to 4.5 kg duration and decrease in plantation lon- (Rubaihayo and Gold, 1993). Eighty-five gevity (Gowen and Quénéhervé, 1990). percent of the bananas grown in Uganda are Nematode related yield losses in East Afri- East African highland bananas (Musa spp. can highland bananas may range from AAA-group); the other bananas belong 30% (Speijer et al., 1999a) to 50% (Speijer mainly to either the AB or ABB genome and Kajumba, 1996). groups (Karamura and Karamura, 1994). The most important and widespread Pisang Awak (local name: Kayinja), a brew- plant parasitic nematode species in Ugan- ing banana, is a commonly grown rep- da are Radopholus similis Cobb, Pratylenchus resentative of the ABB-group in Uganda goodeyi Sher and Allen, Helicotylenchus multi- while a commonly grown representative of cinctus (Cobb) Golden and Meloidogyne the AB-group is the dessert banana Sukali spp. (Bridge, 1988; Kashaija et al., 1994). Ndizi (Karamura and Karamura, 1994). Their distributions are influenced by alti- They are grown between elevations 890 to tude, with R. similis being dominant at low- 2 400 m. (Speijer et al., 1994). er altitudes (<1 400 m) and P. goodeyi being Banana production in Uganda has the dominant species at higher altitudes shown a steady decline per unit land area (>1 400 m). Helicotylenchus multicinctus and during recent years (Rubaihayo and Gold, Meloidogyne spp. are found at all altitudes 1993). The major constraints to banana although there may be higher population production in Uganda are pests, particu- densities of these nematodes at lower alti- larly weevils and nematodes (Gold et al., tudes (Elsen et al., 1998; Speijer et al., 1994). 1993; Speijer et al., 1994), diseases, espe- It is likely that nematode damage to the cially Black Sigatoka leaf spot (Vuylsteke base of the primary roots causes the great- and Swennen, 1988), declining soil fertility est damage to the plant, because this and frequent droughts (Karamura, 1993). would affect the entire root. Little is Plant parasitic nematodes have only known about nematode distribution and recently been recognized as serious pests feeding within the rhizosphere. Where of East African highland bananas (Bridge, exactly in the root system do nematodes 1988; Sarah, 1989; Kashaija et al., 1994) feed? Is there a difference in nematode and there are many questions about their population growth in different root parts precise role in declining banana productiv- and is that difference cultivar dependent? ity. Nematode infection of root tissues is Do the differences in root development known to impair absorption and transpor- observed among Musa genotypes (Swen- tation of water and nutrients and to nen et al., 1986) affect nematode repro- NEMATROPICA Vol. 30, No. 1, 2000 21 duction and their feeding? Necrosis may to three genome groups were included in be observed at the root base, along the pri- the study: Nabusa (East African highland mary roots and on the secondary roots. AAA-group), Pisang Awak (ABB-group) The site of infection may vary with nema- and Sukali Ndizi (AB-group). Two experi- tode species but generally, different spe- ments were conducted. In the first experi- cies may be found in a single root (Gowen ment, sword suckers detached from and Quénéhervé, 1990). established mats were examined, while in The objective of the present study was the second experiment, three month old to investigate the spatial distribution of the sucker derived plants were examined. different nematode species and the dam- Evaluation of sword suckers of established age they cause in three banana cultivars mats. The experiment was conducted at widely grown in Uganda; Nabusa, Pisang Namulonge and Ntungamo. The trial sam- Awak and Sukali Ndizi, representing AAA- pled at Namulonge was established in June (East African highland), ABB-, and AB- 1994 to assess the production loss caused groups, respectively. Nabusa (AAA-EA) is by nematodes on three different banana one of the commonly grown cultivars in cultivars of Nabusa, Pisang Awak, and Uganda for cooking purposes, Pisang Awak Sukali Ndizi and the extent of damage on is popular among farmers for manufacture the different cultivars. All planting material of beer, and Sukali Ndizi is the most widely was pared, selected for absence of weevil grown dessert banana (Karamura and damage and disinfected for 20 minutes in Karamura, 1994) and there are differences hot water at 53°C to 55°C (Colbran 1967). in host response of these cultivars to R. The material was then planted in polyethyl- similis and H. multicinctus infection in con- ene bags, with one half of the plants trolled experiments and in farmers’ fields infested with 93 g of banana root segments in Uganda (Speijer et al., 1999b, Elsen et containing approximately 16 368 P. goodeyi, al., 1998). When information on the spatial 6 603 R. similis and 83 421 H. multicinctus nematode distribution and damage is avail- and the other half not infested. Plants were able, an understanding may be had about left in the polyethylene bags for one month the role of nematodes in production loss in to allow for effective infestation of the East African highland bananas at the root material.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Caracterización Reológica De Almidón Y Evaluación Morfológica De 20
    Agroindustria y Ciencia de los Alimentos / Agroindustry and Food Science Acta Agron. (2016) 65 (3) p 218-225 ISSN 0120-2812 | e-ISSN 2323-0118 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/acag.v65n3.48029 Caracterización reológica de almidón y evaluación morfológica de 20 variedades de musáceas (Musa sp.), del banco de germoplasma Fedeplátano, Chinchiná - Caldas, Colombia Starch rheological characterization and morphological evaluation of 20 varieties of Musaceae (Musa sp.), from Fedeplatano Germplasm Bank, Chinchiná - Caldas, Colombia Juan Carlos Lucas Aguirre* y Víctor Dumar Quintero Castaño Facultad de Ciencias Agroindustriales, Programa Ingeniería de Alimentos. Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Quindío. *Autor para correspondencia: [email protected] Rec.:28.12.2014 Acep.: 26.05.2015 Resumen Se caracterizaron veinte variedades de musáceas de diferente composición genética del banco de germoplasma de Fedeplátano (AA, AAA, AAB, ABB, AAAA y AAAB). La caracterización incluyó propiedades físicas como peso, diámetro, longitud, materia seca y porcentaje de cáscara del fruto y propiedades funcionales de almidones (cur- vas de empastamiento). Las variedades Cachaco Pelipita, Fougamou, Kelong Mekintu y SH-3436-9 presentaron porcentajes de materia seca superiores al 35% lo cual indica que estas variedades serian de gran importancia para el sector de las frituras ya que al contener menos agua el proceso se agilizara incrementando el rendimiento y disminuyendo la absorción de aceite. Las variedades que presentaron mejores comportamientos frente a las propiedades de viscosidad máxima, breakdown, facilidad de cocción y consistencia fueron FHIA-23, Guineo Enano, Banano Gran Enano, Pompo Comino, lo cual indica que estas variedades tenían gran capacidad para resistir los procesos de retrogradación y la sinéresis.
    [Show full text]
  • Banana in Uganda an Overview of Progress and Adoption Forecast
    Status of Research on GM Banana in Uganda An overview of progress and adoption forecast Wilberforce.K. Tushemereirwe Director of Research National Agricultural Research Laboratories National Agricultural Research Organization, Uganda Background Tunisia Morocco Algeria Tunisia N Li bya EGY PT Morocco Location of UgandaW estern S ahara Algeria N Mauritania Li bya EGY PT Western S ahara Mali Ni ger Eritrea SenegMaal uritania Chad The Gam bia MBaulriki na Sudan Guinea-B issau Ni ger Dj ibouti Guinea Eritrea Somal ia Senegal Chad Benin Ethi opia Sierra Leone Ni geria The Gam bia Ghana Togo Tunisia Cote B ivoireBurki na Sudan Guinea-B issau Li beri a Central A frican Republic Dj ibouti Guinea Morocco Somal ia Cam eroon Somal a Benin Ethi opia Sierra Leone Ni geria Togo Algeria Cote B ivoire Ghana Li beri a Central A frican Republic N Li bya Equatorial Guinea EGY PT Uganda Kakir a Entebbe Kenya Cam eroon # Somal a Western S ahara Gabon # Congo L. V ictor ia Rwanda Equatorial Guinea Uganda Zaire Kakir a Mauritania BurunEntedbbei # Kenya Gabon # L. V ictor ia Mali Congo Tanzania Ni ger Rwanda Zaire Burundi Eritrea Senegal Chad The Gam bia Tanzania Burki na Sudan Guinea-B issau Dj ibouti Guinea Malawi Somal ia Benin Angola Ethi opia Sierra Leone Ni geria Togo Cote B ivoire Ghana Li beri a Central A frican Republic Zambia Malawi Angola Cam eroon Somal a Zambia Mozam ique Zimbabwe Equatorial Guinea Uganda Kakir a Entebbe # Kenya Gabon # Mozam ique Madagascar L. V ictor ia Congo Zimbabwe BotswRawnanada Nam ibia Madagascar Zaire Burundi Botswana Nam ibia Tanzania Swazl and Swazl and Lesotho South Africa Malawi Angola Lesotho South Africa Zambia Mozam ique Zimbabwe Madagascar Botswana Nam ibia Swazl and 0 3000 Kilometers 0 Lesotho 3000 Kilometers SSuuddaann South Africa CCoonnggoo ( (DDRR)) 0 3000 Kilometers Sudan Uganda LLaakkee V Vicictotoriraia UganKakdiraa #Kak ira Entebbe # Kenya Ent#ebbe Kenya Uganda Congo (DR) # Uganda L.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Sigatoka Nematode and Banana Weevil Tolerant 'Matooke'
    CULTIVAR AND GERMPLASM RELEASES HORTSCIENCE 50(4):621–623. 2015. 2003). Using the youngest leaf with spots and the number of standing leaves at flowering as indicators of resistance (Craenen, 1998), ‘Kiwangaazi’ (syn ‘KABANA 6H’) ‘Kiwangaazi’ produces more leaves than the local variety ‘Mbwazirume’ (Table 3) and the Black Sigatoka Nematode and Banana symptoms of black Sigatoka are observed on older leaves subsequently availing more pho- Weevil Tolerant ‘Matooke’ Hybrid tosynthetic leaf area to allow proper fruit filling. This may partially explain the high yield potential of ‘Kiwangaazi’ as indicated Banana Released in Uganda by bunch weight (Table 3). Bunch weight is Kephas Nowakunda, Alex Barekye, Reuben T. Ssali1, one of the most important criteria used by Josephine Namaganda, Wilberforce K. Tushemereirwe, farmers to select cultivars they want to grow (Akankwasa et al., 2013; Melinda et al., Gertrude Nabulya, Rockefeller Erima, Kenneth Akankwasa, 2007). and Edison Hilman We have previously reported ‘Kiwangaazi’ National Agricultural Research Laboratories, Kawanda, P.O. Box 7065, as a tall cultivar (plant height > 3 m), which Kampala, Uganda takes longer for the fruits to mature (about 4 months for fruit filling) (Ssali et al., 2010). Micheal Batte Tall banana varieties are usually susceptible International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Uganda), P.O. Box to breakage by wind but ‘Kiwangaazi’ is 7878, Kampala, Uganda protected by its wider girth (>50 cm—at 1 m height). Deborah Karamura The results of the assessment of the most Bioversity International-Uganda, Katalima Road, Plot 106 Naguru, P.O. Box promising hybrids’ reaction to the banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus, Germar), the 24384, Kampala, Uganda most elusive banana pest in Uganda (Gold Additional index words.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional and Medicinal Uses of Banana
    ISSN 2278- 4136 ZDB-Number: 2668735-5 IC Journal No: 8192 Volume 1 Issue 3 Online Available at www.phytojournal.com Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Traditional and Medicinal Uses of Banana K. P. Sampath Kumar1*, Debjit Bhowmik2, S. Duraivel3, M. Umadevi4 1. Department of pharmaceutical sciences, Coimbatore medical college, Coimbatore, India. 2. Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. [E-mail: [email protected]] 3. Nimra College of Pharmacy, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India. 4. Centre for Plant breading and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India. Banana is the common name for herbaceous plants of the genus Musa and for the fruit they produce. It is one of the oldest cultivated plants. All parts of the banana plant have medicinal applications: the flowers in bronchitis and dysentery and on ulcers; cooked flowers are given to diabetics; the astringent plant sap in cases of hysteria, epilepsy, leprosy, fevers, hemorrhages, acute dysentery and diarrhea, and it is applied on hemorrhoids, insect and other stings and bites; young leaves are placed as poultices on burns and other skin afflictions; the astringent ashes of the unripe peel and of the leaves are taken in dysentery and diarrhea and used for treating malignant ulcers; the roots are administered in digestive disorders, dysentery and other ailments; banana seed mucilage is given in cases of diarrhea in India. Antifungal and antibiotic principles are found in the peel and pulp of fully ripe bananas. The antibiotic acts against Mycobacteria. A fungicide in the peel and pulp of green fruits is active against a fungus disease of tomato plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Somaclonal Selections in Musa Improvement Agustin B
    Somaclonal selections in Musa improvement Agustin B. Molina, Chi Ping Chao, Yi Ganjun Taiwan Banana Research Institute In-vitro mass propagation technology used to mitigate typhoon damage and Disease epidemics Annual cropping of TC Cavendish, in Foc infested fields provided an opportunity for farmer-participatory selection of resistant & agronomically accepted Cavendish as a result of somaclonal variantion caused by Tissue Culture Pictures by S. C. Hwang 2 G G G G G Seedling Orders Fruit Cooperative Quantity Tissue Culture Center Taiwan Banana Research Institute Seedling Production Nursery Nursery Nursery Nursery G G G G G G G G G G G G Tissue Culture Plantlets Extension System Taiwan Development of tissue culture technology for mass propagation of disease-free planting material in 1983. Screenhouse Foundation Stock Tissue cutlture micropropagation TC incubation room Newly planted farmer’s field Farmers’ cooperative Nursery Scheme. TC Plant distribution in Taiwan. Distribution /sale of TC Farmer’s field planted with TC bananas Farmer-participatory selection • plant survivors from Foc hospot field selected by farmer, and brought to TBRI for testing •High density field screening on Foc infested soil • Selected lines subjected to field verification for resistance yield, and agronomic traits Pix by SC Hwang Resistant Clones Identified in Screening Program: Highly resistant clones Moderately resistant clones GCTCV-40 GCTCV-46 GCTCV-44 GCTCV-53 GCTCV-104 GCTCV-62 GCTCV-105 (1995) GCTCV-201 GCTCV-119 (1997) GCTCV-215 (1991) GCTCV-217 (1998) GCTCV-216 GCTCV-218 (2002) Special Features of Banana Breeding Based on Somaclonal Selection 1. The technique is simple and quick; 2. A large-scale selection can be arranged through cooperation with farmers; 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Book of Abstracts.Indd 1 2012-11-13 8:35:42 PM Cover Photo of a Dwarf Selection of Kluai Namwa (Pisang Awak, ABB) Taken by A.B
    International Banana Symposium Banana Improvement, Health Management, Use Diversification and Adaptation to Climate Change The Lees Hotel, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, Republic of China 19-22 November 2012 Abstracts Co-organized by: Book of Abstracts.indd 1 2012-11-13 8:35:42 PM Cover photo of a dwarf selection of Kluai Namwa (Pisang Awak, ABB) taken by A.B. Molina Co-organized by: Book of Abstracts.indd 2 2012-11-13 8:35:43 PM International Banana Symposium Banana Improvement, Health Management, Use Diversification and Adaptation to Climate Change The Lees Hotel, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, Republic of China 19-22 November 2012 Abstracts Co-organized by: Book of Abstracts.indd 1 2012-11-13 8:35:44 PM Book of Abstracts.indd 2 2012-11-13 8:35:44 PM Table of Contents SESSION 1: CLIMATE CHANGE: POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION APPROACHES Oral Presentations Planning Adaptation to Uncertainty, Weather BananaVariability Growers and Extreme Facing EventsClimate .......................................................................................................13 Change in Asia and the Pacific: G. Calberto, C. Staver, J. Van Etten and A. Molina Advances and Challenges of Banana Production Systems Towards Sustainability of Production and Mitigating Effects of Climate Change .................14 S. Lindsay, A. Pattison and N. King Assessment of the Potential Impact of Climate (Temperature) Change on Traditional East African Highland Beer Bananas in East Africa ..............................................................................................................15 D. Karamura, W. Ocimati and E. Karamura and Edible Musa balbisiana Germplasm Under Drought Conditions ......................16 AssessmentE. Delfin, E.T. ofOcampo, Growth, F.M. Physiology dela Cueva, and O.P. Water-Use Damasco, Efficiency E.G. Dinglasan, of Wild L.S. Gueco, F.S.
    [Show full text]
  • View Full Text Article
    Color profile: Disabled Composite 150 lpi at 45 degrees 2 Pests of Banana C.S. Gold,1 B. Pinese2 and J.E. Peña3 1International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, ESARC, PO Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda; 2Queensland Department of Primary Industries, PO Box 1054, Mareeba, Queensland 4880, Australia; 3Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280 Street, Homestead, Florida 33031, USA Bananas and plantains (Musa spp.) are among western Africa, Latin America and the Carib- the most important crops in tropical and sub- bean. Dessert bananas, especially Cavendish tropical climates. The genus Musa evolved in clones (AAA), are important export crops in South-East Asia (Stover and Simmonds, 1987) Latin America and the Caribbean, Africa, Asia where numerous undomesticated Musa spe- and the Pacific, and Australia. cies still grow as ‘opportunistic weeds’ (Price, In terms of gross value of production, 1995). Edible bananas (Musa spp., Eumusa bananas and plantains are the fourth most series) originated within this region from two important global food crop. World production wild progenitors, Musa acuminata and M. is calculated to be 87,934,558 t (INIBAP, 2001). balbisiana, producing a series of diploids, trip- Export bananas are the developing world’s loids and tetraploids through natural hybrid- fourth most important commodity and most ization. Additionally, man has selected for important fruit crop (INIBAP, 2001). Bananas parthenocarpy (development of fruit without grown for export are almost exclusively of one pollination or seeds). Simmonds and Shep- variety, ‘Cavendish’; this cultivar accounts herd (1955) provided a key by which these for little more than 10% of global production.
    [Show full text]
  • Banana Cultivar Names, Synonyms and Their Usage in Eastern Africa
    Banana Cultivar Names, Synonyms and their Usage in Eastern Africa D. A. Karamura E. Karamura W. Tinzaara Bioversity Kampala Bioversity International is an independent international scientifi c organization that seeks to improve the wellbeing of present and future generations of people by enhancing conservation and the deployment of agricultural biodiversity on farms and in forests. It is one of 15 centres supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), an association of public and private members who support efforts to mobilize cuttingedge science to reduce hunger and poverty, improve human nutrition and health, and protect the environment. Bioversity has its headquarters in Maccarese, near Rome, Italy, with offi ces in more than 20 other countries worldwide. Currently the Institute operates through fi ve programmes: Agrobiodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Conservation and Availability, Commodity Systems and Genetic Resources, Forest Genetic Resources, and Nutrition and Marketing Diversity The international status of Bioversity is conferred under an Establishment Agreement which, by January 2008, had been signed by the Governments of Algeria, Australia, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovakia, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda and Ukraine. Financial support for Bioversity’s research is provided by more than 150 donors, including governments, private foundations and international organizations. For details of donors and research activities please see Bioversity’s Annual Reports, which are available in printed form on request from [email protected] or from Bioversity’s Web site (www.bioversityinternational.org).
    [Show full text]
  • New and Alternative Banana Varieties Designed to Increase Market Growth
    New and alternative banana varieties designed to increase market growth Jeff Daniells Department of Employment, Economic Development & Innovation Project Number: BA09041 BA09041 This report is published by Horticulture Australia Ltd to pass on information concerning horticultural research and development undertaken for the banana industry. The research contained in this report was funded by Horticulture Australia Ltd with the financial support of the banana industry. All expressions of opinion are not to be regarded as expressing the opinion of Horticulture Australia Ltd or any authority of the Australian Government. The Company and the Australian Government accept no responsibility for any of the opinions or the accuracy of the information contained in this report and readers should rely upon their own enquiries in making decisions concerning their own interests. ISBN 0 7341 2678 6 Published and distributed by: Horticulture Australia Ltd Level 7 179 Elizabeth Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 8295 2300 Fax: (02) 8295 2399 © Copyright 2011 HORTICULTURE AUSTRALIA LIMITED Final report: BA09041 (20 May 2011) New and alternative banana varieties designed to increase market growth Jeff Daniells et al. Queensland Government Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation HAL Project Number BA09041 (20 May 2011) Project Leader: Jeff Daniells Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation Queensland Government, South Johnstone Research Station, PO Box 20, South Johnstone, 4859, Phone (07) 40641129, Fax (07) 40642249 E-mail: [email protected] Report Purpose: In line with HAL project guidelines, this report provides a project outline including technical summary or aims, outcomes and recommendations related to alternative banana varieties and the potential for their expansion in Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Namwah'banana AKA 'Pisang Awak'
    'Namwah' Banana AKA ‘Pisang Awak’ Mature Height: 10-14' Type: Dessert or cooking The most popular banana in Thailand. Everyone should grow this variety! Disease resistant, easy to grow, and a beautiful light green plant with pink in the stem. Flavor has hints of Red Delicious Apple, melon, and jackfruit. Sweet, with a different texture than Hawaiian Apple bananas. Sweet, with a different texture than Hawaiian Apple bananas. Somewhat rare in Hawaii but becoming more common for good reason! 'Dwarf Namwah' Banana AKA ‘Dwarf Pisang Awak’ Mature Height: 6-11' Type: Dessert or cooking The most popular banana in Thailand. Everyone should grow this variety! Disease resistant, easy to grow, and a beautiful light green plant with pink in the stem. Flavor has hints of Red Delicious Apple, melon, and jackfruit. Sweet, with a different texture than Hawaiian Apple bananas. Somewhat rare in Hawaii but becoming more common for good reason! Same fruit as the Tall Namwah, but in a shorter, thick- trunked plant. 1000 Fingers Banana Mature Height: 7-12' Type: Dessert Rare in Hawaii! A very unusual banana, '1000 Fingers' is a beautiful, solid green plant that grows 7 to 12 feet tall and produces sweet 1-3” tiny bananas too numerous to count. The stem of fruit can be as long as 8 feet. The fruit are very sweet, fragrant and slightly acidic. Like a mix between a Williams and Apple banana. It seems to continue to flower and form fruit for as long as the parent plant can nourish it. The fruits are very resistant to bruising.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 Genetic Improvement of Banana
    Chapter 1 Genetic Improvement of Banana Fred´ eric´ Bakry, Franc¸oise Carreel, Christophe Jenny, and Jean-Pierre Horry 1.1 Introduction World production of bananas, estimated at 106 million tons (Lescot 2006), ranks fourth in agricultural production. Bananas make up the largest production of fruits and the largest international trade, more than apple, orange, grape and melon. Bananas are cultivated in more than 120 countries in tropical and subtropical zones on 5 continents. Banana products represent an essential food resource and have an important socioeconomic and ecological role. Current varieties are generally seedless triploid clones either of the single genome A from the species Musa acuminata (group AAA) or of both genomes A and B from species M. acuminata and Musa balbisiana (groups AAB and ABB). More rarely, diploid varieties (AA and AB) and tetraploid clones are encountered. There are two major channels of banana production: those cultivated for export and those reserved for local markets. The main banana varieties cultivated for export, known as ‘Grande Naine’, ‘Poyo’ and ‘Williams’, belong to the monospecific triploid bananas (AAA) of the Cavendish sub-group. They differ from each other only in somatic mutations such as plant height or bunch and fruit shape. Their production relies on an intensive monoculture of the agro-industrial type, without rotation, and a high quantity of inputs. Banana cultivation for local consumption is based on a large number of vari- eties adapted to different conditions of production as well as the varied uses and tastes of consumers. Diploid bananas, close to the ancestral wild forms, are still cultivated in Southeast Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Mchare and Matooke Bananas for Resistance to Fusarium Oxysporum F
    plants Article Evaluation of Mchare and Matooke Bananas for Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Race 1 Privat Ndayihanzamaso 1, Diane Mostert 1,* , Megan Ceris Matthews 1, George Mahuku 2, Kennedy Jomanga 3, Happyness Justine Mpanda 3, Hassan Mduma 3, Allan Brown 3, Brigitte Uwimana 4 , Rony Swennen 3,5,6 , Robooni Tumuhimbise 7 and Altus Viljoen 1 1 Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; [email protected] (P.N.); [email protected] (M.C.M.); [email protected] (A.V.) 2 International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Regional Hub, Plot 25, Light Industrial Area, Coca Cola Rd, P.O. Box 34441, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; [email protected] 3 International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), c/o The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania; [email protected] (K.J.); [email protected] (H.J.M.); [email protected] (H.M.); [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (R.S.) 4 International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Namulonge, P.O. Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda; [email protected] 5 Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Katholieke, Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Willem De Croylaan 42, Bus 2455, 3001 Leuven, Belgium 6 Bioversity International, Willem De Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium 7 National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Rwebitaba ZARDI, P.O. Box 96, Fort Portal, Uganda; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 24 June 2020; Accepted: 18 August 2020; Published: 23 August 2020 Abstract: Fusarium wilt, caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.
    [Show full text]