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Masterarbeit, 2014 DEPARTMENT INFORMATION Master arbeit Mediensysteme im Umbruch – Eine international vergleichende Analyse der Medienentwicklungen in Japan und Deutschland vorgelegt von Katharina Grevenhorst Studiengang [Information, Medien, Bibliothek] Erstprüfer: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang H. Swoboda Zweitprüfer: Prof. Dr. Steffen Burkhardt Hamburg, November 2014 II Inhaltsverzeichnis Bibliografische Angaben Grevenhorst, Katharina: Mediensysteme im Umbruch – Eine international vergleichende Analyse der Medienentwicklungen in Japan und Deutschland 171 Seiten, Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg Fakultät Design, Medien, Information Masterarbeit, 2014 Abstract Die vorliegende Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Mediensystemen in Japan und Deutschland vor dem Hintergrund gegenwärtiger Digitalisierungs- und Globalisierungsentwicklungen. Nach der Darstellung theoretischer Grundlagen in Bezug auf Medien und Mediensysteme, folgt eine Analyse der prägenden kulturellen, wirtschaftlichen und ökonomischen Strukturen der beiden Länder. Darauf aufbauend werden die Mediensysteme Japans und Deutschlands analysiert, der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf dem Presse-, Rundfunk- und Onlinemarkt. Insgesamt ist es das Ziel dieser Arbeit herauszufinden, welche Entwicklungen gegenwärtig im Mediensektor zu beobachten sind und welche Antriebskräfte dabei identifiziert werden können. Ferner sollen Tendenzen zukünftiger Entwicklungen in den beiden Ländern prognostiziert werden. Inhaltsverzeichnis III Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis ......................................................................................................... III Abkürzungsverzeichnis .................................................................................................. V Abbildungsverzeichnis ................................................................................................. VII Tabellenverzeichnis .................................................................................................... VIII 1 Einleitung ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Fragestellung und Zielsetzung der Arbeit ....................................................................... 2 1.2 Methodisches Vorgehen und Aufbau der Arbeit ............................................................ 3 2 Theoretischer Bezugsrahmen ................................................................................... 5 2.1 Medien und Mediensysteme ......................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Begriffsdefinitionen ....................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Medienfunktionen und Medienleistungen ................................................................... 7 2.1.3 Bestandteile und prägende Faktoren von Mediensystemen ...................................... 11 2.2 Kommunikationspolitik ............................................................................................... 14 2.2.1 Begriffsdefinition ......................................................................................................... 14 2.2.2 Entwicklungstendenzen in der Kommunikationspolitik .............................................. 15 3 Analyseraster für den Mediensystemvergleich ....................................................... 17 3.1 Ansätze zur Klassifikation von Mediensystemen .......................................................... 17 3.1.1 „Four Theories Of The Press“ von Siebert, Peterson, Schramm ................................. 17 3.1.2 Der neue Ansatz von Hallin und Mancini .................................................................... 19 3.1.3 Der pragmatische Differenzansatz von Blum .............................................................. 20 3.2 Festlegung der Vergleichsdimensionen ........................................................................ 23 4 Prägende Faktoren der Mediensysteme in Japan und Deutschland ........................ 25 4.1 Japan ........................................................................................................................... 25 4.1.1 Geografische und demografische Strukturen im Überblick ........................................ 25 4.1.2 Ökonomischer, politischer und rechtlicher Rahmen ................................................... 27 4.1.3 Stand der Medientechnologie und Infrastruktur ........................................................ 32 4.1.4 Journalistenausbildung ............................................................................................... 34 4.2 Deutschland ................................................................................................................ 35 4.2.1 Geografische und demografische Strukturen im Überblick ........................................ 35 4.2.2 Ökonomischer, politischer und rechtlicher Rahmen ................................................... 37 4.2.3 Stand der Medientechnologie und Infrastruktur ........................................................ 40 4.2.4 Journalistenausbildung ............................................................................................... 42 4.3 Zwischenfazit: Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede beider Länder ............................. 43 5 Das japanische Mediensystem ............................................................................... 46 5.1 Presse .......................................................................................................................... 46 5.1.1 Marktstruktur und Medienorganisation ..................................................................... 48 5.1.2 Vertrieb ....................................................................................................................... 53 5.1.3 Umsatz und Erlösstruktur ............................................................................................ 54 5.1.4 Inhaltliche Ausgestaltung und Leserschaft .................................................................. 56 IV Inhaltsverzeichnis 5.2 Rundfunk .................................................................................................................... 59 5.2.1 Programmanbieter und Marktstruktur ........................................................................ 60 5.2.2 Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung ........................................................................................ 63 5.2.3 Programminhalte und Rundfunknutzung .................................................................... 65 5.3 Onlinemedien ............................................................................................................. 69 5.3.1 Zugang und Nutzung .................................................................................................... 71 5.3.2 Paid Content Angebote ................................................................................................ 73 5.3.3 Soziale Medien ............................................................................................................ 78 5.3.4 Wirtschaftliches Potential ............................................................................................ 80 5.4 Entwicklungstendenzen im Überblick .......................................................................... 81 6 Das deutsche Mediensystem ................................................................................. 84 6.1 Presse ......................................................................................................................... 85 6.1.1 Marktstruktur und Medienorganisation ...................................................................... 86 6.1.2 Vertrieb ........................................................................................................................ 92 6.1.3 Umsatz und Erlösstruktur ............................................................................................ 94 6.1.4 Leserschaft ................................................................................................................... 96 6.2 Rundfunk .................................................................................................................... 97 6.2.1 Programmanbieter und Marktstruktur ........................................................................ 98 6.2.2 Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung ...................................................................................... 103 6.2.3 Programminhalte und Rundfunknutzung .................................................................. 106 6.3 Onlinemedien ........................................................................................................... 110 6.3.1 Zugang und Nutzung .................................................................................................. 112 6.3.2 Paid Content Angebote .............................................................................................. 113 6.3.3 Soziale Medien .......................................................................................................... 117 6.3.4 Wirtschaftliches Potential .......................................................................................... 119 6.4 Entwicklungstendenzen im Überblick ........................................................................ 120 7 Vergleichende Zusammenfassung der Erkenntnisse ............................................. 124 7.1 Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede der Mediensysteme ......................................... 124 7.2 Ausblick
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