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Contents

1. Executive Summary p. 4

2. An Introduction to the Market p. 6

3. The Entertainment Environment p. 7 (I)TV p. 8 (II) Radio p. 9 (III) Mobile p. 10 (IV) Online p. 12 (V) Print p. 13 (VI) Record Labels p. 14 (VII) Music Publishing p. 15 (VIII) Local Talent p. 16 (IX) Clubs and Dance p. 17 (X) Live Performance p. 18

4. The Digital Landscape p. 21 Mobile Music p. 22 Internet Music Downloads p. 24 Digital Music Services p. 26

5. Market Entry Recommendations p. 26

6. Appendices p. 28 Top 10 Selling Domestic in 2011 p. 28 Top 10 Selling International Albums in 2011 p. 28 Market Statistics p. 28 Music-related Trade Bodies and Associations p. 29

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CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER

This document was prepared for internal use by Canadian Government and CAAMA members plus Canadian Music Week attendees only and is not for forwarding or distribution to any third party.

It may not be posted on any website.

All details referenced are the latest available to us at the time of writing, and all information utilized is believed to be accurate and reliable at the time of submission. However, Swat Enterprises Pte. Ltd. accepts no liability whatsoever for any loss or damage resulting from errors, inaccuracies or omissions

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1. Executive Summary

Japan, an archipelago of 6,852 islands with 47 prefectures, has the world’s tenth largest population with over 127 million people. Its area of 377,873 km2 is close to that of Germany and Switzerland. The greater area is the largest metropolis in the world with a population of around 36 million, more than the entire population of Canada. The city of Tokyo alone has 13.6 million people and the highest population density at 6,017 persons per km2, almost 18 times more than the national average. Prefectures of Kanagawa (capital: ), , Aichi (capital: ) and Saitama each have a population of more than 7 million. Per the last census conducted by the Statistics Bureau of in 2010 there are 50.93 million households in Japan and 57% of which are a nuclear-family (two or more persons) households.

The country is the world’s second largest music market valued at US$4.09 billion, just US$280 million less than the US. In recent years Japan has fallen a notch to become the third largest economy after being surpassed by . Per the World Bank its GDP per capita in 2011 is US$45,903 ahead of Germany, France and the U.K.

Latest Indicators

Population (m), 2011 127.8

Internet Users (m), 2011 101.23 Internet Households (m), 2011 33.8

Broadband Subscriptions (m), Q1 2012 35.6 Mobile Subscriptions (m), Q1 2012 128.2

Recorded Music, Total Revenue (US$m), 2011 4,087.7 (7%) Recorded Music, Physical Revenue (US$m), 2011 3,050.8 (4%)

Recorded Music, Digital Revenue (US$m), 2011 902.4 (16%) Royalty Revenue (US$m), 2011/12 1, 341.7

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In a significant development for the , overall sales generated from which were down 7% in calendar 2011, the Japanese government on June 20th 2012 revised its copyright law to include harsher penalties for illegal downloading offences. With effect from October 2012, if found guilty, one could face a fine of up to 2 million yen (US$25,000) or a jail term of up to two years. This also applies to those in possession of pirated material (e.g. DVD, Blu-ray disc). Unauthorized uploading of copyright content is punishable by up to 10 million yen (US$126,000) in fines or 10 years in prison. This amendment is much welcomed by the country’s music industry, as the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) estimated that the number of illegal music downloads in 2010 were 10 times more than the legal ones in 2010. This statistic alone has significantly impacted the 16% year on year downturn in digital revenues (see page 7). In conjunction with these harsher penalties, the association has also proposed the implementation of an automated mechanism for internet service providers to track user traffic for suspicious activity and block illegal uploads.

The earthquake and accompanying tsunami in 2011 undoubtedly tested Japan and its people’s ability to deal and recover from devastation. As the country grapples with the costs of reconstruction the silver lining came in the form of US$230 billion in funds mutually agreed by the government and the opposition. Such public investment has helped lift the economy, and for January – March this year it grew at an annual rate of 4.1%.

The country’s tourism industry is expected to bounce back, and according to the World Travel & Tourism Council, will contribute US$129 billion in 2012. Business travelers were the first to return, with inbound arrivals during the second half of 2011 approaching 2010 levels. The Japan National Tourism Organization echoed the same positive sentiment and aims to top the 2010 record of 18.6 million tourist arrivals in this year.

Japan may be struggling from the 2011 disaster and global economic downturn but as a result of the incremental growth in various sectors such as exports and domestic consumption, together with the resilient nature of the Japanese people, the country is expected to recover sooner than later.

More importantly, for the music industry’s second largest world market, the recently introduced harsh penalties on copyright abuse are anticipated to slow (better yet, halt) the decline of mobile music revenues, where piracy is rampant as a result of users swapping songs via message boards (instead of PC file sharing which is common in the rest of the world). The 24% increase in online sales illustrates a growing trend in purchasing which can only benefit new and catalogue sales of international music in the future.

The IMF estimates that the country’s GDP will grow 2.9% in 2012.

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2. An Introduction to the Music Market In comparison with the rest of Asia, Japan has an advanced music culture and a well established industry infrastructure which has been a signatory to most international copyright treaties for more than 100 years. The RIAJ and Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, and Publishers (JASRAC) are recognized internationally and have affiliations and reciprocal agreements with major societies worldwide.

Music fans from this market are among the most knowledgeable and dedicated in the world. They are exposed to western culture and influences through trade, tourism, media and the Internet, and the levels of their dedication and cultural sophistication are strong. Japanese fans have diverse music tastes (Bluegrass, Emo, House, Metal, Gospel, Latin and etc) and the perceived ‘niche’ groups can be large. Canadian Christian Rock/ artist Manafest has sold 30,000 records in Japan. Music fans in the 30 to 40 age group do not tend to follow trends or charts and their open minded demands can potentially be targeted and met by Canadian . Catalogue demand also runs deep, for example, Roxy Music’s Phil Manzanera has his entire range of solo albums available via one company.

International friendly indie labels in Japan are equipped and experienced in liaising with the West, providing marketing, promotion, distribution and localization (e.g. translation) of physical products and digital content. Some also have publishing arms to administer/manage publishing copyright.

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Despite the country’s shrinking economy, Japan remains one of the top music markets in the world and is the global leader in terms of physical sales. It represents close to 25% of the global trade value of US$16.6 billion and almost all genres of music will find fans here.

According to the IFPI Japan ranks number 3 for both performance rights and synchronization revenues in 2011, collecting US$102 million and US$32.4 million respectively.

With the contracting global music market being “Big in Japan” is no longer a cynical jab, but a very sustainable and essential objective. Non-Japanese repertoire has a market share of about 18% and valued at US$497.2 million, more than the total recorded revenues of Canada (US$434 million) and Australia (US$475 million), it makes this market hugely attractive to international labels and artists. Visiting the market and making in-person connections, while a time consuming exercise that usually requires sponsorship, is paramount to ensure success. Many countries (e.g. Finland and the UK) have sponsored and organized multiple trade missions to Japan for this purpose.

Physical formats accounted for 75% of total recorded music sales in Japan during 2011. This figure includes revenue from the sale of Music Videos, which did very well due to the dramatic 294% increase in the Blu-ray Disc shipments.

In 2006 Japan became the first market where digital music sales fully compensated for the sales decline in physical formats. Despite the fact that since 2010 its digital music market has contracted, it is still ranked number two in the world. Revenue from mobile represents the larger portion (83%) of the total digital music income but is also on the decline. Internet downloads on the other hand, have recorded a healthy 24% increase in 2011 and this figure is likely to increase following the recent copyright ruling. Source: IFPI, World Bank, JASRAC, Informa Telecoms & Media

3. The Entertainment Environment

According to PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), Japan is the world’s second largest entertainment and media market (just behind the US) with E&M spending at US$193 billion, accounting for 42% of total spending in Asia Pacific. Its advertising market is also ranked number two in the world, with expenditure in 2011 estimated as being US$48.7 billion and growing at a 3.2% compound annual rate. Japan’s consumers spent US$79 billion in 2011, more than those of China, Germany and the UK.

JASRAC, the country’s dominant musical copyright administration society has more than 15,000 members and trustors, and manages the rights of over 7 million musical works. It has reciprocal agreements with 117 copyright societies around the world. Besides JASRAC there are two other (much smaller) collecting societies in the market – e-License Inc and Japan Rights Clearance (JRC). In 2009 The Fair Trade Commission (FTC) believed that JASRAC was obstructing its competitors, particularly with its blanket fee collection system and ordered it to stop this perceived monopolistic practice. The ruling was however retracted in June this year as the FTC was unable to find evidence that the society

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had flouted the anti-monopoly law. Under this collection system TV and radio stations are expected to pay a flat fee of 1.5% of their annual revenue for unlimited use of JASRAC administered music.

In 2011 JASRAC collected approximately US$356 million from alone, the largest source of performing rights collection in this market. According to SOCAN, over US$1.8 million in royalties was collected from JASRAC in 2011 which made Japan the 6th largest international market for the Canadian society. With Canada’s continued international music successes this ranking can and should improve.

(I) TV In July 2011 Japan became the first country in Asia to cease analog TV broadcasts and journey into digital transmission (except for the Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures which were severely affected by the earthquake and tsunami). This has freed up a spectrum for new channels triggering an increased demand for (original) content, especially for pay-TV broadcasters. The number of broadcast satellite channels is expected to increase to 37 which will include new Disney and Fox channels. Pay-TV penetration still has a long way to go, as subscription packages are expensive and have limited content. NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation) is Japan’s public broadcaster with 2 free-to-air TV channels (NHK and NHK Educational) and 2 satellite channels (BS1 and BS Premium) which are commercial-free and offer mainly dramas, news, sports and documentaries. All TV households have to pay a compulsory monthly “receiving” fee of 1,345 yen (US$17) to the broadcaster as stipulated in the Broadcast Law. Besides NHK, there are five other terrestrial TV networks namely market leader Fuji Television Network, TV Tokyo Corporation (TXN), Nippon Television Network Corporation (NTV), Tokyo Broadcasting System (TBS) and Asahi Broadcasting Corporation.

The pay-TV market in Japan is rather small as subscription charges are high. As at end of June 2012 there were about 27.5 million cable subscribers served by approximately 700 service providers, and most pay the lowest fee to facilitate reception of major terrestrial TV channels only. According to the Japan Cable

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Television Engineering Association only 8 million households have multichannel (premium) cable TV subscriptions. More than 5 million of these have access to the top 29 basic pay TV channels (CASBAA). Satellite pay-TV and IPTV subscription numbers are even smaller, at 4 million and 1 million respectively.

WOWOW Inc is the first private satellite pay-TV broadcasting company in the country. It has three channels – WOWOW Prime, WOWOW Live and WOWOW Cinema, and over 2.6 million subscribers as at June 2012 while rival Sky PerfecTV! has 3.8 million subscribers. It has 255 standard definition and 85 HD channels (such as BBC World News, MTV Japan, Discovery, National Geographic, FOX, Disney, etc) and has plans to increase the number of HD channels to 120 in Q3 of this year.

There are also numerous multiservice operators (MSOs) in Japan providing a combination of digital TV, voice and data services, e.g. J:COM which charges 4,980 yen (US$63) monthly for its digital TV service and NTT Group’s Hikari TV charges 7,560 yen (US$96) monthly for its basic broadcast plan. These platforms are hoping to benefit from the country’s digital switchover as they anticipate more subscribers and opportunities to bundle their data and voice services to new customers.

TV is the most impactful promotional medium, especially for music tie ups in drama series and commercials where in majority of collaborations the former music owners have historically been expected to waive performance fees in exchange for the exposure generated.

Nevertheless, while there is a good number of music channels and programs on TV, only a handful features international music regularly, i.e. MTV Japan, Space Shower TV and Music On! TV as well as music program Music Station (local TRL / equivalent).

Japan is the second largest media and entertainment producer in the world – between 2006 and 2008 local companies exported 16 formats to 18 markets. Cultural influences have made Japan a difficult buyer of foreign programming content, and over the same period only one format was imported. With the current economy and realization that the local market can no longer generate enough returns Japanese producers are now looking to overseas markets as well as seeking co-production opportunities. The local industry does however require guidance in this area which historically it has been reluctant to embrace.

(II) Radio When it comes to promoting international music in Japan radio has a very limited effect compared with print and online. There are about 215 AM, 89 FM and 21 shortwave radio stations in Japan. The major radio broadcasters are Japan FM Network (JFN), Japan FM League (JFL) and Megalopolis (MegaNet).

NB: The above are radio networks in a loose, vague sense; they are basically alliances between stations in various regional markets that share content.

Others in the market include AM stations NHK Radio 1, NHK Radio 2, (JRN) and National Radio Network (NRN).

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Due to strict government regulations Japan has a rather short FM band and a relatively small number of radio stations. In Tokyo there are only 4 FM stations – InterFM (MegaNet), J-Wave (JFL), and Tokyo FM (JFN) and NHK-FM.

Radio therefore has a reduced role as a promotional medium in this market.

J-Wave is widely recognized as the most popular FM station in Tokyo. It has a music chart programme called “Tokio Hot 100” hosted by Chris Peppler that features both international and local music, and MTV Japan is its official TV partner. This programme also has an award show every year – in 2010 Charice beat , and Ke$ha to win the Best New Artist award (the 2011 show was cancelled due to the earthquake and tsunami).

Most DJs at InterFM are bilingual and the station offers a mix of Japanese and English programming. Depending on the DJ on shift, the playlist can feature repertoire from to and Chris Brown to Noel Gallagher.

TFM, the remaining FM station in Tokyo has its own long running chart show for International music called “Cosmo Pops Best 10”. The top song on this chart in 2011 was ’s “The Edge of Glory”.

JFN also has affiliates in major cities such as in Osaka (FM Osaka), Okinawa (FM Okinawa), Aomori (FM Aomori) and Kobe (Kiss-FM Kobe). MegaNet operates in Osaka and Fukuoka via FM Cocolo and Love FM respectively. JFL has FM802 in Osaka, Cross FM in Fukuoka, Zip FM in Nagoya and FM North Wave in .

(III) Mobile Japan has one of the largest mobile access markets in the world. On the strength of this it is the leading territory in overall Internet access with spending at US$65 billion, ahead of the US (per PwC). It has a projected 4.2% compound annual growth and the spending in 2012 is estimated to increase to US$69 billion.

70.8% of the >128 million mobile phone subscriptions are 3G which, in its tenth year in the market remains popular. Leading telcos are NTT DoCoMo with about a 47% market share, followed by KDDI (27%) and Softbank (22%). Other smaller mobile operators include Willcom and eMobile.

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Softbank, with 29.7 million subscribers as at June 2012, had an early opportunity to make up on market share by positioning itself as the first telco to carry the iPhone, but this margin has now closed as it no longer has a monopoly and other operators have been aggressively promoting Android smartphones.

Currently NTT DoCoMo is the only mobile operator that does not carry the iPhone but it is targeting the nation’s growing ‘grey’ population in an effort to win more market share. In July its Raku-Raku (“easy- easy” in Japanese) smartphone was launched to woo the elderly. It is simple, easy-to-use, comes with friendly features such as larger fonts and voice recognition application “Shabette Concier”, and has since attracted more than 21 million users. The company has 60.4 million subscribers as of June 30th 2012, and hopes to return its smartphone market share to 50% with the Raku-Raku.

At present “high specification feature phones” with advanced capabilities such as mobile wallet features and GPS, dominate the market with a 63% share. Per comScore, Sharp leads the market with a 23.5% share followed by Panasonic (13.8%) and Fujitsu (11.8%).

As mobile phone penetration illustrates, operators are pushing the adoption of smartphones. One in five of mobile phone users in Japan own a smartphone, and ’s Android platform accounts for the majority of the smartphone market (61.4%) followed by Apple with 34.2%. By 2016 smartphones are anticipated to account for 83% (92 million) of Japan’s mobile phone users (eMarketer).

A survey by comScore has found Japanese mobile phone users to prefer using applications (55.4%) than internet browsers; almost 20% have accessed social networking and blog sites, a little over 18% watched TV or video and about 12% listened to music on their mobile phones.

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(IV) Online Per the Internet World Stats there are over 101 million internet users in Japan, representing an 80% penetration rate. It is ranked third in the world behind the US and China, with more than 35 million broadband lines (72.8% household penetration). There is a long list of Internet Service Providers in Japan, and the main ones include NTT East, NTT West, Asahi Net, OCN, Yahoo BB, @nifty and Biglobe offering a variety of broadband connection types, from fiber optics (FTTH), ADSL, cable, etc.

Blogs are very popular in Japan and, according to comScore, more than 80% of the internet population visited a blog site in June. Users spent an average of more than 62 minutes on blogs per month. The leading blog site is FC2 with more than 46 million visitors per month. Other top blog destinations are Blog (>33 million visitors), Ameblo (>32 million), Seesaa (>25 million) and Yahoo! Blogs (>16 million).

It is projected that there will be over 44 million social networking site users by the end of 2012 and this number will reach 50 million within two years. The main local sites include Mixi, with more than 27 million registered users, as well as mobile social/gaming sites GREE and DeNA’s Mobage Town both of which are thought to have around 20 million users. Manga-based social games such as Gundam Royale, which recorded 1 million players in just six days, are very popular.

The uptake of in this market has been slow – most industry experts are of the opinion that Japanese people are uncomfortable with the lack of anonymity as FB requires users to use their real names. Nevertheless recent user growth has shown promise, its active user base between September 2011 and March 2012 was 10 million, the majority of which are believed to access the site from their personal computers. By December 2012 this number is forecast to reach 11.5 million.

Twitter entered the market in 2008, and has fared better than Facebook. It has registered 29.9 million user accounts and has a partnership with social networking site Mixi to jointly develop new services and advertise products. Japan is the third largest market in the world for after the US and Brazil; and Japanese is the second most used language on this platform. On December 14th 2011 the company announced that Japanese users had recorded the highest number of tweets at 25,088 times per second.

Japan is also a major focus for many international online video platforms. Many (such as Ooyala and Hulu) have entered the market to compete with local giants GyaO and Nico Nico Douga. It is estimated that there are more than 60 million consumers in Japan who watch videos for an average of 12 hours a month. The growth rate for consumption is anticipated as being 25% per year. It is nevertheless a very competitive and tough market – local terrestrial broadcasters such as TV Asahi, Fuji TV and TBS already offer their content on either a subscription or ad-support basis. Dentsu, the country’s largest advertising agency, joined the fray in August 2011, via a partially advertising funded venture (together with terrestrial TV broadcasters Nippon TV, TV Asahi, TBS, TXN and Fuji TV) to jointly promote their pay-per-view and VOD services on internet TV thus allowing consumers to view content online via one source without having to access the individual broadcasters’ sites. Together they offer viewers 6,500 programmes such as dramas and documentaries at about 300 yen (US$3.80) per episode.

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(V) Print Newspapers may be experiencing decline in circulation worldwide however this is not the case in Japan, with readership reaching 92% of the population. According to World Press Trends it is the world’s number three newspaper market behind China and , selling 50 million copies a day. The most widely read dailies are Yomiuri Shimbun (daily circulation >10 million), (8 million) and Mainichi Shimbun (4 million). dailies in the market include , The Daily Yomiuri, Weekly, The Asahi Evening News and Mainichi Daily News. The latter two now publish their English editions online only. Magazines that regularly feature international artists, music and events include: Publication Publisher Description Metropolis Metropolis KK / English language – Weekly, Free. 1,000 distribution points Japan Inc throughout Tokyo, Yokohama and China, including Holdings selected retail outlets, hotels, embassies and F&B establishments. Circ: 30k Tokyo Weekender Bulbous Cell English language – Fortnightly, Free. Over 300 distribution Media points in Tokyo including selected retail outlets, hotels, embassies and F&B establishments. Circ: 20k Fukuoka Now Fukuoka Now Ltd Bilingual – Monthly, Free. Over 500 distribution points in northern Kyushu including train stations, hotels, retail outlets and F&B establishments. Circ: 15k Kansai Scene Mojo Print English language – Monthly, Free. Distributed through over 500 points in the which include Osaka and . Circ 15k El Magazine Foss Publishing English language – Monthly, Free. Over 290 distribution House points in Tokyo. Rockin’ On Locking-On – Monthly. Features artists from Rock, Alternative and Indie genres. Inrock In Rock Co Japanese language – Monthly. Features mainly Pop and Rock artists. Crossbeat Shinko Music Japanese language – Monthly. Features artists and Entertainment music from Rock, Alternative and Indie genres. Burrn Japanese language – Monthly. Features Metal music. Woofin’ Japanese language – Monthly. Features . Life Jazz Life Japanese language – Monthly. Features Jazz music. Japan Jazz Yamaha Music Japanese language – Monthly. Features Jazz music. Media Original Confidence Inc Japanese language – Weekly. Trade magazine with chart and sales information. Will feature International artists, music news and run features on individuals and indie cos. Grind House Grind House Japanese language – Monthly. Features Rock/ Metal artists.

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(VI) Record Labels The RIAJ is in its 70th year and had 59 members at March 2012. The Japan Gold Disc Award established by the association in 1987 annually honors artists and musical works based on their sales. In 2012 Universal Music artists Lady Gaga and LMFAO respectively walked away with the “Artist of the Year” and “New Artist of the Year” awards in the International category.

The cumulative output of audio recording to June 30th 2012 in value terms was 100.1 billion yen (US$1.2 billion) per RIAJ, and domestic repertoire accounted for 84% of the market share.

According to Oricon’s H1 2012 listing of top ten grossing record companies, Avex Group Holdings was ranked first with the highest market share (15.9%); Entertainment followed with a 14.3% share, and together with Universal Music (9.9%), Toys Factory (6.2%) and (6.2%) they represented the top five grossing companies in Japan. Other local labels on this list include J-Storm, Victor Entertainment and . The remainder of the international majors, EMI and WMG had almost equal market shares last year: EMI just edged WMG, with a 5% share, with the latter claiming a 4.8% share, together with Universal and Sony they represented a total of 34%, highlighting local indie dominance.

Top independent labels in Japan (alphabetical listing) Avex Marketing Inc

Being Inc Columbia Music Entertainment Inc Inc Forlife Music Entertainment Geneon Universal Entertainment Japan LLC King Records Co Ltd Co Ltd Pony Canyon Inc Teichiku Entertainment Inc Tokuma Japan Communications Co Ltd VAP Inc Victor Entertainment Inc Yamaha Music Communications Co Yoshimoto R and C Co Ltd Source: RIAJ, 2011

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In July 2012 the FTC granted Universal Music clearance to acquire EMI Music without conditions in Japan. This makes the country the second in the world to do so after New Zealand, subsequently the EU and US have also approved the deal.

There is a wide variety of small and medium sized local independent record labels in Japan which provide opportunities for international artists and labels. Those notably active in the licensing and release of international music include P-Vine (represents Stax, Alligator) Beat Records (Warp, Ninja Tune), King Records (Naïve, ), Victor Entertainment (E1 Music), Columbia Music Entertainment (Nuclear Blast/RED) and Hostess Entertainment (Beggars Group, Domino Records). Between them these companies have released albums in a variety of genres such as , Jazz, Latin, , Dub, Electronic, Alternative Rock, etc. They also work with overseas labels on “one-off” licenses, and all have at least one staff within their establishments who is efficient in the English language and acts as point person.

(VII) Music Publishing The Music Publishers Association of Japan (MPAJ) was established in 1973 and is the only organization representing the Japanese music publishing industry in the market. It currently has about 300 members which include both publishers and record producers. Its chairman Haji Taniguchi, who started his career at Sony Publishing but spent much of it in Records (also at Avex) is now President of Avex Music Publishing.

In 2010 together with the Japan Association of Music Enterprises (JAME) and the Federation of Music Producers Japan (FMPJ), the MPAJ founded the “Sync Music Japan” project which aimed to promote Japanese artists and their music to the world. The project’s official page on MySpace has to date featured more 300 artists.

With the exception of Universal Music Publishing and Sony/ATV the majors are represented by local giants – e.g Nichion represents Warner/Chappell Music while Fujipacific Music manages catalogues of EMI Music Publishing and BMG Rights Management. These two companies are the biggest in the country and both are affiliates of major conglomerates (Tokyo Broadcasting System and Fujisankei Communications respectively). Besides the majors they also work with well known independent publishing houses such as Mushroom Music Publishing, Conexion Media Group, Music, Peermusic and Bourne Co.

Other local publishing ‘majors’ include TV Asahi Music, Nippon Television Music, Taiyo Music, Victor Music Publishing, Watanabe Music Publishing and Seven Seas Music. The latter four have experience in sub-publishing international catalogues and represent the likes of Sergio Mendes, Lee Ritenour, Brian Wilson, , Kelly Clarkson, Gilberto Gil, and Esperanza Spalding.

It is possible for Canadian companies to do pan-Asian publishing deal with companies such as Taiyo Music and Fujipacific Music which are equipped to administer and managed catalogues in this region through their network of subsidiaries and affiliates.

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(VIII) Local Talent Music production and talent management companies such as market leader Johnny & Associates (which manages super groups SMAP, KinKi Kids, KAT-TUN, ), together with Burning Production, Watanabe Productions, Up-Front Group/Hello! Project, Amuse and Being have an integral role in the music business in Japan. Besides developing and managing artists/talents these agencies also actively scout for new faces to feed the constant demand from the entertainment industry for and celebrities. Many are 360 degree companies involved in management, A&R and record production and have distribution deals with record labels. They however do not participate in international music business.

Japanese artists are hired as salaried employees and earn far less than their counterparts in the West. Monthly salaries generally start from around 200,000 yen (approximately US$2,500). The management companies who provide full ‘baby sitting’ services, have total control and take a huge cut (100% is actually not uncommon) of the artists’ income derived from commercial engagements, media appearances, music sales etc. The logic of this claim is that they have invested in the development of the talent into all round entertainers (lessons in , dancing and acting, personal grooming) often to the minimum of 30 to 40 million yen.

The term J-Pop is believed to have been coined in the nineties when Japanese popular songs were booming in popularity, and many artists managed to sell more than 2 million records individually. Through (Japanese animation), TV shows and video games the genre and its artists managed to amass fans from around the world.

In recent years K-Pop has gained major inroads 2PM to the neighbouring Japanese market with idol groups like 2PM, 2NE1, SNSD (known as ‘Girls’ Generation’ in the English-speaking world and as ‘Shojou Jidai’ in Japanese), KARA and Big Bang. These, though manufactured, have a “cooler and more sophisticated” image benefitting, particularly throughout Asia, from the increased popularity of Korean soap operas which feature K-Pop artists’ music synchronized around individual characters.

This widespread exposure throughout the region, together with the influence of Korean fashion and culture has resulted in pan-Asian success for K-Pop on a different level to that previously enjoyed by J-Pop.

Moreover, K-Pop records are better produced with R&B/Hip Hop influences. The country’s close proximity to Japan enables K-Pop artists to make regular appearances in the market. In 2011 K-Pop artists accounted for 24.4 billion yen (7.8% increase) in sales and KARA and SNSD were the top sellers (per Oricon).

Since World War II due to the strained diplomatic relationship between these two countries they have long kept out each other’s culture from their respective entertainment industries. It was only in the early

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2000’s that country ties began to normalize and Japan finally caught on to the Korean Wave. Today’s common opinion is that J-Pop is stuck in the nineties musically (cute adolescence bland) and there has not been as many big stars produced since , SMAP and , who all are no longer young. The exception for J-Pop is the rise of AKB48, the world’s largest pop group with 48 members, they grossed about US$215 million in last year and all of their five singles released have sold over a million copies.

(IX) Clubs and Dance There’s something for everyone in Japan’s vibrant nightlife, especially in Tokyo, and Osaka which are teeming with bars, clubs, karaoke, and host/hostess clubs. The main entertainment “zones” in Tokyo are Roppongi, and Shinjuku, and there are venues that cater to almost every music style, from pop to dancehall to R&B/Hip Hop to (EDM).

Top DJs from Japan such as , Ken Ishii, WOMB , DJ Krush, Shinichi Osawa, and Tomoyuki Tanaka are high profile, have toured the world and have released albums and mixed compilations through international record labels.

There is a good number of venues in Tokyo that can accommodate 1,000 pax or more. Womb in Shibuya is one of these, on four levels (and the biggest mirror ball in Japan!) and a regular stopover for many international DJs such as Jeff Mills, John Digweed, Sasha, Richie Hawtin, Steve Aoki and Diplo. ageHa (also known as AGH), is an entertainment complex with arena sized dance floors, an outdoor patio and a pool, and has hosted many big names in EDM such as Tiesto, Armin van Buuren and Danny Tenaglia. Its location is a bit far flung in Shin-Kiba an industrial district, but the club runs a complimentary shuttle service (about 30 minutes) from Shibuya for revelers. Depending on the lineup (previously drawn Deadmau5, , Paul van Dyk, Fatboy Slim) the average cover charge is around 4,000 yen (US$51). Other mega clubs in Tokyo include Warehouse702 and Vision.

Medium-sized clubs such as AIR and eleven (formerly known as Space Lab ageHa Yellow) can house up to 800 people. Small venues like Module and Loop can accommodate roughly 300 or less.

For those into hip hop and dancehall/, there is Harlem, Club Jamaica, Club Cactus, Open and The Room.

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(X) Live Performance Japan’s well developed and vibrant live music market makes it one of the world’s main touring destinations for international artists. As per the All Japan & Live Entertainment Promoters Conference (ACPC) 1,705 out of the 18,442 live performances in Japan last year were by international artists, up from 1,305 in 2010. The Rock and Pop genre represents more than half of all international performances. Attendance at these performances last year also increased to 4.2 million from 3.3 million in 2010.

Summer music festivals such as Fuji Rock and Summersonic have an average of about 45,000 attendees per day, and are key events in the international circuit. Fuji Rock 2012 was held from July 27th to 29th, with acclaimed indie headliners such as , The Stone Roses, Noel Gallagher’s High Flying Birds, Jack White, Caribou, James Blake and Justice playing to a record 140,000-strong attendance which included visitors from China, as well as Singapore. Summersonic, known for its eclectic lineup of mainstream and indie genres featured over 100 acts this year including international artists , , Franz Ferdinand, New Order, Sigur Rós, Adam Lambert, Tears For Fears, Pitbull among many others. It took place on August 18th to 19th in Tokyo and Osaka. The annual Tokyo Jazz Festival will take place from 7th to 9th September across three venues in Tokyo, and features 40 artists including Burt Bacharach, Ben E. King, Ellis Marsalis, Take 6 and Esperanza Spalding.

Sponsorship in conjunction with and festivals is commonplace. Fuji Rock, for example, was supported by Pocari Sweat this year and Summersonic involved Chevrolet and Jack Daniel’s as sponsors.

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Beyond Tokyo, other main touring cities in Japan include Osaka, Fukuoka, Nagoya and Kyoto. On top of the widely attended music festivals there is also a secondary (though relatively small) market for alternative/indie live music.

Besides big arenas and stadiums such as the Tokyo International Forum (capacity 5,000), National Yoyogi Gymnasium (13,000), (17,000), Nippon Budokan (20,000), (37,000) and (55,000), there are also hundreds of live venues/houses in Tokyo, most with capacities ranging from 50 to 200 people. Some larger Nippon establishments have seating capacities for about 1,000 with excellent PA and lighting equipment. Notable live venues in Tokyo include O-Nest, Club Quattro, Liquid Room, DUO Music Exchange, Zepp Tokyo, Unit, Bay Hall and Billboard Live; this year alone they have hosted indie acts of varied sounds, e.g. Asobi Seksu, The Wombats, The xx, St. Vincent, Morrissey, Bombay Bicycle Club, Simple Plan and Suzanne Vega. Famed Jazz/Latin musicians the likes of Vincent Gallo, David Benoit and Florin Niculescu have also played at well known live clubs such as Blue Note, Cotton Club, JZ Brat and B Flat.

Several of the venues mentioned above such as Club Quattro, Blue Note, Billboard Live and Zepp also have branches in other cities (e.g. Osaka and Nagoya). Big arenas and mid-sized halls outside of Tokyo where concerts are regularly held include Nagai Osaka Kyocera Dome Stadium (Osaka, capacity 50,000), Osaka Kyocera Dome (48,000), Nagoya Dome (40,500), Osaka-Jo Hall (16,000), Nippon Gaishi Hall (Nagoya, 10,000), Kobe World Kinen Hall (Osaka, 8,000), Grand Cube Osaka (2,700) and Diamond Hall (Nagoya, 1,000).

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Promoters such as UDO Artists, Kyodo Tokyo, Creativeman, Ynos (‘live’ arm of Hostess Entertainment) and H.I.P. are well reputed and have extensive experience in working with international agencies and artist management companies.

Performing live is considered the best form of promotion for artists and bands, and tour support/commitment is common. There are opportunities for non A-list International acts from a variety of genres such as Jazz and Indie Rock to book shows in Japan in intimate venues such as “rai-bu” (live) houses and nightclubs. It is not unusual for promoters and record labels to bring 3 to 5 bands/artists together for “multiple-bill” type tours and showcases to share the expense, e.g. the Hostess Club Weekender organized by Ynos in June featured 10 indie acts over two nights with considerable success, selling out their 2-day passes which costs 13,900 yen (US$180).

Regular music festivals that feature international acts include: Festival Organizer Dates (2012) Genre Fuji Rock Smash 27~29 July Pop, Rock, Alternative, Indie, Dance The Labyrinth Mindgames 15~17 September EDM Loud Park Creativeman 27 October Metal Metamorphose Metamorphose 12 May Indie, EDM Punk Spring Creativeman 31 March~1 April Sapporo City Jazz Sapporo City Jazz 7 July~23 August Jazz Executive Committee Summersonic Creativeman 18~19 August Pop, Rock, Indie, Dance Taicoclub Taicoclub 2~3 June Indie, EDM Tokyo Jazz Festival Tokyo Jazz Executive 7~9 September Jazz Committee Wire Wire 25 August EDM

Indie acts such as the Arctic Monkeys (UK), The Strokes (US), MGMT (US) as well as Canadian acts Broken Social Scene and Crystal Castles have enjoyed reasonable success in Japan, having toured the country on numerous occasions and some have even entered the local charts.

Examples include: Arctic Monkeys – Japan – Zepp 2007, Summersonic 2007, Budokan 2009, Fuji Rock 2011 The Strokes – Japan Hot 100 Chart – Summersonic 2003, Fuji Rock 2006, Summersonic 2011 MGMT – Japan Hot 100 Chart, Shangri-La 2008, Summersonic 2008, Fuji Rock 2010, Studio Coast 2011 Broken Social Scene – Fuji Rock 2006, Liquid Room 2008, Fuji Rock 2010 Crystal Castles – Summersonic 2008, Liquid Room 2011, Club Quattro 2011

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4. The Digital Landscape

Japan represents a great opportunity for international artists with a digital music market ranked second in the world, and valued at close to a billion dollars. Revenue from digital has always been dominated by mobile based sales although revenue has declined 22% in the last year. PC-based downloads on the other hand have been steadily increasing and recorded a very healthy growth percentage of 24% in the same year. Industry players are also hopeful that the recently enhanced copyright laws will contribute to an increase in future sales.

Digital Indicators 2010 vs 2011

4393.2 4087.7

3177.9 3050.8 2010 2011

1078.4 902.4

99.1101.2 117.1 129.4

Internet Users Mobile Recorded Music Recorded Music Recorded Music (m) Subscriptions (m) Sales, Total Sales, Physical Sales, Digital (US$m) (US$m) (US$m)

Source: IFPI, Internet World Stats

The RIAJ believes that there is widespread digital piracy in the market from songs being illegally traded over messaging forums through mobile phones, which is a rather unusual practice in the rest of the world. The number of illegal music downloads was estimated to be more than 4 billion in 2010, valued at around US$8.6 billion in lost sales. The industry is hopeful that with the amended copyright law that was passed in June would-be offenders will be deterred from this practice by the harsh punishments threatened.

Despite Japanese record labels’ history of being very pro-DRM this is gradually changing. In July 2012 it was intimated that Victor Entertainment, Avex Group Holdings and Warner Music Japan would be totally foregoing copy protection on their content by the year end.

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Digital Music Sales, H1 2012 Mobile (US$m) 252.4

Internet (US$m) 102.3 Source: RIAJ Sales by Format (Value)

70.3%

28.5%

1.2%

Mobile Internet Others

Source: RIAJ, H1 2012 Note:- “Mobile” include mastertone, RBT, single track and downloads as well as subscriptions. “Internet” include single track, album and music video downloads as well as subscriptions.

Mobile Music Despite the much reported decline in revenues from mobile in recent years the undisputed fact is that this sector still accounts for over 80% of the digital music market. Simple billing by the mobile operators is attractive to music consumers as they pay for their purchases as part of their monthly bills by direct debit through their banks. Japan is a predominantly cash driven society with credit card penetration rate at only 12% of total consumer spending in a year (per Visa).

RecoChoku (formerly known as Label Mobile) established by the major labels in Japan (including Avex, Victor Entertainment, Sony Music Entertainment, EMI and Universal Music) is the market’s leading mobile music service with about 65% market share. Recently there has been an unconfirmed report that Sony Music Entertainment would be making its domestic repertoire available to iPhone and iPod users through this service and not via iTunes Japan. It is thought that this is due to the longstanding rivalry between Sony and Apple on the Japanese company’s home turf.

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In May 2012 telcos NTT DoCoMo and KDDI announced the launch of their unlimited streaming services Selection and Uta Pass respectively. Both offer subscribers access to their catalogues at 315 yen (US$4) per month.

Sony Corporation’s cloud-based music streaming service Music Limited was first launched in the UK in 2010. Sixteen or so countries later it finally arrived in Japan in July 2012, and is reported to have a catalogue of more than 10 million songs from all the majors as well as leading Japanese independent labels. Users can stream music on both internet connected mobile devices such as Android-based phones and tablets plus the PlayStation and PC.

According RIAJ’s latest data on digital music delivery, single track was the best performing format for mobile music at US$156.4 million (>36 million downloads) as at H1 of 2012, followed by RBT at US$46.3 million (>42 million downloads).

Mobile Sales by Format (Value)

62.4%

13.3%

18.5% 3.3% 2.5%

RBT Mastertone Single Music Video Others

Source: RIAJ, H1 2012

In 2011 more than 87 million units of mastertones (chaku-uta in Japanese) were sold. RBTs (machi-uta) and single tracks sold over 108 million and 99 million units respectively. Typically, Japanese record labels will release mastertones a month (or two) ahead of their physical releases to access market potential and to build up sales of the physical formats. This works well especially for titles that have small or no budget for promotions.

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Top Selling Mastertones in Japan (H1 2012) TITLE ARTIST Be… Ms. OOJA Misenainamidaha, Surely Someday GReeeeN Give Me Five! AKB48 Sakura, I Love You? Kana Nishino We Kana Nishino Rising Sun EXILE Love Story Namie Amuro Te Woman Correctly People Golden Bomber Orbit of Tears - Prayer Mr. Children AI No Matter How Kana Nishino I Wanted To Meet You Naoto Inti Raimi Source: Recochoku.jp

NB: International (western) artists who entered RecoChoku’s Top 100 chart for H1 2012 were Lady Gaga with Born This Way at #57, LMFAO (Party Rock Anthem, #63) and (I Will You, #75).

Top Selling Mastertones in Japan (All-time) TITLE ARTIST Story AI Sakura Kobukuro Anpanman’s March Dreaming Chu-Lip Ai Otsuka Michi Exile Peach Ai Otsuka Ainouta Ai Wo Komete Hanatabawo Superfly Ginga Tetsudou 999 Exile Ichibu to Zenbu B’z Best Friend Nishino Kana Kimitte Nishino Kana Source: RIAJ

Internet Music Downloads PC-based music services have been experiencing slow but steady growth over the past years with revenues having increased from 5.9 billion yen (US$75.6 million) in 2007 to 7.9 billion yen (US$102 million) in H1 2012. The top selling format is the single track download which recorded a little over 33 million downloads (US$68 million in value), followed by album downloads at 2 million units (US$27.2 million).

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Internet Sales by Format (Value)

68.3%

4.8%

26.9%

Single Album Music Video

Source: RIAJ, H1 2012

Japan was the first market in Asia to have iTunes, and on the back of healthy iPod sales the company managed to record over a million downloads within its first four days in the market. Its high profile launch is thought to have given the weak PC-based music market a much needed boost as, prior to this, the market’s existing services only managed to sell a few hundred thousand songs collectively. It is interesting to note that Sony Music only made its international repertoire available on iTunes in 2012, almost seven years after iTunes was first launched here. The growth potential of this service is becoming hard to ignore and with the sales of the iPhone reaching 7.25 million units in 2011 iTunes sales are expected to benefit.

Napster Japan, a joint venture with Japan, was the first subscription based music service in launched in 2006 but, unfortunately, it never gained traction, closing in May 2010. It was believed that the record labels rejected the DRM free and were not convinced on the subscription model hence making it impossible for Napster to license enough content to attract subscribers.

Amazon is one of Japan’s top online retailers with strong CD sales. Its online MP3 store was launched in 2010 though does not have the support of the majors (except for EMI) who are not keen on ’s DRM free policy.

Label Gate, which operates the internet music service , was established in 2000 by Japanese record labels with its major shareholder Sony Music Entertainment.

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Digital Music Services The entry of Music Unlimited heralds a new era for digital music in Japan, indicating industry players are now ready to embrace the subscription-based model which is already growing rapidly in the rest of the world’s mature music markets. Below are digital music services in the market as recognized by the IFPI. Anlloco Beatport Best Hit J-Pop ClubDAM Dwango Hudson ICJ iTunes Lismo Listen Japan Mora Mora win Music Airport Music.jp Music Unlimited Musico Musing Naxos Music Library Oricon ME OnGen RecoChoku Yamaha Music Media YouTube

5. Market Entry Recommendations

Japan being largely a domestic market, media reach is limited. Advertising on traditional media such as TV is too expensive for the majority of independent releases and radio has a restricted impact in stimulating consumer demand and in popularizing artists and their songs.

Most promotional initiatives will require Canadian companies to initially make their content (particularly of new/unknown artists) available for free, as in the case of placement opportunities in TV drama series, shows, and Anime where production companies expect fees to be waived in exchange for the exposure. It is possible to pitch for inclusion after securing a sub-publishing which in turn helps to leverage a master license. Aggressive local publishers are also in a position to secure Japanese covers of English songs.

The latest album of UK recording artist only managed to reach Gold status (100,000 units) in Japan despite phenomenal worldwide success. However, in July it was announced that her songs will be featured in Fuji TV’s new drama serial “Iki mo Dekinai Natsu”. While details of this tie-in are still undisclosed, this development is expected to have a major impact if the drama is as popular as expected. A similar initiative in the 90’s generated 3 million sales for the . Japanese TV commercials also frequently feature music from relatively unknown artists, e.g. Nikon used the track “Welcome Home” by American indie band Radical Face. There are also opportunities for catalogue music – Softbank’s recent advert featured Julee Cruise’s “Falling” which was originally released in 1989. Hence the need for aggressive Japanese representation capable of making the necessary pitches to secure such tie-ups for Canadian repertoire.

Social networking sites have become an important promotional medium for music in recent years and indie acts (domestic and international) can aggressively promote their music through them. For labels without local representation creating an online presence in local language means that music fans can access music and news easily which can help build a foundation. By creating a blog/website in Japanese (preferably mobile friendly as many access the internet via their mobile phones) it is possible to attract consumers to sample or even buy music, follow artist/release news and reach out to the artist/company in

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their own language. Promotion efforts for the appropriate product can also include mail outs to local DJs which, if sent direct from Canada, can have a big impact.

Pre-recorded documentaries with the flexibility to overdub or subtitle in Japanese can be placed both with international airline carriers and within an increasingly hungry TV programming market. This initiative would benefit from a Canadian industry approach towards a series on the history of Canadian music.

A “digital only” strategy can also be explored especially for companies that are already selling content through international affiliated iTunes, Music Unlimited and Amazon MP3, and are in a position to negotiate the inclusion of Japan in their existing licensing deals. However it should be noted that in order to sell mobile content such as the chaku-uta, companies will need to have a label partner and translator or a distributor. This is due to the fact that aggregators like RecoChoku (Label Mobile) only deal with local companies.

As with physical releases, international labels will require the assistance of a local label or distributor to translate and customize content (e.g. Japanese liner notes, obi, press releases, biographies etc) for local use. Special Japanese versions (nihonban in Japanese) with bonus material and different packaging from their international releases are the norm and expected. If without representation, the export of physical CDs through retailers with online presence such as Disk Union, HMV/Lawson, Amazon and Tower Records is another option but it is unlikely that volume will be high.

As for live opportunities, the best starting point is to secure a slot on the festival lineups. Approaching those festivals and organizers listed on the Live section on page 18 would be a good place to start as they have a lot of experience working with foreign bands and are able to communicate in English. Artist agents using the leverage of their more established acts can be particularly helpful in this regard. For artists unknown in Japan that cannot secure performance fees, travel and accommodations are sometimes covered. Live appearances and forthcoming visits help secure both physical releases and local representation. We strongly recommend that any showcase type visits incorporate a set-up period that factor in some of the above initiatives.

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6. Appendices Top 10 Selling Domestic Albums in 2011 Artist Title Unit Sales (Physical only) Arashi Beautiful World 907,589 AKB48 Koko ni Ita Koto 829,645 EXILE Negai no Tou 743,242 Namie Amuro Checkmate! 484,336 Keisuke Kuwata MUSICMAN 414,725 SMAP SMAP AID 413,943 Ikimonogakari BEST selection 397,459 B’z C’mon 383,428 Aiko Summary I 373,677 Superfly Mind Travel 346,598 Source: Oricon

Top 10 Selling International Albums in 2011 Artist Title Unit Sales (Physical only) Lady Gaga Born This Way 658,554 Shoujo Jidai (SNSD) Girls’ Generation 642,054 KARA Super Girl 450,595 Goodbye Lullaby 368,483 Tohoshinki (TVVQ) TONE 293,674 KARA Girl’s Talk 277,306 Che’Nelle Luv Songs 208,439 I’m With You 156,372 VA Songs For Japan 152,554 Shoujo Jidai (SNSD) Hoot 148,761 Source: Oricon

Market Statistics 1. Japan is forecast to be among the top five countries in the world with the most digital households (50.7 million) by end 2017. 2. 134,164,000 units of album CDs were shipped in 2011 and 5,877,000 units of which were new releases. 3. 62,399,000 units of single CDs were shipped in 2011 and 2,902,000 units of which were new releases. 4. International CD albums shipped 37,495,000 units in 2011 and account for 28% of the market. 5. International CD singles shipped 1,374,000 units in 2011 and account for 2% of the market. 6. A total of 361 local artists debut in Japan last year.

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7. Japan’s Anime market is estimated to be worth more than 200 billion yen (US$2.3 billion), with more than 70 series being broadcast in a week. Top Anime studios include Madhouse Productions, Kyoto Animation, Sunrise Inc and Toei Animation. 8. The top selling manga series for the first half of this year are , Naruto and Hunter X Hunter. The top three manga publishers for the same period are Kodansha, Shueisha and Shogakukan. 9. Per the Japan Online Game Association (JOGA) the size of Japan’s online gaming market is worth US$5.4 billion in 2011, and social gaming accounts for market share of more than 66% (US$3.6 billion). Morgan Stanley projects market to grow to US$5.2 billion in 2013. 10. Japanese online game developers had done US$111 million worth of business overseas in 2011. 11. The market size of karaoke in Japan was valued at 617 billion yen (US$7.8 billion) last year according to the All-Japan Karaoke Industrialist Association. Daiichikosho Co. is the country’s biggest karaoke equipment and software provider. Top karaoke establishments in Tokyo include Karaoke Kan, Big Echo, and Shidax.

Music-related Trade Bodies and Associations Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers and Publishers (JASRAC) 3-6-12 Uehara, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8540 T: +81-3-3481-2121 www.jasrac.or.jp

Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) 2-2-5 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001 T: +81-3-5575-1305 www.riaj.or.jp

Music Information on Neighboring Rights and Copyright (MINC) Japan Association of Music Enterprises (JAME) 1-26-3 Sendagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0051 www.minc.gr.jp

Music Publishers Association of Japan (MPAJ) 2-31-8 Minami-Aoyama, Minatu-ku, Tokyo 107-0062 T: +81-3-3403-9141 www.mpaj.or.jp

Japan Association of Music Publishing Gakki Kaikan 4F, 2-18-21 Soto-Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0021 T: +81-3-3257-8797 j-gakufu.com

Federation of Music Producers Japan (FMPJ) 5-48-1 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0001 T: +81-3-5467-6851 www.fmp.or.jp

The Japan Federation of Composers No. 101 Mimori bldg, 1-19-4 Hatsudai, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0061 T: +81-3-6276-1177 www..or.jp

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Japan Composers’ Association (JACOMPA) 4-7 Roppongi 3-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0032 T: +81-3-3585-4970 www.jacompa.or.jp

Agency For Cultural Affairs 3-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo 100-8959 T: +81-3-5253-4111 www.bunka.go.jp

Foundation for Promotion of Music Industry and Culture (PROMIC) 9F Kyodo Tsushin Kaikan bldg, No. 2-5 Toranomon 2-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001 T: +81-3-3560-9881 www.promic.net

All Japan Concert & Live Entertainment Promoters Conference (ACPC) Ebisu LITE bldg, 3F, 3-1-19 Ebisu-minami, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0022 www.acpc.or.jp

Association of All Japan TV Program Production Companies (ATP) Akasaka Konno Building, 4F, 7-10-6 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo T: +81-3-3582-8520 www.atp.or.jp

Center for Performers’ Rights Administration (CPRA) Tokyo Opera City Tower, 11F, 3-20-2 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163-1466 T: +81-3-5353-6600 www.cpra.jp

Geidankyo (Japan Council of Performers’ Organizations) Tokyo Opera City Tower, 11F, 3-20-2 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163-1466 T: +81-3-5353-6600 www.geidankyo.or.jp

Japan Advertising Music Productions Federation (JAM) Sarugakucho 22-1, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0033 T: +81-3-3470-5451 www.jam.or.jp

Japan Association of Professional Recording Studios (JAPRS) 2-1-11 Okubo, Monāku Okubo 3F, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0072 T: +81-3-3200-3650 www.japrs.or.jp

Japan Video Software Association (JVA) 3F, No. 26 Tsukiji MF bldg, 2-12-10 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 www.jva-net.or.jp

Society for the Administration of Remuneration for Audio Home Recording (SARAH) 1-8-14 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083 T: +81-3-3261-3444 www.sarah.or.jp

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Society for the Administration of Remuneration for Video Home Recording (SARVH) Akasaka Mitsuji bldg 6F, 5-4-6 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052 T: +81-3-3560-3107 www.sarvh.or.jp

Association of Musical Electronics Industry (AMEI) 2-16-9 Misaki-cho, Ito Bldg. 4F, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061 T: +81-3-5226-8550 www.amei.or.jp

Japan Association of Culture on Common Music (JACCOM) 5-13-12 Minami Azabu, 2F, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0047 T: +81-3-3447-2175 www.jaccom.or.jp

Japan Society for Contemporary Music (JSCM) 501 Yamaichi bldg, 2-5-7 Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0022 T: +81-3-3446-3506 www.jscm.net

Japan Writers Association (JPM) 3-40 Daikyo-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0015 T: +81-3-3225-1234 www.jpm-nikkagei.com

Musicians Union of Japan Geinokadensha 2F, 6-12-30 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023 T: +81-3-5909-3062 www.muj.or.jp

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