VOL.VOL. II II NO. NO. : :3 3 November November 2019 2019 Pages 44 `Pages 80 40 ISSN 2581-995X 80

Agriculture and Allied Sectors Inviting Entrepreneurship ICONS

Maharashtra Economic Development Council (MEDC) Mahaudyam Award is the first and only truly regional award of its kind, MEDC Mahaudyam Award celebrates those who are building and leading successful, growing and dynamic businesses, the exceptional individuals who turn ideas into action, creating a flow-on of success for those around them - generating employment and industry growth, driving the economy and progressing society.

MEDC Mahaudyam Award will provide an exclusive opportunity for entrepreneurs to come together to share insights, development works and promote the best of entrepreneurial endeavor in Maharashtra, & world wide. So, Come, Nominate yourself and Be the Winner! Awards Categories General Awards These are open to all entities having the requisite size, irrespective of the Industry Sector they belong to.The intent is to recognize path breaking initiatives in the areas of Green / Environment focus, CSR, Innovation and Emerging Businesses. An organization can apply for multiple Award categories in the General category.

Industry Specific Awards We are looking for leading entities in the specific sectors contributing to the overall employment, investments and to the Economic Development of the State of Maharashtra MEDC Digest - Cover_FOOD PROCESSINGacross INDUSTRY Inner Food Pages.indd 1 and , Pharmaceuticals27-Apr-19 12:13:30 and PM Biotech, Chemicals, Respecting Vision Automotive, Healthcare Services, IT/ITES, Financial Services, Public Infrastructure Honouring Actions development : Roads, Ports, Airports, etc., Infrastructure: Affordable Housing Development, Industrial Parks, Renewable Energy, / Auto Components.

Eligibility This Awards program is for companies that are headquartered in or have significant operations in the State of Maharashtra. Criteria There are various Award categories for different sizes of companies and operating in specific industry sectors.

How to Apply? Assessment Criteria The Awards Brochure and Entry Form can be obtained • Entrepreneurial spirit • Value Creation • Strategic Direction through the following sources: • Regional, National and Global Impact • Innovation • The MEDC website: www.medcindia.com • By emailing MEDC on [email protected] • Personal Integrity/Purpose-driven Leadership • Contact MEDC office @ 022 22846288/2206

• Opportunity to showcase your achievements and contributions to the economy of Maharashtra • Recognition of Winners at the prestigious Awards ceremony, in front of numerous You Win & Government and Business dignitaries You Benefit! • Publicity for Winners on MEDC website and various media partners of MEDC • All participants get complimentary one-year MEDC membership

Award Partner The Awards Function Scan QR Code to Scan QR Code to will be held in Know about Know about region at the end of Awards Guidelines August 2019, the date for Categories & Rules which will be announced later

MAHARASHTRA ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL Y.B. Chavan Centre, 3rd floor,, Mumbai - 400 021 Tel : 2284 6288/ 2206/2209 Fax : 2284 6394 Email : [email protected] I Website : www.medcindia.com

2 October 2019 MEDC Economic Digest MEDC Governing Board MEDC President: From the President’s Desk Mr. Ravindra Boratkar Managing Director, MM Activ Sci - Tech Communications Dear Members, Pvt. Ltd. The results of the recently concluded elections in Maharashtra have shown that the people of MEDC Vice Presidents : Mrs. Meenal Mohadikar the state are largely in favour of continuation of CEO, Anand Trade the existing policies of the government. This is Development Service a positive development which will have a major influence on the growth prospects of the state. Mr. Chandrakant Sadadekar and allied activities continue to Chairman, Sadadekar Global constitute the mainstay of economic growth in Maharashtra, and this is Group Export-Import an area which will need a lot of policy focus in the coming years. In this regard, many new schemes have been launched by the state government Mr. Mukund Kulkarni Director, Expert Global to promote entrepreneurship in agriculture and allied sectors amongst Solutions Pvt. Ltd. the socioeconomically backward segments of Maharashtra’s population. We have reason to be optimistic about their success and wish the new MEDC Immediate Past- government of Maharashtra all the best in living up to the people’s Presidents: expectations. MEDC Digest - Cover_FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM Cdr. Dipak Naik President & CEO, Naik As many of you are aware, MEDC is one of the organizers of Agrovision, Environment Research a unique event held annually in by the Agrovision Foundation Institute Ltd. (NERIL) under the leadership of Union Minister Mr. Nitin Gadkari. The event is supported by the government of Maharashtra, and it benefits from the Mr. Nandkishor Kagliwal regular and enthusiastic participation of the Chief Minister Mr. Devendra Chairman, Nath Group Fadnavis. This year, the 11th Agrovision will be held from November 22 to 25, and it will attempt to create a common platform for farmers, industry Printed, Published & Edited by and government and bring together stakeholders in the agricultural sector Ms. Ananya Prem Nath on in the hope of creating a better future for farmers. The aim of Agrovision behalf of Maharashtra Economic is to create a more knowledgeable and practical farmer, who understands Development Council (MEDC) what is likely to benefit him and acts accordingly. India’s agricultural and Printed at Onlooker Press, 16, Sassoon Dock, Colaba, community has been at the receiving end for too long, and this is our Mumbai - 400 005 Maharashtra. attempt to rectify that unfortunate state of affairs by providing the farmer and Published from Maharashtra suitable information and opportunity to better his future prospects. Economic Developement Council, Y. B. Chavan Centre, 3rd Floor, The current situation of agriculture in Maharashtra is challenging, and in Gen. J. Bhosale M a r g , Na r i m a n Central India, probably even more so. Even though the region is Po i n t , Mumbai - 400 021. blessed with lush forests, fertile black soil, water resources, and appropriate weather conditions favourable for agriculture, what is really needed is

MEDC Economic Digest November 2019 3 educating farmers about better/smart farming. This includes the adoption of modern technology, implementing the right cropping patterns keeping in mind global warming and climate change, awareness of new avenues in agriculture, importance of allied agricultural businesses like dairy, food and fruit processing, goat farming, fisheries, poultry etc. Farmers also need to be educated on the forward and backward linkages of agriculture with the other sectors of the economy, particularly MSMEs. We are happy to say that all this is seriously attempted in Agrovision. MEDC believes in creating genuine initiatives, which provide an integrative framework and a platform to bring all stakeholders together. To that end, Agrovision is our serious attempt in the agricultural sector. We aim to bring farmers, the administration, NGOs, researchers and industry under a single umbrella to debate and deliberate on the all-round growth of the agricultural sector. Discussions should be free and frank and errors of the past should be courageously rectified without regard to their implications. Farmers should broaden the scope of their consultative activities to include their smaller brethren and informal workers in rural areas, in order to create conditions in favour of real growth. A broader outreach would

MEDC Digest - Cover_FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 not only be useful27-Apr-19 12:13:30 in PM creating a counterweight to vested interests, but it would also reflect the changes transforming the agrarian economy on a real-time basis. This is an experiment we conduct in Agrovision. Apart from providing loans and interest subsidies, government schemes also have a provision to impart skill development training in fields related to agro-industries and allied services. The larger objective is to generate suitable employment opportunities for rural youth in agriculture and allied industries, covering all crops and all regions. From group farming to self- help groups, all segments of society have been considered under the new schemes. MEDC stands with the government every step of the way and will do its best to alleviate infrastructural bottlenecks impeding agricultural productivity and rural entrepreneurship, in an attempt to maximize the growth potential of our farming community. The current issue of the Digest analyses some contemporary issues pertaining to agriculture and allied sectors. We need to better understand how public policies can be further refined to enhance the smooth functioning of this important part of our economy. Ultimately, India’s socioeconomic recovery lies in thousands of small fixes. The agricultural sector is the most appropriate place to begin.

4 October 2019 MEDC Economic Digest From The President’s Desk 03

l MACRO MUSINGS l Agriculture and the Rural 07 Economy - Dr. Dhananjay Samant

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Dairy Projects 23 - Dairy Development Department, Maharashtra State

l COVER STORY l INDIAN AGRICULTURE : 24 where do we desire to go? - Dr. C. D. Mayee CONTENT

MEDC Economic Digest November 2019 5 ROLE AND 27 CONTRIBUTION OF VOL.VOL. II II NO. NO. : :3 3 November November 2019 2019 Pages 44 `Pages 80 40 ISSN 2581-995X

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY,

DAIRY AND FISHERY IN

ECONOMIC GROWTH

OF MAHARASHTRA

- Col. (Prof.) Dr. Ashish 80 Paturkar - Dr. N. V. Kurkure A credible blueprint for 32 agriculture credit Agriculture and Allied Sectors - Shri Adikesavan S 5 Ways To Ease Distress of 35 MEDC Economic Digest Farmers Editorial Board - Moneylife Chairman Mr. Ravindra Boratkar l facts l Editor AGRICULTURE AND 39 Ms. Ananya Prem Nath ALLIED ACTIVITIES Senior Manager - Research MEDC Digest - Cover_FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM & Training l l News in MEDC Editorial Advisers: Webinar 42 Cdr. Dipak Naik Immediate Past President MEDC Round Table Conference on ‘Skilling for Women’ Dr. Dhananjay Samant Promoting Social Chief Economic Adviser Entrepreneurship for Women MEDC in Rural India For Advertisement & Circulation: Mr. Anil Pawar Director - Business Development & Admin

Address: MEDC Research Centre, 3rd Floor, Y.B. Chavan Centre, Nariman Point, Mumbai - 400 021. Tel.: +91 22 2284 2206/09 Fax : 22846394 Email: [email protected] Website: www.medcindia.com

6 October 2019 MEDC Economic Digest Macro Musings Agriculture and the Rural Economy Dr. Dhananjay Samant Chief Economic Adviser MEDC [email protected]

Introduction that focus on helping people can also help build more cost- effective supply chains that will Although agriculture contributes emerge from an environment of perpetual disadvantage minimize wastage of produce just 17% to the GDP of India, by offering them suitable and ensure the farmers a better its socioeconomic significance incentives, rather than handouts financial deal. Obviously, all this to the population of the country which perpetuate a mindset of has to be accompanied with cannot be underestimated. Apart dependency. If the economy financial inclusion initiatives and from feeding the country, the is to grow in an inclusive and investments in infrastructure. sector has about half of the 1.3 sustainable manner over the billion plus population depending long-term, this isn’t optional. Social media platforms have a on it for their daily livelihood. pivotal role to play in today’s

Unfortunately, agricultural MEDC Digest - Cover_FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM Making farmers tech savvy agricultural development growth has been declining all strategies. Most Indians are over the country. Between FY Even as we advance steadily comfortable using WhatsApp, 2014-19 agricultural GDP grew on the policy front, we need to and that platform can be used to at 2.9% per annum compared bridge the massive knowledge educate farmers, transform them to a 3.7% per annum growth gap in Indian agriculture between into micro-entrepreneurs and between FY 2005-14. There are farmers on one hand and connect them to national and many reasons for this, not the crop researchers on the other. international markets. Already, least being global warming and Farmers should be encouraged greater access to technology climate change, which are both to learn more about technology has led to the emergence of affecting India particularly hard. and to apply global best practices to enhance their productivity and social enterprise startups in rural If to become a five trillion earning capacity. A greater use of areas that are coming up with dollar economy over the coming technology will also boost their suitable apps to help improve five years, special attention needs entrepreneurial spirit and help the lives of the local population. to be paid to the agricultural inculcate an innovative mindset The government needs to give sector and to the development in the community. Technology a greater push and incentives of the rural economy as a whole. can help farmers access high- to these startups, with a view In this context, the urban- quality inputs, monitor crop to benefiting the commercial rural divide also needs to be health, and analyse relevant prospects of Indian farmers. breached. Special policies need data and other crucial weather Suitably designed startups can to be formulated for rural areas related information. Technology leverage technology to arrive

MEDC Economic Digest November 2019 7 Macro Musings

at innovative solutions to the resistance etc. should be given alleviation. Unless human capital nation’s agrarian crisis. All this priority. The government needs in rural areas is empowered with forms a part of the larger poverty to act proactively both at the updated knowledge and skills, eradication and development farmers’ level as well as at the we will be wasting a key national strategies in rural India. policymakers’ level, to enable the resource and also speeding up small and marginal cultivators to the rate of migration from rural Agriculture and Climate cope with climate change. to urban areas. India continues Change to live in its villages and that is In much of the developing world, The issue of loan waivers where poverty alleviation needs climate change will adversely There are numerous reports of to begin. affect many socioeconomic farmer suicides from all across Conclusion sectors including water resources, India even as the per capita agriculture, forestry, fisheries, income of farmers has risen. Indian society is currently on ecological systems and human In this context, both doles the cusp of change. Fuelled by health. In this regard, India and loan waivers have failed to accelerating globalization and is predicted to be particularly alleviate agrarian distress in India. widespread access to data and hard hit. Vulnerability to climate No doubt, both are politically information, aspirations are rising change is directly proportional appealing, but they come at a cost across all sections of society. If to poverty, as the poor have – they only treat the symptoms these are not adequately realized, MEDC Digest - Cover_FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM fewer resources, both financial and not the disease. The root it will stoke feelings of alienation and technical. Climate change cause of rural deprivation has amongst those at the bottom of will have an economic impact more to do with a lack of skills the pyramid. Before things reach on Indian agriculture, including and economic opportunity rather that stage, we must ensure that changes in farm production, than bankruptcy or indebtedness. the benefits of economic growth prices, supply, demand and trade. This point needs to be understood percolate uniformly across and acted upon. both urban and rural India, Unless our farmers are and across all strata of society adequately prepared to deal After giving farmers the necessary therein. We cannot risk the rise with climate change, the education and training, public of socioeconomic inequality, as sheer magnitude and spatial programs like MNREGA should that will hollow out our claims distribution of such changes may push for knowledge-led (as of inclusive and sustainable affect our ability to enhance our opposed to labour-oriented) job growth, and work against poverty food production commensurate creation. This will take time, but, alleviation. In this context, many with our expanding population. in the long-run, society as a whole of our development strategies That could have serious stands to gain a lot from it. If the for agriculture and the rural consequences. In this context, rural workforce is approached economy need a relook. The research on the development of as a key human resource rather India growth story will remain new crop varieties incorporating than just as labourers, we will be incomplete if our agricultural various traits such as heat and able to meaningfully address the sector and its allied activities are drought tolerance, salt and pest fundamental issue of poverty denied their rightful dues.

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10 November 2019 MEDC Economic Digest Government

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MEDC Economic Digest November 2019 11 Government

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MEDC Economic Digest November 2019 19 Government Activities of Maharashtra Fisheries Development Corporation (MFDC) Maharashtra Fisheries Development Corporation (MFDC)

Ongoing Activities : Introduction : 1. Production & marketing of Ice. Maharashtra Fisheries Development Corporation has successfully implemented the scheme of i. 60 MTPD Ice Plant at Sassoon Dock. reservoir development on the reservoirs which are ii. 10 MTPD Ice Plant at . under the control of M.F.D.C. with the financial iii. 20 MTPD proposed Ice Plant at Nagpur. help of National Fisheries Development Board, since 2007-08. MFDC has received financial 2. Proposed 450 MT Cold Storage at Sassoon support from NFDB as follows Dock. Sr. Name of Amount Amount Amount Amount 3. Production & marketing of Fish. No. Proposal Received Received Received Received 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 MFDC is having 9 reservoirs in Vidharbha 1 Proposal for 9.95 139.92 34.59 68.30 region. MEDC Digest - Cover_FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM enhancement of reservoir 4. Procurement and distribution of Fresh Water Prawn Seed. fish productivity In 2005-2006 MFDC supplied 51.81 lacs prawn to 150 Kg / seed under Vidharbha Package & 16.70 lacs Ha / Yr of seed under regular Prawn Seed Supply Scheme. the reservoirs under the 5. To make available fish transport facilities to society or Government agencies. control of MFDC. 6. To make available fish handling sheds & fish retail outlets to fishermen community or Objectives : fisheries enterprises. 1. To enhance productivity of reservoirs from 7. Proposed Development of Infrastructure & Vidarbha Region of Maharashtra state. Marketing activity in Mumbai, Aurangabad and 2. To increase per capita income of fishermen. Nagpur Region with the help of 100% Grant- in-Aid from G.O.I. 3. To trained the fishermen for self employment in Pen & Cage culture for rearing of seed. G.O.I. sanctioned Rs. 92.21 lacs project Proposal, out of that 46 lacs has been received. Proposal :

Proposal for Reservoir Develop-ment under To enhance the productivity of the reservoirs in N.F.D.B. Scheme: the Maharashtra state, as per the guidelines of

20 November 2019 MEDC Economic Digest Government

Government of India, the state is planning to • *Fish Fry @ Rs. 0.25/seed. increase the efforts for implementation of the schemes of National Fisheries Development • Realisation is considered as – Fry to Fingerling- Board. The matter was discussed between the state 60%- Target is to produce 450 lacs fingerling department and MFDC, during the state assembly and from 450 lacs fingerlings to produce 360 period at Nagpur in the month of December, 2009. lacs of 100mm fingerlings.

Accordingly, MFDC has received a list of the • ** Rearing Cost include - Direct cost to rear reservoirs, having water spread area more than 500 seed - such as Feed, Labour, Construction of hectors from Nagpur and Region. There Pens, Cages where possible, water charges, etc. are 22 reservoirs from these two regions which are having water spread area more than 500 ha. Planning for rearing of seed : Out of these 22 reservoirs, 4 reservoirs are under Sr. Parti-culars Area No. of fry to the control of MFDC, where NFDB schemes No. Required/ be Reared are already being implementing. It is proposed to Nobs implement the same scheme on the remaining 18 1 Ponds 41 Ha 410.00 Lacs reservoirs from Vidharbha Region. (Annexure -1) 2 Pens 30 Ha 300.00 Lacs As per the guidelines of NFDB, the rate of stocking 3 Cages 100 Nobs 40.00 Lacs of fingerlings (+100mm) is proposed, category wise. (Annexure – 1). The total investment for 4 Total 75 Ha 750.00 Lacs development of these 18 reservoirs will be to the tune of Rs.357.93 lacs. 1. It is proposed to make available rearingMEDC Digest - Cover_FOOD ponds, PROCESSING INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM free of cost to M.F.D.C. Details of expenditure to produce +100mm seed will be as follows : 2. 100 cages will be installed after the site inspection by MFDC officers. Sr. Particulars Amount Bifurcation No. in Rs. of Rs.1/- 3. Number of pens to be installed reservoir wise is proposed as follows. *1 Purchase of 187.50 Lacs 0.5238 750 Lacs of Sr. Name of reservoir No. of Area Fry No. PENS Covered **2 Rearing Cost 112.14 Lacs 0.3133 1 Wadgoan 3 5 Ha 3 Transportation, 22.50 Lacs 0.0629 2 Nand 1 1 Ha labour, 3 Itaia Doh 3 5 Ha and other contingencies 4 Pujari Tola 1 1 Ha at the time of 5 Asolamendha 2 3 Ha stocking 6 Dina 1 1 Ha 4 Management & 35.79 Lacs 0.1000 Administrative 7 Upper Wardha 3 10 Ha expenses 8 Arunawati 2 4 Ha 5 Total 357.93 Lacs 1.0000 9 Total 16 30 Ha

MEDC Economic Digest November 2019 21 Government

Responsibility of MFDC : State. The successful implementation of low cost • Tendering for purchase of seed. technology in the activity of seed rearing in the terms of PENS and CAGES, during the last couple • Survey of seed producer’s capacity. of years, is an asset of MFDC. National Fisheries • From seed purchase of seed to rear up to Development Board has appreciated the work done 100mm size only. by MFDC. MFDC has also successfully organized Training of Trainers programme, where fisheries • Site selection for installation of Pens and officers of various states were trained for PEN and Cages. CAGE culture.

Responsibility of Local Co-operative Society : MFDC will be grateful if the State Government can • To protect seed from poaching. provide an opportunity to MFDC to participate in the enhancement of productivity of reservoirs of • To provide local and Skilled labour. Maharashtra State. • Stocking arrangements immediately after reaching seed size of 100mm. Sr. No. Name of reservoir E- WSA In ha. Responsibility of Department: 1 Kindsi 650 • To provide seed rearing ponds, near the 2 Wadgaon 2242 reservoir, free of cost. 3 Nand 1347 • To provide Technical Guidance when 4 Navegoan Bandh 667

MEDC Digest - Cover_FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM and where required to MFDC. 5 Etia Doh 4869 Time Table for Implementation of scheme 6 Pujaritola 1831

Sr. 7 Ghodazari 566 Month Work to be Done No. 8 Asolamendha 1746 January Recommen-dation to NFDB, 1 9 Dina 827 -2010 from State Government 10 Upper Wardha 5500 February Submission of proposal to 2 11 Katepurna 805 -2010 NFDB, in prescribed Format 12 Adan 740 Administrative approval is April expected from NFDB 13 Pen Takali 592 3 -2010 Ploughing of ponds and Pens, 14 Nal Ganga 732 removal of insects 15 Gokhi (Goravi) 860 May Liming , fertilization of ponds 4 -2010 and pens 16 Pus Prakalp 565 June Intake of fresh water in ponds 17 Lower Pus 940 5 -2010 and pens 18 Arunavati 2370 TOTAL 27849 Conclusion :

MFDC can play an important role in enhancement Courtsey:- (Maharashtra Fisheries Development Corporation State of productivity of reservoirs in the Maharashtra Government of Maharashtra)

22 November 2019 MEDC Economic Digest Government Dairy Projects Dairy Development Department, Maharashtra State

Dairy Development Department has three farms. Aarey, Dapchari and Palghar. Dapchari Milk project, Dapchari was established in 1960 to relocate the milch animals. About 2677 hectors of land were acquired on Mumbai – Ahmedabad highway, about 150 KMs. from Mumbai. A (capacity 1380 Million ltrs.) was built in this project. But the cattle shed owners of Mumbai did not show any interest in shifting to Dapchari. So, some changes were made MEDC Digest - Cover_FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM in the Project. At present various agricultural schemes land are utilized for production Krishi Centres were allotted to are implemented with above of green/natural grass. On an the farmers, having 2.5 acres of 100 cluster units (Gaothan) and average, about 4200 M.Ts. of land with 12 milch cows in their associated 170 agricultural areas. green grass is grown each year. units as well as Goshala is having In such schemes, the owner/area The Govt. earns revenue from the milch animals and calves at holder gets land for dwelling, this. Nursery was started in Dapchari. The A.I. programme shed for about 12 cows and 1 1991 to help for forestation by was undertaken for an increase in hector of land for agriculture. cultivating grafts/seedlings of milk production, for this purpose plants like Gulmohar, custard 20000 Ltrs of milk chilling centre Palghar apple. was established in the year 1980 In the year 1951, Palghar Farm at Dapchari. But now a day the Project was established to solve Project Officer, Dapchari milk production decreased hence the problems of cattle shed the 400 litres of the bulk cooler History owners facing the rearing of is established in the year 2003 for chilling milk. Surplus milk is dry buffaloes and to supply dry The Dairy project, Dapchari dispatched to Aarey Dairy. fodder for the Mumbai based was started in the year 1960. milch animals. Total of 1432 Previously the target was fixed The Chilling Centre processes hector land was acquired. Of for 800 Krishi Centre to uplift 300 Litr./ Day and distributes these, about 1262 hectors of the poor farmers, but only 270 100 Litr./ Day. (Courtsey: Dairy Development Department, Maharashtra State)

MEDC Economic Digest November 2019 23 Cover Story INDIAN AGRICULTURE : where do we desire to go? Dr. C. D. Mayee Former Chairman ASRB-ICAR, New Delhi [email protected]

Agricultural Transformation of diversification have now Avdhut Shivanand Farming, Indian Agriculture is a vital become India’s inherent strength Rishi Krishiand now Zero Budget Natural Farming may sector of the national economy in agriculture. No country grows not be the right step forward to with nearly 50% population as many crops as India cultivates. meet the INCOME challenge of engaged in crop agriculture Family managed small farms and farmers. Even the Government’s and allied fields. Indian has 1.3 their crop-livestock/fisheries or Organic farming Institutions billion people or approximately alternative agriculture type of have raised objections to these 17.9% of the global population mixed farming systems and many obscure methods of farming which lives on 2.4% land and other specialities are unique to that have yet to prove the 5% water resources of the Indian Agriculture. benefits through scientific world. Despite being highly Agrarian Revolutions and methods. The nomenclature of populous, India has made these farming methods does not remarkable strides in agricultural Current Shift MEDC Digest - Cover_FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM matter as long as they follow production since independence. Success of this kind has come the standard principles of agro- After self-sufficiency in food after a long struggle by agriculture ecology and are scientifically grain production in early researchers, development proven. These decisions come eighties the country witnessed agencies and of course, the at a time when farm incomes in revolutions in allied sectors farmers. The have been hit following a such as horticulture, livestock, agriculture development clearly crash in crop prices. Financially fisheries, poultry, beekeeping, spells out the contributions of all supporting such methods of mushroom, sericulture, these stakeholders but specifically cultivation at the cost of public and . Except vegetable mentions the unstinted support agricultural research institutions, oils, India has achieved true of policy makers and politicians which are lacking funds and independence in agricultural since Independence. Agrarian stewardship and also restricting production. Interestingly revolutions; like the green, farmers the freedom to use the the yesteryears policies of yellow, golden, white and blue new and upcoming technologies, promotion of horticulture under are a matter of national pride. may not be good policy steps. Employment Guarantee Scheme Unfortunately the current Agricultural research Institutions have given rewards as the farmers’ woes and their in this country have time and country’s horticulture production expectations of higher income again proved their utility in has surpassed that of food grains from farming are being blamed to raising productivity, sustainability for the seventh consecutive these revolutions of agriculture and profitability of farming. year in a row at 310 mt from and hence the present policy shift They will be unable to compete only 25 million hectares land in denouncing the new modern in the world to develop modern 2017. This is all in spite of no technologies and going back to technologies in agriculture if dramatic increases in cultivated Yogic farming, Gau Mata kheti, funds for research, teaching and area or . Such efforts Vishnavkheti, Ahinsa Farming, extension are dried.

24 November 2019 MEDC Economic Digest Cover Story

The Twin Challenge R&D System in Stress Future Policy Changes The twin challenge today is to Research and development in To improve productivity and raise productivity, production to India after independence has profitability in a sustainable meet the demand of growing helped to raise the per capita manner there is a need to change population but coupled with production and has gone a our policy from input intensive making the farming remunerative long way easing the pressure on to technology intensive; rather to farmers. Thus farming is a dual meeting the food and nutritional skill intensive agriculture. In purpose pursuit that has to ensure requirement securities. Let recent years the benefits of both food security of the nation us remember that these are new technologies have been as well as income security of the the impressive contributions experienced and still we are not growers and it has to be achieved made by agricultural scientists open to adopt them. For example; without disturbing environment in the past. Unfortunately the GM seeds for cotton, mustard, and all natural resources. India system is under stress with maize, brinjal, rice, groundnut is said to be the fastest growing lack of clarity on focus and etc. Hybrid technologies in maize, vegetables, conservative economy , however, nearly 20 financial resources. Our past agriculture, System of Rice crore population live below experience should be enough Intensification (SRI), Precision poverty line, 40% suffering for us to keep faith in our R&D farming, Farm mechanization, from malnutrition, 42% children systems. They have potential to Hi-tech cultivation of fruits are underweight and 13 lakh mitigate the challenges posed vegetables and flowers, Primary by climate change, biodiversity, of them die before their first and secondary processing small farming issues, and birthday. Therefore, the SO- introduced in farm produce and market reforms for the benefit MEDC Digest - Cover_FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM CALLED development in the many other technologies have life of rural inhabitants depresses of farmers. According to already shown that they can all of us. This obviously points ICAR-NAIP study, returns to deliver the goals of meeting the the fingers at the mismatch investment on research have objectives of higher productivity between resource allocation, been found to be highly paying and profitability. governance management, and proposition. The internal rate our developmental claims. of return on investment in Taking one example forward, agricultural research is estimated GM seeds have emerged as Low national productivity to be more than 42%, which a powerful new technology and high regional production is much higher than any other promising high productivity with disparity can be met with efforts sector. Then what prevents us less use of natural resources and to give quality and judicious from investing in this sector? also chemicals in the last two use of farm inputs like water, Investment in generation of new decades. The GM technologies fertilizers, pesticides, seeds etc. technologies which have direct have gained increasing Farmers need to be encouraged implications in proper resource acceptance around the world. to shift to high value commodities use efficiency, so also in teaching The technologies are likely to in horticulture, fisheries, animal and extension need to be play useful role in addressing production and so on. With too enhanced. The gap in financial some of the intractable much emphasis of production commitments made in the problems that the current and procurement over the years beginning of the plan and now methods of improvements in we are unnecessarily obsessed annually, is widening and thus, stocks of crops, animals and with food security in spite of the acts as a constraint in taking the fisheries, cannot answer. It is fact that our storages are full of research programmes to logical also worthwhile that the new them. conclusions. methods and materials are being

MEDC Economic Digest November 2019 25 Cover Story discovered practically every day is operated in India just in some agrarian crisis lies in inadequate in production of new GM seeds miniscule crops and in few states. investment in agriculture sector. that are bio-environment safe The procurement is absent This includes the infrastructure and largely acceptable. As a part throughout the country. For the development as irrigation of strategy therefore, to bring perishable crops let us forget facilities, roads, markets, cold second evergreen revolution, that it can be done. Therefore, storages, rapid transportation India must return to permitting the farmers are throwing the for perishables coupled proven and well –tested GM vegetables, milk and such with development of new technologies with adequate perishable commodities on road technologies to improve resource safeguards. When we are heavily as a protest for better returns. use efficiency. Unfortunately importing vegetable oils, why we To improve the share of farmers investment in agriculture R&D stop the entry of GM mustard in the price paid by consumers, has been reduced from 0.8% is not easy to digest. The a different strategy has to be to 0.4 % of total agricultural technologies may also be useful adopted. The solution lies in GDP. Considering that there in groundnut, pigeon pea chick market reforms and altering is a resource crunch and it will pea, and some other oilseeds and the structure of APMC Act. be continued, it is imperative pulses to resolve the intractable Model APMC act has never been to prioritize the resources to biotic and abiotic problems that implemented in spite of several ensure their optimum allocation are hampering the productivity efforts made during 2004 to 2012. and use. The current focus of of these crops. The all-round market reforms R&D investment appears to be can ensure better price through misplaced. If we miss investing in Investment for Doubling direct negotiations between the generation of new technologies MEDC Digest - Cover_FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM Income of Farmers producer and consumer. There in place of evaluating, promoting are several good examples of such and exploring the traditional The major challenge is to double marketing reforms, they need ones, then we will be far behind the income of farmers in three to be universally implemented. the world. Thus, let us not think years , rather making the farming Similarly the Essential of the whole country having remunerative to farmers as Commodity Act has created an only one system of farming the young generation may be environment of uncertainty and like organic, chemical, ZBNF, attracted towards it. Today’s discourages entry of large players biodynamic etc. We need location paradox is that on one side into agriculture infrastructure specific farming interventions we have enough production, in the country. Maharashtra has and develop suitable technologies stores are full, middlemen and shown the way to small farmers for vast mass of soil and consumers are happy that they to come together in the form environment. In some places get what they want at reasonable of GATSHETI, or Farmers’ we may not need chemical use prices but on the other hand the but at some it may be essential. Producing Groups that can scale farmers are driven to suicide as Therefore a comprehensive up production and then bargain they are unable to maintain their approach with strong back up for remunerative price returns, a families on their farm income. of scientific temper and firm win-win situation for both, the We have adopted a classical rejection of anti-science or farmer and consumer. model of MSP for a long time pseudo-science postures is the to help farmers from price right way to proceed towards the distress and market fluctuations. Epilogue goals of achieving productivity, We are also ensuring to fix Investment and technology profitability, sustainability, the prices above the cost of creation are two major drivers of and without harming the cultivation. Unfortunately MSP growth. A major cause of present environment.

26 November 2019 MEDC Economic Digest Cover Story ROLE AND CONTRIBUTION OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY, DAIRY AND FISHERY IN ECONOMIC GROWTH OF MAHARASHTRA Col. (Prof.) Dr. Ashish Paturkar Dr. N. V. Kurkure Vice-Chancellor Director of Research Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University (MAFSU), Nagpur Sciences University (MAFSU), Nagpur [email protected] [email protected]

ducation, increasing for cheaper and quality food and is a substitute for artificial population, and products is increasing rapidly. fertilizers being imported Eunemployment are some of the from the Western World and is few issues that need to be dealt As an industry, Animal extensively used by the farmers. with firmly to make India compete Husbandry has given rise to many in the era of globalization and ancillary and allied industries. Of As far as animal husbandry liberalization. Animal husbandry, this, the poultry sector serves the is concerned in Maharashtra, dairy, and fishery sector play a important purpose of converting majority people from low income vital role in the Indian economy grain and other agricultural bye- group depend uponMEDC Digest - Cover_FOODlivestock PROCESSING INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM and employment generation. product into egg and poultry for their livelihood. Livestock meat, for the nutritional benefit contributed 16% to the income India is an agricultural country of mankind. The success of the of small farm households as and the livestock sector is an poultry industry is attributed to against an average of 14% for integral part of agriculture. its role in the supply of superior all rural households. Livestock It is the backbone of India’s quality of food, employment provides a livelihood to two- economy in the form of generation, yearly profit, third of the rural community. income, employment, and mixed farming, low labor cost, foreign exchange earnings. increasing the fertility of the soil, Today, the livestock sector’s Livestock plays an important etc. Poultry farming provides contribution to agriculture GDP role in the socioeconomic life a remunerative job to 40 lakh is around 25-28%. Dairy sector of India. Dairy is an associate people directly in India and 4 contribution is around 65-70% industry with the Livestock lakh people in Maharashtra. It is to the livestock sector. The sector. The picture is similar to a very versatile industry and can livestock sector contributes 8% a more agriculturally dependent provide jobs to all categories of to the state GDP. In our state, economy in Maharashtra. people. nearly 75-80% of people are living in villages, 69% of them are Animal Husbandry plays a pivotal Animal and poultry manure is an engaged in agriculture, and 43% role in providing a rich source of extremely rich source of nitrogen of them are cultivators having high-quality foods such as milk, and organic material. Hence, a bit of cultivable land. The meat, and eggs. With the growing it is highly regarded as the best remaining 26% are agricultural human population, the demand of naturally available fertilizers labourers who are having one

MEDC Economic Digest November 2019 27 Cover Story

or two milch animals. For small like Punjab, Haryana, Jammu & tons in a year. India's per- farmers, landless and agriculture Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, capita consumption of meat laborers, the livestock sector is Kerala, Gujarat, and Rajasthan stands at 4.4 kg per person. providing sustainability to their compared to Maharashtra Fish is the most consumed lives. where livestock accounts for a meat in India followed by sizeable share of agricultural chicken. The monthly per The growth of the livestock income as well as employment. capita consumption of fish sector is much faster (6 to 8%) Empirical evidence from India is up by 22% in urban India than core agriculture itself as well as from many other and 32% in rural India. The (2.3%). The dairy industry has a developing countries suggests per capita consumption growth of 5 to 6 % per annum, that livestock development has of poultry meat is 1 kg whereas, the egg industry has been an important route for poor against 11 kg norms of grown 4 times and broiler households to escape poverty. NIN. Taking into account industry 10 times in last decade. the above facts and figures, It is estimated that the dairying A quick review of Indian Maharashtra has great sector alone is contributing more livestock sector reveals that potential to contribute than 15% of the Gross National livestock provides following to animal, fishery and Income. food and non-food items to the dairy sectors, which can people. be increased in the next In the global scenario, India is the five years by a systematic topper in milk, 3rd position in egg Food: The livestock provides approach. MEDC Digest - Cover_FOODand PROCESSING5th INDUSTRYin Innerchicken Pages.indd 1 production. food items27-Apr-19 such12:13:30 PM as Milk, However, India is not a major Meat and Eggs for human • Livestock player in the consumption. With a production Fiber and skins: also contributes to the in livestock products. India’s of 176.34 million tons of milk in production of wool, hair, share in the world trade of meat 2017-18, India is the number one hides, and pelts. Leather is and poultry is very low (0.5%). milk producer in the world. The the most important product per capita availability of milk is which has high export In India, livestock provides around 375 g/day. regular, supplementary income potential. India produced to producers engaged in Similarly, livestock produces about 41.5 million Kg of secondary and tertiary forms about 95.22 billion eggs. The wool per annum in 2017- related to livestock business. per capita availability of eggs 18. Indian leather totals up Besides providing organic is 74/annum .i.e. only 24% of to 13% of the world’s total manure, livestock is an important National Institute of Nutrition production of skins, and source of several value-added (NIN) norms of India. The around 10% of the world’s byproducts, which are not per capita consumption of egg footwear production also properly processed and utilized in Maharashtra is only 56 eggs comes from India. It is as a commercial activity, but while that of India is 74 and that recorded that from total have immense future business prescribed by NIN for the egg is leather exports 40% of potential. The growth in the 180. buffalo and 30% of goat livestock sector is demand-driven, rawhide skins are used for inclusive and pro-poor. Incidence • The meat production of leather. As per the official of rural poverty is less in states India is around 7.70 million data, the exports of leather

28 November 2019 MEDC Economic Digest Cover Story

used in the treatment of psychic human beings.

Present status of Dairy Industry:

Though dairying is a secondary occupation for about 69% of India’s farming community, India is the world's largest milk producer since 1998-99.

According to estimates of the Central Statistical Organisation (CSO), milk accounted for 68% and leather products for • Dung and other animal of the total value of output from April-June 2018 have waste materials: Dung and livestock. It contributes close to touched USD 1420 million. other animal wastes serve as a third of the gross income of In Mumbai, leather exports very good farmyard manure rural households and in the case take place from Jawaharlal and their value is worth of those without land, nearly half Nehru Port Trust (JNPT) several crores of rupees. of their gross income. Women which is worth 25% of total Besides, they are also used constitute about 70%MEDC Digest - Cover_FOODof PROCESSINGthe INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM leather exports of India. as fuel (biogas, dung cakes), labor force in livestock farming. and for construction, as • Draft animals: Bullocks poor man’s cement (dung). In spite of the above fact, India’s along with pack animals exports of milk products have like camels, horses, • Cash crops as animals: remained at less than 0.2% of donkeys, ponies, mules Livestock is considered as domestic milk production. The etc. are the backbone cash crops for farmers entire requirement of the country because of their potentiality of Indian agriculture. is met essentially from domestic to dispose of during Despite technological production. India’s cost of milk emergencies. It is the capital advancements, their use production is competitive with resource farmer possesses the world’s advanced dairying for mechanical power in and for availing loans from nations. Indian agricultural and the local sources such non-agricultural operations as money lenders in the Maharashtra has potential and is still top priority. This villages. can take lead in increasing the leads to saving a lot of fuel export of Milk by-products to which is a necessary input • Dogs: Rearing of dogs achieve a trillion dollar economy for using mechanical power is yet another source of in future. like tractors, and combined Livelihood to many in The main constraints in dairy harvesters to transport urban and suburban areas; development are: goods in different parts of also they are one of the best the country. human companions and are i. Poor management.

MEDC Economic Digest November 2019 29 Cover Story

ii. Stock of poor genetic quality. is an important sector of food Strategy for Development of production providing nutritional iii. Poor credit facilities. Animal Husbandry and Dairy security, besides livelihood Sector: iv. Lack of veterinary support and gainful employment extension services. to more than 14 million people, Accelerating GDP growth in the livestock sector over 8% during the v. Insufficient nutrients and and a significant contribution to coming years is not an easy task. The green fodders. agricultural exports. following strategies for development vi. Poor quality semen. The total fish production during are the need of the hour: vii. Inadequate and improper 2018-19 is estimated to be 13.86 breeding. million metric tons, of which 1. Action for small scale nearly 65% is from the inland production that allows viii. Lack of vaccination sector and about 50% of the small farmers to integrate facilities. total production is from culture vertically with livestock ix. Adverse environment. fisheries. Together they constitute processors and input about 6.3% of the global fish suppliers. In this regard, a Constraints facing Co- production. It accounts for sustainable and financially operative Development: around 10% of the total exports viable livestock farming, i. Regional Imbalance in the and nearly 20% of agricultural which will generate wealth co-operatives. exports, and contributes to and self-employment about 0.91% of the GDP, through training and MEDC Digest - Cover_FOODii. PROCESSINGPoor INDUSTRY viability Inner Pages.indd 1 due to losses. whereas, it 27-Apr-19contributes 12:13:30 PM nearly financing entrepreneurship, iii. Low capacity of the 5% to the agricultural GDP. Fish is the need of the day. utilization of dairy plants. industries export earning is more than 45 thousand crores, and its 2. Public-private partnership iv. Lack of working capital and employment generation is over initiative, which needs to be inability to repay loans. 14 million. expanded during the next v. Political interference in co- year's Plan. operatives. The contribution of Maharashtra to this sector can also be increased vi. New economic policies. 3. Producers’ organizations by exploiting the output of like Dairy Cooperative vii. Improper management. unutilized and underutilized societies organized on the viii. Competition from the inland ponds. ‘Anand’ pattern need to be private sector. taken up in other livestock Present scenario of Animal products especially meat Husbandry and allied sectors: If Maharashtra targets a trillion and poultry. dollar economy, these constraints Public extension services play need to be addressed and the a major role in technology 4. Livestock production University can play a pivotal and knowledge transfer in the requires several services, role as a technical advisor to livestock and allied sectors. The especially on the site. Such overcome them. concept of extension service services should be delivered delivery has been weak and at the farmer’s doorstep and Fishery industries: neglected both by policymakers linked with cost recovery Indian fisheries and aquaculture and researchers. for economic viability.

30 November 2019 MEDC Economic Digest Cover Story

5. The present system of restrictions on the export waters as also the fresh livestock improvement of livestock and its products waters will call for major needs to be restructured. removed. technological interventions. There should be a service delivery mechanism 11. Institutional Restructuring: 2. Planned grounding appropriate technologies are conducive to the The key pillars of imperative for additional fish requirement of rural Institutional structure production e.g. Cage culture. livestock producers and the providing services in creation of an environment Animal Husbandry, Fishery, 3. Optimal utilization of in which farmers are and Dairy Sector are; the already developed incentivized to improve the i) Central and State technologies is also a case productivity of their stock. Government, worthy of serious scrutiny as it is seen that several 6. In the livestock and ii) Private Sectors, useful technologies are allied sector, there is an iii) Producer Institution, languishing in laboratories. urgent need to develop iv) Autonomous Bodies a mechanism to provide 4. Land availability is a the transfer of technology and Universities. constraint in most states to improve the skills and v) NGOs. hence a well-planned competence of all the approach needs to be taken MEDC Digest - Cover_FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM stakeholders. Proper coordination in making available land between the above five 7. The provision of micro and pillars is the need of the 5. A large number of macro credit for livestock hour for the socioeconomic freshwater reservoirs in production has been a upliftment of the farmers the country remain mostly major problem in all parts and marginalized society. unutilized from a fisheries of the country. It needs to point of view. Hence, a be suitably resolved. 12. Feed Industry: designed approach needs to be established for their 8. Livestock farming is a major Efficient animal management efficient and effective player in dry lands and is the result of better utilization. hill regions. The focus in breeding, balanced feeding, these regions should be on health care, and hygienic Thus, in a nutshell, it can be livestock production as more managerial practices. Milk concluded that if the animal than half of family income production can be doubled if sector, dairy sector, and fishery is derived from livestock. animals are given quality feed sector are nurtured well it will and fodder. boost the production of quality 9. To encourage exports, food for people at a relatively Suggestion for development all licensing control for lower price, generate substantial of fishing Industry: processing of livestock employment, develop ancillary products/by-products 1. Enhancing fish production units and contribute significantly should be repealed and all from brackish and marine to national GDP.

MEDC Economic Digest November 2019 31 Cover Story A credible blueprint for agriculture credit Shri Adikesavan S Chief General Manager Agri Business Unit

MEDC Digest - Cover_FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM

f implemented well, the Gulati, is remarkable for its data of the sectoral GDP in the 1990s roadmap traced by the RBI’s aggregation on the work done (reform years), has grown to 51 IInternal Working Group can so far, which then provides per cent in 2018 . In the last five significantly boost farm incomes the optimistic backdrop for a years, coinciding with Modi 1.0, blueprint for immediate action. the jump was about 10 per cent! In these difficult times for the This is a pleasant revelation as national economy, it pays to have If taken up in earnest by far as credit reach in quantitative a little bit of optimism similar to all stakeholders, like the terms are concerned. the outlook of the late Swedish governments at the Centre and statistician and physician Hans the States, this plan can give a Game-changers Rosling, who wrote in his booster dose to incomes in the What then are the issues to be bestseller Factfulness about “Ten rural sector in general, with a tackled in this crucial segment, reasons we’re wrong about the focus on agriculture and allied which impinges upon the livelihood world and why things are better activities. of half our working population? than you think”. To my mind, four broad themes The various initiatives taken emerge from the report which if Last Friday’s report of the over the years at the national tackled properly, will be a game- Internal Working Group (IWG) level has led to a spectacular changer for this sector. of the RBI on agriculture credit, increase in the credit support for headed by its Deputy Governor agriculture. Credit to agriculture, The report states that “The MK Jain and pivoted by Ashok which was just about 20 per cent number of (loan) accounts under

32 November 2019 MEDC Economic Digest Cover Story

the small and marginal category Now, when the time comes for Allied activities are 5,13,88,257 and the total giving a fresh KCC loan this year, number of small and marginal banks are faced with a current One reason why bank credit has farmers in the country as per SoF which is lower than 150 flown more towards crop loans is Agriculture Census, 2015-16 per cent of the SoF of 2013-14. because of the sizeable interest was 12,56,35,000. This means, Will bankers have to set a lower subsidy which crop loans get as despite so many initiatives aimed loan limit for farmers than what opposed to loans for allied agri at financial inclusion, only 40.90 was given in the previous year ? activities. per cent of small and marginal There are no answers currently. farmers could be covered by SCBs. There is a need to increase The second significant theme One recent announcement by the coverage of SMF by banks as which the report highlights is the Union government has been they constituted 86 per cent of that agri credit has been much the inclusion of the allied agri total operated holdings.” too skewed in favour of crop activities for KCC loans, which loans at the cost of the allied agri will ensure that interest subsidy What the government and the activities. It is observed that the flows for this segment too. banks should immediately do is allied sector has a share of 38- Hopefully, the skewness in credit a credit product which 42 per cent of the agricultural flow will get corrected over a will cover the approximately output during 2014-2016, though three-year period. seven crore of small and it has only a share of 6-7 per cent marginal farmers, catering to in total agri credit during the Here again, what the banks their comprehensive credit same period (see chart). MEDC Digest - Cover_FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM should seek to do is introduce needs including some income a combo loan for the small/ supplement. With a livestock population of marginal and landless farmers 125 crore, India has been the Here, the conventional credit world’s largest milk producer covering the loan requirement product of the KCC seems to with an output of 188 million for allied agri also. Add to that have outlived its utility. It has tonnes worth over `6.50 lakh a share of credit for income no doubt served the purpose of crore. With fish production at supplements, as some of their improving credit penetration but 13.7 million tonnes, we are next income comes from services the time has come to overhaul/ only to China. and labour for which they need redesign it completely. upfront support. According to the Central Just consider this anomaly. The Statistics Office’s (CSO) detailed The third notable theme is the revised five-year KCC loan crop-wise estimates, the value of focus on public investment that was adopted from 2013-14 and milk produced exceeded the total the report incorporates. Public envisaged an automatic increase value of foodgrains (cereals plus investment in agriculture has of 10 per cent of the loan every pulses) in 2014-15 itself. This has shown a secular declining trend. year. The initial assessment is been one of the imperceptible In the 1970s, one remembers linked to the Scale of ( changes that has happened in having studied at school about SoF), the loan amount fixed for agriculture in the last 15-20 years. huge investments in and crop per acre. This would imply In point of fact, the “White” that the loan in year five (FY has outpaced the “Green” in irrigation like Hirakund (1957), 2018-19) would be nearly 150 per revolutionary terms in the last Bhakra Nangal (1963) and Beas cent of the SoF of 2013-14. two decades. (1974).

MEDC Economic Digest November 2019 33 Cover Story

Finally, the immediate action should be to put money in the hands of farm households with soft/long tenors of repayment. This will be a pump-primer for rural demand and increase farm incomes immediately. There is something known as ‘income- multiplier of credit’, that is an increase in incomes which can be induced by lending.

If banks could innovate a new credit product especially targeted Gross Capital Formation (which for the governments to improve at small/marginal/landless is a proxy for investments) in their spending towards capital farmers, that would be in line agriculture as a percentage of expenditure, which ultimately with the IWG’s objective. It agri-GDP was 9.2 per cent in will stimulate the demand would also go quite a way towards 1980-81, and reached its peak for investment credit in the making Prime Minister Modi’s at 18.2 per cent in 2011-12. agriculture sector. 2016 Bareilly speech on doubling Thereafter, it showed a declining farmers incomes a reality. trend till 2015-16 and then a Which leads us to the fourth slightMEDC Digest - upwardCover_FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRYtrend Inner Pages.indd with 1 13.8 and most important27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PMtheme. (*Courtesy: This article per cent in 2016-17. Further, Agriculture is a State subject and was originally published on the public GCF, which was at therefore the States have to act. the website https://www. 43.2 per cent during 1980-81 has The IWG’s recommendation for thehindubusinessline.com/ come down significantly to 18.8 an inter-State GST-type council opinion/a-credible-blueprint- per cent during 2016-17. As the for agriculture has not come a for-agriculture-credit/ report states, there is thus a need day too soon. article29424456.ece ) Economic Feed Ø India is planning to open 100 additional airports by 2024, as part of a strategy to revive economic growth in the country. The proposal also includes starting 1,000 routes connecting smaller towns and villages in the country. India will also encourage the use of legal drones in its aerospace. Ø India and Saudi Arabia have inked two pacts to add a strategic dimension to their energy ties towards a closer partnership. This will aid in strengthening India’s long-term infrastructural development.

34 November 2019 MEDC Economic Digest Cover Story 5 Ways To Ease Distress of Farmers Moneylife

ndia's rural sector continues to across states. Coupled with has deliriousMEDC Digestconsequences - Cover_FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY Inner onPages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM be plagued by declining prices this, loan waivers in states are bank non-performing assets Iand lack of effective channels for now becoming fashionable to (NPA), agri credit growth and marketing agricultural produce. address farmer distress, which public investment in agriculture. To this end, a properly designed milk scheme for farmers, farmer Agriculture NPA (% of Agri advances) producer organisations (FPOs) Banks Mar-18 Jun-18 Sep-18 scheme for farmers to assure that the entire value chain is Bank of India 11.2 13.5 15.0 taken care of and, wherever BoB 13.6 11.7 11.5 possible, an agri-income support Canara Bank 4.6 4.9 4.8 scheme need to be launched. These measures could provide a Corporate Bank 7.1 7.3 8.3 beginning in the right direction IDBI 19.0 12.4 13.6 at least in the interregnum, says a Indian Bank 2.0 2.5 1.9 research note. OBC 13.2 16.1 15.7 In the report, State Bank of SBI 11.3 11.6 9.9 India (SBI) says, "We believe that the Pradhan Mantri Annadata Syndicate Bank 11.0 14.5 16.5 Aay SanraksHan Abhiyan' Union Bank 6.1 6.9 7.6 (PM-AASHA) procurement scheme as envisaged by Niti Vijaya bank 3.6 4.1 5.4 Aayog has not seen interest Source: SBI Research, analyst presentations of individual banks

MEDC Economic Digest November 2019 35 Cover Story

We must endeavour to create Trends in Agriculture GVA (YoY%) domestic and export markets for farmers. Otherwise we will land YoY% FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 Q2FY19 up in a vicious cycle year after Total Agriculture 5.6 -0.2 0.6 6.3 3.4 3.8 year!" Crops 5.4 -3.7 -3.2 6.9 1.4 0.5 During the second quarter Livestock, Forestry 5.9 6.1 6.8 5.4 6.4 6.7 Q2 FY18-19, agriculture and and Logging, Fishing allied activities grew by 3.8% as and Aquaculture compared to last year’s growth Source: SBI Research of 2.6% and Q1FY18-19 growth of 5.3%. the upside, a large percentage livestock population in the world. of livestock belong to small It accounts for about 57% of the According to SBI, there are and marginal farmers in India. world’s buffalo population and many ways of interpreting agri However, on the downside, 15% of the cattle population. sector growth at 3.8% during merely possession of such Thus, if livestock rearing is taken Q2FY18-19. It says, "First, livestock does not guarantee up professionally, this would not this is higher than the nominal an assured income and hence only result in increase in income growth, indicating a negative agri the small and marginal farmers but would also work as a risk deflator. Second, this growth has often find themselves in distress. diversification for the farming mostly been driven by 'livestock What should worry us the most community. Further, livestock is products, forestry and fisheries' is the fact that agriculture prices the best insurance for farmers MEDC Digest - Cover_FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM components, whereas the crop were in negative territory in Q2 against vagaries of nature like segment including fruits and (-1.0%)," it added. drought and other natural vegetables has merely expanded. calamities. Apart from this, agri NPA for Here are five possible remedies, select banks reveals it is increasing according to SBI, to ease SBI says, "To help boost the and growth in food credit growth farmers... livestock income of the farming continues to remain weak." community it is now imperative 1. Livestock that due importance is given to During the second quarter, the India is endowed with the largest rearing of native cow breeds (A2 livestock products, forestry and fisheries' components grew 6.7%, while crop segment, Contribution of various sources to Total Income (In Rs.) which also includes fruits and Occupation Agricultural Non- All vegetables, having weightage of Households Agricultural Households 45% in overall agriculture, has Households grown by a mere 0.5%. Cultivation 35% NA 19% This, according to SBI, indicates Livestock rearing 8% NA 4% that agriculture as a profession Wage Labour 34% 54% 43 has been losing its importance because its incentive structure. Other Sources 23% 46% 34% "The fact that livestock is gaining All Sources Combined 100% 100% 100% traction in agri activities has both Source: NAFIS, SBI Research an upside and downside. On

36 November 2019 MEDC Economic Digest Cover Story milk). A2 is a beta-casein protein 2018. Till now, the companies Farmer Producer in the milk—that makes milk were being taxed 30% of their Organisation as on Mar'18 healthy and nutritious. In India, profits. An initiative in this in India most ‘desi’ cows and buffalo direction has also been taken up breeds contain A2 allele gene. No of FPOs 4004 in the form of Rs2,115 crore State No of FPOs 2044 of Maharashtra Agribusiness and Internationally, Brazil has registered Rural Transformation (SMART) become the biggest exporters Project, which seeks to develop of Indian breeds of cows. Milk No of FPOs 1465 agriculture value chains focusing yield from Gir breed (Indian) in registered (under on new farmers and creation of Brazil has now crossed 70 litres companies act) new markets. per day. The growing demand Coverage 2500 for the A2 milk across the globe (no. of Village) 3. Income Support Scheme means an opportunity for India Members 6,00,000 According to SBI, a selective to give more thrust to research income support scheme for in A2 gene breed and export A2 State covered 29 the farmers like Rythu Bandhu milk across world. Source: SBI Research, Scheme in Telengana has to be implemented in the interregnum. "We suggest, to boost the FPOs act as sub-agents for It says, "Our analysis reveals that demand for A2 milk, it can also government agencies in an income support scheme like be provided in mid-day meals for procuring agri commodities of the one rolled out in Telangana children at pan India level. This their members under various may be rolled out MEDCin Digest states - Cover_FOOD PROCESSING like INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM will provide additional income government schemes. Such Bihar, Assam, Chhattisgarh, of Rs7,000 per annum for companies buy inputs in bulk Haryana, Punjab, and 15.83 million farmers and make and make them available to Uttarakhand where the cost is livestock rearing an attractive members. They also pool, not prohibitive." proposition, particularly small procure or purchase the output and marginal farmers," the from members and undertake The Rythu Bandhu Scheme is report says. organised marketing on their the first of its kind, wherein behalf. They may link up with the cash is paid directly to the 2. Better Marketing bankers to channelise credit to farmer with no leakages. It is the members. providing Rs4,000 per acre per According to SBI, better season to 5.83 million farmers marketing for the produce They may undertake the task to support the farm investment. and efficient supply chain of organising technology Telangana government has made management can minimise dissemination or extension an allocation of Rs12,000 crore the stress in this sector. To aid to members. They can be an for this scheme in its 2018-19 the farmers, the government NGO, a private company or a budget. has started promoting farmer government agency, the report producer organisations or FPOs says. "As per our estimates, this that work as a hybrid between scheme, if implemented at pan a cooperative and a private A 100% tax deduction for farmer India level, the total financial limited company. These must be producer companies (FPCs) burden could be around Rs2.7 promoted in a big way as is being for the next five years has been lakh crore for all states based on done in Maharashtra. announced in the Union Budget net sown area," SBI says.

MEDC Economic Digest November 2019 37 Cover Story

4. Tenancy Certificate SBI believes some tweaking of empanelled general insurance companies. There was a suggestion of the Prime Minister Fasal Bima providing a tenancy certificate Yojana (PMFBY) is imperative in areas like coverage of crops, About 21 states implemented the to tenant farmers as promised in scheme in kharif 2016 whereas 23 the budget. However, SBI says timely notification and timely payments. states and two Union Territories it is not sure what has happened (UTs) have implemented the to this suggestion which should scheme in rabi 2016-17. Around have been addressed on a war The PMFBY provides a 3.7 crore farmers have been footing. Agricultural tenancy was comprehensive insurance cover insured in the Kharif 2016 for regulated to protect the tenant. against failure of the crop, thus 3.7 crore ha of land at premium But, the extremely cumbersome helping in stabilising the income of Rs16,212 crore for a sum formal process at present, of the farmers. The scheme insured of Rs1,28,568.94 crore has created a high reliance on covers all food and oilseeds as per figures available on 31 informal tenancy arrangements. crops and annual commercial March 2017. This, in turn, require landlords or horticultural crops for which to constantly monitor tenancy past yield data is available and (*Courtesy: This article was contracts and may leave tenants for which requisite number of originally published on the vulnerable to eviction. crop cutting experiments (cces) website https://www.moneylife. are conducted under general in/article/5-ways-to-ease- 5. Tweaking PM Fasal Bima crop estimation survey (GCES). distress-of-farmers-sbi/55889. Yojana The scheme is implemented by html)

MEDC Digest - Cover_FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM Economic Feed Ø An MoU was signed between India and Saudi Arabia to roll out a RuPay card in the Kingdom, making Saudi Arabia only the third country in the region (after the UAE and Bahrain) to introduce India’s digital payment system. A Strategic Partnership Council was also established to coordinate on important issues. Ø The average life expectancy of Indians has risen to 68.7 years in the period from 2012-16, according to the data of the National Health Profile 2019. The figures for women and men are 70.2 and 67.4 years, respectively. Ø India has continued its upward march in the ease of doing business rankings, moving up to the 63rd place (among 190 countries) in the latest edition. This puts India amongst the twenty most improved countries in this prestigious global business ranking.

38 November 2019 MEDC Economic Digest Facts AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES

griculture & allied activities states in the country, agriculture enhance the farmers’ income. sector contributes to overall & allied activities sector is still Changing lifestyles and inclination growthA by generating requisite predominant in the State with its towards consumption of organic inputs. Of the 17 Sustainable economy to be primarily agrarian produce than processed foods, Development Goals (SDGs) viz. with about 53 per cent of provides significant growth No Poverty, Zero Hunger, Decent population relying for livelihood potential in this sector which Work and Economic Growth, on this sector. Dependency on needs to be harnessed. Responsible Consumption and weather conditions, increasing Production, Climate Action, number of marginal & small Agro-climatic profile Life below Water, Life on Land farmers and reduction in the Maharashtra experiences tropical are directly linked with this area of operational holdings, climate with three sector. Being largest provider high expenses leading to distinct seasons of hot, rainy and of livelihood, promotion non-profitability and market cold weather. Based on rainfall, of sustainable agriculture uncertainty continues to be the soil type and the vegetation, is inevitable. Efficient and prime concerns of the sector in the State has been divided into effective use of water resources, the State. nine agro-climatic MEDCzones. Digest - Cover_FOOD Large PROCESSING INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM enhancement of agro-processing variations in the quantity of capabilities, better livelihood Various strategic initiatives have been taken up by the Central rainfall can be observed within for the rural population, different parts of the State. empowerment of the small and the State Governments to farmers, reduction in the wastage of agricultural produce, better value-chain market mechanism, steps towards reduction in desertification, degradation of land and protection & improvement of bio-diversity are the necessities for ensuring the .

The share of this sector in the total Gross State Value Added (GSVA) is declining over the period resulting in cascading impact on other sectors like agro- processing industries, trade, hotel & restaurants. Although the State is one of the most industrialised

MEDC Economic Digest November 2019 39 Facts

Monsoon rains arrived on 8th cent, 28.2 per cent and 19.0 per talukas (51.5 per cent) received June, 2018 in south , cent rainfall respectively as against deficient rainfall, 138 talukas south-central Maharashtra and the normal. The total rainfall in received normal rainfall and 25 some parts of and the State during 2018 was 73.6 talukas received excess rainfall. Vidharbha region. During June, per cent of the normal. Out of The monthwise classification July, August, September and 355 talukas excluding Mumbai of talukas according to rainfall October, the state received 106.5 city and Mumbai suburban received is given in Table 1. The per cent, 85.1 per cent, 76.3 per districts in the State, 9 talukas regionwise actual rainfall received received scanty rainfall, 183 is given in Table 2. Table 1 : Monthwise classification of talukas according to rainfall received Rainfall class No. of talukas# (percentage June July August September October to normal) 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 120 & above 117 133 33 50 93 54 88 9 184 1 100 – 120 61 61 22 55 30 43 41 19 38 1 80 – 100 54 67 58 76 67 87 38 31 51 4 60 – 80 66 65 79 71 64 100 73 46 46 11 40 – 60 42 25 87 59 70 48 65 81 20 29 20 – 40 14 4 62 42 30 22 46 102 13 42 0 – 20 1 0 14 2 1 1 4 67 3 267 Source : Commissionerate of Agriculture, GoM # Excluding talukas in Mumbai City & Mumbai Suburban districts.

MEDC Digest - Cover_FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM Table 2 : Regionwise actual rainfall received (mm) Region Rainfall during Maharashtra Konkan Aurangabad Amravati Nagpur June Normal 660.2 127.7 166.0 145.8 154.1 187.5 223.3 2017 788.3 138.4 167.9 171.5 138.1 118.5 219.1 (98.1) 2018 903.4 119.4 146.2 170.8 169.3 189.8 237.9(106.5) July Normal 1,164.7 235.5 330.6 201.2 261.0 412.3 402.6 2017 1,096.1 219.6 266.7 73.8 147.1 274.4 288.9 (71.8) 2018 1,264.2 156.7 311.8 109.1 227.5 387.8 342.6 (85.1) August Normal 757.1 189.0 216.7 197.3 210.0 352.4 303.3 2017 769.8 163.8 136.7 212.1 124.7 227.2 235.2 (77.5) 2018 567.2 145.5 187.0 184.9 186.1 268.3 231.4 (76.3) September Normal 379.0 158.6 158.2 176.9 166.7 209.5 202.1 2017 511.6 123.2 205.4 131.4 102.3 125.7 180.4 (89.3) 2018 117.5 32.6 54.8 23.7 49.9 102.2 57.0 (28.2) October Normal 115.4 50.8 91.6 58.6 46.1 53.5 67.4 2017 151.8 88.8 114.9 80.8 50.1 45.6 86.5 (128.3) 2018 45.1 3.5 30.5 6.0 0.0 0.0 12.8 (19.0) June to Normal 3,076.4 761.6 963.1 779.8 837.9 1,215.2 1,198.7 October 2017 3,317.6 733.8 891.6 669.6 562.3 791.4 1,010.1(84.3) 2018 2,897.4 457.7 730.3 494.5 632.8 948.1 881.7 (73.6) Note: Figures in bracket indicates percentage of actual rainfall to normal rainfall Source : Commissionerate of Agriculture, GoM

40 November 2019 MEDC Economic Digest Facts

Around 70 per cent of the State’s of rainfall compared to average Agriculture Census (1970-71). geographical area lies in semi- normal rainfall and less than 750 Over this period, the average size arid region. Drought in the State mm of total rainfall have been of holding decreased from 4.28 is prominently observed from declared drought affected. ha to 1.34 ha. The operational 2011-12 onwards (except 2013 holdings and area of operational monsoon) for which assistance Operational holdings holdings in the State as per the MEDC Digest - Cover_FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM has been received from the As per the tenth Agriculture Agriculture Census 2015-16 is Central as well as the State Census (2015-16), number of given in Table 3. The average size Disaster Response Fund. In all operational holdings and area of holding for SC and ST was 151 talukas have been declared of operational holdings was 1.24 ha and 1.76 ha respectively. drought affected in 2018. Apart 1.53 crore and 2.05 crore ha as The share of female operational from these, 268 revenue circles against 0.50 crore and 2.12 crore holders was 14.07 per cent receiving less than 75 per cent ha respectively as per the first with 1.22 ha of average size of holding.

MEDC Economic Digest November 2019 41 News in MEDC

Webinar MEDC conducted its first ever webinar on October 16, 2019 under the leadership and guidance of President Mr. Ravindra Boratkar. It was conducted in the VIT School of Management, Mumbai for its management students. The speech was given by eminent business tycoon Mr. Shriram S. Dandekar, Vice Chairman, Kokuyo Camlin.

MEDC Digest - Cover_FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM

Round Table Conference on ‘Skilling for Women’ Promoting Social Entrepreneurship for Women in Rural India The Round table conference on ‘Skilling for Women’ which focused on promoting Social Entrepreneurship for Women in Rural India was conducted on the 19th October 2019 by VESIM Business School, Mumbai. We are proud to announce that our very own Ms. Ananya Prem Nath, Senior Manager (Research and Training) has won an award in grateful appreciation for her contribution as a speaker at the roundtable meet. The event was graced by experts and renowned practitioners in the field of social entrepreneurship and development.

42 October 2019 MEDC Economic Digest MEDC Digest - Cover_FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY Inner Pages.indd 1 27-Apr-19 12:13:30 PM

MEDC Economic Digest November 2019 43 Publishing Date on 5th of Every Month RNI No. MAHMUL/2018/76179 Posted at Mumbai Patrika Channel Sorting Office Postal Regd. No. MCS/222/2019-2021 License to post without prepayment th Mumbai – 400 001 on dated 5 of Every Month WPP License No.: MR/TECH/WPP-356/SOUTH/2019

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