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Management of Chilli Leaf Curl Virus Disease in the Coastal Zone of Odisha Through Integrated Approach

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Management of Chilli Leaf Curl Virus Disease in the Coastal Zone of Odisha Through Integrated Approach Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(4): 132-140 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 04 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.015 Management of Chilli Leaf Curl Virus Disease in the Coastal Zone of Odisha through Integrated Approach S. Sarkar*, G.S. Sahu, S. Das, S.K. Dash, A. Nandi and A. Patnaik AICRP on Vegetable Crops, Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Chilli crop is attacked by a large number of pathogens but heavy crop loss is caused due to leaf curl disease of chilli caused by Begomovirus belonging to the family Geminiviridae is transmitted by viruliferous whitefly (Bemisiatabaci Genn.). In India, Senanayake et al., (2006) have reported first time chilli leaf curl virus on chilli crop and crop loss has been estimated up to 80% in some parts of India (Nigam et al., 2015). Therefore, an integrated approach involving physical, botanical and chemical module has been formulated to manage the chilli leaf curl virus disease during three consecutive years from 2014-15, K e yw or ds 2015-16 and 2016-17 at AICRP on Vegetable Crops, OUAT, Bhubaneswar during Rabi season. Our results showed that the chilli leaf curl virus disease could effectively be Chilli, Development, reduced by all the treatments through integration of physical, botanical and chemical Integrated approach, management practices since they were statistically equally effective over control in respect Chilli leaf curl virus of reducing disease incidence and white fly population/plant and fruit yield (q/ha). But Article Info while considering cost of different treatments and net income over the years, the pooled data revealed that the maximum net return (Rs.1,36,909/-) was obtained with integrated Accepted: management practices (T3) with substantially low percent disease incidence (6.9%) and 04 March 2018 Available Online: white fly population/plant (0.99/plant) while minimum net return was recorded in T6 10 April 2018 (Rs.25,261/-). Similarly, the cost benefit ratio was found to be the maximum in integrated management practices (T3) (2.44) and the minimum B: C was recorded in T6 (1.29). So, chilli growers who are facing problem from chilli leaf curl disease can easily grow their crop by adopting the technologies involving spray of Imidacloprid 70% WG @ 2 g/15 l + Neem oil @ 2 ml/l at 7 days interval till fruit formation coupled with border crop of maize (Two rows of maize at 15 days prior transplanting) and use of Agri silver mulch because this integrated disease management practice (T3) gave maximum net return (Rs.1,36,909/-) with highest B:C ratio (2.44). Introduction Capsicum family Solanaceae. There are mainly four cultivated Capsicum species and Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important they are originated from South America. spice crop grown for its fruits, which are used Commercial cultivation of chilli is mostly in green as well as ripe dried form for its confined to the tropical regions of the world, pungency. Chilli belongs to the genus since it requires long and warm season for its 132 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(4): 132-140 growth and development. Chilli is known curl Multan virus (CLCuMV) by Hussain et from prehistoric remains in Peru and was al., (2004) and Pepper yellow leaf curl widely cultivated in Central and South Indonesia virus (PepYLCIV) (Tsai et al.,2006) America in early times. It was first introduced have been associated with chilli leaf curl in in India by Portuguese towards the end of 15th Pakistan and Indonesia respectively. In India, century. Now-a-day’s chilli has become an tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) important crop all over India. It is used very was recently shown to be associated with widely in culinary, pharmaceutical and chilli leaf curl disease occurring in Lucknow beverage industries throughout the world. It is (Khan et al., 2006).Exclusive reliance on an important condiment used for imparting insecticides as a control strategy against these pungency and colour to the food being rich in biotic stresses has resulted in several vitamin C, A, B, oleoresin and red pigment. undesirable effects like pesticide pollution, As the climatic conditions of India are diverse, resurgence of secondary pests, insecticide chillies are grown at different times in resistance, elimination of beneficial fauna and different ecological zones in each province, different human health hazards. Although, but its cultivation is mostly concentrated in the insecticidal interventions bring down the pest southern states viz., Andhra Pradesh, damage which they have led to problem of Karnataka, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu, pesticide residues in fruits (Joia et al., 2001). occupying nearly 75 per cent of total area Resistance management is a key consideration under chilli in India, which is the second for these biotic stresses in chillies. The most largest exporter of chilli in the world and is common methods of preventing resistance to exported in the form of whole dried fruits, insecticides include minimizing the number of fresh chillies, chilli powder and oleoresins to applications per season of ‘at-risk’ products, south Asian countries, USA and Canada. In using insecticides with diverse modes of India, chilli is being grown on an area of 7.20 action and applying them in alternation or as lakh hectares with the production of 12.50 mixtures. It has also been reported that the use lakh tonnes (Anon., 2008).Though the area of physical barrier can protect the crop against under chilli cultivation in Odisha is more, its ToLCV disease (Crop life, 2008). production is low as compared to the other states because of the poor management of Use of agri silver mulch is indeed highly economically important pest and diseases. efficient in reflecting the heat along with light Chilli pepper is naturally susceptible to a wide which drives away the white fly. But these range of viruses in all South Asian countries protections alone may not sufficiently protect including India. 22viruses infecting chilli, against leaf curl disease since some whiteflies mosaic and leaf curl disease are the most are still able to enter main field through gaps devastating (Wagner, Georg, 2004) caused by in entrances and on personnel. Managing the Begomovirus belonging to the family diseases through chemicals alone is not Geminiviridae is transmitted by viruliferous satisfactory in view of the environmental whitefly (Bemisiatabaci Genn.).The chilli leaf concerns and cost benefit ratio. In this context, curl virus (ChiLCV) disease on chilli was first to manage the disease effectively a field reported in Pakistan by Shih et al., (2003) and experiment was undertaken to find out an in India by Senanayake et al., (2006) and crop integrated disease management strategies that loss has been estimated up to 80% in some is through the use insecticides with neem oil parts of India (Nigam et al., 2015). Leaf curl coupled with border crop of maize and use of or yellowing symptoms, typical of those Agri silver mulch for the management of caused by Begomovirus infection, cotton leaf vector borne chilli leaf curl viral disease 133 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(4): 132-140 Materials and Methods T0 + spray of Fipronil5 SC @1.0 ml/l + Neem oil 1500 ppm @ 2 ml/l at 7 days interval till Experimental site and plants growing fruit formation,T3- T0 + spray of Imidacloprid70% WG @ 2 g/15 l + Neem oil The experiment was conducted in a 1500ppm@ 2 ml/l at 7 days interval till fruit randomized block design with four formation, T4- T0 + spray of Cyazypyr replications under All India Coordinated (Cyantraniliprole 10.26%) @ 1.8 ml/ l at 7 Research Project on Vegetable Crops at days interval till fruit formation and T5 - T0 + Central Research Station OUAT, spray rotation of T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 Bhubaneswar (East and SE Coastal Plain sequential application at 7 days interval till Zone, 20015’N latitude and 85052’ E fruit formation, longitude) during the Rabi season of three consecutive years of 2014-15, 2015-16 and Experimental data recording 2016-17.Treated seeds of chilli (Utkal Ava) with Imidacloprid70% WG @ 8 gm/ kgwere The incidence of chilli leaf curl disease was sown in well prepared nursery beds mixed recorded from all the individual plot by with well rotten FYM and neem cake @ 1 Kg/ recording the infected plant one day before sq.mt. Thirty days old seedlings which were each spray and finally percentage of leaf curl sprayed with Cyazypyr (Cyantraniliprole virus disease incidence was calculated by 10.26%) @ 1.8 mi/l 2-3 days before using the following formula. transplanting and seedling root dip of Imidacloprid @ 0.5 ml/l transplanted to the main field previously surrounded with 2 rows PI of maize sown 15 days before transplanting of chilli seedlings accommodating 54 plants in Five plants were selected randomly for each individual plot measuring 3.0 mx2.7m during treatment and white fly population/plant was the Rabi season in each year. Plots were counted one day before each spray. divided into six treatment combinations Marketable fruits (excluding disease and following Randomized Block Design with insect damage fruits) of the periodical harvests four replications and different cultural from the individual plot were counted and managements were followed in time. weighed to express marketable fruit yield per plot (kg) and then it was converted to Treatment combinations marketable fruit
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