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1.9 Cotton Leaf Curl Disease (Clcud) in Pakistan

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1.9 Cotton Leaf Curl Disease (Clcud) in Pakistan Potential of SiRNA and Artificial MiRNAs Against Cotton Leaf Curl Burewala Virus V2 Gene Yielding Resistance to Begomoviruses Irfan Ali 2015 Department of Biotechnology (NIBGE) Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan Thesis Approval Form Student’s Name: Irfan Ali Department: Biotechnology (NIBGE) Registration Number:10-7-1-023-2008 Date of Registration: 24-04-2008 Thesis Title: RECOMMENDATION (if any) by: When the final thesis defense of the student has been concluded and all other requirements have been met, I a. Do Recommend that the candidate be certified to the faculty for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy b. Do Recommend that the candidate be certified to the faculty for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy subject to the minor correction in the thesis. c. Do Recommend that the candidate should reappear in the oral defense d. Do NOTRecommend that the candidate be certified to the faculty for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Examiners Signatures 1. Internal Examiner (Name & Affiliation): 2. Internal Examiner (Name & Affiliation): 3. Internal Examiner (Name & Affiliation): 4. Supervisor (Name & Affiliation): 5. Head of Department (Name): 6. Dean (Research) : Approved by: Head of the Department (Name) :___________________________ Signatures/Date ______________ Distribution: 1. Original to be placed in Student’s Personal file in the office of Dean (Research) 2. Copy to be included in the thesis prior to final submission. Thesis Submission Approval This is to certify that the work contained in this thesis entitled, Potential of SiRNAs and Artificial MiRNAs Against Cotton Leaf Curl Burewala Virus V2 Gene Yielding Resistance to Begomoviruses, was carried out by Irfan Ali, and in my opinion, it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, for the degree of Ph.D. Furthermore, it is hereby approved for submission for review and thesis defense. Supervisor: _____________________ Name: Prof. Dr. Rob. W. Briddon Date: 12 June, 2015 Place: NIBGE, Faisalabad. Co-Supervisor: __________________ Name: Prof. Dr. Shahid Mansoor (S.I) Date: 12 June, 2015 Place: NIBGE, Faisalabad. Head, Department of NIBGE: ___________________ Name: Prof. Dr. Shahid Mansoor (S.I) Date: 12 June, 2015 Place: NIBGE, Faisalabad. Potential of SiRNA and Artificial MiRNAs Against Cotton Leaf Curl Burewala virus V2 Gene Yielding Resistance to Begomoviruses Irfan Ali Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D 2015 Department of NIBGE Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan Dedications I dedicate my dissertation work to my parents (late), my wife and my children. A special gratitude to my parents in law whose words of encouragement and push for tenacity ring in my ears. ii Declaration of Originality I hereby declare that the work contained in this thesis and the intellectual content of this thesis are the product of my own work. This thesis has not been previously published in any form nor does it contain any verbatim of the published resources which could be treated as infringement of the international copyright law. I also declare that I do understand the terms ‘copyright’ and ‘plagiarism,’ and that in case of any copyright violation or plagiarism found in this work, I will be held fully responsible of the consequences of any such violation. __________________ (Irfan Ali) 06 June, 2015 NIBGE, Faisalabad. iii Copyrights Statement The entire contents of this thesis entitled “Potential of siRNA and artificial MiRNAs against Cotton leaf curl Burewala virus V2 gene yielding resistance to begomoviruses” by Irfan Ali are the intellectual property of Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS). No portion of the thesis should be reproduced without obtaining explicit permission from PIEAS. iv Acknowledgements All thanks are for “ALLAH” whose blessings enabled me to seek knowledge and invigorate me for this task. Words can’t express my feelings of thankfulness for “ALLAH” almighty. I offer my special gratitude and love to The Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon Him), the source of guidance for humanity as a whole forever. It is my utmost pleasure to avail this opportunity to gratitude to my supervisor Prof.Dr. Rob. W. Briddon whose presence was always a source of confidence for me. It is because of his support and encouragement that I faced various challenges of life and complete the research with patience. I really want to thank him for his personal interest, suggestions and lots of help in research work and writing of this manuscript. I offer my special thanks to Dr. Shahid Mansoor, Director NIBGE, for providing me lab facilities and NIBGE transport for sampling tours across the country. I couldn't find enough words to express my deep sense of gratitude for Dr. Shahid Mansoor, who has made a great contribution for the successful completion of this work. His skilful advices, sincere cooperation, and learned guidance enabled me to complete this work. I learned a lot from him and he has been a very kind teacher and for him no acknowledge could ever adequately express my obligation. He supported me in every walk of life and discussion with him always helped me to complete my PhD research. I want to extend my gratitude to Dr. Shahid Mehmood Baig for support and encouragement during my Ph. D. I am also thankful to Dr. Zafar Mehmood Khalid and Dr. Sohail Hameed (ex-Directors NIBGE) for their full support in my PhD. Special gratitude is due to Higher Education Commission of Pakistan for providing financial support to my studies and making my dreams come true. All the staff of HEC was very cooperative especially Miss Saima Naurin and Mr. Jehanzeb Khan. I am deeply indebted to Dr.Imran Amin for his cooperation, encouragement and useful suggestions in accomplishment of this work. I have respectful appreciation for Dr. Muhammad Saeed and Dr. Javaria Qazi for their all time available help and sincere cooperation. I want to thank all my seniors, Dr. Muhammad Shafiq v Shahid, Dr. Muhammad Tehseen Azhar,Dr. Luqman Amrao, Dr. Aamir Humayun Malik, Dr. Nazia Nahid, Saiqa Andleeb, Rohina Bashir, Dr. Muhammad Mubin and colleagues Huma Mumtaz, Musarrat Shaheen, Atiq ur Rehman, Dr. Nouman Tahir, Dr. Sohail Akhter, Dr. Zafar Iqbal, Muhammad Yusuf, Ghulam Rasool Baloch, Ghulam Rasool, Dr. Khadim Hussain, Muhammad Shafiq, Qamar Abbas, Imran Sohail, Alia, Ishtiaq Hasan, Iftikhar Ali, Fazal-e-Akbar, Rahimullah, Ms. Shaista Javaid, Mrs. Sumera Yousaf. I want to pay my special thanks to supporting staff of our lab, Ghulam Mustafa, Rizwan, Aamir, Shahid and Yasmin for their cooperation in lab work. I want to also acknowledge Prof. Dr. Thomas Hohn and Dr. Mikhael Pooggin, University of Basel, Switzerland, for they support. They involved me in various projects of lab, which helped me in better understanding of plant virology. I also want to acknowledge other lab members at University of Basel, Switzerland especailly Katiya, Nichelli, Dr Basanta K Borah, Dr. Rajeswaran and Jonathan for their support during my stay at his lab. I also want to appreciate Tanveer Mustafa and Mr. Ali Imran of University Cell. They always facilitated and never wasted my time in official hurdles. In the end, i want to express my heartiest gratitude to my parents. They raised me with great care and saved me from every hurdle of life. It was their great wish that i should complete my PhD. Although they are no more. But I know that they will the most happiest persons to see my PhD dissertation. I am writing this PhD dissertation because of their financial, moral support and prayers. I want to also pay my special thanks to my brothers and sisters. Finally, I want to express my gratitude to my parents in law. They have very important role in completion of my PhD studies. After the death of my parents, they always tried to prove themselves as my parents. May Allah bless all of them with great happiness forever. Irfan Ali vi Table of contents Title page........................................................................................................................i Dedications....................................................................................................................ii Declaration of Originality.............................................................................................iii Copyright Statement.....................................................................................................iv Acknowledgement.........................................................................................................v Table of Contents........................................................................................................vii List of Figures..............................................................................................................ix List of Tables..............................................................................................................xii Abstract......................................................................................................................xiii List of Publications and Patents..................................................................................xv List of Abbreviations.................................................................................................xvi Virus Acronyms.........................................................................................................xix CHAPTER 1 1 Introduction and review of literature ................................................................01
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