DOCSLIB.ORG

Identification, Characterisation and Expression of PRSV-P Resistance Genes in Carica and Vasconcellea

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Identification, Characterisation and Expression of PRSV-P Resistance Genes in Carica and Vasconcellea Identification, Characterisation and Expression of PRSV-P Resistance Genes in Carica and Vasconcellea Author Mohd Razali, Razean Haireen Published 2013 Thesis Type Thesis (PhD Doctorate) School School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences DOI https://doi.org/10.25904/1912/91 Copyright Statement The author owns the copyright in this thesis, unless stated otherwise. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366827 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au Identification, Characterisation and Expression of PRSV-P Resistance Genes in Carica and Vasconcellea Razean Haireen Mohd Razali MSc (Hons) School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology Griffith University Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) January 2013 Abstract Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is one of the major tropical fruit crops worldwide; however, commercial and local production is reduced by several diseases and pests. Papaya Ringspot Virus type P (PRSV-P) is a serious disease of Carica papaya, and all known varieties of papaya are susceptible. Vasconcellea parviflora is a PRSV-P susceptible species. Researchers have identified PRSV-P resistant genes in Vasconcellea spp., which were formerly included in the genus Carica. Of the 21 Vasconcellea species, only one, Vasconcellea pubescens sometimes called Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis, has been consistently reported worldwide to be resistant or immune to PRSV-P for more than 60 years. In a previous study at Griffith University in Southeast Queensland, a functional PRSV-P resistance marker was identified in a mapping population of F2 plants of V. pubescens x V. parviflora. The resistance (R) gene identified in V. pubescens, prsv-1, was a possible resistance gene candidate, as it segregated 100 % with plants that were resistant to the virus. It was ideally suited for further investigation because of its dominant nature, and because the resistance resembles immunity. The marker was shown to exhibit homology to a serine threonine protein kinase (STK) gene. STK is one of the important proteins responsible for defence signal transduction related to resistance of a range of plant pathogens including viruses. In this study, an approach for the development of PRSV-P resistant transgenic papaya by transferring R genes from V. pubescens to C. papaya was proposed. It was hypothesized that cloned resistance genes from V. pubescens could be used to develop transgenic papaya that would be resistant to PRSV-P without the need for extensive breeding or backcrossing programs. Genomic analysis and characterization of resistance genes in wild relatives of papaya, together with the recent sequencing of papaya genome by Hawaiian researchers provided a new tool that can be used to isolate possible R genes from C. papaya and related Vasconcellea species. The sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of genes from V. pubescens suggested that a kinase gene which may be derived from an alternative splicing might work together with other R genes in a mechanism called ‘guarding’ to confer resistance. A hypersensitive response (HR) was observed in F3,RR (homozygous dominant for the putative R genes) hybrids of V. pubescens x V. parviflora, BC2 [(V. pubescens x V. parviflora; BC1, Rr) x V. parviflora] and BC4 [(V. pubescens x V. parviflora; BC3, Rr) x V. parviflora] when they were inoculated with PRSV-P. Results of quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) showed an up-regulated expression of PRSV-P coat protein gene in C. papaya and down-regulated expression of PRSV-P coat protein gene in V. pubescens. A highly efficient regeneration system is required if transgenic plants are to be regenerated from transformed plant cells. The problems in transformation protocols are usually low transgene efficiency and low rates of regeneration of transformed plants. Thus an efficient protocol for regeneration of plants from somatic embryogenesis was necessary. These include optimization of media composition for the various stages of regeneration. A refined protocol for papaya embryogenesis and regeneration has been developed for transformation of the putative resistance genes from V. pubescens into C. papaya. The results of a bioinformatics analysis and study of the putative R genes in the research described in this thesis are leading towards identification and a better understanding of PRSV-P resistance genes in V. pubescens and should lead to the development of a new source of PRSV-P resistance in papaya genotypes. Declaration of originality "This work has not previously been submitted for a degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge and belief, the thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in the thesis itself." Razean Haireen Mohd Razali 15 January 2013 Acknowledgements I would like to express my appreciation to my supervisors, Professor Rod Drew, Dr. Sarah Ashmore and Dr. Cameron Peace for their support, guidance, encouragement and kindness throughout my research. My gratitude to Allah for giving the patience to my beloved parents and family during their long wait for the completion of this thesis. You all provided the motivation and inspiration throughout the journey of my study. For my kind and loving husband, I dedicate special thanks for his endurance, support, sacrifices, patience and the memories we treasure of Brisbane and Malaysia for the duration of my phD study. I would like to acknowledge and thank my sponsor, Malaysian Agriculture Research Institute (MARDI), the officers and friends; Rogayah, Ainu Husna, Izyani, Shukri, Rosliza, Tosiah, Alia and all the SR Microbiology staff who were supportive and encouraged me to finish my writing. I must also acknowledge Dr. Jeremy who helped me much in understanding real time RT- PCR. Last but not least, I would like also to thank my fellow workmates, Chutchamas- Kanchana-Udomkan for being the best lab mate and friend of mine, Salman Alamery, Chris O’Brien and all that were indirectly involved and supported me during my study. List of Sections Page Table of content i-xiv CHAPTER 1: Literature review 1 1.0. Carica papaya L. 2 1.1. Overview of Carica papaya L. 2 1.1.1.Taxanomy 2 1.1.2. Botany 2 1.1.3. Origin and distribution 3 1.1.4. Food and medicinal importance 4 1.1.5. Economic 5 1.1.6. Pests and diseases in C. papaya industry 6 1.2. Papaya Wild Relatives 8 1.2.1. Vasconcellea pubescens 8 1.2.2. Vasconcellea parviflora 9 1.3. Papaya Ringspot Virus type P (PRSV-P) disease 11 1.3.1. Overview of the Papaya Ringspot Virus type P (PRSV-P) 11 disease 1.3.1.1. Etiology 11 1.3.1.2. Epidemiology 11 1.3.1.3. PRSV-P symptoms 12 1.3.1.4. Economical impact 13 1.4. PRSV-P management strategy 13 1.4.1. Non transgenic approach 13 1.4.1.1. PRSV-P management using traditional 13 approach 1.4.1.2. PRSV-P management through intergeneric 14 hybridization 1.4.1.3. Marker-assisted selection in PRSV-P 16 management 1.4.2.Transgenic approach to PRSV-P resistance 17 1.4.2.1. Resistant transgenic papaya using coat protein- 17 mediated resistance i 1.4.2.2. Resistant transgenic papaya using RNA- 20 mediated resistance 1.4.2.3. Transgenic resistance using cloned resistance 20 (R) genes 1.5. Specificity of plant disease resistance 22 1.5.1. The relationship between non specific and specific 22 resistance 1.5.2. Resistance (R) genes in plants 23 1.5.2.1. Classes of R genes 24 1.5.2.2. Nucleotide-binding site (NBS) genes 26 1.5.2.3. Leucine-rich-repeat (LRRs) genes 29 1.5.2.4. Kinase genes 31 1.6. C. papaya genome sequencing and the R genes positional 33 1.6.1. Papaya transformation and regeneration 34 1.7. The study aims 35 CHAPTER 2 : Isolation and characterization of a previously identified 36 STK gene Introduction 37 Materials and Methods 39 2.0. Re-amplification of the STK gene corresponding to the SCAR 39 marker 2.1. Plant material 39 2.1.1. DNA extraction from leaf tissue 39 2.1.2. Visualising DNA by electrophoresis on agarose gel 40 2.1.3. Re-amplification of identified STK fragment 41 2.2. Amplification of a STK gene in C. papaya and V. pubescens 41 2.2.1. Primer design and PCR amplification 41 2.2.2. Purification of PCR amplified products 42 2.3. Characterization of STK gene in C. papaya and V. pubescens 43 2.3.1. Cloning and transformation of purified PCR products 43 2.3.2. PCR Colony screening 43 ii 2.3.3. Plasmid extraction 43 2.3.4. Restriction enzyme analysis 44 2.3.5. DNA Big Dye Terminator labelling, purification 44 and sequencing 2.3.6. Sequence analysis 45 Results 46 2.4. Re-amplification of identified STK gene fragment in C. papaya and 46 V. pubescens 2.5. Amplification of partial sequence of a STK gene in C. papaya and 46 V. pubescens Discussion 48 2.6. Validation of identified STK gene fragment in C. papaya and V. 48 pubescens 2.7. Amplification of STK gene in C. papaya and V. pubescens 48 Conclusion 49 CHAPTER 3: Identification and characterization of novel putative 50 resistance (R) genes Introduction 51 Materials and Methods 53 3.0. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction 53 (RACE-PCR) 3.1. Generation of cDNA 53 3.1.1. Total RNA extraction 53 3.1.2. Assessment of RNA quality and quantity 53 3.1.3. First-strand RACE cDNA synthesis 54 3.2. RACE-PCR amplification 54 3.2.1. Primer design for RACE-PCR 54 3.2.2. Amplification of STK, LRR and NBS-LRR gene fragments 55 3.2.3.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Survey, Incidence and Serological Identification of Papaya Leaf Curl Virus in Eastern Uttar Pradesh
    Indian Phytopath. 68 (1) : 123-126 (2015) SHORT COMMUNICATION Survey, incidence and serological identification of Papaya leaf curl virus in eastern Uttar Pradesh D.K. DUBEY1, A.K. TIWARI2* and P.P. UPADHYAY1 1Department of Botany, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273 009, Uttar Pradesh, India 2Central Lab, U.P. Council of Sugarcane Research, Shahjahnapur 242 001, Uttar Pradesh, India Key words: Papaya, Geminivirus, TLCNDV, DAC-ELISA, disease incidence Papaya (Carica papaya L; family ‘Caricaceae’) is an During survey, 5-35% incidence of papaya leaf curl important fruit crop believed to be native of southern disease was recorded. A total of 65 locations were Mexico and neighboring Central America. It is grown in surveyed and the maximum disease incidence of 35% tropical and subtropical countries all over the world. India was recorded at nearly 12 locations (Table 1). The is the largest producer of papaya in the world. The limiting incidence of PLCV was higher in mature and older plants factor of papaya cultivation is its susceptibility to ring spot, in comparison to young plants. The maximum disease leaf curl, mosaic and distortion diseases (6). Among incidences were recorded during July-March. these, papaya leaf curl disease caused by PLCV is one The most common symptoms observed were severe of most serious threat to papaya cultivation in most of curling, crinkling and rolling of leaves, reduction and papaya-growing countries. Papaya leaf curl disease is deformation of petioles, internodes and main shoots. The caused by bipartite geminivirus (3).The vector associated leaves were drastically reduced in size and showed vein with disease is identified as whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) (5).
    [Show full text]
  • Frequent Occurrence of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus in Tomato Leaf Curl Disease Afected Tomato in Oman M
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Frequent occurrence of Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus in tomato leaf curl disease afected tomato in Oman M. S. Shahid 1*, M. Shafq 1, M. Ilyas2, A. Raza1, M. N. Al-Sadrani1, A. M. Al-Sadi 1 & R. W. Briddon 3 Next generation sequencing (NGS) of DNAs amplifed by rolling circle amplifcation from 6 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants with leaf curl symptoms identifed a number of monopartite begomoviruses, including Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), and a betasatellite (Tomato leaf curl betasatellite [ToLCB]). Both TYLCV and ToLCB have previously been identifed infecting tomato in Oman. Surprisingly the NGS results also suggested the presence of the bipartite, legume-adapted begomovirus Mungbean yellow mosaic Indian virus (MYMIV). The presence of MYMIV was confrmed by cloning and Sanger sequencing from four of the six plants. A wider analysis by PCR showed MYMIV infection of tomato in Oman to be widespread. Inoculation of plants with full-length clones showed the host range of MYMIV not to extend to Nicotiana benthamiana or tomato. Inoculation to N. benthamiana showed TYLCV to be capable of maintaining MYMIV in both the presence and absence of the betasatellite. In tomato MYMIV was only maintained by TYLCV in the presence of the betasatellite and then only at low titre and efciency. This is the frst identifcation of TYLCV with ToLCB and the legume adapted bipartite begomovirus MYMIV co-infecting tomato. This fnding has far reaching implications. TYLCV has spread around the World from its origins in the Mediterranean/Middle East, in some instances, in live tomato planting material.
    [Show full text]
  • An Unusual Alphasatellite Associated with Monopartite Begomoviruses Attenuates Symptoms and Reduces Betasatellite Accumulation
    Journal of General Virology (2011), 92, 706–717 DOI 10.1099/vir.0.025288-0 An unusual alphasatellite associated with monopartite begomoviruses attenuates symptoms and reduces betasatellite accumulation Ali M. Idris,1,2 M. Shafiq Shahid,1,3 Rob W. Briddon,3 A. J. Khan,4 J.-K. Zhu2 and J. K. Brown1 Correspondence 1School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA J. K. Brown 2Plant Stress Genomics Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, [email protected] Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 3National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, PO Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan 4Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al-Khod 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman The Oman strain of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV-OM) and its associated betasatellite, an isolate of Tomato leaf curl betasatellite (ToLCB), were previously reported from Oman. Here we report the isolation of a second, previously undescribed, begomovirus [Tomato leaf curl Oman virus (ToLCOMV)] and an alphasatellite from that same plant sample. This alphasatellite is closely related (90 % shared nucleotide identity) to an unusual DNA-2-type Ageratum yellow vein Singapore alphasatellite (AYVSGA), thus far identified only in Singapore. ToLCOMV was found to have a recombinant genome comprising sequences derived from two extant parents, TYLCV-OM, which is indigenous to Oman, and Papaya leaf curl virus from the Indian subcontinent. All possible combinations of ToLCOMV, TYLCV-OM, ToLCB and AYVSGA were used to agro-inoculate tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana. Infection with ToLCOMV yielded mild leaf-curl symptoms in both hosts; however, plants inoculated with TYLCV-OM developed more severe symptoms.
    [Show full text]
  • Principles of Disease Management in Fruit Crops
    International Clinical Pathology Journal Research Article Open Access Principles of disease management in fruit crops Introduction Volume 4 Issue 5 - 2017 India is the second largest producer of fruits in the world, contributing 10% of the total production. But, the total production is quite below (45.496million tons from 37.96million hectares) SK Thind the requirements at the recommended dietary allowances of 90gm Punjab Agricultural University, India of fruits per capita per day as laid by Indian Council of Medical Correspondence: SK Thind, Punjab Agricultural University, Research. Accordingly, 90million tones of fruits are required to Ludhiana–141 004, Punjab, India, Email [email protected] feed the one billion population of India. Since, it is not possible to attain such a high target, as plant diseases are the major constraints Received: April 17, 2017 | Published: May 16, 2017 in increasing the productivity of fruit crops. Huge pre–and post– harvest losses are caused by various fruit diseases and unfavorable environments leading to the total failure of the crops. Citrus decline, apple scab, mango malformation, guava wilt, fire blights, banana disease produces several valuable signs/symptoms and they are bunchy top and wilt, brown rots of stone fruits, crown galls, downy collectively called syndrome. Spore–is a minute propagating unit and powdery mildews are the destructive fruit diseases causing huge responsible for the production of new individuals of the same species. losses to the fruit industry worldwide.1 Intensive agriculture provides Inoculums–is the infectious material or portion of the pathogen that greatest opportunities for the buildup of many new diseases and can cause a disease.
    [Show full text]
  • Tomato Leaf Curl Sudan Virus (TLCSDV) Causing Leaf Curl Disease on a New Host Amaranthus Cruentus L
    POJ 10(1):20-27 (2017) ISSN:1836-3644 doi: 10.21475/poj.10.01.17.292 Tomato Leaf Curl Sudan Virus (TLCSDV) causing leaf curl disease on a new host Amaranthus cruentus L. Sayed Sartaj Sohrab Special Infectious Agents Unit; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Amaranthus leaf curl disease symptom was observed in the farmer’s field based at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. This crop used as leafy vegetables in many countries. In this study, a field survey was conducted in April 2014 and naturally infected Amaranthus leaf samples were collected to identify the associated virus with leaf curl disease. The causative agent was transmitted through whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) from naturally infected leaves to healthy Amaranthus seedlings. The begomovirus infection was identified by PCR by using specific primers. The full viral genome was amplified by rolling circle amplification. The presence of betasatellites was also confirmed by using betasatellites specific primers. The full viral genomes as well as betasatellites were amplified, cloned and sequenced. The full-length viral genome sequence analysis showed the highest (99.9%) homology with Tomato leaf curl Sudan Virus infecting tomato reported from the Arabian Peninsula. The betasatellites sequence analysis showed the highest identity (99.3%) with Tomato leaf curl betasatellites-Yemen. The phylogenetic analysis was performed by using both full as well as betasatellites genome and full genome formed the closest cluster with Tomato leaf curl Sudan virus while betasatellites genome formed closed cluster with tomato yellow leaf curl Yemen betasatellites. The recombination analysis was performed and results showed that the associated virus could be a variant of Tomato leaf curl Sudan virus, a virus that occurs in Sudan, Yemen and Arabian Peninsula.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization, Phylogeny and Recombination Analysis of Pedilanthus Leaf Curl Virus-Petunia Isolate and Its Associated Betasat
    Shakir et al. Virology Journal (2018) 15:134 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-018-1047-y RESEARCH Open Access Characterization, phylogeny and recombination analysis of Pedilanthus leaf curl virus-Petunia isolate and its associated betasatellite Sara Shakir1,3, Muhammad Shah Nawaz-ul-Rehman1*, Muhammad Mubin1 and Zulfiqar Ali2 Abstract Background: Geminiviruses cause major losses to several economically important crops. Pedilanthus leaf curl virus (PeLCV) is a pathogenic geminivirus that appeared in the last decade and is continuously increasing its host range in Pakistan and India. This study reports the identification and characterization of PeLCV-Petunia from ornamental plants in Pakistan, as well as geographical, phylogenetic, and recombination analysis. Methods: Viral genomes and associated satellites were amplified, cloned, and sequenced from Petunia atkinsiana plants showing typical geminivirus infection symptoms. Virus-satellite complex was analyzed for phylogenetic and recombination pattern. Infectious clones of isolated virus and satellite molecules were constructed using a partial dimer strategy. Infectivity analysis of PeLCV alone and in combination with Digera yellow vein betasatellite (DiYVB) was performed by Agrobacterium infiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana and Petunia atkinsiana plants with infectious clones. Results: PeLCV, in association with DiYVB, was identified as the cause of leaf curl disease on P. atkinsiana plants. Sequence analysis showed that the isolated PeLCV is 96–98% identical to PeLCV from soybean, and DiYVB has 91% identity to a betasatellite identified from rose. Infectivity analysis of PeLCV alone and in combination with DiYVB, performed by Agrobacterium infiltration of infectious clones in N. benthamiana and P. atkinsiana plants, resulted in mild and severe disease symptoms 14 days after infiltration, respectively, demonstrating that these viruses are natural disease-causing agents.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Characterization of Tomato Leaf Curl Virus (Tolcv) in South Gujarat, India
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(3): 473-481 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 3 (2017) pp. 473-481 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.603.055 Molecular Characterization of Tomato Leaf Curl Virus (ToLCV) in South Gujarat, India M. Vanthana1*, L. Mahatma1, T.V. Ghevariya1 and R. Saranya2 1Department of Plant Pathology, NMCA, NAU, Navsari, Gujarat 396 450, India 2Department of Plant Pathology, JAU, Junagadh, Gujarat 362 001, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to characterize Leaf Curl Virus infecting tomato in south Gujarat region showing typical leaf curl symptom with upward/downward curling along K e yw or ds with vein clearing of the leaves. A part of DNA-A molecule of ~1200 bp was amplified with a Begomovirus specific primers confirming it to be Begomovirus. On sequencing, a 1125 Begomovirus, bp nucleotide sequence (Accession no- KU921251) was obtained. Amplified fragment had DNA-A, ToLCV, PCR, Phylogeny two genes viz., virus coat protein (V1) gene and pre coat protein (V2) gene. The sequenced virus showed highest identity (94%) with Tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus [Nepal] segment Article Info DNA A, [AY234383.1] followed by 93% sequence identity with thirteen different tomato Begomoviruses which were the strains/isolates of Tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus or Accepted: Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus [DQ629101.2]. The virus was named as Tomato leaf 10 February 2017 curl Gujarat virus [Nepal] [India:Nvs: LC:Tom:2016] and was abbreviated as ToLCGV Available Online: [Nepal] [India:Nvs: LC:Tom:2016].
    [Show full text]
  • Recovery Plan Cotton Leaf Curl Disease Caused by A
    Recovery Plan Cotton leaf curl disease caused by a leaf curl virus complex (Begomovirus, Geminiviridae): Whitefly-transmitted ssDNA viruses with ssDNA satellites, causing diseases of cotton, vegetables, and ornamentals December 15, 2016 (revised December 2, 2017) Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................... 1 Primary Contributor ............................................................................................................... 4 Reviewers ............................................................................................................................... 4 I. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 5 II. Signs and Symptoms ...................................................................................................... 15 III. Spread and Risk ............................................................................................................. 18 IV. Detection and Identification ........................................................................................... 21 V. USDA Pathogen Permits and Regulations ..................................................................... 22 VI. Response ........................................................................................................................ 23 VII. Economic Impact and Compensation ........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Surveillance of the Disease Incidence and Severity of Papaya Ringspot Virus at Four Selected Districts of Bangladesh F
    International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-3, Issue-6, Nov -Dec- 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/3.6.16 ISSN: 2456-1878 Surveillance of the Disease Incidence and Severity of Papaya Ringspot Virus at Four Selected Districts of Bangladesh F. Begum1*, N. Chakma1, M.B. Hossain1, A.H.Anik1, J. Lee2 and N. N. Tonu1 1Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh 2University of Victoria, Victoria BC-V8P 5C2, CANADA *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract— An experiment was conducted to survey the Papaya has also been regarded as medicinal as well as an prevalence of disease incidence and severity of Papaya industrial cash crop. Carpaine, an alkaloid present in ringspot virus (PRSV) at eight locations of four districts papaya, can be used as a heart depressant, amoebicide and in Bangladesh. Papaya is one of the most popular fruits diuretic (Burdic, 1971). Papain, extracted from green in the world. It suffers from several diseases including papaya, can be used in beverage, food, and fungi, bacteria, nematodes and viruses. Among them, pharmaceutical industries (Watt, 1989). viral diseases are found to cause considerable yield loss, Although papaya is successfully grown all over with the most important one being PRSV. The survey was Bangladesh, statistics regarding the papaya production is conducted at three plain districts and one hill tract area not satisfactory. In 2009-2010, papaya has been cultivated from July 2016 to December 2016. During the survey in 2790 ha of land with a total production of 40.42 t/ha period, six different symptoms were found in the selected (BBS, 2010) in contrast about 1, 13, 52, 202 tons’ fields and were identified as PRSV based on production of papaya in 2010 was in the world (FAO, symptomology.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview on Cotton Leaf Curl Disease: an Emerging Potential Threat to Cotton
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(10): 2154-2162 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 10 (2017) pp. 2154-2162 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Review Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.610.255 An Overview on Cotton Leaf Curl Disease: An Emerging Potential Threat to Cotton Anupam Maharshi1, N.K. Yadav1, Praveen Kumar3, Prachi Singh2*, Jagjeet Singh2 and Arpan Mukherjee2 1Cotton Research Station, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Sirsa -125055, India 2Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi-221005, India 3Cotton Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar -125055, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT K e yw or ds Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) caused by cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV), a geminivirus is one of the most destructive disease of cotton. The losses due to cotton leaf curl disease Cotton leaf curl vary from 10-90% across the cotton growing areas of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. disease (CLCuD), Cotton leaf curl virus belongs to family Geminiviridae, genus begomovirus and consists of Cotton leaf curl monopartite genome with circular, single stranded DNA. Typical symptoms of CLCuD, virus (CLCuV), includes thickening of veins and upward or downward curling of leaves, vein darkening and Cotton and enations. CLCuV subsist on alternate hosts like Brinjal, Cucurbits, Convolvulus arvensis, geminivirus . Rumex dentatus , Water melon, Cow pea and Lilly plants from where it is transmitted Article Info exclusively by vector whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) to the healthy cotton crop. CLCuD lowers fiber quality traits like ginning out turn, fiber length, fiber uniformity index, fiber fineness, Accepted: fiber bundle strength, and maturity ratio also deteriorated because of change in 21 September 2017 composition of major fiber components including cellulose, protein, wax and pectin.
    [Show full text]
  • Detection of Geminiviruses in Sweet Potato By
    Detection of Geminiviruses in Sweetpotato by Polymerase Chain Reaction Ruhui Li, Sarbagh Salih, and Suzanne Hurtt, United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Fruit Laboratory/Plant Germplasm Quarantine Office, Beltsville, MD 20705 and the sensitivity of the PCR was com- ABSTRACT pared with that of the grafting assay. Li, R., Salih, S., and Hurtt, S. 2004. Detection of geminiviruses in sweetpotato by polymerase chain reaction. Plant Dis. 88:1347-1351. MATERIALS AND METHODS Virus isolates. Twenty sweetpotato ac- Geminivirus infection of sweetpotato (Ipomoea spp.) germplasm acquired from foreign regions cessions naturally infected with viruses is common. Graft inoculation of the indicator host, Ipomoea setosa, is the accepted detection from Brazil, China, Guatemala, Guyana, method for these viruses, but the assay is laborious and requires up to 8 weeks. When infected Jamaica, Korea, Mexico, Puerto Rico, sweetpotato is subjected to meristem tip culture to eliminate these viruses, the eradication rate is Taiwan, and Vietnam were maintained in low. In this study, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection assay was developed for the detection of geminiviruses in a variety of sweetpotato cultivars. Different methods were evalu- the Plant Germplasm Quarantine Office ated to extract nucleic acids suitable for PCR from Ipomoea spp., and a reliable and simple ex- (PGQO) quarantine facilities. Most acces- traction method was developed for large-scale sample preparation. PCR products of the expected sions were cultivars, and several acces- sizes were amplified from infected plants using degenerate and virus-specific primers, but not sions from Taiwan were hybrids from from noninoculated indicator plants. PCR assays using three primer pairs detected nine unchar- crosses of I.
    [Show full text]
  • Controlling Epidemics of Emerging and Established Plant Virus Diseases - the Way Forward
    10th International Plant Virus Epidemiology Symposium Controlling Epidemics of Emerging and Established Plant Virus Diseases - The Way Forward 15-19 October 2007, ICRISAT Patancheru 502324, AP, India Program and Abstracts ® Organized and Hosted by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Program 10th International Plant Virus Epidemiology Symposium Controlling Epidemics of Emerging and Established Plant Virus Diseases - The Way Forward 15 - 19 October 2007 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Patancheru 502 324, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India Program and Abstracts Compiled by 1 2 3 P Lava Kumar , RAC Jones and F Waliyar 1International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Nigeria 2Agriculture Research Western Australia, Australia 3International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, India 10th Plant Virus Epidemiology Symposium, 15 – 19 Oct 07, ICRISAT, India i Program About ICRISAT The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) is a non-profit, non-political international for science based agricultural development. ICRISAT conducts research on sorghum, pearl millet, chickpea, groundnut and pigeonpea – crops that support the livelihoods of the poorest of the poor in the semi- arid tropics encompassing 48 countries. ICRISAT also shares information and knowledge through capacity building, publications, and information and communication technologies. Established in 1972, ICRISAT belongs to the Alliance of Centers supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) [www.icrisat.org; www.cgiar.org]. About IPVE International Plant Virus Epidemiology (IPVE) Group is a coordinated by the IPVE Committee of the International Society of Plant Pathology (ISPP). The ISPP was founded in 1968 in the United Kingdom to sponsor the development of plant pathology worldwide.
    [Show full text]