The Great East Earthquake: A Chronicle in Title English from March 11 to March 25

Author(s) MACHIMURA, Takashi

DISASTER, INFRASTRUCTURE AND SOCIETY: Learning from Citation the 2011 Earthquake in Japan = 災害・基盤・社会 ――東日本大震災から考える(1): 278-290

Issue Date 2011-12

Type Journal Article

Text Version publisher

URL http://hdl.handle.net/10086/22107

Copyright (c) 2011 Study Group on Infrastructure Right and Society All rights reserved

Hitotsubashi University Repository Special Issue The Great East Japan Earthquake Chronicle The Great East Japan Earthquake: A Chronicle in English from March 11 to March 25 Takashi MACHIMURA

In this volume, two chronicles of the 2011 disaster is still provisional, and the covered period is two in Japan are presented. While the Japanese version weeks after the quake. Events are also divided into covers occurrences from March 11 to May 11, 2011, several groups of items, such as government; politics two months after the Earthquake, this English version and economy; nuclear accidents; damages of and is abridged, and covers up to March 25. recovery from earthquakes and tsunami; lifeline and As most events happened in a Japanese-speaking infrastructure; activities in civil society; impact of world, the original chronicle was edited in Japanese. nuclear accidents; urban life, culture and media. It includes more than 11,000 items on various events This is not a finished product but just a starting for two months after the quake. For the convenience point. We hope that these manifold facts can of international readers, the following abridged contribute to better understanding of what actually version was edited in English. A part of translation happened in Japan since March 11.

Abbreviation for an English version

A: Asahi Shimbun, a newspaper in Japan 朝日新聞 AEC:（Japan）Atomic Energy Commission (an advisory body in the Cabinet Office) 原子力委員会 ANEP: Act on Special Measures Concerning Nuclear Emergency Preparedness 原子力災害対策特別措置法 Cabinet Office: Cabinet Office, Government of Japan内閣府 CNIC: the Citizen`s Nuclear Information Center (a -based NGO established by scientists and civic activists in 1975) 原子力資料情報室 DMAT: Disaster Medical Assistance Team 災害派遣医療チーム DPJ: the Democratic Party of Japan 民主党 FDMA: Fire and Disaster Management Agency (of MIC)（総務省）消防庁 Fukushima Daiichi NPP: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant 福島第一原子力発電所 GoJ: Government of Japan 日本政府 GSI: Geographical Survey Institute 国土地理院 IAEA: International Atomic Energy Agency 国際原子力機関 INES: International Nuclear Event Scale 国際原子力事象評価尺度 Investigation Committee on the Accident at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Stations 東京電力福島原子力発電所 における事故調査・検証委員会 JAEA: Japan Atomic Energy Agency (a quasi-governmental agency) 独立行政法人日本原子力研究開発機構

Takashi MACHIMURA, Hitotsubashi University

Disaster, Infrastructure and Society : Learning from the 2011 Earthquake in Japan No.1 2011 278 The Great East Japan Earthquake Chronicle Special Issue

The Great East Japan Earthquake: A Chronicle in English from March 11 to March 25

Takashi MACHIMURA

JANIC: Japan NGO Center for International Cooperation 国際協力 NGO センター JMA: Japan Meteorological Agency 気象庁 JNCSW: Japan National Council of Social Welfare 全国社会福祉協議会 JR-EAST: East Japan Railway Company 東日本旅客鉄道株式会社（JR 東日本） LDP: Liberal Democratic Party 自民党 MAFF: Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 農林水産省 METI: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Ministry of Industry) 経済産業省 MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Ministry of Education) 文部科学省 MHLW: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare 厚生労働省 MIC: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications 総務省 MLIT: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism 国土交通省 MOD：Ministry of Defense 防衛省 MOE: Ministry of the Environment 環境省 MOFA: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外務省 NERH: Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters (a temporary headquarter established in Cabinet Office)原子 力災害対策本部 NHK: Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai, Japan Broadcasting Corporation 日本放送協会 NIRS：National Institute of Radiological Sciences 放射線医学総合研究所 NISA: Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency, (a branch of METI) 原子力安全・保安院 NK: Nihon Keizai Shimbun (The Nikkei), a newspaper in Japan 日本経済新聞 NPA: National Police Agency 警察庁 NSC: The Nuclear Safety Commission（an independent agency established within the Cabinet of Japan）原子力 安全委員会 NTT EAST: Nippon Telegraph and Telephone East Corporation 東日本電信電話株式会社（NTT 東日本） PM: Prime Minister 内閣総理大臣（首相） Reconstruction Design Council (RDC): Reconstruction Design Council in response to the Great East Japan Earthquake 東日本大震災復興構想会議 Reconstruction Headquarters (RH): Reconstruction Headquarters in response to the Great East Japan Earthquake (a coordinating organization in Cabinet Secretariat) 東日本大震災復興対策本部 SDF: Self-Defense Forces 自衛隊 SPEEDI: System for Prediction of Environmental Emergency Dose Information (National information system operated by the Nuclear Safety Technology Center, a quasi-governmental organization under the initiative of the MEXT) 緊急時迅速放射能影響予測ネットワークシステム TEPCO: The Tokyo Electric Power Co. 東京電力株式会社 TMG: Tokyo Metropolitan Government 東京都（都庁） (UN)OCHA: United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs国連人道問題調整部 Y: Yomiuri Shimbun, a newspaper in Japan 読売新聞

Disaster, Infrastructure and Society : Learning from the 2011 Earthquake in Japan No.1 2011 279 Table 1 A chronicle of The Great East Japan Earthquake: From March 11 to March 25 Tsunami and Earthquake: Impacts of Nuclear Urban Life, Media & Disaster: Overview National Government Nuclear Accidents Economy and Politics Infrastructure Civil Society Damages & Recovery Disaster Culture 14:46 (05:46 GMT) 14:50 Ministry of Defense 14:52 • Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power 19:03 Prime Minister Naoto • Major factories of Nissan, • After earthquake most 14:57 NTT DOCOMO started Earthquake of magnitude established disaster requested dispatch of SDF. Plant has 6 reactors. when the quake Kan declared a Nuclear Honda, Toyota, Sumitomo railways and subways were Disaster Message Board Service (M) 9.0 occurred off the headquarters (own site) (A) occurred, Unit 4 had been de-fuelled Emergency Situation Metal, Sony, Nippon Paper, stopped in East Japan. by mobile phone.(NTT east coast of Japan 15:14 Prime Minister 15:02 Mityagi Prefecture and Unit 5 and 6 were in cold 19:30 Minister of Defense Kirin Brewery, etc. located • Fujinuma Dam in DOCOMO) • Many aftershocks established Headquarters for requested dispatch of SDF. shutdown for planned maintenance dispatched the Self-Defense in East Japan stopped their Fukushima collapsed, and 8 17:39 Chief Cabinet Secretary occurred, with more than Emergency Disaster Control (A) 14:46 NPP of Fukushima Daiichi & Forces for nuclear disaster operation. people went missing. (Nikkei Edano requested commuters to 500 over M5.0 until the (A) 16:47 Daini, Onagawa were shutdown operation (A) Construction) stay at offices due to no train end of May. Only those 18:00 Minister of Defense requested dispatch of SDF. automatically 21:23 Government of 16:00 Haneda Airport in services. (A) over M6.0 will be shown dispatched the Self-Defense (A) 14:47 Fukushima Daiichi lost Japan(GoJ) instructed residents Tokyo reopened, but Narita 18:20 55,000 guests stayed at in this chronicle Forces for earthquake • Tsunami flooded areas external power source living within a 3 km zone of Airport closed until next Tokyo Disney Land without 14:51 Aftershock (M6.8), disaster relief (A) totaled 561km2 in total , 15:27 Tsunami (1st wave) hit Fukushima Daiichi NPP to morning. public transportation. (NK) 14:58 (M6.4), 15:06 19:03 Prime Minister 327km2, Fukushima Daiichi NPP evacuate, and those in 3-10 km • Major streets in Tokyo were 20:10 Chief Cabinet Secretary (M6.4) declared a Nuclear Fukushima Pref. 112km2, 15:37 Daiichi NPP lost all electric zone to stay indoors. all jammed with cars. requested public buildings should 15:08 Aftershock (M7.4) Emergency Situation Iwate Pref. 58km2. power sources 18:00 4.4 million houses be opened for commuters without 15:15 Aftershock (M7.7) (Geographical Survey 15:42 TEPCO notified GoJ of have no electricity in Tohoku. transportation. (A) 15:26 Aftershock (M7.2) Institute) radiation doze above limit (based on (A) 21:33 NHK, Japan's public • Tsunami hit • City hall buildings were ANEP, Article 10) • Direct message by Twitter, broadcasting corporation, Ofunato(15:18, 8.0+m), collapsed by tsunami in 16:36 Nuclear Emergency Situation mailing by Smartphone were officially started live streaming 3/11 Miyako(15:26, 8.0+m), Rikuzentakada, was notified (based on ANEP, available almost just after its TV program on Internet. (Fri) Ishinomaki(15:26, Minamisanriku, Onagawa, Article15) quake. (A) (NHK) 8.1+m), Soma(15:51, Otsuchi etc. 17:00 First projection of SPEEDI • Calling by Skype was • National Police Agency decided 9.3+m), Yokohama(17:38, • Night In Kesennuma a was reported, but it was not released available several hours after on a policy for regulation of false 155cm), Tokyo(19:16, large fire occurred because until March 23 (A) the quake. (A) rumor. (A) 1.5m) (JMA) of spilled oil from damaged • Around 17:00 Fuel rod of Unit 1 • NTT-East Japan: 18 telecom • In Greater Tokyo area, 2.6 • Aftershock 16:15 tanks. began to be exposed (reported later, buildings collapsed, 23 million commuters stayed at (M6.8), 16:29 (M6.5), NISA) buildings were submerged, office or temporary facilities at 17:12 (M6.4), 17:19 • Around 18:00 Meltdown of Unit 1 65,000 poles and 6,300km of night, 6 million made a long- (M6.7), 17:47 (M6.0), occurred (reported later, NISA) aerial cable were lost or distance walk home. (estimate of 20:36 (M6.7), 22:15 damaged. (NTT-East) Mitsubishi Research Institute, (M6.2) MRI)

3:59 Earthquake in 7:11 Prime Minister Naoto 7:00 MHLW announced that 1:00 Ambient radiation dose rate 5:44 GoJ instructed residents • Major retail and food • 6,680 mobile phone base 4:00 94,000 commuters unable to • Disaster volunteer centers Nagano (M6.6) Kan visited Fukushima at least 181 social welfare began to rise. (reported later, NISA) living within 10 km of companies started to send stations of NTT DOCOMO get home stayed at public were established in Ibaraki 4:03 Aftershock (M6.2) Daiichi NPP by helicopter. facilities were affected. (A) 15:00 Nuclear and Industrial Safety Fukushima Daiichi NPP to food and drinks to affected and 3,800 base stations of facilities in Tokyo Prefecture Pref., Aomori Pref., and 22:15 Aftershock (M6.0) • Prime Minister Kan • SDF, police, firemen, local Agency (NISA) evaluated this evacuate. (NK) areas. KDDI were off the air. (A) (Sankei) Urayasushi City. (JNCSW) ordered Defense Minister to fire brigade (Shobodan) incident as level 4 of 7 on the INES. 17:39 GoJ instructed residents • Power supply was cut off at • Supporting website for affected • NGOs (Civic Force, Japan expand members of searched for survivors and (A) living within 10 km of 5 million households in libraries (savelibrary) and Platform, Peace Winds Japan, emergency rescue unit to rescued them. (A, NK) 15:36 Reactor building of Unit 1 Fukushima Daini NPP to Tohoku and Greater Tokyo museums (savemuseum) were etc) sent an advance party to 100,000. (A) • 1,126 emergency fire exploded. (A) evacuate. (A) regions. opened (DNP artscape site) Tohoku. • Vice minister of MHLW response teams were sent to 18:00 Prime Minister ordered 18:25 GoJ instructed residents • Softbank started free access • Citizen's Nuclear Information said that volunteers should damaged areas from all over TEPCO to pour seawater into plants. within 20 km of Fukushima service to Wi-Fi spot in Center (CNIC), a Tokyo-based not enter into damaged areas Japan. (NK) (A) Daiichi NPP to evacuate. (A) whole Japan until April 6. independent watchdog 3/12 at present. (NK) • US Navy began to • US Nuclear Regulatory (Softbank) organization, started live (Sat) transport goods to damaged Commission (NRC) sent two streaming of press conference areas by air from Atsugi experts to Japan. (A) on Fukushima NPP by Ustream. Base. (A) (CNIC) • Japanese Society for Traumatic Stress Studies opened a supporting website for disaster relief. (JSTSS)

Disaster, Infrastructure and Society: Learning from the 2011 Earthquake in Japan No.1 2011 280 Tsunami and Earthquake: Impacts of Nuclear Urban Life, Media & Disaster: Overview National Government Nuclear Accidents Economy and Politics Infrastructure Civil Society Damages & Recovery Disaster Culture 7:13 Aftershock (M6.0) 19:59 Prime Minister Kan • US aircraft carrier Ronald 8:00 Fuel rod of Unit 3 began to be 12:00 120,369 residents near • Nissan stopped operation 8:00 about 2.1million • Nagoya International Women's • Joint Committee for 7:30 JMA had canceled all agreed with implementation Reagan arrived off east exposed. (NISA) NPP had evacuated; among in all factories in Japan. households have no Marathon was cancelled. Coordinating and Supporting Tsunami Warning in East of rolling blackout in coast of Japan. (A) those, 60,000 from evacuation- electricity in Tohoku and • A lot of people in Tokyo area Volunteers (established by Japan coastal areas. (A) TEPCO area from March 14. • SDF, police, firemen, local instructed area and 60,000 Kanto region. (A) rushed into stores to buy dairy Central Community Chest of 8:25 Aftershock (M6.2) (A) fire brigade (Shobodan) voluntarily from other areas. 13:00 NTT-East: 1.5million goods before rotating blackout. Japan etc.) sent an advance 10:00 National Police • UNOCHA's disaster searched for survivors and (Fukushima Minpo) fixed-line phones are out of (Nikkan Sports) party to affected area. (own Agency (NPA) reported coordinating experts arrived rescued them. • Fukushima Pref. Government service due to a shortage of • Supporting website for affected site) 763 died and 639 were in Japan. (MOFA) confirmed that 22 residents power in telecom buildings. archives (savearchives) was missing. (A) • MOFA announced were exposed to radiation. (A) (NTT-East) opened. (DNP artscape site) 10:26 Aftershock (M6.4) international rescue teams • French Embassy urged French • Japan Post announced 596 3/13 20:37 Aftershock (M6.0) arrived from South Korea, nationals to leave Tokyo post offices are out of service Singapore, Germany, region. (A) at present. (A) (Sun) Switzerland, China, U.S., U.K., New Zealand, and Turk, by this day, and would arrive from France and Mexico on 14th. (A)

10:02 Aftershock (M6.2) 21:03 Chief Cabinet • Defense Minister 11:01 Reactor building of Unit 3 20:56 SDF moved major staffs • Toyota, Nissan, Mitsubishi, • Rolling blackout in TEPCO • MEXT reported total 3,401 • Earth Day-Tokyo released 15:13 Aftershock (M6.3) Secretary said meltdown established Joint Task exploded. (A) from offsite center of NPP to Suzuki, and Honda (except services area (Day 1, public elementary, junior high, "Urgent statement about a great 22:00 FDMA reported might occur in Unit 1, 2, 3 Force-TOHOKU. (until July 13:25 TEPCO reported Unit 2 lost Kooriyama, due to emergency one factory) stopped 0.1million houses were high and other public schools had earthquake from ground day 1,154 died and 1,956 were (NK) 1) (NK) cooling ability. (Tokyo Shinbun) at Unit 2. (SDF) operation in all factories in affected) began in the no class. (A) Tokyo," asking for saving missing (FDMA) • Ministry of Defense • MAFF announced it sent 18:25 Fuel rod of Unit 2 began to be • NIRS released a public Japan. (A) evening. • TMG began to call on people to power and stopping nuclear decided to make Disaster foods for 690,000 and exposed. (NK) statement, "Don't take • NEC stopped operation in • Tokyo Metro cut its train voluntarily refrain from having power plant with risk. (own Call-Up of 6,500 drinks for 710,000 to 22:00 Reactor 3 came to a partial commercially available major offices and factories runs into about a half of the parties and events at public site) Reserve/Ready Reserve affected areas. (A) meltdown. (A) products containing iodine. in Greater Tokyo Region. normal day to prepare for parks. (A) • Japan Civil Network for Personnel (NK) • MHLW announced it will 23:00 Reactor 2 came to a partial Beware of un founded (NK) rotating blackout. (NK) • NHK announced it would Disaster Relief in East Japan, send supporting teams for meltdown. (A) information on the Internet." • Nikkei Stock Average • GoJ sent email to 24million suspend midnight broadcasting of Japan Platform, Good mental health care to (NIRS) dropped by 6.1 % at Tokyo mobile phone users in East Education channel and BS2 from Neighbors Japan and other affected areas on 15th. (A) • At night, Katsurao Village, Stock Exchange. (NK) Japan via NTT DOCOMO, March 15 to 19 in order to save NGOs started their activities in located outside of the 20km • GoJ reported the quantity asking them to save power. power. affected area. (own site) 3/14 area, instructed residents to of water ordered by super • NPA called on drivers in • Major private broadcasting • Japan Red Cross Society, a evacuate "voluntarily." markets increased by ten Greater Tokyo area to refrain companies resumed TV major recipient in Japan, began (Mon) (Fukushima Minpo) times as before on March 13 from driving a car during the commercials from the morning of to accept donation. (NK) • US aircraft carrier Ronald and 14. (A) period of rotating blackout 13th, but stopped again after the Reagan and other vessels because there were no signal explosion of Unit 3 at Fukushima moved away from the coast of lights. Daiichi. (Nikkan Sports) Tohoku in order to keep away from airborne radiation. (NK)

Disaster, Infrastructure and Society: Learning from the 2011 Earthquake in Japan No.1 2011 281 Tsunami and Earthquake: Impacts of Nuclear Urban Life, Media & Disaster: Overview National Government Nuclear Accidents Economy and Politics Infrastructure Civil Society Damages & Recovery Disaster Culture 22:32 Earthquake of M6.4 5:35 Prime Minister Kan • US Gov. allocated $35 0:02 Reactor 2 vented steam with 4:00 In Iwaki, Fukushima Pref., • Toyota stopped operations • Rolling blackout (Day 2, • TMG detected low level 18:30 Tanpoposha, a Tokyo- occurred in Shizuoka visited TEPCO and decided million to Operation high level radioactive materials. 23.72 µSv/h was in all factories in Japan. 5.0 million houses) started at radiation in Tokyo in the morning based independent watchdog 23:00 NPA reported that GoJ and TEPCO established “Tomodachi” (“friendship” (NK) detected.(Fukushima Minpo) (NK) 7:00. (NK) organization on nuclear power 4,851 died, 14,428 were Joint Headquarter for in Japanese) (UNOCHA, 6:00 The sound of explosion was 11:00 Prime minister ordered 9:00 Large scale system 1:00 MLIT announced that • Austrian Embassy moved its plant, had an emergency missing, and 523,288 Nuclear Accidents at the Mar 15). heard from the building of Unit 4. residents living in 20-30 km failure happened at Mizuho TEPCO and railway functions from Tokyo to Osaka. meeting. (own website) evacuated (A) TEPCO building (A) (NK) zone of Fukushima Daiichi to Bank, caused by a massive companies had agreed on • Fukushima District Public 19:00 CNIC released press 22:20 SDF opened 7:00 Ambient radiation dose rate stay indoors. (A) concentration of relief priority in supply to railways. Prosecutor's Office's Iwaki conference at The Foreign decontamination station at recorded one of its peaks. (JAEA 13:20 Taiwan Government donation. (A) (NK) Branch released more than 10 Correspondents' Club of Japan Fukushima Medical estimate, 201108) designated Tokyo as a warning 15:00 A drop of 10.5% was suspects in custody. (A) by Ustream. (CNIC) University (SDF) 8:30 TEPCO said all workers except area for visitors. (The Liberty recorded at Tokyo Stock • Batteries and flashlights were • Disaster volunteer center was • MOFA gave a lecture on fifty staffs had already evacuated Times, Taiwan) Exchange (the 3rd largest sold out in many electric established in Miyagi Pref., nuclear accident to 120 from Fukushima Daiichi NPP. (A) 16:20 Iitate Village recorded decline in postwar history). appliance stores in Tokyo. Fukushima Pref. and Sendai diplomats from 60 countries 9:38 Fire occurred in Unit 4. (A) 44.2µSv/h. (A) (NK) (Nikkan Sports) City. (JNCSW) • MHLW and METI 16:40 Fukushima City recorded • Mizuho Bank closed its • National Theater in Tokyo • JEN, a Tokyo-based NGO, 3/15 announced that exposure 24.2 µSv/h. (A) Iwaki Branch in Fukushima decided to close from March 15 started its activities in Sendai. (Tue) limit of NPP workers will be • Rainfall was reported from Pref. in the morning. (NK) to 27. (A) (JEN) temporarily loosened from the evening, which caused high • Major recording companies 100 to 250mSv/year (A) radioactive contamination in postpone the release of CDs and • Emperor and Empress the North-east of NPP. DVDs. (Nikkan Sports) started "voluntary • At night, radiation of 195-330 blackout"(Koshitsu) µSv/h was detected in Namie, a neighboring town of NPP. (A)

0:24 Aftershock (M6.0) 8:30 Chief Cabinet Secretary • SDF and other rescue 5:00 Ambient radiation dose rate 8:00 Fukushima Pref. • Toyota announced that all • Rolling blackout (Day 3, 11:15 Edano asked people to • Coalition for Legislation to 12:52 Aftershock (M6.0) said, "As containment vessel teams continued to search recorded one of its peaks. (JAEA announced that low level factories would be closed 10.9million houses) refrain from hoarding gasoline. Support Citizen’s Organizations of Unit 3 crippled, for survivors estimate, 201108) radioactive materials were from March 17 to 22. (NK) • Yamanote Line, Keihin- (A) (C’s) held a public meeting of radioactive steam might be • US Armed Force and SDF 7:00 TEPCO reported temperature detected in the drinking water tohoku Line of JR-East, • Japan FM Network Association GoJ and disaster assistance vented." (A) cooperated to work for of spent fuel pools rose in Unit 5 of Fukushima City. (A) Ginza Line, Marunouchi started live streaming of 6 FM NPOs (own site) 16:30 Imperial Household disaster assistance. US Air and 6. (A) • US Embassy recommended Line, and Nanboku Line of stations in Tohoku region and Agency released videotaped Force removed rubbles in 10:40 10 mSv/h was detected at the nationals living within 80 miles Tokyo Metro returned to TOKYO FM on the Internet. message of Emperor Akihito. Sendai Airport. US Marines gate of Fukushima Daiichi NPP. (A) from NPP should leave. (A) normal operation. (Aera (NK) (NK) in Okinawa joined activities • UK, Germany, and other Mook) • SDF set forth the Scheme (NK) governments recommended 3/16 for the Transportation of nationals in Tokyo and nearby Relief Supplies from Local areas should consider (Wed) Governments and the Private evacuation. (A) Sector. (NK) • GoJ Cabinet Secretariat established Volunteer Coordination Office. (A)

Disaster, Infrastructure and Society: Learning from the 2011 Earthquake in Japan No.1 2011 282 Tsunami and Earthquake: Impacts of Nuclear Urban Life, Media & Disaster: Overview National Government Nuclear Accidents Economy and Politics Infrastructure Civil Society Damages & Recovery Disaster Culture • US Department of Defense 9:48 SDF helicopter sprayed cooling 15:38 Korean Embassy 13:45 Minister of Industry, • Rolling blackout recorded • Metropolitan Police • A network organization for announced it will send 9 water to spent fuel pool of Unit 3 in recommended nationals living Kaieda commented that its peak (Day4, total Department requested people to supporting sexual minority nuclear experts to Japan. (A) Fukushima Daiichi NPP. (NK) within 80 miles of the NPP large-scale unexpected 18.1million houses) pay attention to crime during submitted a request for fair • MHLW established a 17:00 Metropolitan Police should leave. (A) blackouts might happen in 16:00 MLIT directed railway rotating blackout time on treatment of sexual minority in provisional standard on food Department's high-pressure water • Nuclear experts in supporting the Metropolitan Area, companies in Greater Tokyo Internet. (own site) disaster-affected area to GoJ safety, responding to nuclear cannons tried to spray water onto companies had been dispatched because demand might area to reduce their operation • NPA requested an organization Emergency Disaster accidents. (A) Unit 3, but in fail. (A) to Fukushima NPP; 60 from surpass supply. (A) in evening commuting time of major Internet providers to Headquarters. (own site) Toshiba; 47 from Hitachi; 30 • H&M announced a part of of 17th (A) give alert to those who send false • Charity Platform, a Tokyo- from IHI. (NK) its headquarters function • MLIT reopened Sendai rumors via the Internet. (NPA) based NPO, started a website • MOFA said 8 countries, will be moved to Osaka Airport (NK) • Japanese Society for Rights of for accepting donated goods including Panama, Croatia and from Tokyo. (NK) • NPA reported 4 traffic Authors, Composers and from companies, named Liberia, closed their embassies • Idemitsu resumed its oil injury accidents occurred at Publishers (JASRAC) announced "Dekirukoto." (own site) 3/17 in Tokyo temporarily. (A) factory in Shiogama, Miyagi crossings during rotating it exempts users in affected areas (Thu) • Foreign residents who wished Pref. (NK) blackouts on March 16 and from paying royalties for to leave Japan made a long line 17 (A) copyrights. in immigration offices in Tokyo • Kanda Matsuri Festival in to get a reentry permit. (Nikkan Tokyo, held in coming May, was Sports) canceled by its organizing meeting. (A)

22:00 FDMA reported 16:46 Korean President, Lee • Iwate Prefecture made a 10:36 Cooling function of • US Environmental Protection • Oriental Land Co. • Rolling blackout (Day 5, 15:00 Science Council of Japan • CNIC submitted a petition on 3,870 died and 8,437 were Myung-bak, visited Japanese large-scale search for Fukushima Daini NPP was restored. Agency and US Department of announced Tokyo Disney 13.6 million houses) held an emergency meeting on Fukushima Daiichi NPP to GoJ. still missing. Reported Embassy in Seoul to make a missing people. Its (A) Energy announced radioactive Land would be closed for a • Rate of operation in disaster in Northeast Japan and (CNIC) refugees amounted to call to express his executive said their 14:00 SDF began to spray water to materials were detected on the while. (A) railways in Tokyo: Yamanote nuclear emergency. (own site) • Solidarity Network with 398,509 (FDMA) condolence. It was the first activities will focus more on cool Unit 3 of Fukushima Daiichi West Coast. (A) • Moodys Japan and S&P Line, Keihintohoku Line and 17:00 750 Refugees from Migrants Japan proposed visit of Korean President. refugee assistance after this. NPP. (NK) • Iodine was detected in the announced they downgraded Saikyo Line of JR-East were Fukushima arrived at Saitama emergency appeal for (The Chosunilbo, South (A) 14:42 US Armed Force's high- drinking water of Tochigi, the rating of TEPCO. (NK) normal; Tokyo Metro Lines Super Arena. (A) supporting foreign migrants to Korea) • Iwate Prefecture pressure water cannons sprayed Gunma, Chiba, Saitama, • Sumitomo Metal partially are about 80%; Seibu Lines • Shueisha Publishers postponed GoJ. (own site) • Chinese President, Hu announced it will start to water to Unit 3. (NK) Tokyo, and Niigata. MEXT resumed operation of are 40%; Tobu Lines are publication of Weekly • Japan NGO Center for Jintao visited Japanese build temporary housing 17:48 NISA changed its evaluation announced it on March 19. (A) Kashima Steel Factory in 50%. (NK) Shonenjump, a bestselling International Cooperation Embassy in Beijing to make units for refugees from of the incidents. Unit 1,2 and 3 were • After quakes, 11,000 residents Ibaraki Pref.(NK) • At night, TEPCO Manga magazine, for a week, due (JANIC) announced it started a call to express his March 19. (NK) evaluated as level 5, and Unit 4 as of Fukushima Pref. had moved • Canon and Fuji Xerox announced it could supply to a shortage of paper. (A) "Japan Earthquake and Tsunami condolence. It was very • In Otsuchi Town of Iwate level 3. (NK) to shelters in Yamagata, stopped operations at several power to the entire service • MEXT requested the NGO Information Site." exceptional (A)• A liaison Prefecture, where the mayor • TEPCO announced 4,546 spent Ibaraki, Tochigi, Gunma, factories. (NK) areas. (Sankei Shimbun) Commissioner of Nippon (JANIC) meeting on nuclear disaster and many officials became fuel rods were kept in Unit 1-6 of Saitama, Niigata Pref. • Large-scale system failure Professional Baseball to refrain was established at MOD. victims of tsunami, the Fukushima Daiichi NPP. (A) (Fukushima Minpo) continued at Mizuho Bank from holding night games. (A) Members from USNRC and number of missing persons • IAEA's 16 radiation measurement • Minamisoma City, including for four consecutive business • Theaters and concerts of foreign US Armed Force in Japan is still unknown. In experts, along with one marine both evacuation area and days. (A) artists were canceled and the 3/18 also joined it. (NK) Kamaishi City and Yamada radiation measurement expert and indoor-staying area, decided • Urayasu City in Chiba Pref. issue of CDs and films was (Fri) • 3.11 Relief Information Aid Town, the number of one coordinator for international that all residents would recognized ground postponed. (Y) Portal site, Tasukeai Japan, damaged houses is also supports will arrive in Japan after evacuate outside of Fukushima liquefaction in almost all • Yokohama Bank suspended a was started by volunteers, in unknown. (Iwate Nippo) March 18. (MOFA) Pref.(Fukushima Minpo) reclaimed areas. 19,000 service of automatic teller cooperation with the GoJ • Iwaki City began to deliver iodine • Iitate Village, located at houses had no water supply, machine, not located at bank Cabinet Secretariat's tablet to persons under the age of 40 indoor-staying area, decided and 7,300 houses had no gas buildings, in order to save Volunteer Coordination to prepare for emergency. The city that residents and evacuees supply. (Chiba Nippo) electric power from March 18. Office. (own site) requested them not to drink it before who wished to would evacuate (NK) direction. (Fukushima Minpo) to Tochigi Pref. (Fukushima Minpo)

Disaster, Infrastructure and Society: Learning from the 2011 Earthquake in Japan No.1 2011 283 Tsunami and Earthquake: Impacts of Nuclear Urban Life, Media & Disaster: Overview National Government Nuclear Accidents Economy and Politics Infrastructure Civil Society Damages & Recovery Disaster Culture 18:56 Aftershock (M6.2) 17:00 President Tanigaki of 16:20 Ichihara City's Fire 0:30 Tokyo Metropolitan Fire 15:30 1,200 refugees arrived at • Two major amusement • Gasoline was supplied to • Ueno Sakura Matsuri (Cherry • Shapla Neer, a Tokyo-based 21:00 Asahi Shimbun the LDP refused to join the Department announced that Department's fire engines injected Saitama Super Arena from parks, Toshimaen in Tokyo gas stations in Fukushima for Blossoms Festival) was canceled NGO, sent staff to Kitaibaraki reported that 7,508 died, Cabinet as a Vice Prime it finally suppressed fires in water to Unit 3 of Fukushima NPP. Futaba Town near Fukushima and Fujikyu Highland in the first time after in Tokyo. (NK) City. (JANIC) 17,653 were missing, and Minister. (A) Chiba Factory of Cosmo Oil (NK) Daiichi NPP. The town would Yamanashi, were reopened. earthquakes. Up to 6.6 little • Downtown streets in Sendai • Peace Winds Japan extended 334,854 were refugees 18:01 Prime Minister Kan which occurred just after the 6:50 Ministry of Defense measured move its management functions (NK) could be fueled per car. (NK) were crowded again with holiday its relief activities from (A) met with US Ambassador quake. (NK) internal temperature of Unit 1, 2, 3 there. (A) • Among a total 300 km of shoppers. Many shops tried to Kesennuma to Minamisanriku Roos. (A) 17:00 Disaster Medical and 4 by SDF's helicopter. (Sunday 16:10 Chief Cabinet Secretary sea embankments in Iwate, reopen, thanks to an increased and Rikuzentakada. (own site) • Minister of Defense Assistance Team (DMAT) Mainichi) announced that elevated levels Miyagi, and Fukushima Pref., distribution of goods. (Kahoku announced the number of withdrew from Iwate Pref. • Evacuees who left Fukushima of radiation were detected in 190 km collapsed completely Shinpo) dispatched resuscue More than 300 doctors and Pref. reached 16,286. Prefectural the milk of Kawamata, or partially due to tsunami. members of SDF reached nurses supported its Government sent an official to each Fukushima Pref. and spinach of MLIT reported. (A) 106,000. (A) activities. (A) prefecture which accepted them. Ibaraki Pref. These surpassed • Construction of temporary (Fukushima Minpo) the temporary limit for food housing began in Kamaishi safety. (A) and Rikuzentakada in Iwate • Fukushima Pref. requested Pref. (A) dairy farmers in Kawamata Town and all farmers within 30 3/19 km from Fukushima Daiichi (Sat) NPP to refrain from shipping and eating products. (Fukushima Minpo) • More than 1,000 requests for radiation test were submitted to National Institute of Radiological Sciences until March 19. (A)

Disaster, Infrastructure and Society: Learning from the 2011 Earthquake in Japan No.1 2011 284 Tsunami and Earthquake: Impacts of Nuclear Urban Life, Media & Disaster: Overview National Government Nuclear Accidents Economy and Politics Infrastructure Civil Society Damages & Recovery Disaster Culture 12:00 NPA reported total • Chief Cabinet Secretary • Two survivors were 3:40 Tokyo Metropolitan Fire 11:30 TEPCO announced seven • Nissan resumed operation • 80 % of damaged mobile • Sanja Matsuri, one of the most • Tanpoposha had an number of dead and Edano said Fukushima rescued from debris in Department finished continuous workers were exposed to at 6 factories in Japan. (NK) phone base stations, operated well-known festivals in Tokyo, emergency meeting on missing reached 20,000. Daiichi NPP would be Ishinomaki after being hit injection of seawater to Unit 3. Its radiation, higher than 100 mSv, • Sumitomo Metal resumed by KDDI and Softbank, were was canceled for the first time earthquake and nuclear crisis. 8,133 died and 12,272 decommissioned. (A) by tsunami. (Y) total amounted to 2,400 ton for 13.5 the maximum exposure dose in operation of a blast furnace resumed. The number of after the World War II. (A) (own site) were missing (A) • GoJ's Headquarters for • 9 cities and towns in hours. (A) emergency situations before in Kashima Factory in NTT-East fixed-line phones • A lot of people felt "phantom • Solidarity Network with • Asahi Shimbun reported Assisting the Lives of Miyagi Pref. decided to 8:20 SDF, with US Forces' fire March 15. (Kyodo Tsushin) Ibaraki. (NK) which were out of order earthquakes (Jishin-yoi)" after Migrants Japan and Zentoitsu 8,450 died, 18,432 were Disaster Victims was allow burial without engines, began to spray water to 15:10 Elevated levels of • MLIT started an decreased to 148,500. 80% real ones. (Nikkan Sports) Workers Union sent their first unaccounted, 337,513 established. It was separated cremation, due to a lack of Unit 4. (A) radiation were detected in milk information webpage on were recovered. (NK) • Saitama Pref. Government relief team to Minamisanriku were evacuees (A) from Headquarters for facilities. (Kahoku Shimpo) 12:40 NISA announced Unit 3 will of Iitate and 3 other towns. The radioactive dose nearby announced it would provide a Town. (own site) Emergency Disaster Control. start venting steam, which possibly level of Radioactive iodine was Haneda and Narita Airports former high school building in (A) included radioactive materials, to 4-17 times as high as in English and Japanese. Kazo as a temporary shelter for • Ministry of Defense control pressure of containing provisional safety standards. (NK) 1,200 evacuees from Futaba, announced it will dispatch vessels of Unit 3. (A) (Fukushima Minpo) Fukushima Pref. from April. (A) two tanks to Fukushima NPP 15:24 NISA announced an expected • Radioactive iodine, higher to remove debris. (NK) vent of Unit 3 was postponed, than the safety standard, was • MEXT reported the level of because internal pressure was kept detected in drinking water of radioactive fallout. In some stable. (A) Kawamata, Fukushima. GoJ's prefectures the level of 15:46 TEPCO confirmed Unit 1 and local headquarters for nuclear 3/20 radioactive cesium was 2 were connected to an external disaster reported on March 20, (Sun) 1000-2000 times as high as power source by new cables (A) although it was known on normal conditions. (A) • SDF resumed its injection of water March 18. (Fukushima Minpo) into Unit 4. (A) • MEXT announced radioactive • TEPCO confirmed cold shutdown iodine was detected in drinking of Unit 5 and 6 of Fukushima water taken on March 19 in 7 Daiichi NPP. (A) prefectures, including Tokyo. (A)

Disaster, Infrastructure and Society: Learning from the 2011 Earthquake in Japan No.1 2011 285 Tsunami and Earthquake: Impacts of Nuclear Urban Life, Media & Disaster: Overview National Government Nuclear Accidents Economy and Politics Infrastructure Civil Society Damages & Recovery Disaster Culture 20:30 FDMA reported 18:00Chief Cabinet • TEPCO announced that it 4:00 Ambient radiation dose rate 8:30 Two Russian fighter 10:00 McDonald's reopened • The number of houses with 5:00 The number of damaged 8,078 died and 10,507 Secretary Edano announced estimated that the height of recorded one of its peaks (JAEA aircrafts with dust collection a shop in Sendai. All shops no electricity decreased from national cultural properties were still missing. GoJ issued instructions to tsunami hitting Fukushima estimation, 201108) pots entered into Japan's air in Miyagi Pref. had been 4,860,000 to 220,000 in reached 295 as of March 21. The Reported refugees food business operators to NPP reached at least 14 m. 14:30 High level radioactive defense identification zone. (A) closed since the earthquakes. Tohoku region (NK) Agency for Cultural Affairs amounted to 310,199. cease the shipping of leafy (NK) materials were detected in seawater 16:00 In Iwaki City, Fukushima (A) • NTT DOCOMO started the reported. (A) (FDMA) vegetables including spinach • Ministry of Defense of drain outlets of Unit 1 to 4. The Pref., population and goods had • Oil factories in Tokyo- services of "recovery area • International Skating Union • Asahi Shimbun reported in Fukushima, Ibaraki, announced that a new relief level of iodine-131 was 126.7 times decreased since nuclear Yokohama area were map" for mobile phone in finally canceled its 2011 World 8,805 died, 18,335 were Tochigi, and Gunma Pref. system, called "Cells for above the maximum level allowable accidents, although it was at the expected to restore their Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima Figure Skating Championships in unaccounted, 306,839 and milk in Fukushima Pref. supporting civil life," would (NK) outside of 30km Zone from functions soon. (Kanagawa Pref. (NK) Japan, originally to be held in were evacuees. (A) It was based on the ANEP. start in affected areas. SDF • MHLW announced 965 Bq/kg of NPP. Water and cooked rice Shimbun) Tokyo from March 21. (A) (A) played a key role for linking radioactive iodine, three times as were delivered to citizens in the • General Motors stopped • TMG announced two large • Japan Tourism Agency of and coordinating between high as provisional limit, was city's public halls. (A) operation of a small truck convention halls, Tokyo Big Site MLIT announced rooms for victims' needs and detected in drinking water taken at • Total number of evacuees factory in Louisiana due to (3,000) and Tokyo International 29,000 refugees had been municipalities (NK) about noon of March 20 in Iitate, who left Fukushima Pref. had shortage of parts from Japan. Forum (1,000), would be reserved in hotels and inns • MAFF reported the Fukushima (NK) reached 23,000. It was (A) provided as temporary shelters to for around one month. (A) number of total damaged or expected to increase. • PEUGEOT CITROËN evacuees from Tohoku (A) 3/21 • MHLW requested local lost fishing vessels (Fukushima Minpo) announced its production of • Asahi Shimbun published an (Mon) governments to give amounted to 2,346 as of • Rainfall was reported in the engines would be influenced apology on Internet for their (Natio direction to hotels and inns. March 21 in affected areas Metropolitan region, which from March 23 by parts careless expression in the front- nal Some evacuees from except Iwate and Miyagi caused high radioactive shortages. (A) page of AERA, a weekly Holida Fukushima had been refused Pref. (NK) contamination in Kanto(Greater magazine, March 28, featuring a y) to stay by Japanese-style Tokyo) region. In shinjuku, photograph of a man of inns. (Fukushima Minpo) 0.108 µSv/h was detected. (A) protective gear with the title • Deputy Chief Cabinet "Radiation is coming." Secretary Fukuyama held the Objections were raised by readers first press conference for (NK) foreign journalist. (NK)

Disaster, Infrastructure and Society: Learning from the 2011 Earthquake in Japan No.1 2011 286 Tsunami and Earthquake: Impacts of Nuclear Urban Life, Media & Disaster: Overview National Government Nuclear Accidents Economy and Politics Infrastructure Civil Society Damages & Recovery Disaster Culture 16:19 Aftershock (M6.3) 9:25 MEXT announced it 9:30 "Miyako Disaster FM 15:00 TEPCO announced • In the morning, relatively • Toyota announced factories • Rolling blackout (Day 6, 20:00 NHK ended live streaming • Kalabaw-no-kai, a Yokohama- started monitoring radiation Station" was opened in radioactive materials, 16.4 times as high radiation doze was in Japan would be closed 9.9 million houses) of AM Radio 1 on Internet. based NGO, started "Q&A 18:19 Aftershock (M6.3) of seawater near Fukushima Miyako City. (A) high as safety standard, were detected in Metropolitan region from March 23 to 26 (NK) 10:00 Entire Tohoku (NHK) Service for Foreign Residents" 18:44 Aftershock (M6.2) Daiichi NPP. (A) • In Higashimatsushima detected in the seawater taken at a due to rainfall. (A) • Asahi Breweries resumed Expressway became available • Japan Printing Ink Makers by telephone. (Kanagawa • Media reported that City, 30 tsunami victims site 16 km off the NPP. (A) • MEXT reported 5,300 Bq per operation of its Ibaraki only for large-size vehicles. Association requested The Japan Shimbun) Nuclear Safety Technology were buried without 19:40 At Unit 6 of Fukushima square meter of cesium-137 Factory. (NK) (A) Newspaper Publishers & Editors Center sent the result of cremation. It was an unusual Daiichi NPP the electric power and 32,000 Bq per square meter • SONY announced 10:00 Among total 870 km of Association to reduce a quantity SPEEDI just after two hours method in Japan. The city source was shifted from emergency of iodine-131 were detected production would be damaged road in East Japan, of ink and a type of colors, used after the 3-11 earthquake to planned to build a cemetery battery to external one. An external from fallen dusts collected in partially shut down in 5 813 km were repaired. for publications, due to shortages NSC, but the data had not for 1,000 victims on the site power source became available at Shinjuku, Tokyo. Both levels factories in West Japan from (Nikkei Construction ) of raw materials. (NK) been released to the press. of a former recycle center. all units. (A) were around ten times as high March 22 to 31, while it • LOUIS VUITTON reopened 19 (A) (NK) • IRSN, a national nuclear safety as the previous day (A) would be resumed in a shops in East Japan except in • Japan and US Governments institute in France, began to release • US Food and Drug factory in Tochigi Pref. (A) Sendai, Fukushima, and Ibaraki. established a joint meeting the result of its simulation on the Administration banned the • Mitsubishi-Motors It had closed 22 shops out of 58 for Fukushima Daiichi NPP, dispersion of radiation from import of milk, other dairy resumed 3 factories in Japan. in Japan since March 14. (NK) including government Fukushima NPP in Japanese products, fresh vegetables, and (NK) officials, nuclear language. (IRSN) fruits produced in Fukushima, • 3 major banks and 3 local professionals, and military Ibaraki, Tochigi, and Gunma banks stopped operation of 3/22 officials. (A) Pref. (A) ATM located outside of the (Tue) • MHLW requested Iwate, • Stars and Stripes, a semi- bank, more than 1,000 in Miyagi and Fukushima official paper of US Forces, Metropolitan Tokyo region Prefectural Governments to reported around 9,000 applied on March 22, due to cutback rely mainly upon not SDF to the voluntary evacuation in electric power. (NK) but private service program for dependent families companies for transportation of US Forces in Japan (A) and burial of victims (A)

Disaster, Infrastructure and Society: Learning from the 2011 Earthquake in Japan No.1 2011 287 Tsunami and Earthquake: Impacts of Nuclear Urban Life, Media & Disaster: Overview National Government Nuclear Accidents Economy and Politics Infrastructure Civil Society Damages & Recovery Disaster Culture 7:12 Aftershock (M6.0) 17:05 Chief Cabinet • MOFF reported submerged 16:20 Black smoke was found at 10:00 MEXT announced high- 8:30 NEC resumed • Rolling blackout (Day 7, • In the Evening, drinking water 12:30 CNIC and Group of Secretary Edano farmlands had reached Unit 3 of Fukushima Daiichi NPP. level radioactive cesium was operation in 5 factories in 4.6 million houses) were almost sold out in Concerned Scientists and recommended that drinking 20,000 ha in total in Iwate, Workers evacuated from there. (A) detected in soil samples taken Miyagi, Iwate, and • The number of access to convenience stores and Engineers Calling for the water in Tokyo should not Miyagi, and Fukushima at Iitate. (A) Fukushima Pref. (A) Disaster Message Board supermarkets in downtown Closure of the Kashiwazaki- given to infants, to avoid all Pref. (A) 14:20 TMG announced the 14:30 Nikkei Stock Average Service for mobile phone, Tokyo. (NK) Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant possible risk. (A) • GoJ estimated that total radioactive iodine was detected suddenly dropped to operated by NTT DOCOMO, • Shueisha announced it would had a joint meeting at Diet 21:00 NSC released the economic loss caused in water sample taken the 9,387.95, due to TMG's had reached 3.66 million by start subscribing of Weekly building. (CNIC) result of SPEEDI for the first directly by the disaster previous day in Kanamachi announcement of radiation March 23. (NK) Shonenjump, No. 15 issued on 18:00 Peace Boat, a Tokyo- time after the accidents. The would amounted to JPY 16- Purification Plant. As its level in water of Tokyo, causing March 14, on Internet, based NGO, held a meeting for Commissioner Madarame 25 trillion. Losses due to was more than the an expansion of anxiety responding to the delay in 200 wishing volunteers in said no emergent response nuclear disaster were not recommended limit for infants, about the future. (A) distribution due to the Tokyo. They were expected to would be required at this included. (A) TMG requested those who live • 7-Eleven Japan had earthquakes. (Nikkan Sports) visit Ishinomaki. (Peace Boat) moment. (A) • In Kesennuma, gas stations in central Tokyo area (23 reopened 85 % of 600 closed • Shiki Theater Company • ASHINAGA, one of the • Chief Cabinet Secretary began to sell gasoline again Wards) not give water to stores. Lawson, another reopened its theaters for musicals largest private funds for said the result of SPEEDI to regular vehicles. (Kahoku infants. (A) convenience store chain, had in Tokyo and Yokohama. (A) supporting orphans in Japan, simulation indicated Shinpo) 21:00 TMG announced it reopened 310 of 390 closed • Shows and events in March sent six staffs to affected areas. cumulative doze could be • Yamato Transport would distribute three 550 ml stores. (NK) were cancelled by major talent (ASHINAGA) higher than 100 mSv/year announced it organized a bottles of water to each baby; • Suntory resumed its TV agencies, such as Johnny's & • Japanese Trade Union 3/23 even outside of 30 km zone special task force for its total amounted to 240,000. commercial ad. (Senden Associates or Avex Group. (A) Confederation (Rengo) held a (Wed) from NPP. (Fukushima assisting local governments (A) Kaigi) emergency executive meeting Minpo) to transport relief goods in • In Minamisoma, designated on the disaster. Staffs of GoJ's • MOFA announced 27 Iwate, Miyagi, and as indoor evacuation area, Volunteer Coordination Office countries' embassy in Tokyo Fukushima Pref. (NK) emergency patrol had been joined it. (JTUC) had been closed temporarily. organized by volunteer. Its functions were moved to (Fukushima Minpo) West Japan in many cases. (A)

Disaster, Infrastructure and Society: Learning from the 2011 Earthquake in Japan No.1 2011 288 Tsunami and Earthquake: Impacts of Nuclear Urban Life, Media & Disaster: Overview National Government Nuclear Accidents Economy and Politics Infrastructure Civil Society Damages & Recovery Disaster Culture 17:21 Aftershock (M6.1) • Ministry of Defense raised • In Rikuzentakada, Iwate • Three workers who layed cables at 12:30 • Itoyokado, one of the • Rolling blackout (Day 8, • The Mayor of Minamisoma • JNCSW said volunteer centers compensation given to SDF Pref., the number of Unit 3 were exposed to radiation in announced radioactive largest supermarkets, began 2.5 million houses) Sakurai submitted a video for disaster relief were opened personnel as for loss of life refugees had increased again Fukushima Daiichi NPP. (A) materials, above the to sell bottled water 6:00 Entire Tohoku message to Youtube. He appealed in 57 municipalities in Iwate, from JPY 60million to 90 since March 21. Residents • Water in the spent fuel pools of recommended level for infants, preferentially to parents who Expressway became available to international audience that Miyagi, and Fukushima Pref. million. (A) who had remained at home Unit 4 boiled. (Sunday Mainichi) were detected in water of had infants in its 117 stores again for regular vehicles. GoJ's instructions to affected (A) • MHLW announced 300 finally came to shelters due Matsudo City's two purification of Metropolitan region. (A) (A) residents of nuclear accidents • Daichi wo Mamoru Kai, a Bq/kg of radioactive iodine, to shortages of food. (A) plants/ (A) • Nissan resumed production 18:00 1,755 mobile phone were inconsistent and unfair Tokyo-based social enterprise, higher than safety standard, • Iwate Nippo released the 13:15 TMG lifted a ban on of vehicles in some base stations, operated by (Fukushima Minpo) established the Funds for was detected in milk result of the survey of restriction of infants' drinking factories. (NK) NTT DOCOMO, KDDI, and • In Yokohama, more parents supporting affected farmers. produced in 5 municipalities tsunami refugees (conducted water. The radiation level of the • Toyota announced it would Softbank, were still out of decided to evacuate voluntarily (own website) in Fukushima Pref. (A) on March 20-22). People water taken in the morning resume operation firstly at service. 90% of NTT-East with children to avoid radiation. • Japan Radiological Society • UNOCHA and other UN answered the most serious became below safety limit. (A) two factories, which fixed-line phones which were (Kanagawa Shimbun) (JRS) released a special report organizations sent a research difficulties in shelter life • Kawaguchi City in Saitama produced Prius, on March out of order were recovered. on the influences of radioactive team to Miyagi Pref. and was that they "could not Pref. announced radioactive 28. (A) (A) materials in drinking water Ishinomaki to discuss the take a bath." (25.2%) (Iwate iodine, at levels more than the • Keidanren (Japan Business (JRS) form of support by Nippo) recommended one for infants, Federation) announced the international NGOs. were detected in water taken in amount of donation had 3/24 (MOFA) Shingo Purification Plant on reached JPY 5.3 billion (Thu) March 22. (A) from 650 member corporations by March 24. (A)

Disaster, Infrastructure and Society: Learning from the 2011 Earthquake in Japan No.1 2011 289 Tsunami and Earthquake: Impacts of Nuclear Urban Life, Media & Disaster: Overview National Government Nuclear Accidents Economy and Politics Infrastructure Civil Society Damages & Recovery Disaster Culture 11:00 NPA reported • AM Chief Cabinet 19:33 Prime Minister gave a 3:46 TEPCO announced that the • In Utsunomiya, Tochigi Pref., • Major home building • Rolling blackout(Day 9, 2.9 24:00 NHK ended live streaming • "Faith-Based Network for 10,035 died and 17,541 Secretary Edano requested message to people in Japan, very high-level of radiation was radioactive iodine was detected companies, including million houses) of its TV program (General Earthquake Relief in Japan" were still missing. (A) residents in 20-30 km zone two weeks after the detected in the water taken at the in water taken on March 24. Its Sekisui House and Daiwa • GoJ's Electricity Supply Channel) on Internet (NHK) was opened as a Facebook page 20:36 Aftershock (M6.2) of Fukushima Daiichi NPP Earthquake (A) basement of Unit 3's turbine level, 108 Bq/kg, was higher House, began to prepare for Emergency Headquarters • Ryoko Yamagishi, a comic on March 13 by scholars on to evacuate "voluntarily" (A) • GoJ gave notice to seven building, where workers had been than provisional limit for construction of 10,000 announced that it would artist, published her 1988 work, religion. (A) • Mayors of municipalities at affected prefectures of new exposed to radiation the previous infants. (NK) temporary houses for decide on a policy for the "Phaethon," which had raised a • Sendai City's multi-lingual a 20-30 km zone criticized guideline on removal of day. (A) 21:30 NIRS reported the result refugees by the end of May. reduction of power demand question to nuclear power support center had given advice GoJ's instruction of debris, which allowed the 13:30 Kawasaki City Fire of radiation test of three (A) in summer, by the end of generation after Chernobyl to 10-20 persons per day. (NK) "voluntary" evacuation, removal of damaged Department injected water to Unit 3 workers who were exposed to • Mizuho Bank officially April. (A) disaster, on the Internet. (A) • Hairoaction, a Fukushima- since it had put the housing, cars and ships of Fukushima Daiichi NPP (Sunday radiation at NPP. Two workers' admitted that the large-scale • TEPCO announced that, • Songs for Japan, a charity based network seeking for a responsibility on without permission of the Mainichi) results were 2-6 times higher system failure was caused according to its estimation, a compilation album was released decommission of Fukushima municipalities. (Fukushima original owners. (A) 15:40 Interjected water to Unit. 1 of than the allowable limit. (A) by a concentration of relief shortage of electric power through the iTunes Store and NPP released "Urgent Minpo) • In Kamaishi, Iwate Pref. Fukushima Daiichi NPP was shifted • Fukushima Pref. Government donation. (A) would reach 8.5million kW in Sony. 38 artists joined it. (A) Statement on the Nuclear • According to TEPCO's tsunami victims were buried from seawater to fresh water. At requested all farmers to cease • The total production of summer. (NK) • The number of workers' Disaster in Fukushima." (FP) estimate, carbon dioxide without cremation. Otsuchi 18:00, the same shift was finished farm work to avoid dispersion cars, both passenger and consultation on layoff had • Japanese Trade Union would increase by 21miilion Town decided to bury also at Unit 3. (A) of radioactive materials. (A) commercial, had decreased increased in Iwate, Miyagi, Confederation decided ton, if all power generated by unidentifiable victims • MEXT reported 1.4 mSv/day was • Chiba Pref. Government by 385,000, if compared to Fukushima, and Aomori Pref. "Tsunagaro Nippon (Unite Fukushima Daiichi NPP without cremation. (NK) detected at the border between Iitate announced radioactive iodine, the normal year, due to the due to the disaster. Its total Japan)" as a slogan for 3/25 would be shifted to oil-fired and Minamisoma. (Fuksushima higher than provisional limit, disaster, by March 25. (NK) reached 378 by March 25. supporting activities. (JTUC) (Fri) power plant. GoJ released. Minpo) was detected in leafy • Apple postponed the sales (Kahoku Shinpo) • Tokyo University of Foreign (A) vegetables, produced in two of iＰａｄ２ in Japan, expected Studies started a multilingual • MLIT issued instructions to municipalities. (NK) to start on March 25. (NK) website for disaster taxi companies association, information. (TUFS) requesting taxi drivers not to refuse passengers. Some days before, passengers who wished to go to Fukushima Pref. from Tochigi had been refused to ride. (NK)

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