Quest Journals Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science Volume 9 ~ Issue 7 (2021)pp: 54-63 ISSN(Online):2321-9467 www.questjournals.org Research Paper Patterns of Population Migration in Pune District of Maharashtra 1 Asst. Prof. Pravin L. Shinde Department of Geography, Fergusson College (Autonomous), Pune.411004 Prof. Suresh B. Zodage Department of Geography, Chh. Shivaji College (Autonomous), Satara. 415001 Corresponding Author: Asst. Prof. Pravin L. Shinde ABSTRACT: Migration is an important factor of population change in any area besides fertility and mortality. It is different from fertility & mortality in nature as it is not a biological phenomenon, rather than it is governed by social, cultural, economic and political factors. Actually, migration is purely voluntary (sometimes forced) action of an individual for his livelihood or betterment of life. Migration does not mean a short trip for pleasure or business neither it is merely a change in residence of a person or family. It is such an event when people move from one geographical area to another permanently or for considerable time. Pune district is the most happening place from that perspective. Pune district is the second most economically developed district in Maharashtra after Mumbai. It has second highest population out of which 61% living in urban areas (2011), so it has become a hotspot for migrants not only from Maharashtra but also all over the India. So, the researchers want to study the various types and patterns of in (Immigration) and out (Emigration) migration patterns in Pune district regarding organized and unorganized labors, workers, students, etc. and the factors affecting upon it. KEYWORDS: Emigration, Immigration, Push factors, pull factors, Migrants Received 07 July, 2021; Revised: 19 July, 2021; Accepted 21 July, 2021 © The author(s) 2021. Published with open access at www.questjournals.org I. INTRODUCTION Migration is an important strategy of human beings to cope up with the surrounding disparities in terms of economic, social, physical or political hardship. Humans are migrating in different parts of the world since their evolution on earth for better and secure life. Migration is not merely shift of people from one place to another, as it is most fundamental to the understanding of continuously changing space content and space relationship of an area (Gosal G. S. 1961). The term ‘Mobility’ is also used to define migration, but it includes both ‘Circulation’ and ‘Migration’. Circulation has been defined as short term, repetitive and cyclical movement of people with no intension of permanent change of residence, Migration implies permanent change of residence. (Horney, William & Jones, Melvyn. 1980). Migration is an aspect of population change which affects both the source and destination region in different manner; it facilitates the redistribution of population in any region. According to Smith T. L. (1955), migration affects threefold areas immigration, emigration and migrants also. Migration changes social, economic, demographical and political condition of any region. Population of any region can change because of four factors: birth rate, death rate, life expectancy and migration, population either increases or decreases because of it. Out of these first three are biological factors of population change but migration is a factor stimulated by man and his social, economic or political needs and aspirations. Though humans are migrating in different part of the world since their evolution in Africa continent around one lakh years ago, the rate is increased in modern period with the development in science, technology, modern and fast modes of transportation. In ancient time, there was very limited amount of migration took place mainly for trade and to conquer the territory of other states. That was also the same case for mediaeval period; people are reluctant to move from their homeland. During colonial period, renaissance movement in Europe gave birth to very high level of international migration in the world. People from Europe in large number migrated to unknown world of Anglo and Latin America, Africa, Asia and Oceania. This changes the face of demography of the world in many ways, racially, culturally, economically and politically. Migration of person can be temporary or permanent in nature, but movement of person for very short time (daily commuting) is not considered *Corresponding Author: Asst. Prof. Pravin L. Shinde 54 | Page Patterns of Population Migration in Pune District of Maharashtra migration (Porthero, R. M. 1979). While Lee E. S. (1966) considers migration as a permanent or semi- permanent change of residence with no restriction on the distance, creates some confusion. On other hand Bouge D. I. (1959) limited migration to only those, who change residence permanently. Ghosh B.N. (1985), discussed variety of international migration in modern period based on brain migration as brain drain, brain overflow, brain exchange and brain export. Based on place of birth, an individual living elsewhere besides its own birthplace is considered as migrant. The migration movements in the world generally are of three types: I) Migration within the state itself with its components, a) Migration within the district (Intra-district), b) Migration from one district of state to another (Inter-district), II) Migration from one state to another state of country (Inter-state), III) Migration from one country to another (Inter-national). Migration is a process triggered by Pull or Push factors in any area. The adverse factors in any area like unemployment, poverty, prolonged drought, lack of health facilities and lack of education facilities etc. compels the people to move out of their areas are called as Push Factors. While employment, education, health, social security, standard life etc. in any area attracts people are called as Pull Factors. Areas from where people move out are called as Emigration Area, while areas where people go are known as Immigration Area. The people who move from one area to another are called as Migrant and whole process is known as Migration. The term emigrant & immigrant used in inter-national migration, while in internal migration same people are called as out-migrants and in-migrants. The other reasons for migrations are social discrimination, religious persecution, natural disasters, marriages (Ladies), family movement and other reasons. Diagram 1: Process of Migration II. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY Migration is an important aspect of the study of Population Geography. This study is carried out in Pune district of Maharashtra with following objectives: a. To study the economic background of Maharashtra state &Pune district b. To study the emigration patterns of population migration in Pune district c. To study the immigration patterns of population migration in Pune district III. METHODOLOGY This study is totally based on the secondary data collected from different sources. The main source is government census of Pune district of Maharashtra from 1991 to 2011. Along with data is collected with different government and nongovernment organizations in Pune district of Maharashtra. The data is collected, processed and tabulated for study purpose. The data is also presented with different techniques like maps and diagrams. The interpretation of data is done with geographical point of view. IV. ECONOMIC BACKGROUND OF MAHARASHTRA AND PUNE Maharashtra state was formed on 1st May 1960. It lies in the western part of India with 3,07,713 sq. km. area ranking third in the country. It has second highest population in the country with 11,23,74,333 persons having population density of 370/km2. It shares its boundaries with Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Telangana, Karnataka and Goa state. It attracts the highest number of migrants in India. Murty, K. S. and Murty, K. R. (1980) studied the trends of internal migration in Maharashtra with help of migration data of 1971 census published by government of India, where he found that people are more interested in short distance migration. Inter-district migration had a big volume than inter-state migration in India. Maharashtra is the most economically advanced state in India. According to total GSDP, it contributes 24.11 lakh croreRs. (2017-18) in India. The per capita income of the state was Rs.1,76,102. The capital of Maharashtra, Mumbai is known as ‘Financial Capital of India’. Migrants from all over India are getting attracted towards the state. The total FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) came to India during 2000 to 2019 was 436 billion US $, out of which 30% i. e. 128 million US $ was invested in Maharashtra. State gives 15% industrial production in India. The size of the economy of Maharashtra state is 484 billion USD comparing to India (2.72 trillion USD). Maharashtra state has 289 industrial complexes under MIDC (2019). There are 9,86,696 *Corresponding Author: Asst. Prof. Pravin L. Shinde 55 | Page Patterns of Population Migration in Pune District of Maharashtra operational industrial units in the state including all small, medium and large-scale units which are given unique industrial AADHAR number. They provide employment to more than 57.51 lakh workers with the investment of Rs. 1,60,016crores in the state. Division No. of Units Investment (Crore Rs.) Employment (Lakh) Mumbai 1,89,684 24,904 13.07 Konkan (Ex. Mumbai) 2,03,889 33,575 12.62 Nasik 83,692 17,951 4.82 Pune 2,14,315 47,814 14.99 Aurangabad 1,05,626, 17,455 5.68 Amravati 41,018 5,176 1.70 Nagpur 1,48,472 13,141 4.63 Total 9,86,696 1,60,016 57.51 Source: Directorate of Industries, GoM Table1:Industrial Units In Maharashtra: 2018-19 Due to economic disparities within the state the volume of inter-district migration is also very high. Industrially developed belts like Mumbai-Thane, Pune-Ahmednagar, Aurangabad-Jalna, Sangali-Kolhapur and Nagpur are attracting migrants within and outside the state. The total population of Maharashtra in 2001 was 9,68,78,627 which rose to 11,23,74,333 in 2011 census.