Indigenous Peoples Plan PHI: Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

Indigenous Peoples Plan

Project number: 41220-013 April 2020

PHI: Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

Subproject: Rehabilitation of Ga-ang Footpath in Tanudan, Kalinga

Prepared by the Municipality of Tanudan, Province of Kalinga for the Asian Development Bank CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 16 March 2020) Currency unit – peso (PhP) PhP1.00 = $0.01941 $1.00 = PhP 51.5175

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB − Asian Development Bank ADSDPP − Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan BDC − Barangay Development Council BPMET − Barangay Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation Team CADT − Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title CAR − Cordillera Administrative Region CENRO − Community Environment and Natural Resources Office CoE − council of elders CP − certificate precondition DA − Department of Agriculture DENR − Department of Environment and Natural Resources GRC − grievance redress council GRM − grievance redress mechanism FPIC − free and prior informed consent INREMP − Integrated Natural Resources and Environment Management Project ICC − indigenous cultural communities IP − indigenous people IPP − indigenous peoples plan IPRA − indigenous peoples rights act LGU − Local Government Unit MDC − Municipal Development Council ME − municipal engineer MPDO − Municipal Planning and Development Office NCIP − National Commission on Indigenous Peoples O&M − operation and maintenance PENRO − Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office PPCO − Provincial Planning and Coordinating Officer PSO − Project Support Office ROW − right of way SPMU − Subproject Management Unit SPS − Safeguard Policy Statement

i This Indigenous Peoples Plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

ii TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 II. INREMP AND SUBPROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 2 III. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...... 5 A. Relevant Legal and Institutional Framework Applicable to the Indigenous Peoples ...... 5 1. Philippine Constitution of 1987 ...... 5 2. Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997 (RA 8371)...... 6 3. NCIP Administrative Order No. 3, Series of 2012 ...... 6 4. DENR-NCIP Memorandum of Agreement and Implementing Guidelines ...... 6 5. Basic Principles of ADB Safeguard Policy, 2009 ...... 7 B. Brief Description about the Indigenous Peoples in the Subproject Site ...... 8 1. Population ...... 8 2. Population Density ...... 9 3. Ethnicity and Cultural Practices ...... 9 4. Education ...... 10 5. Means of Livelihood and Income ...... 10 6. Poverty ...... 11 7. Living Conditions ...... 11 C. Key Subproject Stakeholders ...... 11 D. Gender Sensitive Assessment of IP Perceptions ...... 12 E. Anticipated Positive and Negative Impacts of the Project and Corresponding Enhancing and Mitigating Measures ...... 12 IV. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE. CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ...... 13 A. Consultation and Participation Conducted during the IPP Preparation ...... 13 B. Information Disclosure ...... 14 V. BENEFICIAL AND MITIGATIVE MEASURES ...... 14 VI. CAPACITY BUILDING ...... 16 VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 16 VIII. MONITORING, REPORTING AND EVALUATION ...... 17 a. Internal Monitoring ...... 17 b. External Monitoring ...... 18 c. Reporting...... 18 IX. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT ...... 18 X. BUDGET AND FINANCING ...... 21

iii LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Location of the proposed Footpath Subproject in Tanudan, Kalinga ...... 4

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Number of Participants in the Community Consultations during the IPP Preparation ... 13 Table 2: Summary of Stakeholder Views of the Ga-ang Footpath Rehabilitation ...... 13 Table 3. Summary Matrix of Impacts and Enhancement/ Mitigation Measures ...... 15 Table 4: Implementation Schedule for the IPP ...... 20 Table 5: Proposed Budget for the Implementation of Identified Interventions ...... 21

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1. NCIP Certification ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Appendix 2. NCIP Certification Precondition ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Appendix 3. Minutes, Attendance and Photo-documentation of Public Consultation held on April 27, 2018 ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Appendix 4. Minutes, Attendance and Photo-documentation of Barangay Orientation conducted on October 18, 2018 ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Appendix 5. Internal Monitoring Indicators ...... 23 Appendix 6. External Monitoring Indicators ...... 24 Appendix 7. Executive Order Organizing the Subproject Management UnitError! Bookmark not defined.

GLOSSARY

Affected – Means any person or persons, household, firm, private or public institution person (AP) that, on account of changes resulting from the Project, will have its (i) standard of living adversely affected; (ii) right, title or interest in any house, land (including residential, commercial, agricultural, forest, salt mining and/or grazing land), water resources or any other moveable or fixed assets acquired, possessed, restricted or otherwise adversely affected, in full or in part, permanently or temporarily; and/or (iii) business, occupation, place of work or residence or habitat adversely affected, with or without displacement. In the case of a household, the term AP includes all members residing under one roof and operating as a single economic unit, who are adversely affected by the project or any of its outputs.

Ancestral – Refers to all areas generally belonging to Indigenous Cultural Community/ Domain Indigenous Peoples (ICCs/IPs) comprising lands, inland waters, coastal areas, and natural resources therein, held under a claim of ownership, occupied or possessed by ICCs/IPs, themselves or through their ancestors, communally or individually since time immemorial, continuously to the present except when interrupted by war, force majeure or displacement by force, deceit, stealth or as a consequence of government projects or any other voluntary dealings entered into by government and private individuals, corporations, and which are necessary to ensure their economic, social, and cultural welfare. It includes land, forests, pasture, residential, agricultural, and other lands individually owned whether in alienable and disposable or otherwise, hunting grounds, burial grounds, worship areas, bodies of water, mineral and other natural resources, and lands which may no longer be exclusively occupied by ICCs/IPs but from which they traditionally had access to for their subsistence and traditional activities, particularly the home ranges of ICCs/IPs who are still nomadic and/or who practice shifting cultivation. (Adopted from R.A. 8371 (Indigenous Peoples Rights’ Act - IPRA))

Ancestral – The ADSDPP is a long-term community-based, comprehensive plan that Domain contains the ICCs/IPs’ collective vision, mission, general objectives, long- Sustainable term goals, and priority concerns. The ADSDPP contains a list of Development development plans and projects that is used as reference in determining the and fit between a proposed infrastructure project and the long-term development Protection goals and priority concerns of the affected ICC/IP. Often interchanged with Plan the Indigenous Peoples Plan (IPP), but where ADSDPP is all (ADSDPP) encompassing, planning for IPP is limited to the ADB investment/project/ subproject.

Ancestral – Refers to land occupied, possessed and utilized by individuals, families and Lands clans who are members of the ICCs/IPs since time immemorial, by themselves or through their predecessors-in-interest, under claims of individual or traditional group ownership, continuously, to the present except when interrupted by war, force majeure or displacement by force, deceit, stealth, or as a consequence of government projects and other voluntary

dealings entered into by government and private individuals/corporations, including, but not limited to, residential lots, rice terraces or paddies, private forests, farms and tree lots. (Adopted from R.A. 8371)

Certification – It is a document issued by the NCIP attesting that the applicant or project Precondition proponent has complied with the requirements for securing the consent of affected ICCs/IPs in accordance to the Free, Prior and Informed Consent Guidelines of 2006. Customary – It refers to a body of written and/or unwritten rules, usages, customs and Law practices traditionally and continually recognized, accepted, and observed by the IPs.

Free and Prior – The consensus of all members of the affected IP group is to be determined Informed in accordance with their respective customary laws and practices, free from Consent any external manipulation, interference and coercion, and obtained after fully disclosing the intent and scope of the activity, in a language and process understandable and appropriate to the community. Broad community support may exist even if some individuals or groups object to the project.

Indigenous – Refers to a group of people or homogenous societies identified by self- Peoples ascription and ascription by other, who have continuously lived as organized community on communally bounded and defined territory, and who have, under claims of ownership since time immemorial, occupied, possessed customs, tradition and other distinctive cultural traits, or who have, through resistance to political, social and cultural inroads of colonization, non- indigenous religions and culture, became historically differentiated from the majority of Filipinos. ICCs/IPs shall likewise include peoples who are regarded as indigenous on account of their descent from the populations which inhabited the country, at the time of conquest or colonization, or at the time of inroads of non-indigenous religions or cultures, or the establishment of present state boundaries, who retain some or all of their own social, economic, cultural and political institutions, but who may have been displaced from their traditional domains or who may have resettled outside their ancestral domains. (Adopted from R.A. 8371)

Meaningful – A process that (i) begins early in the project preparation stage and is carried consultation. out on an ongoing basis throughout the project cycle; (ii) provides timely disclosure of relevant and adequate information that is understandable and readily accessible to affected people; (iii) is undertaken in an atmosphere free of intimidation or coercion; (iv) is gender inclusive and responsive, and tailored to the needs of disadvantaged and vulnerable groups; and (v) enables the incorporation of all relevant views of affected people and other stakeholders into decision making, such as project design, mitigation measures, the sharing of development benefits and opportunities, and implementation issues.

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. This Indigenous Peoples Plan (IPP) intends to address the indigenous peoples’ (IPs) concerns/issues on the proposed Rehabilitation of Ga-ang Footpath connecting Barangay Ga-ang and Sitio Pugo at Lower Lubo in the Municipality of Tanudan, Kalinga. As one of the projects of the Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project (INREMP), the subproject will rehabilitate a footpath with 2.5 kilometers in length, pavement width of 0.80 meters and thickness of 0.10 meters. The subproject will be implemented by the Local Government Unit (LGU) of Tanudan with a total project cost of PhP 7,600,000.00 for 124 calendar days.

2. The LGU of Tanudan has requested a variation order which includes an additional slope protection, painting works, and structural excavation to suit in the actual field condition of the subproject. This will create a more stability and safety alongside of the subproject. The subproject variation order is 8.72% % increase amounting to PhP 662,382.78. Additional days considering works within the critical path will be 32 calendar days with a revised contract duration of 156 calendar days. The variation of works has no involuntary resettlement impacts since it is also following its original alignment.

3. The proposed subproject is within the Bugis ancestral domain. About 97% or 99 households of the total 103 households in Barangay Ga-ang belong to the Iga-ang ethnic group, a sub-tribe of the Kalinga.

4. Two (2) community consultations were conducted by the LGU of Tanudan, National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) and Department of Agriculture (DA)-INREMP on 29 April 2018 and 18 October 2018. These consultations served as a venue for the discussion of the project background, the project scope of work, importance of the community consent, ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, social and environmental safeguards, the role of the community in the implementation of the project, and the compliance to free prior and informed consent.

5. The subproject is classified as Category B for IPs based on the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009, given that the subproject has limited negative and positive impacts on the Iga-ang Tribe that will be affected.

6. The subproject will uplift the economic condition of the community through the provision of an all-year-round safe access walkways or footpath. During the consultations, the IP community mentioned that the rehabilitation of the Ga-ang Footpath will help improve the lives of the community through easy and safer access to the barangays, especially for the students traversing across barangays. The community also mentioned that the rehabilitation will decrease the time of harvest delivery, thus may increase their production’s profit. Moreover, they identified that the rehabilitation will also lessen the occurrence of soil erosion by stabilizing the existing footpath.

7. There are no significant adverse impacts of the subproject identified during the consultation. However, the IP community raised concerns such as: a) what will be the role of the barangay in the monitoring phase; b) will the Barangay Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation Team (BPMET) be provided monitoring kits and supplies; and c) the possibility of transferring the subproject site to a different area in the barangay. As response to these concerns: a) the roles and functions of the BPMET was discussed; b) clarified that during the capacity building/training for the BPMET, monitoring kits and supplies will be provided; and c) cleared that the transfer of the subproject may cause delay in the pre-implementation phase because it

was not the approved project site. It was also explained to the IP community that the proposed subproject is a rehabilitation of an existing footpath in the barangay.

8. In both consultations, the IP community expressed support the subproject implementation and looked forward to its completion.

9. Through Executive Order No. 014, Series 2018, the implementation of the IPP will be externally monitored by the LGU of Tanudan’s Subproject Management Unit (SPMU) and by an external monitoring agency (EMA). A semi-annual internal monitoring report will be submitted by the SPMU to DA-INREMP and DENR-NPCO. EMA will submit an external SMR to the DA- INREMP and DENR-NPCO. DENR-NPCO, in turn, will submit these SMRs to ADB for review and disclosure.

10. The estimated budget for the implementation of the IPP is PhP 197,450.00 and will be covered by the DA-INREMP.

II. INREMP AND SUBPROJECT DESCRIPTION

11. The INREMP, implemented by DENR with funding from Asian Development Bank (ADB), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), and Climate Change Fund (CCF), addresses the unsustainable watershed management in four (4) priority river basins: (i) the Chico Upper River Basin in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Northern Luzon; (ii) the Wahig–Inabanga River Basin on the island of Bohol in Region 7; (iii) the Lake Lanao River Basin in the province of Lanao del Sur in the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao; and (iv) the Bukidnon Upper River Basin in Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental provinces in Northern Mindanao (Region 10).

12. The INREMP has four (4) outputs namely: (i) River basin and watershed management and investment plans established; (ii) Smallholder and institutional investments in conservation increased and URB productivity enhanced in the forestry, agriculture and rural sectors; (iii) River basin and watershed management capacity and related governance mechanisms strengthened; and (iv) Project management and support services delivered.

13. The proposed project is the rehabilitation of Ga-ang Footpath located at Barangay Ga- ang of Tanudan, Kalinga. The proposed footpath has a total length of 2.5 kilometers with a design width of 0.8 meter and 0.10-meter thickness. There is an existing flood control from station 0+000 to station 0+339 thereby starting the rehabilitation at station 0+340 at Lower Lubo. The proposed footpath will traverse Ga-ang proper at station 1+720 and will end at station 2+840 access to Barangay Dacala (Figure 1).

14. The LGU of Tanudan has requested a variation order to include an additional slope protection, painting works, and structural excavation. The structural excavation will be needed at station 0+340 to suit in the actual field condition of the subproject. The provision for the concrete works at station 0+340-2+500, and stone masonry at stations 0+340-0+400, 0+400-0+460 and 0+760-0+800 will create a more stability and safety alongside of the footpath subproject. Painting works for railings at various stations are also considered as a new item.

15. The subproject variation order is an 8.72% % increase contract amounting to PhP 662,382.78. Additional days considering works within the critical path will be 32 calendar days

2 with a revised contract duration of 156 calendar days. The variation of works has no involuntary resettlement impacts since it is also following its original alignment.

16. The influence area of the proposed footpath covers about 98 hectares of production area for rice, and potential area for vegetables and livestock raising which can be a real source of income to the farmers if maximized. Because of poor accessibility, agricultural activity is limited. Needless to say, said footpath play important role in the quality of the harvest and the livelihood of the community.

17. Barangay Ga-ang is covered by a Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) duly recognized by the National Commission on Indigenous People (NCIP). A certification is released on July 4, 2018 by the NCIP Kalinga Provincial Office certifying that the subproject is located within the Ancestral Domain of Ga-ang Sub-Tribe of Kaling as per verification on the records of the Bugis Ancestral Domain file of the NCIP (Appendix 1)

18. The proposed rural infrastructure subproject was jointly identified and validated by the LGU of Tanudan, Department of Agriculture (DA), Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and the Center for Environmental Studies and Management (CESM). The local government unit (LGU) also created the Subproject Management Unit (SPMU) as required by INREMP to handle and perform all of the activities under the implementation of the proposal. It will be composed of several LGU division heads especially the Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator (MPDC) and the Municipal Engineer (ME).

19. Being a priority, the Rehabilitation of Ga-ang Footpath is included in the barangay’s development plan. Likewise, said subproject is included in the municipality’s Local Development Investment Program. Also, the Sangguniang Bayan created a resolution establishing support to the implementation of rural infrastructure subproject.

20. The Operation and Maintenance (O&M) will be implemented by the Municipal Engineer’s Office based on the (O&M) plan and budget. The O&M of the completed facility will be directly supervised by the ME with the active involvement of the community thru the organized Barangay O&M team. A team will be organized in the barangay for the operation and maintenance of the road. The Punong Barangay shall head the team. The members of the team will be the concerned purok leaders and the direct beneficiaries.

21. The current condition of Ga-ang pathway towards the main road is very poor to poor and dusty during the dry season, and muddy and very slippery during the rainy season. This simply describes the condition of the proposed Ga-ang Footpath. Be that as it may, the community does not have a choice but to still use the said walkways because this is the only access used by the populace particularly the students. To maintain the usability of this walkway, the community does regular cleaning of weeds and filling up of uneven portions with soil and gravel to avoid accidents.

22. Farmers had long experienced the added burden this poor access walkway caused them. Hindered by the poor condition, delivery of farm inputs is expensive because of hauling costs. Pupils and students complain of dust and mud on their way to schools. Senior citizens, pregnant mothers and children have to exercise caution when passing through these walkways especially during rainy days.

Figure 1. Location of the proposed Footpath Subproject in Tanudan, Kalinga

23. During barangay assembly, concreting the said walkway remains a priority in the list considering the benefits it will deliver to the populace. Because of limited funds though, concreting of this access is never realized. Barangay Resolution No. 19 Series of 2018 was issued endorsing the subproject. Rehabilitation of the footpath will result into farmers with lessened burden in the hauling and transporting of products to market outlet. Production areas will be maximized of its use if the main walkway is improved. Certainly, twenty-four-seven availability of the walkways is expected after the completion of its construction.

24. The general objective of the proposed Rehabilitation of Ga-ang Footpath is to uplift the economic condition of the community through the provision of all-year-round safe access walkways or footpath. The footpath rehabilitation will help improve the economic condition of affected farmers at the same time targets to maximize the uses of the rest of production area in addition to the benefits it will provide to students, senior citizens, women and children, and to the community as a whole.

25. Specifically, the completion of the subproject is expected to: • Reduce operating cost and maintenance cost after subproject implementation; • Decrease farm input expenses, particularly hauling works, by 50% after subproject implementation; • Hasten delivery of agricultural products to market outlets by 50%; and • Maximize agricultural potential of the production area after rehabilitation of pathway.

26. Aiming to maximize the agricultural potential of the area, the community claims for the immediate rehabilitation of the footpath. This is the only economic potential which is foreseen to help end their poverty and advance for a better or best quality of life. Rehabilitation of the footpath will address the concerns discussed above considering that this footpath is the main access to and from their farm lots and their residences. Also, the proposed subproject will not

4 adversely affect the indigenous people living in the area and will not have any negative impact on the environment.

27. The main beneficiaries of the subproject are the indigenous peoples, farmers, students, women, senior citizens and children of Barangay Ga-ang. Majority of the beneficiaries of the subproject in Barangay Ga-ang are IPs belonging to the Iga-ang ethnic tribe, a sub-tribe of Kalinga. Having a population of 575 with 284 males and 291 females, the whole community are expected to benefit after its implementation. Visitors will also benefit from the subproject after its rehabilitation. Ease in passing and delivery of basic services is expected to be achieved.

III. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

28. In accordance to the Philippine law and ADB policy on indigenous people’s safeguards, all proposed projects must undergo the procedures required in social impact assessment. This is to ensure that indigenous peoples will benefit from a project, and that adverse impacts from the project will be prevented, or where this is not possible, can be mitigated. Looking at the Philippine history, the indigenous communities including the original settlers in the country were deprived of their rights and displaced since the pre-colonization. Many forms of injustices such discrimination, marginalization and oppression to the IPs continued even after the colonial rule. The injustices to the IPs pushed them to resist against the projects intended to benefit them. With that, the rights of the IPs were recognized through the passage of the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA) law.

A. Relevant Legal and Institutional Framework Applicable to the Indigenous Peoples

29. The ADB, Philippine Government and proponents shall recognize the vital role of IPs as autonomous partners in development and shall fully support the development and empowerment of indigenous people or associations to pursue and protect their legitimate and collective interests and aspirations. Thus, all involved in the project will recognize, protect and promote the rights of indigenous cultural communities/indigenous peoples establishing implementing mechanisms, appropriating funds therefor, and for other purposes.

1. Philippine Constitution of 1987

30. Under the Constitution of the Philippines, a number of articles have been included for the protection of the Indigenous Cultural Communities (ICCs) in particular. These are: ▪ Article II of Section 22 recognizes and promotes the rights of ICCs within the framework of national unity and development. ▪ Article XII of Section 5 empowers the State, subject to the provisions of this Constitution and national development policies and programs, shall protect the rights of ICCs to their ancestral lands to ensure their economic, social, and cultural well- being. ▪ Article XIII of Section 6 confers the State shall apply the principles of agrarian reform or stewardship, whenever applicable in accordance with law, in the disposition or utilization of other natural resources, including lands of the public domain under lease or concession suitable to agriculture, subject to prior rights, homestead rights of small settlers, and the rights of IP communities to their ancestral lands. ▪ Article XIV of Section 2(4) encourages non-formal, informal, and indigenous learning systems, as well as self-learning, independent, and out-of-school study programs particularly those that respond to community needs.

▪ Article XIV of Section 17 stipulates that the State shall recognize, respect, and protect the rights of ICCs to preserve and develop their cultures, traditions, and institutions. It shall consider these rights in the formulation of national plans and policies. ▪ Article XVI of Section 12 empowers the Congress to create a consultative body to advise the President on policies affecting ICCs, the majority of the members of which shall come from such communities.

2. Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997 (RA 8371)

31. The Indigenous Peoples (IP) in the Philippines remain as the most marginalized sector of society. This status continues despite the tremendous in footpaths achieved by communities, partners and advocates through years of struggle. In 1997, as a result of vigilance and the sustained advocacy of the IP sector and its partners, the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA) was enacted. This provided venues and legal backbone for the recognition of the Traditional Rights of communities over their ancestral domain.

32. The IPRA provides for the recognition of the traditional rights of IPs over their ancestral domains through the issuance of Certificates of Ancestral Domain Titles (CADT) or Certificate of Ancestral Land Titles (CALTs). It recognizes the rights of ICCs to define their development priorities through their own Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan (ADSDPP) and exercise management and utilize the natural resources within their traditional territories.

3. NCIP Administrative Order No. 3, Series of 2012

33. The NCIP Administrative Order (AO) No. 3 underscores the policy of the state that no concession, license, permit or lease or undertaking affecting ancestral domains will be granted or renewed without going through the free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) process, which is needed in the issuance of a Certification Precondition by the NCIP.

4. DENR-NCIP Memorandum of Agreement and Implementing Guidelines

34. The DENR and NCIP entered into a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) for the implementation of INREMP to ensure that provisions of the NCIP Administrative Order No. 3, Series of 2012 or the Revised Guidelines on FPIC and Related Processes of 2012, are fully considered and complied. 35. Meanwhile, the Implementing Guidelines on the MOA between DENR and NCIP for the Implementation of the INREMP in Municipalities with IP communities was promulgated with the following objectives: ▪ Establish a common understanding and framework for the operationalization of the MOA between DENR and NCIP for the implementation of the INREMP in areas with IP communities; ▪ Set the requirements and procedures in ensuring compliance to NCIP Administrative Order No. 3, Series of 2012 or the Revised Guidelines on FPIC and Related Processes of 2012; ▪ Provide and ensure compliance with the procedure and the standards in the conduct of the required validation process; and

▪ Protect the rights of the ICCs/ IPs in the introduction and implementation of plans, programs, projects, activities and other undertakings that will affect them and their ancestral domains to ensure their economic, social and cultural well-being.

5. Basic Principles of ADB Safeguard Policy, 2009

36. The ADB Policy on Safeguards for IPs recognizes the right of IPs to direct the course of their own development. IP are defined in different countries in various ways. For operational purpose, the term IP is used to refer to a distinct, vulnerable, social and cultural group with following characteristics: ▪ Self-identification as members of a distinct indigenous cultural group and recognition of this community by others; ▪ Collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories in the project area and to the natural resources in the habitats; ▪ Customary, cultural, economic, social or political institutions that are separate from those of dominant society and culture; and ▪ A distinct language, often different from the official language of the country or region.

37. According to the ADB policy, IP safeguards are triggered if a project directly or indirectly affects the dignity, human rights, livelihood systems or culture of Indigenous people or affects the territories, natural or cultural resources that IP own, use, occupy or claim as their ancestral property.

38. The SPS sets out the following principles for IP safeguards in all the projects in which ADB is involved: ▪ Screen early on to determine (i) whether IPs are present in, or have collective attachment to, the project area; and (ii) whether project impacts on IPs are likely. ▪ Undertake a culturally appropriate and gender-sensitive social impact assessment or use similar methods to assess potential project impacts, both positive and adverse, on IP communities. Give full consideration to options the affected IPs prefer in relation to the provision of project benefits and the design of mitigation measures. Identify social and economic benefits for affected IPs that are culturally appropriate and gender and inter-generationally inclusive and develop measures to avoid, minimize, and/or mitigate adverse impacts on IPs. ▪ Undertake meaningful consultations with affected IPs communities and concerned IP organizations to solicit their participation (i) in designing, implementing, and monitoring measures to avoid adverse impacts or, when avoidance is not possible, to minimize, mitigate, or compensate for such effects; and (ii) in tailoring project benefits for affected IP communities in a culturally appropriate manner. To enhance IPs’ active participation, projects affecting them will provide for culturally appropriate and gender inclusive capacity development. Establish a culturally appropriate and gender inclusive grievance mechanism to receive and facilitate resolution of the IPs’ concerns. ▪ Ascertain the consent of affected IP communities to the following project activities: (i) commercial development of the cultural resources and knowledge of IPs; (ii) physical displacement from traditional or customary lands; and (iii) commercial development of natural resources within customary lands under use that would impact the livelihoods or the cultural, ceremonial, or spiritual uses that define the identity and community of IPs. For the purposes of policy application, the consent of affected IP communities refers to a collective expression by the affected IP communities, through individuals and/or their recognized representatives, of broad

community support for such project activities. Broad community support may exist even if some individuals or groups object to the project activities. ▪ Avoid, to the maximum extent possible, any restricted access to and physical displacement from protected areas and natural resources. Where avoidance is not possible, ensure that the affected IP communities participate in the design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of management arrangements for such areas and natural resources and that their benefits are equitably shared. ▪ Prepare an IPP that is based on the social impact assessment with the assistance of qualified and experienced experts and that draw on indigenous knowledge and participation by the affected IP communities. The IPP includes a framework for continued consultation with the affected IP communities during project implementation; specifies measures to ensure that IPs receive culturally appropriate benefits; identifies measures to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for any adverse project impacts; and includes culturally appropriate grievance procedures, monitoring and evaluation arrangements, and a budget and time-bound actions for implementing the planned measures. ▪ Disclose a draft IPP, including documentation of the consultation process and the results of the social impact assessment in a timely manner, before project appraisal, in an accessible place and in a form and language(s) understandable to affected IP communities and other stakeholders. The final IPP and its updates will also be disclosed to the affected IP communities and other stakeholders. ▪ Prepare an action plan for legal recognition of customary rights to lands and territories or ancestral domains when the project involves (i) activities that are contingent on establishing legally recognized rights to lands and territories that IPs have traditionally owned or customarily used or occupied, or (ii) involuntary acquisition of such lands. ▪ Monitor implementation of the IPP using qualified and experienced experts; adopt a participatory monitoring approach, wherever possible; and assess whether the IPP’s objective and desired outcome have been achieved, considering the baseline conditions and the results of IPP monitoring. Disclose monitoring reports.

B. Brief Description about the Indigenous Peoples in the Subproject Site

39. This section describes the general socio-economic profiles of the UP community in the subproject area. The information was collected from the Community-Based Monitoring Survey (CBMS) conducted by the Municipal Planning and Development Office (MPDO) in 2012-2013.

40. To ensure that a baseline data of the IPs are obtained, and to be able to monitor and evaluate if all the impacts by the subproject are effectively managed, a data gathering and household survey on the Ups will be conducted before monitoring. Similarly, the LGU will gather available baseline information from the Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office (MSWDO), Municipal Health Office (MHO) and NCIP Offices.

1. Population

41. According to the Municipal Planning and Development Office (MPDO) survey in 2017, the Municipality of Tanudan has a total population of 9,379 persons where 4,358 are male and 5,306 are female. Barangay Ga-ang has a total of 575 persons of which 284 are male and 291 are female. It is composed of 103 households and 126 families.

2. Population Density

42. Tanudan has a total land area of 35, 497.91 hectares, and a population of 9,379 persons in the year 2017, the population density of the municipality is 3.78 persons per hectare. Barangay Ga-ang has a total land area of 1,157 hectares and with a total population of 575.

43. The computed population growth rate is 0.0475 within the last two (2) years, with a population density of 0.52 or say 1 person per hectare.

3. Ethnicity and Cultural Practices

44. Ga-ang is covered by the Bugis Ancestral Domain, duly recognized by the NCIP (see Appendix 1). Ninety-seven percent (97%) or 99 households of the total 103 households in Barangay Ga-ang belong to the Iga-ang ethnic group, a sub-tribe of the Kalinga. The Iga-ang tribe are an IP of the Northern Philippines. They are part of the collective group of IPs known as the Igorot. Ilocano is also used as an alternative dialect to the native dialect. Entry of other ethnic groups like Ilocano and Tagalog is due to intermarriage. Being permanent resident, they were gradually assimilated in the local culture and dialect.

45. The Iga-ang tribe greatly value family and kinship. This makes the household, extended household of relatives or of the kinship circle, and territorial region significant units of the barangay and even the Kalinga society. In terms of their celebrations, they incorporate traditional dance and music as a form of thanksgiving and cultural preservation.

46. The Iga-ang also have cultural practices in terms of farming or in the agricultural aspect. They have what they call the “uma” which has been practiced and believed by the people of Tanudan as one of the farming systems that brings life and sustains life. As compared to the “pappayaw” which is the wet farmland, the “uma” is distinguished as the upland rice farm. Other cultural practices in Tanudan are being practiced during the land preparation, transplanting and harvesting of the “unoy” rice. “Unoy” is a collective name of the traditional rice varieties usually planted in the rice-field during the dry season. Its varieties include the tawaki, bangod and dulpog planted in the kaingin and the dumaligan which is planted in the payaw.

47. On land preparation of “unoy” producers, their practices include the “Baybay” and the “Dosdos”. The Baybay is a land preparation practice with the use of animals especially the water buffalo. The practice includes a number of water buffaloes tied in their noses to form a line whereas a male water buffalo or an experienced female will lead the group and the one on the end of the line is a young water buffalo being trained. The farmer controls the pace of the buffaloes by staying behind the line as the soil is being trampled until it is muddy. The same process is repeated after the field has rest for a week. This is called “kaliwag.” After the kaliwag, a practice called “lenas” will follow. Lenas is when the rice field is levelled with the use of a palm tree trunk, a bamboo or a lumber pulled by a water buffalo divided into manageable size. On the other hand, “Dosdos” is when both men and women come together to stump the soil until it turned muddy. The rice stalks from the previous crop are then pushed with the use of their feet to the ground. This will in turn serve as fertilizer when rotten.

48. Rites and rituals in land preparation include the butchering of a chicken by an old woman or man to read the vile before a clearing. If the reading is good then the clearing will proceed, but if it is otherwise, they will wait for a good time in the future. The IPs believe that forcing to proceed with a bad reading will make the harvest bad or rodents, locust and pests will destroy the rice plantation. Another ritual is the “sissiwa” where, before the day work will commence, an

9 old woman or man will make chants that the farmers will be strong, that there will be no illness for the family and that the harvest will be good or that the rice planted will grow robustly.

49. For the transplanting, this process is called by the IPs as “pangu”. Their rites and rituals include the “Battikang”, “Puldus” and “Salukang”. Battikang is a practice where the farmers will slice a piece of bamboo on one end with a piece of wood as the opening lock or divider of the splitted end and is planted-erect at the mid of the field. The IPs believe that the battikang will ward-off harmful animals that will come to destroy the transplanted rice- seedlings. Puldus is also believed to ward-off harmful animals and insects. It is made of runo leaves semi-eight knot folded forming a loop and is placed at the edge of the rice paddy. Salukang is also made of a piece of bamboo sliced equally at one end forming as many splits as possible. The bamboo splits are then interwoven with the split-end of the bamboo pole until an inverted cone-shape is formed. Inside this inverted cone-shape, an old woman or man will place glutinous rice then chants prayers for good harvest, warding-off destructive insects and animals from the plantation and good health for the family.

50. For harvesting, some of the beliefs of the Iga-ang’s are the “Manabaku”, “Pakuy” or “Bogga” and the “Dangkas”. The manabaku is where all harvesters are prohibited to smoke when they are harvesting. According to their belief, smoking while harvesting will make the rice easily consumed which will result to famine. They believe that the granary or the storing jar will easily be emptied like a smoke that easily disappears when one smokes. Pakuy or Bogga is the term they used for shouting. It is also strictly prohibited during harvest time for it is believed that shouting will frighten Kabunyan. It is believed that the fear of Kabunyan will cause him to run away and will give little harvest. The god of harvest might be frightened and will ran away with the harvest. Dangkas refers to passing by which is also prohibited because it will also frighten Kabunyan. It is believed that the harvest will be limited to the ones already harvested when he is present, so when he leaves, he will not give any more. This will result to little harvest.

4. Education

51. Record shows that Barangay Ga-ang has a Child Development Center (CDC), primary schools and elementary schools. The junior and senior high school is located at Barangay Lower Lubo which is approximately one kilometer away from the barangay.

52. The education of the different ethnic groups and IPs of Barangay Ga-ang and other barangays are catered by the abovementioned schools within the barangay and the Municipality of Tanudan.

5. Means of Livelihood and Income

53. The major source of livelihood in the barangay is the farming sector, rice is the staple food, followed by root crops and other commodities. Some engage in small business enterprise and few are in government service.

54. A total of 21 households of generally vegetable farmers have a monthly income of 3,000 to 6,000 within barangay Ga-ang. Old people whose occupation is rice farming have a monthly income of 3,000 and below. Comprising the 18 households belonging to the P12, 000.00 and above monthly income range are overseas Filipino workers and government employees.

55. Education expense consumes much of the family income which if inferred on the financial capabilities of the low-income households is too costly. Despite this, a number from the

10 low-income households manage to enroll in college incurring substantial amount of credit while others opt to find daily wage jobs.

6. Poverty

56. Based on the poverty line released by the Philippine Statistics Authority of the Cordillera Administrative Region for the first semester of 2018, among the 103 IP households living in the barangay, 83 are living under the poverty line as regulated by the Government resulting in the poverty rate which is 83.52%.

57. Specifically, 38 households have an income of 3,000 and below, 21 households have an income of 3,001 to 6,000, 15 households have an income of 6,001 to 9,000, 11 households have an income of 9,001 to 12,000 and the remaining 18 households have an income of 12,000 and above.

58. Moreover, the reasons for their poverty are the a) lack of infrastructure, b) limited access to jobs and opportunities, c) low economic growth, and d) decrease in yields of crops due to typhoons.

7. Living Conditions

59. The most popular form of housing of the inhabitants in Barangay Upper Lubo is the typical traditional Iga-ang form. The traditional Iga-ang form is made of part wood for most parts of the house and concrete for the flooring and other sections. Some households live in two or more storey-houses made from combination of hard lumber and concrete.

60. The main power source in the subproject area is a local power source being maintained and monitored by the MLGU while the main water source of potable water supply is a developed and protected spring located at the foot of Mount Tangob. In the absence of a water quality assessment, same is used as a source for domestic use. Other uses of water such as agriculture is available in the vicinity of the barangay. Regarding sanitation, most of the households have their own toilet area but a public restroom is also available within the community and is the most popular in the area.

C. Key Subproject Stakeholders

61. The key project stakeholders are as follows: ▪ IPs living in the barangay; ▪ DENR, as the executing agency of the INREMP; ▪ DA-INREMP, as the implementing agency of rural infrastructure subprojects under INREMP; ▪ NPCO who shall oversee all safeguards compliance and provide technical support in the preparation and implementation of the IPP; ▪ Municipal LGU of Tanudan, as the implementing agency of the subproject; ▪ Barangay LGU of Ga-ang and the SPMU – that support the IPP implementation under the guidance of the Municipal LGU of Tanudan; ▪ Council of Elders (CoE), that looks after the welfare of the tribe and its members; and ▪ NCIP, the primary agency in regulation and support of the IPs in the area; and

▪ Contractors, which are private and independent companies contracted to implement the rehabilitation of the Ga-ang Footpath.

62. Consultations which involved the key stakeholders are discussed in the succeeding sections.

D. Gender Sensitive Assessment of IP Perceptions

63. The proposed subproject will encourage the participation of both the males and females. This will open jobs and new opportunities for workers to be recruited along the subproject road. Local labor will be employed. Men are to carry out manual and unskilled tasks. Moreover, increased productivity, increase in additional income and more opportunities for IP women are the tangible benefits to women with the proposed subproject. Reduction in transportation costs will translate into extra cash for women who do the family budget. Saved extra cash can be spent to other needs of families such as health and education. Ease of transport will directly impact on the improved safety and health of women and children, as health services will be accessible.

64. The women will also be involved in the planning, consultation, monitoring and evaluation activities and also during the operation and maintenance of the completed subproject. During the planning and consultation of the subproject, the women will be of big help especially in the documentation process. Women residing in the along the subproject area will also be encouraged in monitoring and reporting of any development or changes in the subproject. During the public consultation conducted on April 27, 2018, the significant involvement of women throughout all the phases of the construction was emphasized. Women participation can be a timekeeper, caretaker of the bunkhouse or to check the attendance of the workers.

E. Anticipated Positive and Negative Impacts of the Project and Corresponding Enhancing and Mitigating Measures

65. In the two community consultations conducted, the beneficiaries identified the beneficial impacts of the proposed footpath rehabilitation subproject. The proposed subproject will provide the community an all-year-round safe access walkways or footpath, which can uplift their economic condition and way of life.

66. Specifically, the subproject will provide the community easier and safer access to and from the barangay, especially for students. Moreover, with a rehabilitated footpath, the farm produce of the community can easily be transported from farms to markets. Given the lesser time and effort consumed in the transportation of goods and services, the community may benefit through increased household income.

67. There are no significant adverse impacts of the subproject identified during the consultation. However, the IP community raised concerns such as: a) what will be role of the barangay in the monitoring phase; b) will the Barangay Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation Team (BPMET) be provided monitoring kits and supplies; and c) the possibility of transferring the subproject site to a different area in the barangay. As response to these concerns: a) the roles and functions of the BPMET was discussed; b) clarified that during the capacity building/training for the BPMET, monitoring kits and supplies will be provided; and c) cleared that the transfer of the subproject may cause delay in the pre-implementation phase because it

12 was not the approved project site. It was also explained to the IP community that the proposed subproject is a rehabilitation of an existing footpath in the barangay.

IV. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE. CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION

A. Consultation and Participation Conducted during the IPP Preparation

68. A public consultation was conducted in the barangay on April 27, 2018 and October 18, 2018 for the orientation of the DA INREMP-Rural Infrastructure component (Appendix 3 and 4 for the Minutes, Attendance and Photo Documentation of the Public Consultation).

69. Table 1 presents location, time, number of participants of each public consultation meeting. The table below shows the number of consultation participants in the IPP preparation.

Table 1. Number of Participants in the Community Consultations during the IPP Preparation Date of Consultation and Venue Total Males Females Consultation Community Consultation Rehabilitation of Ga-ang Footpath April 27,2018 67 41 26 and Pongod-Bawbao-Bacog CIS at Tanudan, Kalinga Community Orientation for the October Rehabilitation of Ga-ang Footpath 58 30 28 18,2018 at Tanudan, Kalinga

70. Participants to the activity were barangay officials, elders and affected claimants of the proposed subproject. The activities were conducted collaboratively with the Municipal Local Government Unit of Tanudan, the Barangay Local Government Unit, NCIP-Provincial Office and the DA-Regional Office personnel.

71. During the community consultations, DA discussed and clarified the INREMP project, as well as, the requirements needed to accomplish and submit by the interested people’s organization (see Appendix 3 for the Minutes if the Meeting, Attendance and Documentation of the Consultation held on April 27, 2018).

72. Another barangay orientation was conducted on October 18, 2018 whereas the community was informed of their rights to be consulted before the implementation of the subproject and was presented with the subproject engineering designs. On the same activity, the community gave their consent for the implementation of the proposed footpath (see Appendix 4 for the Minutes if the Meeting, Attendance and Documentation of the Consultation held on October 18, 2018).

Table 2: Summary of Stakeholder Views of the Ga-ang Footpath Rehabilitation Issues Opinions, Suggestions and How the opinions, concerns Concerns raised by the and suggestions have been Participants addressed Subproject Design • A community member • DA and the LGU said that

Issues Opinions, Suggestions and How the opinions, concerns Concerns raised by the and suggestions have been Participants addressed suggested transferring the such action can affect the subproject site to a pre-implementation different area in the process barangay Anticipated Positive Impacts • Possible Benefits that the • Easier and easier pathway and Proposed Measures to subproject will bring to the for community members, Enhance Benefits community and their especially for the students livelihood • Easier access to the barangay • Easier transport of crops from farms to markets • Minimized occurrence of soil erosion upon concretization of footpath Anticipated Negative Impacts No negative impacts identified and Proposed Measures to Mitigate these Impacts Implementation Schedule No issues were raised Monitoring and Evaluation What will be the role of the • The roles and functions of barangay in the monitoring the BPMET was phase? discussed. The DA and LGU clarified that barangay officials will also help in monitoring

B. Information Disclosure

73. The final IPP, its revision, if any, internal and external monitoring reports will be submitted to ADB for posting on their website, the DENR-Forest Management Bureau, DA, the Municipality of Tanudan and the subproject barangay offices, the PENRO and DENR regional office will make the documents in the indigenous language available to the public. The documents shall be posted in accessible public places such as barangay halls, DENR regional office, and tribal halls. In case the documents are lengthy, copies of the documents will be provided to tribal leaders.

V. BENEFICIAL AND MITIGATIVE MEASURES

74. The table below shows the subproject impacts and corresponding enhancing and mitigative measures identified during the consultations with the IP communities.

Table 3. Summary Matrix of Impacts and Enhancement/ Mitigation Measures Enhancement or Subproject Responsible Estimated Mitigation Targets Impacts Unit Cost Measures Positive Impacts Implement Included in maintenance effort to Barangay and the budget of Improved access Barangay sustain better Municipal Municipal to social services residents delivery and access LGU LGU to social services Included in Maintenance to be Safe access for Barangay and the budget of all and zero carried out to prevent Barangay Municipal Municipal delay of daily occurrence of residents LGU LGU activities accidents

Generate savings on Implement footpath Included in decrease cost of maintenance to Barangay and the budget of sustain faster Barangay manual hauling Municipal Municipal delivery of farm residents in transporting inputs and harvest LGU LGU agricultural commodities, Included in Training on financial Increased Barangay and the budget of management will be Barangay production and Municipal Municipal made part of the residents profit LGU LGU capability building.

Promotion of Eco-tourism activities Included in diversified to be planned out so Barangay and the budget of Barangay agriculture and as to sustain Municipal Municipal residents eco-tourism environmental LGU LGU industry protection Livelihood trainings Included in and establishments Barangay and the budget of Livelihood shall be provided in Barangay Municipal Municipal intensification coordination with the residents offices of DTI and LGU LGU DOST Negative Impacts Necessary Included in engineering Possible minor Barangay Municipal the budget of intervention will be erosion residents LGU Municipal applied to prevent LGU erosion

VI. CAPACITY BUILDING

75. Being in an area where majority (97%) are IPs, Barangay Ga-ang, like other barangays, are regular recipients of various trainings and workshops to capacitate them. Livelihood groups have been organized and various proposals to funding agencies for livelihood activities were approved. At present, livelihood activities established in the area are root crops production, chili making, and sewing and heirloom rice production. Preparatory activities were already done and construction of needed facilities as identified in the LGU’s Investment Plan shall start the soonest.

76. Such skills development trainings and workshops shall be conducted under the supervision of the LGU Tanudan and social safeguards expert. Environmental safeguards expert shall also be invited if necessary. Project output and benefits, most especially to the IPs, shall be highlighted and discussed during the workshops. The orientation program will comprise sessions on development of the human capital especially women and youth groups by acclimatizing them to the oncoming opportunities, enhancing traditional and other learned skills and empowering them in a socio-culturally beneficial and appropriate manner.

77. Such trainings will also be conducted according to the vernacular language of the participants. As such, the trainings will be conducted per sitio within Barangay Ga-ang.

78. The Project (INREMP) will also provide trainings that will not only enhance the skills of the proponent LGU, Peoples Organizations and the community but will also provide them know- how on the guidelines set forth by ADB and best practices on Infrastructure subproject implementation. Among the trainings that will be provided by the subproject are as follows: ▪ Orientation and Workshop on the Preparation of Subproject Document; ▪ Procurement Training and Workshop on the Preparation of Bidding Document; ▪ Construction Supervision and Financial Management Training; and ▪ Operation, Maintenance and Sustainability Training.

79. Part of the community’s capacity building is the organization of a team of community volunteers who will undertake the monitoring of subproject implementation in the community. This team of volunteers will be given proper and ample training, not only in monitoring but in report preparation as well. They will also be provided with proper monitoring tools and protective personal equipment to use during monitoring activities. These volunteers can use the skills they will learn from the Subproject in future projects implemented in the barangay.

VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

80. The Local Government Unit of Tanudan has properly conducted consultations with the different stakeholders of the subproject site. However, it still must make room for possible issues, concerns, or grievances and disputes arising from the communities in relation to the project implementation. Thus, the LGU sets up a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) to provide a venue for resolving grievances and disputes even at the lowest level. This will be done to resolve disputes as early and as quickly as possible before it escalates to an unmanageable level.

81. Giving primacy to traditional conflict resolution system, grievances be handled following the procedure outlined below. In resolving disputes among the indigenous peoples, the determination or decision is usually reached through dialogue and consensus. There may be

several conflict resolution sessions according to the specific tribe’s customary laws before the dispute may be resolved. Thus, there is no clear definite timeline on when the conflict or dispute should be settled at the level of the clan and the Council of Elders (COE). ▪ Dispute/grievance will be resolved first among the members of the clan; ▪ If the said grievance/dispute is not resolved at the clan level, this will be brought to the level of the COE; ▪ If still unresolved at the COE level, the said dispute/grievance will be submitted to the NCIP Regional Hearing Office (RHO), for resolution, where the decision will be final and executory. The dispute/grievance will be heard and adjudicated in accordance with the Rules on Pleadings, Practice and Procedures before the NCIP.

82. The Barangay Captain will be the designated focal person in case grievances may arise in the community level. In case of unsolved grievances, the MLGU from MPDO and MEO in association with the Contractor will be responsible for managing the effective grievance redress program.

83. Complainants shall be exempted from all administrative and legal fees incurred pursuant to the grievance redress procedures. The MLGU of Tanudan and the barangay LGU will maintain proper documentation of all complaints received and actions taken.

84. Monthly reports on all complaints, disputes or questions received about the subproject and corresponding actions taken to resolve the issues will be prepared by the SPMU. These reports will be included in the semi-annual internal monitoring reports to be submitted to ADB.

VIII. MONITORING, REPORTING AND EVALUATION

85. The implementation of the IPP will be monitored to (i) ensure that mitigation measures designed to address adverse social impacts and measures to enhance positive impacts are adequate and effective; (ii) determine if there are any issues and concerns of the IP communities regarding the subproject implementation; (iii) propose corrective actions when needed and (iv) determine the benefits of the subprojects.

a. Internal Monitoring

86. The DA-INREMP through the PSO will set up an internal monitoring system comprising of an IP Safeguard Officer, IP community and the affected IPs through their respective tribe and any other social institutions to monitor the IPP implementation. For daily monitoring of the IPP implementation, the PSO will engage a dedicated person at community level, who will interact closely with the IP households, and tribe on a priority basis. The focal person will also disclose the subproject-related information to the IP households. Also, the IP Safeguard Officer will observe the construction progress at the construction site and make plans of implementing the mitigation measures and enhancement measures as agreed in the IPP. The social safeguards specialist will provide assistance to the PSO, IP safeguard officer to carry out the tasks. Periodic internal monitoring reports will be prepared by the IP Safeguard Officer.

87. Regarding the involvement of the IP community in the monitoring of the IPP implementation, a BPMET has been established for each barangay during the community consultations. The BPMETs are composed of both male and female volunteers. The BPMETs have a responsibility in monitoring, evaluation and reporting of all subproject activities implementation including the IPP implementation and civil construction works. The BPMETs will

17 be trained by the PSO who will work in close association with the community group and give necessary feedback to support internal daily monitoring and supervision of the subproject construction and IP activities with the support of the PMIC.

88. Internal monitoring indicators of the UPP implementation are outlines in Appendix 5. b. External Monitoring

89. An external monitoring agency (EMA) will be engaged by the DENR for INREMP. The EMA will be either a qualified individual or a consultancy form with qualified and experienced staff. Activities to be undertaken by the EMA are as follows: ▪ conduct a socio-economic baseline survey; ▪ verify results of internal monitoring; ▪ verify and assess the results of the subproject Information, Education and Communication (IEC) for IPs and non-IPs; ▪ assess efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability of the IPP implementation; ▪ suggest modification in the implementation procedures of the IPP if necessary, to achieve the principles and objectives of the INREMP IPPF; and ▪ review of the handling of compliance and grievances cases.

90. Indicators for external monitoring of the RP implementation are presented in Appendix 6. c. Reporting

91. The Municipal LGUs will submit quarterly reports to PSO of the DA-INREMP and DENR. The NPCO will consolidate all reports from the project municipalities and prepare internal semi- annual social safeguards monitoring reports (SMRs) for submission to ADB. The EMA will submit semi-annual social SMRs to the DENR and DA-INREMP and the DENR through the NPCO will be responsible for submitting the reports to ADB for review and disclosure. Monitoring reports will be uploaded on the ADB and INREMP websites for disclosure.

IX. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT

92. Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) is the executing agency for the INREMP and DENR has full responsibility for Project administration and management. The NPCO has been established at the DENR Central office to oversee the Project implementation, including all safeguards compliance and technical support in the preparation and implementation of the IPP. The tasks of NPCO are to: ▪ Coordinate with NCIP and field implementing units in the preparation, planning, and if needed, revision of the IPP; ▪ Monitor the IPP implementation and fund disbursement; ▪ Address grievances filed at its offices by the IPs for conflict mediation if these are not resolved at the regional level; ▪ With NCIP, amend or complement the IPP in case problems are identified during the internal and/or external monitoring of its implementation.

93. Department of Agriculture – INREMP (DA-INREMP) is the implementing agency of the Rural Infrastructure Subprojects under the INREMP in the Chico Upper River Basin. The PSO under the DA will have responsibility in the following tasks:

▪ Supervise all the activities under the subproject, including the IP-related issues; ▪ Conduct consultations with the IP community in coordination with DENR and Municipal LGU of Tanudan; and ▪ Prepare progress reports to submit to the DA and DENR.

94. Municipal LGU of Tanudan is the implementing agency of the subproject. The Municipal LGU is responsible for the following tasks: ▪ Ensure that sufficient funds are available to properly implement the IPP; ▪ Ensure that subproject implementation complies with the ADB SPS 2009 and regulations of the Government and tribal groups; ▪ Obtain necessary approval(s) from NCIP and/or other concerned government agencies prior to commencement of activities; ▪ Ensure that tender and contract document for design, supervision and civil works include the relevant IPP requirements; ▪ Conduct public consultation(s) and/or secure resolution(s) of support to ensure the acceptability of the subproject; ▪ Facilitate resolution of affected peoples' concerns; ▪ Monitor the implementation of the measures specified in the approved IPP; ▪ Submit periodic reports of implementation progress to the DA-INREMP; and ▪ Provide funds in capacity building needs identified to capacitate the IP stakeholders.

95. Subproject Management Unit (SPMU) was created by the Municipal LGU of Tanudan (Appendix 7). It is composed of LGU division heads especially the Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator and the Municipal Engineer. The SPMU is responsible for the following tasks: ▪ Prepare, implement and comply with the required social, technical and environmental safeguards, such as, but not limited to resettlement plan, acquisition of right of ways, environmental compliance certificate/ certificate of non-coverage to ensure the readiness of the subproject relative to these; ▪ Incorporate social dimensions to the subproject design and implementation by conducting public consultation, information education and advocacy to the local development council and the communities; ▪ Design and implement strategies and mechanisms to ensure sustainability of the subproject to include cost recovery, among others; ▪ Ensure that IPP provisions are strictly implemented and monitored during the various project phases; and ▪ Adopt monitoring and evaluation system to generate baseline data and to monitor and evaluate the benefits and impact of the subproject.

96. National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) has responsibility to observe and comply with its duties and functions as follows: ▪ Protect and promote the interest and well-being of the IPs with regard to their beliefs, customs, tradition and institutions; ▪ Issue appropriate certification as a pre-condition to the issuance of permits, leases, grants or any other similar authority for the disposition, utilization, management, and appropriation by any private individual, corporate entity or any government agency, corporation or subdivision thereof on any part or portion of ancestral domains taking into consideration the consensus approval of the IP concerned; ▪ Exercise its authority to conduct visitation of the area relative to the applicant’s program in order to secure the conditions and well-being of the ICCs/IPs; and

▪ Handle grievances of the IPs if the grievances are not resolved satisfactorily at the level of CoE.

97. The Social Safeguards Specialist of NPCO will assist and work closely with the NPCO, PSO and Municipal LGU of Tanudan as follows: ▪ The assisting professional/safeguards specialist of NPCO will undertake the supervision and monitoring of the IPP implementation and contractor’s performance. ▪ Closely supervise and monitor the contractor’s implementation of proposed measures specified in the IPP. ▪ Assist the DA-INREMP/DENR in preparing semi-annual monitoring reports on the progress of the IPP implementation. ▪ Facilitate capacity building needs identified to capacitate the IP stakeholders.

98. The Project Management Implementation Consultants (PMIC) will be engaged to assist and work closely with the NPCO, PSO and Municipal LGU of Tanudan on the various activities, including providing capacity to implement and monitor the IP activities.

99. The Barangay Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation Team (BPMETs) have been established to undertake the following tasks: ▪ Monitor the performance of PO officers implementing subprojects; ▪ Monitor the functionality of the association, and the financial aspect of the organization; ▪ Document findings during the scheduled monitoring and evaluation of infrastructure subprojects; ▪ Consolidate reports to the general assembly and to other stakeholders; ▪ Submit reports of findings and recommendations to the Barangay Inspection Team, Municipal Management Group, and Provincial Management Group. The Barangay Development Council should be given a copy for information and guidance; ▪ Monitor the implementation of the Participatory Project Investment Plans (PPIPs) and other plans agreed upon during meetings; ▪ Obtain complete and updated copies of the barangay PPIP, documentation on all project work plans, activities, and programs including copies of performance and/or accomplishment reports; ▪ Obtain copies of all contracts, bids, awards for projects/activities/ programs of the barangay in so far as these apply to DA-INREMP; ▪ Obtain copies of all complaints, favorable reports of subproject activities; and ▪ Obtain and maintain files and reports of the Provincial Planning Development Office – Tanudan, Barangay Development Council, participating line agencies, barangay POs, Council of Elders, and DA-INREMP beneficiaries.

Table 4: Implementation Schedule for the IPP Activities Indicative Schedule Responsible Unit Contractor, DA-INREMP, Subproject Implementation July 2019-November 2019 DENR, LGU Setting up of subproject July 2018 LGU, DA-INREMP management unit Procurement of contractor or July -August 2019 LGU, DA-INREMP, DENR bidding process… LGU, DA-INREMP, DENR, Approval of the IPP June 2019 NCIP-CAR, ADB Updating and Disclosure of the June 2019 LGU, DA-INREMP, DENR,

Activities Indicative Schedule Responsible Unit IPP NCIP-CAR, ADB LGU, DA-INREMP, NCIP- Implementation of IPP July 2019 to June 2020 CAR, Continuous, starting 3rd Internal Monitoring LGU, DA-INREMP quarter 2019 Submission of Internal Semi-Annual, Starting 30 LGU, DA-INREMP Monitoring Report June 2019 External Monitoring Semi-annual DA-INREMP

X. BUDGET AND FINANCING

100. The estimated budget is made to provide financing mechanism for successful implementation of activities. These include sensitization about impact of development projects on IPs, awareness about their issues, comprehensive orientation on indigenous peoples’ concerns in development, the relevant safeguards instruments and mechanisms, as well as specific issues of indigenous peoples in the province on the one hand and development of the human capital especially women and youth by acclimatizing them to the oncoming opportunities, enhancing traditional and other learned skills and empowering them in a socio- culturally beneficial and appropriate manner. Other details are shown in Error! Reference source not found..

Table 5: Proposed Budget for the Implementation of Identified Interventions Activity Objective Target Timeline Estimated Budget To properly orient the barangay of the INREMP Barangay project including the As soon as beneficiary of Barangay funding agencies, other subproject is the subproject 27,200.00 Orientation involved government approved for (Whole agencies and the implementation community) proposed subproject for the area. To conduct a consultation on the community’s willingness to accept and support the subproject Barangay As soon as after a discussion on roles beneficiary of Community subproject is and responsibilities, social the subproject 34,000.00 Consultation approved for and environmental (Whole implementation safeguards, guidelines community) and process to be followed, and subproject design. To capacitate a team of Training on Team of volunteers to undertake Participatory volunteers, monitoring of project Monitoring Municipal and implementation and to 4th quarter of and Barangay 36,250.00 organize and orient a 2018 Evaluation for Local team of volunteers to BPMET Government undertake monitoring of Members Unit project implementation Skills training Provide additional skills Barangay 4th quarter 2018. 100,000.00

Activity Objective Target Timeline Estimated Budget for Barangay for target participants Development Development Council and Council and Council of Council of Elders Elders (Conflict management and strategic planning)

Total: PhP 197, 450.00 Source: DA-INREMP Fund

Appendix 1. Internal Monitoring Indicators

Appendix 2. External Monitoring Indicators