Controlling Epidemics of Emerging and Established Plant Virus Diseases - the Way Forward
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Bean Pod Mottle Virus Biology and Management in Iowa Jeffrey Donald Bradshaw Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2007 Bean pod mottle virus biology and management in Iowa Jeffrey Donald Bradshaw Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Entomology Commons, and the Plant Pathology Commons Recommended Citation Bradshaw, Jeffrey Donald, "Bean pod mottle virus biology and management in Iowa" (2007). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 15938. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/15938 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bean pod mottle virus biology and management in Iowa by Jeffrey Donald Bradshaw A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Co-majors: Entomology; Plant Pathology Program of Study Committee: Marlin E. Rice, Co-major Professor John. H. Hill, Co-major Professor Larry P. Pedigo Matthew E. O’Neal Gary P. Munkvold Daniel S. Nettleton Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2007 Copyright © Jeffrey Donald Bradshaw, 2007. All rights reserved. UMI Number: 3274880 Copyright 2007 by Bradshaw, Jeffrey Donald All rights reserved. UMI Microform 3274880 Copyright 2007 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. -
Survey, Incidence and Serological Identification of Papaya Leaf Curl Virus in Eastern Uttar Pradesh
Indian Phytopath. 68 (1) : 123-126 (2015) SHORT COMMUNICATION Survey, incidence and serological identification of Papaya leaf curl virus in eastern Uttar Pradesh D.K. DUBEY1, A.K. TIWARI2* and P.P. UPADHYAY1 1Department of Botany, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273 009, Uttar Pradesh, India 2Central Lab, U.P. Council of Sugarcane Research, Shahjahnapur 242 001, Uttar Pradesh, India Key words: Papaya, Geminivirus, TLCNDV, DAC-ELISA, disease incidence Papaya (Carica papaya L; family ‘Caricaceae’) is an During survey, 5-35% incidence of papaya leaf curl important fruit crop believed to be native of southern disease was recorded. A total of 65 locations were Mexico and neighboring Central America. It is grown in surveyed and the maximum disease incidence of 35% tropical and subtropical countries all over the world. India was recorded at nearly 12 locations (Table 1). The is the largest producer of papaya in the world. The limiting incidence of PLCV was higher in mature and older plants factor of papaya cultivation is its susceptibility to ring spot, in comparison to young plants. The maximum disease leaf curl, mosaic and distortion diseases (6). Among incidences were recorded during July-March. these, papaya leaf curl disease caused by PLCV is one The most common symptoms observed were severe of most serious threat to papaya cultivation in most of curling, crinkling and rolling of leaves, reduction and papaya-growing countries. Papaya leaf curl disease is deformation of petioles, internodes and main shoots. The caused by bipartite geminivirus (3).The vector associated leaves were drastically reduced in size and showed vein with disease is identified as whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) (5). -
Groundnut Rosette Disease and Their Diagnosis a F Murant, D J Robinson, and M E Taliansky 5
Citation: Reddy, D.V.R., Delfosse, P., Lenne, J.M., and Subrahmanyam, P. (eds.) 1997. Groundnut virus diseases in Africa: summary and recommendations of the Sixth Meeting of the International Working Group, 18-19 Mar 1996, Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa. (In En. Summaries in En, Fr, Pt) Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics; and 1000 Brussels, Belgium: Belgian Administration for Development Cooperation. 64 pp. ISBN 92-9066-358-8. Order code: CPE 109. Abstract The International Working Group Meeting on groundnut viruses in Africa reviewed progress made on the detection, identification, characterization, and management of groundnut viruses in Africa, with special emphasis on rosette and clump viruses. Country representatives summarized the status of research on groundnut viruses in their countries. In order to accomplish integrated management of rosette and clump virus diseases, it was agreed that consolidated efforts should be made to understand their epidemiology. Among the important aspects discussed were the provision of diagnostic aids and training in the identifi cation and detection of viruses for the national agricultural research systems in Africa, and strengthening of laboratory facilities. Scientists from Burkina Faso, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa, and Zimbabwe, and from Bel gium, Germany, India, UK, and USA attended the meeting, which was the first gathering of so many plant virologists in -
Frequent Occurrence of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus in Tomato Leaf Curl Disease Afected Tomato in Oman M
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Frequent occurrence of Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus in tomato leaf curl disease afected tomato in Oman M. S. Shahid 1*, M. Shafq 1, M. Ilyas2, A. Raza1, M. N. Al-Sadrani1, A. M. Al-Sadi 1 & R. W. Briddon 3 Next generation sequencing (NGS) of DNAs amplifed by rolling circle amplifcation from 6 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants with leaf curl symptoms identifed a number of monopartite begomoviruses, including Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), and a betasatellite (Tomato leaf curl betasatellite [ToLCB]). Both TYLCV and ToLCB have previously been identifed infecting tomato in Oman. Surprisingly the NGS results also suggested the presence of the bipartite, legume-adapted begomovirus Mungbean yellow mosaic Indian virus (MYMIV). The presence of MYMIV was confrmed by cloning and Sanger sequencing from four of the six plants. A wider analysis by PCR showed MYMIV infection of tomato in Oman to be widespread. Inoculation of plants with full-length clones showed the host range of MYMIV not to extend to Nicotiana benthamiana or tomato. Inoculation to N. benthamiana showed TYLCV to be capable of maintaining MYMIV in both the presence and absence of the betasatellite. In tomato MYMIV was only maintained by TYLCV in the presence of the betasatellite and then only at low titre and efciency. This is the frst identifcation of TYLCV with ToLCB and the legume adapted bipartite begomovirus MYMIV co-infecting tomato. This fnding has far reaching implications. TYLCV has spread around the World from its origins in the Mediterranean/Middle East, in some instances, in live tomato planting material. -
Interaction of a Plant Virus-Encoded Protein with the Major Nucleolar Protein Fibrillarin Is Required for Systemic Virus Infection
Interaction of a plant virus-encoded protein with the major nucleolar protein fibrillarin is required for systemic virus infection Sang Hyon Kim†, Stuart MacFarlane†, Natalia O. Kalinina†‡, Daria V. Rakitina†‡, Eugene V. Ryabov§, Trudi Gillespie†, Sophie Haupt†, John W. S. Brown†, and Michael Taliansky†¶ †Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom; ‡A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; and §Horticulture Research International, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, United Kingdom Communicated by Bryan D. Harrison, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom, May 17, 2007 (received for review April 4, 2007) The nucleolus and specific nucleolar proteins are involved in the life Umbraviruses have RNA genomes and differ from most other cycles of some plant and animal viruses, but the functions of these viruses in that they do not encode a coat protein (CP) and so do not proteins and of nucleolar trafficking in virus infections are largely produce conventional virus particles in infected plants (15, 16). unknown. The ORF3 protein of the plant virus, groundnut rosette Nevertheless, they accumulate and spread efficiently within the virus (an umbravirus), has been shown to cycle through the infected plant; their lack of a CP is compensated for by the ORF3 nucleus, passing through Cajal bodies to the nucleolus and then protein. This protein fulfils umbraviral functions that are normally exiting back into the cytoplasm. This journey is absolutely required provided by the CPs of other plant viruses, such as long-distance for the formation of viral ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) that, movement of viral RNA through the phloem (17, 18). -
Viral Diseases of Soybeans
SoybeaniGrow BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES Chapter 60: Viral Diseases of Soybeans Marie A.C. Langham ([email protected]) Connie L. Strunk ([email protected]) Four soybean viruses infect South Dakota soybeans. Bean Pod Mottle Virus (BPMV) is the most prominent and causes significant yield losses. Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) is the second most commonly identified soybean virus in South Dakota. It causes significant losses either in single infection or in dual infection with BPMV. Tobacco Ringspot Virus (TRSV) and Alfalfa Mosaic Virus (AMV) are found less commonly than BPMV or SMV. Managing soybean viruses requires that the living bridge of hosts be broken. Key components for managing viral diseases are provided in Table 60.1. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the symptoms, vectors, and management of BPMV, SMV, TRSV, and AMV. Table 60.1. Key components to consider in viral management. 1. Viruses are obligate pathogens that cannot be grown in artificial culture and must always pass from living host to living host in what is referred to as a “living or green” bridge. 2. Breaking this “living bridge” is key in soybean virus management. a. Use planting dates to avoid peak populations of insect vectors (bean leaf beetle for BPMV and aphids for SMV). b. Use appropriate rotations. 3. Use disease-free seed, and select tolerant varieties when available. 4. Accurate diagnosis is critical. Contact Connie L. Strunk for information. (605-782-3290 or [email protected]) 5. Fungicides and bactericides cannot be used to manage viral problems. 60-541 extension.sdstate.edu | © 2019, South Dakota Board of Regents What are viruses? Viruses that infect soybeans present unique challenges to soybean producers, crop consultants, breeders, and other professionals. -
Sequence Diversity Within the Three Agents of Groundnut Rosette Disease
Virology Sequence Diversity Within the Three Agents of Groundnut Rosette Disease C. M. Deom, R. A. Naidu, A. J. Chiyembekeza, B. R. Ntare, and P. Subrahmanyam First author: Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Sciences Building, The University of Georgia, Athens 30602-7274; second and fifth authors: Genetic Resources and Enhancement Program (GREP), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), P.O. Box 1096, Lilongwe, Malawi; third author: Department of Agricultural Research and Technical Services, Chitedze Agricultural Research Station, Lilongwe, Malawi; fourth author: GREP, ICRISAT, P.O. Box 320, Bamako, Mali. Current address of R. A. Naidu: Department of Plant Pathology, The University of Georgia, Athens 30602-7274. Accepted for publication 5 December 1999. ABSTRACT Deom, C. M., Naidu, R. A., Chiyembekeza, A. J., Ntare, B. R., and isolates within a geographic region but less conserved (88 to 89%) be- Subrahmanyam, P. 2000. Sequence diversity within the three agents of tween isolates from the two distinct geographic regions. Phylogenetic groundnut rosette disease. Phytopathology 90:214-219. analysis of the overlapping ORFs 3 and 4 show that the GRV isolates cluster according to the geographic region from which they were iso- Sequence diversity was examined in the coat protein (CP) gene of lated, indicating that Malawian GRV isolates are distinct from Nigerian Groundnut rosette assistor virus (GRAV), the overlapping open reading GRV isolates. Similarity within the sat-RNA sequences analyzed ranged frames (ORFs) 3 and 4 of Groundnut rosette virus (GRV), and the satel- from 88 to 99%. Phylogenetic analysis also showed clustering within the lite RNA (sat-RNA) of GRV obtained from field isolates from Malawi sat-RNA isolates according to country of origin, as well as within isolates and Nigeria. -
An Unusual Alphasatellite Associated with Monopartite Begomoviruses Attenuates Symptoms and Reduces Betasatellite Accumulation
Journal of General Virology (2011), 92, 706–717 DOI 10.1099/vir.0.025288-0 An unusual alphasatellite associated with monopartite begomoviruses attenuates symptoms and reduces betasatellite accumulation Ali M. Idris,1,2 M. Shafiq Shahid,1,3 Rob W. Briddon,3 A. J. Khan,4 J.-K. Zhu2 and J. K. Brown1 Correspondence 1School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA J. K. Brown 2Plant Stress Genomics Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, [email protected] Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 3National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, PO Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan 4Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al-Khod 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman The Oman strain of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV-OM) and its associated betasatellite, an isolate of Tomato leaf curl betasatellite (ToLCB), were previously reported from Oman. Here we report the isolation of a second, previously undescribed, begomovirus [Tomato leaf curl Oman virus (ToLCOMV)] and an alphasatellite from that same plant sample. This alphasatellite is closely related (90 % shared nucleotide identity) to an unusual DNA-2-type Ageratum yellow vein Singapore alphasatellite (AYVSGA), thus far identified only in Singapore. ToLCOMV was found to have a recombinant genome comprising sequences derived from two extant parents, TYLCV-OM, which is indigenous to Oman, and Papaya leaf curl virus from the Indian subcontinent. All possible combinations of ToLCOMV, TYLCV-OM, ToLCB and AYVSGA were used to agro-inoculate tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana. Infection with ToLCOMV yielded mild leaf-curl symptoms in both hosts; however, plants inoculated with TYLCV-OM developed more severe symptoms. -
Bidding, Contract Documents and Specifications For
Bidding, Contract Documents and Specifications for 2018 HMA Overlay Projects: Bid Package #2018-HMA-01 Bid Package #2018-SUB-01 NOBLE COUNTY, INDIANA NOBLE COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS Gary Leatherman, President Dave Dolezal, Vice President Anita Hess, Member Prepared by: Zachary S. Smith, P.E. Date: May 8, 2017 1118 E. Main St. Albion, IN 46701 260-636-2124 [email protected] NOTICE TO BIDDERS Notice is hereby given by the Noble County Board of Commissioners that they will receive sealed bids for the following; Bid Package # 2018-HMA-01 Bid Package # 2018-SUB-01 Sealed bids are to be received in the Auditor’s Office by 2:30 pm on June 22, 2018. Mail or deliver to the Noble County Auditor, 101 N. Orange St., Albion, IN 46701. Bids will be opened during the Commissioner's meeting in the Commissioner’s Room at the Noble County Courthouse, 101 N. Orange St., Albion, Indiana 46701 on Monday, June 25, 2018 at 9:00 am EST. Bidders may submit bids on any or all packages, however, the bid for each package should be sealed in a minimum size envelope of 9”x12” and shall bear the name of the bidder and the Bid Package number for the respective bid on the outside of the envelope. All bidders must furnish with their bids a Bid Bond or Certified Check equal to 10% of the total bid payable to the Noble County Board of Commissioners. A combination Bid/Performance Bond equal to 100% of the total price will be acceptable. All bids shall be on the appropriate forms, completely sign and filled out and bound with the contract documents. -
Identification, Characterisation and Expression of PRSV-P Resistance Genes in Carica and Vasconcellea
Identification, Characterisation and Expression of PRSV-P Resistance Genes in Carica and Vasconcellea Author Mohd Razali, Razean Haireen Published 2013 Thesis Type Thesis (PhD Doctorate) School School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences DOI https://doi.org/10.25904/1912/91 Copyright Statement The author owns the copyright in this thesis, unless stated otherwise. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366827 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au Identification, Characterisation and Expression of PRSV-P Resistance Genes in Carica and Vasconcellea Razean Haireen Mohd Razali MSc (Hons) School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology Griffith University Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) January 2013 Abstract Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is one of the major tropical fruit crops worldwide; however, commercial and local production is reduced by several diseases and pests. Papaya Ringspot Virus type P (PRSV-P) is a serious disease of Carica papaya, and all known varieties of papaya are susceptible. Vasconcellea parviflora is a PRSV-P susceptible species. Researchers have identified PRSV-P resistant genes in Vasconcellea spp., which were formerly included in the genus Carica. Of the 21 Vasconcellea species, only one, Vasconcellea pubescens sometimes called Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis, has been consistently reported worldwide to be resistant or immune to PRSV-P for more than 60 years. In a previous study at Griffith University in Southeast Queensland, a functional PRSV-P resistance marker was identified in a mapping population of F2 plants of V. pubescens x V. parviflora. The resistance (R) gene identified in V. -
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Bean Pod Mottle Virus (BPMV) Is Wide Ies Each of a Large (L) and Small (S) Coat Reported (13,49)
Loren J. Giesler University of Nebraska, Lincoln A Threat Bean pod Said A. Ghabrial to U.S. University of Kentucky, Lexington mottle Thomas E. Hunt Soybean University of Nebraska, Lincoln John H. Hill virus Production Iowa State University, Ames Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) is wide ies each of a large (L) and small (S) coat reported (13,49). BPMV RNA-1 encodes spread in the major soybean-growing areas protein (CP) of 41 kDa and 22 kDa, re five mature proteins required for replica in the southern and southeastern United spectively. The S-CP occurs in two major tion (from 5' to 3': a protease cofactor States. A severe outbreak of BPMV in the size classes, the intact protein and a C- [32K], a putative helicase [58K], a viral north central and northern Great Plains terminus truncated version. As a conse genome-linked protein [VPg], a protease states is currently causing serious concern quence of this heterogeneity, BPMV viri [24K], and a putative RNA-dependent to soybean growers and to the soybean ons have two electrophoretic forms, a RNA polymerase, RdRp [87K]), whereas industry in this region (30). BPMV is effi slow- and a fast-migrating form, each con RNA-2 encodes a putative cell-to-cell ciently transmitted in nature, within and taining both M and B nucleoprotein com movement protein and the two coat pro between soybean fields, by several species ponents. Intact S-CP converts to the C teins (13,49). of leaf-feeding beetles. The deleterious terminus-truncated form with ageing of the effects of BPMV infection not only reduce virions and involves a specific, yet little Historical Perspective yield but also reduce seed quality, as seeds understood, proteolytic processing at the Zaumeyer and Thomas first described from infected plants may be discolored.