Ultrastructure of Human Spleen in Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscope
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Te2, Part Iii
TERMINOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGICA Second Edition International Embryological Terminology FIPAT The Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology A programme of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) TE2, PART III Contents Caput V: Organogenesis Chapter 5: Organogenesis (continued) Systema respiratorium Respiratory system Systema urinarium Urinary system Systemata genitalia Genital systems Coeloma Coelom Glandulae endocrinae Endocrine glands Systema cardiovasculare Cardiovascular system Systema lymphoideum Lymphoid system Bibliographic Reference Citation: FIPAT. Terminologia Embryologica. 2nd ed. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, February 2017 Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019) Creative Commons License: The publication of Terminologia Embryologica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part of this international standard terminology should use the above bibliographic reference to cite this terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by users. IFAA member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other works that might be considered derivative should write to the Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a derivative work. Caput V: ORGANOGENESIS Chapter 5: ORGANOGENESIS -
Regulate CD4 T Cell Responses Dependent Red Pulp Macrophages − CSF-1
CSF-1−Dependent Red Pulp Macrophages Regulate CD4 T Cell Responses Daisuke Kurotaki, Shigeyuki Kon, Kyeonghwa Bae, Koyu Ito, Yutaka Matsui, Yosuke Nakayama, Masashi Kanayama, This information is current as Chiemi Kimura, Yoshinori Narita, Takashi Nishimura, of September 29, 2021. Kazuya Iwabuchi, Matthias Mack, Nico van Rooijen, Shimon Sakaguchi, Toshimitsu Uede and Junko Morimoto J Immunol published online 14 January 2011 http://www.jimmunol.org/content/early/2011/01/14/jimmun Downloaded from ol.1001345 Supplementary http://www.jimmunol.org/content/suppl/2011/01/14/jimmunol.100134 Material 5.DC1 http://www.jimmunol.org/ Why The JI? Submit online. • Rapid Reviews! 30 days* from submission to initial decision • No Triage! Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists by guest on September 29, 2021 • Fast Publication! 4 weeks from acceptance to publication *average Subscription Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription Permissions Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html Email Alerts Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts The Journal of Immunology is published twice each month by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 2011 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. Published January 14, 2011, doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1001345 The Journal of Immunology CSF-1–Dependent Red Pulp Macrophages Regulate CD4 T Cell Responses Daisuke Kurotaki,*,† Shigeyuki Kon,† Kyeonghwa Bae,† Koyu Ito,† Yutaka Matsui,* Yosuke Nakayama,† Masashi Kanayama,† Chiemi Kimura,† Yoshinori Narita,‡ Takashi Nishimura,‡ Kazuya Iwabuchi,x Matthias Mack,{ Nico van Rooijen,‖ Shimon Sakaguchi,# Toshimitsu Uede,*,† and Junko Morimoto† The balance between immune activation and suppression must be regulated to maintain immune homeostasis. -
Cells, Tissues and Organs of the Immune System
Immune Cells and Organs Bonnie Hylander, Ph.D. Aug 29, 2014 Dept of Immunology [email protected] Immune system Purpose/function? • First line of defense= epithelial integrity= skin, mucosal surfaces • Defense against pathogens – Inside cells= kill the infected cell (Viruses) – Systemic= kill- Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites • Two phases of response – Handle the acute infection, keep it from spreading – Prevent future infections We didn’t know…. • What triggers innate immunity- • What mediates communication between innate and adaptive immunity- Bruce A. Beutler Jules A. Hoffmann Ralph M. Steinman Jules A. Hoffmann Bruce A. Beutler Ralph M. Steinman 1996 (fruit flies) 1998 (mice) 1973 Discovered receptor proteins that can Discovered dendritic recognize bacteria and other microorganisms cells “the conductors of as they enter the body, and activate the first the immune system”. line of defense in the immune system, known DC’s activate T-cells as innate immunity. The Immune System “Although the lymphoid system consists of various separate tissues and organs, it functions as a single entity. This is mainly because its principal cellular constituents, lymphocytes, are intrinsically mobile and continuously recirculate in large number between the blood and the lymph by way of the secondary lymphoid tissues… where antigens and antigen-presenting cells are selectively localized.” -Masayuki, Nat Rev Immuno. May 2004 Not all who wander are lost….. Tolkien Lord of the Rings …..some are searching Overview of the Immune System Immune System • Cells – Innate response- several cell types – Adaptive (specific) response- lymphocytes • Organs – Primary where lymphocytes develop/mature – Secondary where mature lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells interact to initiate a specific immune response • Circulatory system- blood • Lymphatic system- lymph Cells= Leukocytes= white blood cells Plasma- with anticoagulant Granulocytes Serum- after coagulation 1. -
USC 591.4: 591.441: 597/599 MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES of the SPLENIC RED PULP Ph.D. in Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Du
INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS IN MODERN SCIENCE № 4 (4), 2016 USC 591.4: 591.441: 597/599 MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE SPLENIC RED PULP Ph.D. in Biological Sciences, associate professor, Dunaievska O. F. Zhytomyr National Agroecological University, Ukraine, Zhytomyr The spleen is an important peripheral organ of the sanguification and immune defense. In vertebrates and humans, it is formed by the support- contractile apparatus, as well as by the white and red pulps. The red pulp consists of the soft splenic cords, reticular stromal systems, and sinuses, including vascular structures. The relative area of red pulp is an important test criterion of the organ. It takes from 48,95% to 84,3% in the vertebrates, and from 71,4% to 83,6% in humans. It depends on the class, type, race, sex, breed, the age of animals, or the person's age and physiological state. The indicator of red pulp’s relative area is used as a biomarker in the environment bioindication. Any change of its values indicates the changes of the environmental conditions. Determination of the morphological standards in the organs and tissues according to the animals’ age, species, and breed aspects is used in the prevention of diseases, effective treatment, and getting the high-quality food. The test criteria of the spleen are important while studying the effect of pharmacological drugs, conditions of animal sustentation and feeding. Determination of splenic morphometric parameters is of the great practical importance, particularly in surgery, laboratory diagnostics, and development of the medical measures. Keywords: spleen, morphology, fish, frogs, birds, mammals, human. Spleen belongs to the peripheral organ of the sanguification and immune protection; it is presented in all vertebrates. -
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis Generates Ly-6Chigh Monocytes That Infiltrate Atherosclerotic Lesions
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis Generates Ly-6Chigh Monocytes that Infiltrate Atherosclerotic Lesions The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Robbins, Clinton S., Aleksey Chudnovskiy, Philipp J. Rauch, Jose- Luiz Figueiredo, Yoshiko Iwamoto, Rostic Gorbatov, Martin Etzrodt, et al. 2012. “Extramedullary Hematopoiesis Generates Ly-6C High Monocytes That Infiltrate Atherosclerotic Lesions.” Circulation 125 (2): 364–74. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.111.061986. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:41384259 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Circulation. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 January 17. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptPublished NIH-PA Author Manuscript in final edited NIH-PA Author Manuscript form as: Circulation. 2012 January 17; 125(2): 364±374. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.061986. Extramedullary Hematopoiesis Generates Ly-6Chigh Monocytes that Infiltrate Atherosclerotic Lesions Clinton S. Robbins, PhD1,*, Aleksey Chudnovskiy, MS1,*, Philipp J. Rauch, BS1,*, Jose-Luiz Figueiredo, MD1, Yoshiko Iwamoto, BS1, Rostic Gorbatov, BS1, Martin Etzrodt, BS1, Georg F. Weber, MD1, Takuya Ueno, MD, PhD1, Nico van Rooijen, PhD2, Mary Jo Mulligan-Kehoe, PhD3, Peter -
201028 the Lymphatic System 2 – Structure and Function of The
Copyright EMAP Publishing 2020 This article is not for distribution except for journal club use Clinical Practice Keywords Immunity/Anatomy/Stem cell production/Lymphatic system Systems of life This article has been Lymphatic system double-blind peer reviewed In this article... l How blood and immune cells are produced and developed by the lymphatic system l Clinical significance of the primary and secondary lymphoid organs l How the lymphatic system mounts an immune response and filters pathogens The lymphatic system 2: structure and function of the lymphoid organs Key points Authors Yamni Nigam is professor in biomedical science; John Knight is associate The lymphoid professor in biomedical science; both at the College of Human and Health Sciences, organs include the Swansea University. red bone marrow, thymus, spleen Abstract This article is the second in a six-part series about the lymphatic system. It and clusters of discusses the role of the lymphoid organs, which is to develop and provide immunity lymph nodes for the body. The primary lymphoid organs are the red bone marrow, in which blood and immune cells are produced, and the thymus, where T-lymphocytes mature. The Blood and immune lymph nodes and spleen are the major secondary lymphoid organs; they filter out cells are produced pathogens and maintain the population of mature lymphocytes. inside the red bone marrow, during a Citation Nigam Y, Knight J (2020) The lymphatic system 2: structure and function of process called the lymphoid organs. Nursing Times [online]; 116: 11, 44-48. haematopoiesis The thymus secretes his article discusses the major become either erythrocytes, leucocytes or hormones that are lymphoid organs and their role platelets. -
Nomina Histologica Veterinaria, First Edition
NOMINA HISTOLOGICA VETERINARIA Submitted by the International Committee on Veterinary Histological Nomenclature (ICVHN) to the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists Published on the website of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists www.wava-amav.org 2017 CONTENTS Introduction i Principles of term construction in N.H.V. iii Cytologia – Cytology 1 Textus epithelialis – Epithelial tissue 10 Textus connectivus – Connective tissue 13 Sanguis et Lympha – Blood and Lymph 17 Textus muscularis – Muscle tissue 19 Textus nervosus – Nerve tissue 20 Splanchnologia – Viscera 23 Systema digestorium – Digestive system 24 Systema respiratorium – Respiratory system 32 Systema urinarium – Urinary system 35 Organa genitalia masculina – Male genital system 38 Organa genitalia feminina – Female genital system 42 Systema endocrinum – Endocrine system 45 Systema cardiovasculare et lymphaticum [Angiologia] – Cardiovascular and lymphatic system 47 Systema nervosum – Nervous system 52 Receptores sensorii et Organa sensuum – Sensory receptors and Sense organs 58 Integumentum – Integument 64 INTRODUCTION The preparations leading to the publication of the present first edition of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria has a long history spanning more than 50 years. Under the auspices of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists (W.A.V.A.), the International Committee on Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature (I.C.V.A.N.) appointed in Giessen, 1965, a Subcommittee on Histology and Embryology which started a working relation with the Subcommittee on Histology of the former International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee. In Mexico City, 1971, this Subcommittee presented a document entitled Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft as a basis for the continued work of the newly-appointed Subcommittee on Histological Nomenclature. This resulted in the editing of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft II (Toulouse, 1974), followed by preparations for publication of a Nomina Histologica Veterinaria. -
B-Chapter 2.P65
1 2 3 4 CHAPTER 2 / MICROANATOMY OF MAMMALIAN SPLEEN 11 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 The Microanatomy 12 13 of the Mammalian Spleen 14 15 Mechanisms of Splenic Clearance 16 17 18 19 FERN TABLIN, VMD, PhD, JACK K. CHAMBERLAIN, MD, FACP, 20 AND LEON WEISS, MD 21 22 23 2.1. INTRODUCTION 2.2.1. CAPSULE AND TRABECULAE The human spleen 24 weighs approx 150 g, in adults, and is enclosed by a capsule com- The spleen is a uniquely adapted lymphoid organ that is dedi- 25 posed of dense connective tissue, with little smooth muscle (Faller, cated to the clearance of blood cells, microorganisms, and other 26 1985; Weiss, 1983, 1985). This arrangement reflects the minimal particles from the blood. This chapter deals with the microanatomy 27 contractile role of the capsule and trabeculae in altering the blood of the spleen, its highly specialized extracellular matrix compo- volume of the human spleen, under normal circumstances. The 28 nents, distinctive vascular endothelial cell receptors, and the extra- capsule measures 1.1–1.5 mm thick, and is covered by a serosa, 29 ordinary organization of the venous vasculature. We also address except at the hilus, where blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics 30 the cellular mechanisms of splenic clearance, which are typified by enter the organ. There are two layers of the capsule: This can be 31 the vascular organization of the spleen; mechanisms and regula- determined by the orientation of collagen fibers (Faller, 1985), 32 tion of clearance, and the development of a unique component; which are moderately thick and uniform, but which become finer 33 specialized barrier cells, which may be essential to the spleen’s in the deeper regions, where the transition to pulp fibers occurs. -