DOCSLIB.ORG

Molecular Characterization of Capsicum Chlorosis Virus, Tomato

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Molecular Characterization of Capsicum Chlorosis Virus, Tomato Molecular characterization of Capsicum chlorosis virus, Tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus, Tobacco leaf curl Thailand virus and RNA-mediated virus resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana Domin. Von der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Gartenbauwissenschaften -Dr. rer. hort.- genehmigte Dissertation von Dipl.-Ing.agr. Dennis Knierim geboren am 21.11.1974 in Lich Angefertigt am Institut für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz Hannover, Februar 2007 Referent: Prof. Dr. Edgar Maiß Koreferent: Prof. Dr. Günter Adam Tag der Promotion: 05.02.2007 Abstract Abstract Production of vegetables in the tropics and subtropics demands special requirements for cultivation. One reason is the occurrence of pests like insects, mites and nematodes, whereas the direct damage caused by pathogens is often not a factor for yield reduction. More serious is the possibility of virus transmission and the quantitative and qualitative yield losses triggered by virus infection. The cultivation of virus resistant plants offers the possibility to circumvent frequent pesticide applications. However, not for every crop and for every viral disease adequate natural resistant sources are available and therefore, the application of pathogen-mediated transgenic resistant may be an appropriate alternative. As a part of a larger project in Thailand tomato plants were grown under protected cultivation. Here, disease symptoms occurred on tomato plants, which were partly caused by phytopathogenic viruses. This study presented here the molecular characterization of these tomato infecting viruses and the production of transgenic virus resistance plants by using the strategy of RNA-silencing. By using different antisera one virus was identified as a Tospovirus with relationship to Watermelon silver mottle virus and Groundnut bud necrosis virus. For the molecular characterization, the complete genome sequence was determined. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the highest identity to Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) isolates described in Australia. Beside the CaCV isolate collected at the Asian Institute of Technology in Bangkok [CaCV-(AIT)], several other Thai tospovirus isolates were identified after multiple sequence analyses as CaCV isolates. For a biological characterization, the host range of CaCV-(AIT) revealed difference to the host range described for the Australian CaCV isolates. Moreover, two begomoviruses were identified as causal agents in diseased tomato plants. The complete genome sequences of these both viruses were determined by applying rolling circle amplification (RCA) with Phi29 DNA polymerase. Sequence analysis exhibited the presence of the bipartite Tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (THLCTHV), as well as the infection with an unknown monopartite recombinant begomovirus, tentatively named as Tobacco leaf curl Thailand virus (TbLCTHV). The infectivity of TYLCTHV and TbLCTHV full-length clones was verified by inoculation of N. benthamian plants. For this the cloned DNA-A and DNA-B Abstract components of TYLCTHV were excised by restriction enzyme digest from the respective plasmids, recircularized by ligation and subsequently amplified by Phi29 DNA polymerase. The concatameric viral copies were inoculated by particle bombardment on Nicotiana benthamiana plants and proved to be at least as effective as partial repeat construct inoculation, but being less laborious. For generation of transgenic virus resistance a post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) approach was used. For this purpose viral CP or N gene sequences of 423 to 548 nts were arranged as inverted repeats joined by the ST-LS1 intron. The sequences were chosen from four RNA viruses, which can infect tomato plants in South East Asia: CaCV, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) und Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). For all four constructs a uniform cloning strategy was applied. After transformeation of N. benthamiana plants via Agrobacterium tumefaciens 35 independent transgenic T0 plants were regenerated. The progeny of 23 plants was resistant and 13 CaCV, 6 TSWV, 3 CMV and 1 ToMV resistant line was selected. On selected homozygous T2 lines the stability of virus resistance was proven. Key words: Tospovirus, Begomovirus, RNA-mediated virus resistance, Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV), Tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV), Tobacco leaf curl Thailand virus (TbLCTHV) Zusammenfassung Zusammenfassung Die Produktion von Gemüse unter tropischen und subtropischen Bedingungen stellt eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Eine Ursache ist das Auftreten von Schadinsekten, wobei die direkt an den Pflanzen verursachten Schäden meist nicht der entscheidende Faktor für Ertragsverluste sind. Gravierender ins Gewicht fallen die Möglichkeiten der Virusübertragung und die durch Virusinfektionen ausgelösten quantitativen und qualitativen Ertragseinbußen. Der Anbau von virusresistenten Sorten bietet hier eine vielversprechende Maßnahme, die indirekt auch zu einer Reduktion in der Anwendung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln beitragen könnte. Da nicht für jede Kultur und nicht gegen jede Viruserkrankung ausreichend natürliche Resistenzquellen zur Verfügung stehen, kann der Einsatz einer pathogen-vermittelten transgenen Resistenz eine sinnvolle Alternative darstellen. In Thailand wurden im Rahmen eines Verbundprojektes Tomaten unter geschützten Bedingungen in Foliengewächshäusern kultiviert. Hierbei traten Symptome auf, die unter anderem durch die Infektion mit phytopathogenen Viren ausgelöst wurden. In der hier vorgelegten Arbeit wurden diese Viren näher molekular charakterisiert, sowie die Strategie des RNA-Silencings zur Erzeugung von Virusresistenzen angewandt. Ein Virus wurde zunächst mit Hilfe verschiedener Antiseren als ein Tospovirus mit Verwandtschaft zum Watermelon silver mottle virus und Groundnut bud necrosis virus identifiziert. Für die vollständige molekulare Charakterisierung wurde die komplette Genomsequenz bestimmt. Die phylogenetischen Analysen ergaben die größte Ähnlichkeit zu den in Australien beschriebenen Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) Isolaten, so dass das thailändische Virusisolat, nach seiner Herkunft vom Asian Institute of Technology in Bangkok, als CaCV-(AIT) benannt wurde. Weitere multiple Sequenzvergleiche erlaubte die Einordnung vermeintlich verschiedener in Thailand vorkommender Tospoviren als Isolate des CaCV. Zur Bestimmung des Wirtspflanzenspektrums wurden Infektionsversuche mit CaCV-(AIT) an einem Testpflanzensortiment durchgeführt. Hier zeigten sich Unterschiede des thailändischen Virusisolates zum publizierten Wirtspflanzenkreis der bekannten australischen CaCV Isolate. Ferner konnten zwei Begomoviren als weitere Ursache für die Erkrankung von Tomatenpflanzen identifiziert werden. Aus Blattproben wurden die kompletten Zusammenfassung Genome der beiden unterschiedlicher Begomoviren durch „Rolling circle amplification“ mit Phi29 DNA-Polymerase zunächst angereichert und nachfolgend kloniert. Die Sequenzanalysen zeigten das Vorliegen des erwarteten bipartiten Tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV), sowie die Infektion der Tomaten mit einem bislang nicht beschriebenen neuen monopartiten rekombinanten Begomovirus, welches vorläufig als Tobacco leaf curl Thailand virus (TbLCTHV) benannt wurde. Die Infektiösität von TYLCTHV und TbLCTHV konnte durch Inokulation von N. benthamiana Pflanzen mit Volllängenklonen gezeigt werden. Hierzu wurden die klonierten DNA Komponenten von TYLCTHV, DNA-A und DNA-B, isoliert, durch Ligation rezirkularisiert und anschließend mit Hilfe der Phi29 DNA-Polymerase vermehrt. Die konkatemeren viralen Kopien wurden mittels Partikelbombardment zur Inokulation von N. benthamiana Pflanzen eingesetzt und führten genauso erfolgreich zur Infektion der Pflanzen wie die bislang verwendeten multimere Kopien der Begomoviren-Genome, jedoch mit dem Vorteil eines geringeren Arbeitsaufwandes. Zur Erzeugung von Virusresistenzen wurde der Mechanismus des „Post- transkriptionalen Gene Silencings (PTGS)“ genutzt. Dazu wurden invers angeordnete virale Sequenzen des CP- bzw. N-Gens mit 423-548 Nukleotiden die durch das ST- LS1 Intron verbunden wurden, eingesetzt. Ausgewählt wurden vier RNA Viren, die im südostasiatischen Raum Tomatenpflanzen infizieren können: CaCV, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) und Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). Vier nach einer einheitlichen Klonierungsstrategie entwickelte Konstrukte wurden mittels Agrobakterium-vermitteltem Gentransfer in N. benthamina transformiert. Insgesamt wurden 35 unabhängige transgene T0-Pflanzen erhalten. Die Nachkommen von 23 Pflanzen erwiesen sich als resistent, wobei für das CaCV 13 Linien, das TSWV 6 Linien, das CMV 3 Linien sowie für das ToMV 1 Linie selektiert wurden. An ausgewählten homozygoten T2 Linien konnte die Stabilität der Virusresistenz bestätigt werden. Schlagworte: Tospovirus, Begomovirus, RNA-vermittelte Virusresistenz, Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV), Tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV), Tobacco leaf curl Thailand virus (TbLCTHV) Contents Contents 1 General introduction ............................................................................................ 1 2 The complete nucleotide sequence of a capsicum chlorosis virus isolate from Lycopersicum esculentum in Thailand .............................................................. 16 2.1 Abstract .............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Survey, Incidence and Serological Identification of Papaya Leaf Curl Virus in Eastern Uttar Pradesh
    Indian Phytopath. 68 (1) : 123-126 (2015) SHORT COMMUNICATION Survey, incidence and serological identification of Papaya leaf curl virus in eastern Uttar Pradesh D.K. DUBEY1, A.K. TIWARI2* and P.P. UPADHYAY1 1Department of Botany, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273 009, Uttar Pradesh, India 2Central Lab, U.P. Council of Sugarcane Research, Shahjahnapur 242 001, Uttar Pradesh, India Key words: Papaya, Geminivirus, TLCNDV, DAC-ELISA, disease incidence Papaya (Carica papaya L; family ‘Caricaceae’) is an During survey, 5-35% incidence of papaya leaf curl important fruit crop believed to be native of southern disease was recorded. A total of 65 locations were Mexico and neighboring Central America. It is grown in surveyed and the maximum disease incidence of 35% tropical and subtropical countries all over the world. India was recorded at nearly 12 locations (Table 1). The is the largest producer of papaya in the world. The limiting incidence of PLCV was higher in mature and older plants factor of papaya cultivation is its susceptibility to ring spot, in comparison to young plants. The maximum disease leaf curl, mosaic and distortion diseases (6). Among incidences were recorded during July-March. these, papaya leaf curl disease caused by PLCV is one The most common symptoms observed were severe of most serious threat to papaya cultivation in most of curling, crinkling and rolling of leaves, reduction and papaya-growing countries. Papaya leaf curl disease is deformation of petioles, internodes and main shoots. The caused by bipartite geminivirus (3).The vector associated leaves were drastically reduced in size and showed vein with disease is identified as whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) (5).
    [Show full text]
  • Frequent Occurrence of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus in Tomato Leaf Curl Disease Afected Tomato in Oman M
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Frequent occurrence of Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus in tomato leaf curl disease afected tomato in Oman M. S. Shahid 1*, M. Shafq 1, M. Ilyas2, A. Raza1, M. N. Al-Sadrani1, A. M. Al-Sadi 1 & R. W. Briddon 3 Next generation sequencing (NGS) of DNAs amplifed by rolling circle amplifcation from 6 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants with leaf curl symptoms identifed a number of monopartite begomoviruses, including Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), and a betasatellite (Tomato leaf curl betasatellite [ToLCB]). Both TYLCV and ToLCB have previously been identifed infecting tomato in Oman. Surprisingly the NGS results also suggested the presence of the bipartite, legume-adapted begomovirus Mungbean yellow mosaic Indian virus (MYMIV). The presence of MYMIV was confrmed by cloning and Sanger sequencing from four of the six plants. A wider analysis by PCR showed MYMIV infection of tomato in Oman to be widespread. Inoculation of plants with full-length clones showed the host range of MYMIV not to extend to Nicotiana benthamiana or tomato. Inoculation to N. benthamiana showed TYLCV to be capable of maintaining MYMIV in both the presence and absence of the betasatellite. In tomato MYMIV was only maintained by TYLCV in the presence of the betasatellite and then only at low titre and efciency. This is the frst identifcation of TYLCV with ToLCB and the legume adapted bipartite begomovirus MYMIV co-infecting tomato. This fnding has far reaching implications. TYLCV has spread around the World from its origins in the Mediterranean/Middle East, in some instances, in live tomato planting material.
    [Show full text]
  • Disease Management for Leaf Curl in Chilli JPP 2020; 9(3): 863-866 Received: 23-03-2020 Accepted: 27-04-2020 Dr
    Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2020; 9(3): 863-866 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 www.phytojournal.com Disease management for leaf curl in Chilli JPP 2020; 9(3): 863-866 Received: 23-03-2020 Accepted: 27-04-2020 Dr. Ram Prakash Sharma, RK Verma and Dr. Bipul Mandal Dr. Ram Prakash Sharma Subject Matter Specialist, Krishi Abstract Vigyan Kendra, Madhepura, A field trial was conducted during kharif 2019 cropping seasons. An attempt was made to find out the BAU, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, effective management practice through application of agrochemicals to minimize vector activites &the India crop loss. Three bio rational molecules viz., Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 1.0 ml/3liter water, Acetamiprid 20% SP @1.0 gm/ liter water and KEM (Immunity Builder) @2.0 ml/ liter were sprayed at 15 day R. K. Verma interval and were evaluated against vector activity to reduce the leaf curl disease incidence. The Subject Matter Specialist, Krishi minimum disease incidence was recorded to the extent of (27.25%) coupled with highest fruit yield of Vigyan Kendra, Madhepura, 63.13 q/ha in the treatment T2 having two spraying of Acetamiprid 20% SP @1.0 gm/ liter water at an BAU, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, interval of fifteen days during Kharif 2019 cropping season. Maximum disease incidence (32.25%) in India control with lowest yield (54.23/ha). Infection by chili leaf curl disease complex adversely affected yield attributing characters during Kharif season. Highest cost-benefit ratio of 1:11.49 was obtained by two Dr. Bipul Mandal spraying of Acetamiprid 20% SP @1.0 gm/ liter water during Kharif crop season.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of Chilli Thrips, Scirtothrips Dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Biology, Distribution and Management
    Chapter 3 An Overview of Chilli Thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Biology, Distribution and Management Vivek Kumar, Garima Kakkar, Cindy L. McKenzie, Dakshina R. Seal and Lance S. Osborne Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/55045 1. Introduction The industrial revolution, globalization and international trade liberalization are some of the important events that have afforded vast opportunities for invasive insect species to establish in new territories [1]. These invasive species, facing no challenge by their natural enemies, thrive well in the new environment [2]. In addition to the disturbance they cause to the biodiversity, pest invasion in any country results in increased pressure on biosecurity, national economy, and human health management systems [1, 3, 4]. Apart from economic loss in managing them, these pests pose a significant detrimental impact on tourism and recreational value of the region, which further adds in indirect economic damage to the nation [5]. Of this large group of invasive pests, thrips are one of the most important members. The invasive status gained by thrips across the globe is due to their high degree of polyphagy, wide host range and easy dispersal that can be anthropogenic or natural (wind-mediated). The earliest fossil record of order Thysanoptera dates back to the Late Triassic period, from the state of Virginia in the United States and the country Kazakhstan in Central Asia, but their abundance was rare until the Cretaceous period from which many specimens of Thysanoptera have been recorded [6]. The order Thysanoptera was given its current taxonomic rank by an Irish entomologist, A.
    [Show full text]
  • Survey of Chilli Leaf Curl Complex Disease in Eastern Part of Uttar Pradesh
    Volume 1- Issue 7 : 2017 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2017.01.000589 RS Mishra. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res ISSN: 2574-1241 Research Article Open Access Survey of Chilli Leaf Curl Complex Disease in Eastern Part of Uttar Pradesh AN Chaubey and RS Mishra* Department of Plant Pathology, ND University of Agriculture & Technology, India Received: December 04, 2017; Published: December 13, 2017 *Corresponding author: RS Mishra, Department of Plant Pathology, ND University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad-224229, UP, India Abstract Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is an economically important and widely cultivated crop of India. Chilli leaf curl virus is one of the major selected in eastern Uttar Pradesh viz, Sultanpur and Faizabad districts during 2014 and 2015 from March to May each year. The highest leaf curllimiting incidence factors was in chili noticed production, in Sewra which (67.39 decreases %) followed yield by significantly. Hasuimukundpur The experiment (65.22%) wasand Etwaracarried (64.07%)out in one in hundred 2014, whereas fifty villages in 2015, randomly it was found maximum in Sewra (61.44%), Hasuimukundpur (59.79%) and Isawli (57.07%). In case of block wise, the maximum incidence was found Amaniganj (59.53, 50.79%) and Kurwar (54.70, 52.91%) in 2014 and 2015 respectively. While the lowest incidence was observed at Milkipur 47.46 % in 2014 and 41.48% in 2015 the average leaf curl disease incidence was recorded highest in 2014 at both districts. Keywords: Survey; Chilli leaf curl; Eastern Uttar Pradesh Introduction Chilli (Capsicum annuum L) is one of the most valuable cash Materials and Methods crops of India.
    [Show full text]
  • An Unusual Alphasatellite Associated with Monopartite Begomoviruses Attenuates Symptoms and Reduces Betasatellite Accumulation
    Journal of General Virology (2011), 92, 706–717 DOI 10.1099/vir.0.025288-0 An unusual alphasatellite associated with monopartite begomoviruses attenuates symptoms and reduces betasatellite accumulation Ali M. Idris,1,2 M. Shafiq Shahid,1,3 Rob W. Briddon,3 A. J. Khan,4 J.-K. Zhu2 and J. K. Brown1 Correspondence 1School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA J. K. Brown 2Plant Stress Genomics Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, [email protected] Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 3National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, PO Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan 4Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al-Khod 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman The Oman strain of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV-OM) and its associated betasatellite, an isolate of Tomato leaf curl betasatellite (ToLCB), were previously reported from Oman. Here we report the isolation of a second, previously undescribed, begomovirus [Tomato leaf curl Oman virus (ToLCOMV)] and an alphasatellite from that same plant sample. This alphasatellite is closely related (90 % shared nucleotide identity) to an unusual DNA-2-type Ageratum yellow vein Singapore alphasatellite (AYVSGA), thus far identified only in Singapore. ToLCOMV was found to have a recombinant genome comprising sequences derived from two extant parents, TYLCV-OM, which is indigenous to Oman, and Papaya leaf curl virus from the Indian subcontinent. All possible combinations of ToLCOMV, TYLCV-OM, ToLCB and AYVSGA were used to agro-inoculate tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana. Infection with ToLCOMV yielded mild leaf-curl symptoms in both hosts; however, plants inoculated with TYLCV-OM developed more severe symptoms.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular and Biological Characterization of Chilli Leaf Curl Virus and Associated Tomato Leaf Curl Betasatellite Infecting Toba
    Shahid et al. Virology Journal (2019) 16:131 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-019-1235-4 RESEARCH Open Access Molecular and biological characterization of Chilli leaf curl virus and associated Tomato leaf curl betasatellite infecting tobacco in Oman Muhammad Shafiq Shahid1*† , Muhammad Shafiq1†, Amir Raza1, Abdullah M. Al-Sadi1 and Rob W. Briddon2 Abstract Background: In Oman tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum; family Solanaceae) is a minor crop, which is produced only for local consumption. In 2015, tobacco plants exhibiting severe downward leaf curling, leaf thickening, vein swelling, yellowing and stunting were identified in fields of tobacco in Suhar Al-Batina region, Oman. These symptoms are suggestive of begomovirus (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) infection. Methods: Circular DNA molecules were amplified from total DNA extracted from tobacco plants by rolling circle amplification (RCA). Viral genomes were cloned from RCA products by restriction digestion and betasatellites were cloned by PCR amplification from RCA product, using universal primers. The sequences of full-length clones were obtained by Sanger sequencing and primer walking. Constructs for the infectivity of virus and betasatellite were produced and introduced into plants by Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation. Results: The full-length sequences of 3 begomovirus and 3 betasatellite clones, isolated from 3 plants, were obtained. Analysis of the full-length sequences determined showed the virus to be a variant of Chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) and the betasatellite to be a variant of Tomato leaf curl betasatellite (ToLCB). Both the virus and the betasatellite isolated from tobacco show the greatest levels of sequence identity to isolates of ChiLCV and ToLCB identified in other hosts in Oman.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Characterization of Begomoviruses Associated with Yellow Leaf Curl Disease in Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae Crops from Northern Sumatra, Indonesia
    The Horticulture Journal 89 (4): 410–416. 2020. e Japanese Society for doi: 10.2503/hortj.UTD-175 JSHS Horticultural Science http://www.jshs.jp/ Molecular Characterization of Begomoviruses Associated with Yellow Leaf Curl Disease in Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae Crops from Northern Sumatra, Indonesia Elly Kesumawati1,2*, Shoko Okabe3, Munawar Khalil2, Gian Alfan2, Putra Bahagia1, Nadya Pohan1, Sabaruddin Zakaria1,2 and Sota Koeda3 1Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia 2Graduate School of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia 3Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, Japan Begomoviruses, transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), have emerged as serious constraints to the cultivation of a wide variety of vegetable crops worldwide. Leaf samples from Solanaceae (tomato, tobacco, and eggplant) and Cucurbitaceae (cucumber and squash) plants exhibiting typical begomoviral yellowing and/or curling symptoms were collected in Northern Sumatra, Aceh province, Indonesia. Rolling circle amplification was conducted using DNA isolated from cucumber, squash, eggplant, and tobacco, and the full- length sequences of the begomoviruses were evaluated. The following viruses were isolated: bipartite begomoviruses Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), Squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV), Tomato yellow leaf curl Kanchanaburi virus (TYLCKaV), and a monopartite begomovirus Ageratum yellow vein virus (AYVV). Begomovirus diagnosis was conducted by PCR using begomovirus species-specific primers for Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PepYLCIV), Pepper yellow leaf curl Aceh virus (PepYLCAV), ToLCNDV, SLCCNV, TYLCKaV, and AYVV, which are the predominant begomoviruses. The primary begomovirus species for each plant were as follows: PepYLCAV for tomato, AYVV for tobacco, TYLCKaV for eggplant, ToLCNDV for cucumber, and SLCCNV for squash.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification, Characterisation and Expression of PRSV-P Resistance Genes in Carica and Vasconcellea
    Identification, Characterisation and Expression of PRSV-P Resistance Genes in Carica and Vasconcellea Author Mohd Razali, Razean Haireen Published 2013 Thesis Type Thesis (PhD Doctorate) School School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences DOI https://doi.org/10.25904/1912/91 Copyright Statement The author owns the copyright in this thesis, unless stated otherwise. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366827 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au Identification, Characterisation and Expression of PRSV-P Resistance Genes in Carica and Vasconcellea Razean Haireen Mohd Razali MSc (Hons) School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology Griffith University Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) January 2013 Abstract Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is one of the major tropical fruit crops worldwide; however, commercial and local production is reduced by several diseases and pests. Papaya Ringspot Virus type P (PRSV-P) is a serious disease of Carica papaya, and all known varieties of papaya are susceptible. Vasconcellea parviflora is a PRSV-P susceptible species. Researchers have identified PRSV-P resistant genes in Vasconcellea spp., which were formerly included in the genus Carica. Of the 21 Vasconcellea species, only one, Vasconcellea pubescens sometimes called Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis, has been consistently reported worldwide to be resistant or immune to PRSV-P for more than 60 years. In a previous study at Griffith University in Southeast Queensland, a functional PRSV-P resistance marker was identified in a mapping population of F2 plants of V. pubescens x V. parviflora. The resistance (R) gene identified in V.
    [Show full text]
  • Principles of Disease Management in Fruit Crops
    International Clinical Pathology Journal Research Article Open Access Principles of disease management in fruit crops Introduction Volume 4 Issue 5 - 2017 India is the second largest producer of fruits in the world, contributing 10% of the total production. But, the total production is quite below (45.496million tons from 37.96million hectares) SK Thind the requirements at the recommended dietary allowances of 90gm Punjab Agricultural University, India of fruits per capita per day as laid by Indian Council of Medical Correspondence: SK Thind, Punjab Agricultural University, Research. Accordingly, 90million tones of fruits are required to Ludhiana–141 004, Punjab, India, Email [email protected] feed the one billion population of India. Since, it is not possible to attain such a high target, as plant diseases are the major constraints Received: April 17, 2017 | Published: May 16, 2017 in increasing the productivity of fruit crops. Huge pre–and post– harvest losses are caused by various fruit diseases and unfavorable environments leading to the total failure of the crops. Citrus decline, apple scab, mango malformation, guava wilt, fire blights, banana disease produces several valuable signs/symptoms and they are bunchy top and wilt, brown rots of stone fruits, crown galls, downy collectively called syndrome. Spore–is a minute propagating unit and powdery mildews are the destructive fruit diseases causing huge responsible for the production of new individuals of the same species. losses to the fruit industry worldwide.1 Intensive agriculture provides Inoculums–is the infectious material or portion of the pathogen that greatest opportunities for the buildup of many new diseases and can cause a disease.
    [Show full text]
  • Tomato Leaf Curl Sudan Virus (TLCSDV) Causing Leaf Curl Disease on a New Host Amaranthus Cruentus L
    POJ 10(1):20-27 (2017) ISSN:1836-3644 doi: 10.21475/poj.10.01.17.292 Tomato Leaf Curl Sudan Virus (TLCSDV) causing leaf curl disease on a new host Amaranthus cruentus L. Sayed Sartaj Sohrab Special Infectious Agents Unit; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Amaranthus leaf curl disease symptom was observed in the farmer’s field based at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. This crop used as leafy vegetables in many countries. In this study, a field survey was conducted in April 2014 and naturally infected Amaranthus leaf samples were collected to identify the associated virus with leaf curl disease. The causative agent was transmitted through whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) from naturally infected leaves to healthy Amaranthus seedlings. The begomovirus infection was identified by PCR by using specific primers. The full viral genome was amplified by rolling circle amplification. The presence of betasatellites was also confirmed by using betasatellites specific primers. The full viral genomes as well as betasatellites were amplified, cloned and sequenced. The full-length viral genome sequence analysis showed the highest (99.9%) homology with Tomato leaf curl Sudan Virus infecting tomato reported from the Arabian Peninsula. The betasatellites sequence analysis showed the highest identity (99.3%) with Tomato leaf curl betasatellites-Yemen. The phylogenetic analysis was performed by using both full as well as betasatellites genome and full genome formed the closest cluster with Tomato leaf curl Sudan virus while betasatellites genome formed closed cluster with tomato yellow leaf curl Yemen betasatellites. The recombination analysis was performed and results showed that the associated virus could be a variant of Tomato leaf curl Sudan virus, a virus that occurs in Sudan, Yemen and Arabian Peninsula.
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Viruses and Viral Diseases of Pepper (Capsicum Spp.)
    Chapter Management of Viruses and Viral Diseases of Pepper (Capsicum spp.) in Africa Olawale Arogundade, Titilayo Ajose, Itinu Osijo, Hilary Onyeanusi, Joshua Matthew and Taye H. Aliyu Abstract Increasing outbreaks of virus species infecting pepper (Capsicum spp.) is a major problem for growers in Africa due to a combination of factors, including expansion of pepper cultivation, abundance of insect vectors and climate change. More than 45 viruses have been identified to infect pepper crops causing economic loss in terms of reduced quality and marketable yield, sometimes up to 100%. The Pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV), Potato virus Y (PVY) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) are endemic in many countries including Uganda, Mali, Cameroon, Morocco and Nigeria. Current management options for virus infection in Capsicum spp. is by the integration of several approaches. More importantly, eradication of infected plants, cultivation of disease resistant varieties, improved cultural prac- tices and judicious use of insecticides especially when plants are young and easily colonized by vectors. In recent years, eco-friendly control measures are needful to reduce occurrence of virus diseases in Capsicum spp. Keywords: climate change, economic loss, outbreaks, management options, virus infection 1. Introduction Peppers (Capsicum spp.) are one of the most important spices and vegetable crops in the economic and social life of people living worldwide [1]. Viruses are among the most important factors threatening Capsicum spp. production in several regions like Australia [2], Europe [3], Asia [4] and Africa [5]. They cause diseases that not only reduce yield and quality of fruits, but also increase the cost of preven- tive measures and cost of producing clean planting materials.
    [Show full text]