Defense Mechanism Seen Through Behaviors in the Character of Barney Stinson from How I Met Your Mother

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AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters

By VIVIEN CHRISTY Student Number: 144214005

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2018

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Defense Mechanism Seen through Behaviors in the Character of Barney Stinson from How I Met Your Mother

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters

By VIVIEN CHRISTY Student Number: 144214005

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2018

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Defense Mechanism Seen Through Behaviors in the Character of Barney Stinson from How I Met Your Mother

Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani- S.S.- M.Hum Co-Advisor

ilt PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

A Sarjana Saslra Undergraduate Thesis

Defense Mechanism Seen Through Behaviors in the Character ofBarney Stinson from How I Met Your Mother By VIVIEN CHRISTY Student~urnber: 144214005

Defendedbefore the Board ofExaminers Otl1uly, 19,2018 And Declared Acceptable

BOARD OF EXAMINERS

Name Signature

Chairperson : E. Arti Wulandari, Ph. D

Secretary : ~i Luh Putn Rosiandani, S.S., M.Hum

Member 1 : Dewi Widyastnti, S. Pd, M.Hum

Member 2 : E. Arti Wulandari, Ph. D

Member 3 : Ni Luh Putn Rosiandani, S.S., M.Hum

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LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAII UNTT]K KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS

Yang bertandatangan di bawah ini saya, mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma

Nama : Vivien Christy

NomorMahasiswa :144214005

Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul

Defense Mechanism Seen Through Behaviors in the Character of Barney Stinson from How I Met Your Mother beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta izin kepada saya maupun memberikan royalty kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis.

Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya.

Dibuat di Yogyakarta, Padatanggal 12 Juli 2018

enyatakan, qffiT

Vivien Christy PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY

I certify that this undergraduate thesis contains no material which has been previously

submitted for the award of any other degree at any university, and that, to the best of my knowledge, this undergraduate thesis contains no material previously written by any other person except the writer due reference is made in the text of the undergraduate thesis. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Psalms 139:11-12 If I say, “Surely the darkness will hide me and the light become night around me,” even the darkness will not be dark to You; the night will shine like the day, for darkness is as light to You.

I am loved.

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Dedicated to Papa, Mama, Willi, Mariyani, Micha and Helen, For without their hard works, my name will never have a degree behind.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

My biggest gratitude goes to my Abba Father, Jesus Christ and the Holy

Spirit. I am able to finish this thesis by His mercy and abundant blessings. I am blessed and fully loved.

My second gratitude goes to my thesis advisor E. Arti Wulandari, Ph.D. I am grateful to receive her willingness to guide me as her student and also her patience and helpful advices which encouraged me. I would also like to address my gratitude to my second thesis advisor Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani, S.S., M.Hum for her warm hearts, smiles and suggestions who ease my tension during this thesis writing.

I would like to thank my Papa and Mama, who always pray for their kids all the time and have a big dream on me. My gratitude goes to my brother Willi

Kurniawan, my sister Helen Diana, brother in law Micha Catur Firmanto and sister in law Mariyani Wijaya, who was willingly to support me to get into college.

Lastly, I am grateful to be put in a right community in my beloved church,

GMS Jogjakarta, specifically for my family in Christ, God’s Chosen and my connect group Miracle One and the Magang CS who paint my days in this city to be on wide spectrum of colors. I would also want to thank Sis Debora Wanti as my support system. Lastly, I would like to thank my mom in Christ, Mam Vanda for I will never forget the time you said I will always have number ten on my head.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ...... ii APPROVAL PAGE ...... iii ACCEPTANCE PAGEiv LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIA ..... v STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ...... vi MOTTO PAGEv ...... ii DEDICATION PAGE ...... viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... x ABSTRACT ...... xii ABSTRAK ...... xiii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...... 1 A. Background of the Study ...... 1 B. Problem Formulation ...... 5 C. Objectives of the Study ...... 5 D. Definition of Terms ...... 5 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ...... 8 A. Review of Related Studies ...... 8 B. Review of Related Theories ...... 10 1. Theory of Characterization ...... 11 2. Conflict in Literature and Its Type ...... 13 3. Core Issues of Psychological Problem ...... 14 4. The Ego, Id and Superego ...... 15 5. The Ego Defense Mechanism ...... 16 C. Theoretical Framework ...... 18 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ...... 19 A. Object of the Study...... 19

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B. Approach of the Study ...... 20 C. Method of the Study ...... 21 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS (RESULTS AND DISCUSSION) 23 A. The Characteristic of Barney Stinson ...... 24 B. The Conflict within Barney Stinson and Its Core Conflict ...... 32 C. The Defense Mechanisms in the Character of Barney Stinson ...... 41 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ...... 49 REFERENCES ...... 51 APPENDICES ...... 53

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ABSTRACT CHRISTY, VIVIEN. (2018). Defense Mechanism Seen through Behaviors in the Character of Barney Stinson from How I Met Your Mother. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

This undergraduate thesis analyzes the ego defense mechanisms which occur in the character of Barney Stinson from a TV series titled How I Met Your Mother. The ego defense mechanism emerges when one feels a threatening situation caused by the impulsive desire. Ego defense mechanism helps a person’s ego to remain sane so that a threatening feeling or situation can be less damaging. The ego defense mechanisms do not occur by itself but is being triggered by certain psychological problems such as internal and external conflicts. The researcher used psychoanalytic approach in order to answer questions which have been formulated into three main objectives of the study. The first objective is to identify the characteristics of Barney Stinson. The second objective is to find his conflicts and his core issues. The third objective is to analyze which kind of defense mechanisms appear in Barney Stinson. In order to answer the problem formulations of the study, the researcher applied library research method. Firstly, the researcher used a primary resource which is the script of the TV series limited only for several episode in specific season and also the secondary resource which is How I Met Your Mother TV series. Secondly, the researcher formulated three objectives and used the psychoanalytic approach as the guideline. Thirdly, the researcher applied several theories to analyze the problem formulations. The theories are the theory of Character and Characterization, theory of Conflict in Literature, the Core Issues of Psychological Problems, and theory of Id, Ego and Superego and last the theory of Ego Defense Mechanism. Fourthly, the researcher drew the conclusion of the analysis. The analysis resulted in several findings. The first one is the characteristic of Barney Stinson is his broken personalities, yet he still has a good side in him. The second one is the internal and external conflicts within Barney Stinson. The external conflicts which are visible in Barney are his issues against his family and his father. Meanwhile, the internal conflicts in him are Barney’s struggles against his self and his insecurity. These conflicts are heavily influenced by his self and his family. Third, the defense mechanism which seen through his behaviors are repression, projection and displacement. These defense mechanisms emerge as his ways to cope with Barney’s inability to express his feelings.

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ABSTRAK

CHRISTY, VIVIEN. (2018). Defense Mechanism Seen through Behaviors in the Character of Barney Stinson from How I Met Your Mother. Yogyakarta: Progam Studi Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

Skripsi ini menganalisa mekanisme pertahanan ego yang terjadi dalam karakter Barney Stinson dari sebuah serial televisi berjudul How I Met Your Mother. Mekanisme pertahanan ego muncul ketika seseorang merasakan situasi yang merusak yang disebabkan oleh keinginan yang impulsif. Mekanisme pertahanan akan membantu ego seseorang untuk tetap waras agar sebuah perasaan atau situasi yang mengancam menjadi lebih tidak merusak. Mekanisme pertahanan ego tidak terjadi dengan sendirinya tetapi dipicu oleh masalah psikologis tertentu seperti konflik internal dan eksternal. Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan psikoanalitik untuk menjawab pertanyaan yang dirumuskan ke dalam tiga tujuan utama penelitian. Tujuan pertama adalah mengidentifikasi karakteristik Barney Stinson. Tujuan kedua adalah menemukan konfliknya dan penyebab masalah. Tujuan ketiga adalah untuk menganalisis mekanisme pertahanan apa yang muncul di Barney Stinson. Untuk menjawab perumusan masalah dari skripsi ini, peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan. Pertama, peneliti menggunakan sumber utama yang merupakan naskah dari serial televisi tersebut dan juga sumber sekunder yang merupakan serial televisi How I Met Your Mother hanya terbatas pada beberapa episode pada musim tertentu . Kedua, peneliti merumuskan tiga perumusan masalah dan menggunakan pendekatan psikoanalitik sebagai pedoman. Ketiga, peneliti menerapkan beberapa teori untuk menganalisa rumusan masalah. Teori-teorinya adalah teori Karakter dan Karakterisasi, teori Konflik dalam Sastra, Penyebab Masalah dalam Masalah Psikologis, dan teori Id, Ego dan Superego dan terakhir teori Mekanisme Pertahanan Ego. Keempat, peneliti menarik kesimpulan dari ringkasan analisa. Pencapaian dari analisis yang ada menghasilkan beberapa jawaban. Jawaban pertama adalah karakteristik Barney Stinson adalah kepribadiannya yang buruk namun masih terdapat sisi baik dalam dirinya. Kedua adalah konflik internal dan eksternal pada Barney Stinson. Konflik eksternal yang terlihat pada Barney adalah masalah yang ia hadapi terhadap keluarga dan ayahnya. Sementara, konflik internal dalam dirinya adalah pergumulan Barney melawan dirinya sendiri dan rasa tidak aman dalam dirinya. Konflik-konflik ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh dirinya sendiri dan keluarganya. Ketiga, mekanisme pertahanan yang dilihat melalui tingkah lakunya adalah represi, proyeksi dan pemindahan. Mekanisme pertahanan ini muncul sebagai cara untuk mengatasi ketidakmampuan Barney dalam mengekspresikan perasaannya.

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Social interaction is a basic human nature since human beings are social creature. It is very common to have interactions with others like families, coworkers, and people on the streets every single day. Social interaction take places at home, work fields, schools and many other. However, social interaction is not exactly an easy thing to do. Basic differentials as well as language, accent, body language and characters can define variance of acceptance which may lead towards either bonding relationship or even misunderstandings.

There are many factors which promote human to interact with each other. One of the factors is the internet. The headway of world's technology produces many breakthroughs in cyberspace. The most prominent success is the easy access to the emergence of social media platforms. This situation certainly leads to pro and cons in the society. The benefits of the easy access cause people to know the news of other with just a touch of finger.

As the internet revolution and ease in accessing news, it creates an evolution of humanity into a character which is judgmental. Due to the easy access into the private life of others through the photos which posted on social media, cause human easily judge oneself or the other.

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I get serious FOMO (fear of missing out) with Instagram, and with all social media. People are publicizing usually something really cool or fun that they’re doing, or at least they make it appear that way. I absolutely feel insecure. I’m 24, I’m a young professional in Toronto, but I have had Instagram since I was in university. I do feel a pressure to look particularly good. I would never post a photo that wasn’t flattering of me. I feel anxiety over how many likes I get after I post a picture. If I get two likes, I feel like, what’s wrong with me? Some people judge Instagram by deleting photos that don’t get enough likes. I wouldn’t do that, but I would definitely second-guess my intentions with posting them- Michelle Linker, 24 years old (Gajanan, 2015, para. 4).

The quotation above is quoted from one of the participants from a research made by Mahita Gajanan titled “Young women on Instagram and self-esteem: ‘I absolutely feel insecure’”, for an article in www.theguardian.com. In the article it is revealed that many young women felt insecure because of the certain standards which resulted from the social media. These women felt pressure to appear in a certain standard and would think whether something is wrong with their posts on the social media. This particular feeling can lead a person to be mentally ill such as depression or anxiety. When someone is mentally disturbed it can lead to the way a person behaves and shapes one’s characters.

When the unusual behavior appears from a person, it creates an enigma. People have the tendency to ask questions in general, how a person could behave in a particular way or what the reason behind the behavior is. These frequently asked questions become a challenging issue to be discussed. Before the nature of judgmentally and insecurity becomes a disease in human being, one must learn that a certain behavior of a person is caused by something at the past life. Therefore, people need to learn and understand the triggering factors of unusual behaviors.

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The common situation in the society where people feel insecure or easily judge one and other without learning to understand a person’s factors of act in a particular manner, becomes a challenging statement for the researcher to conduct a study about what cause a person behaves in a certain way. The closest way to learn about human behavior as a literature student is through literary analysis.

Literature is a complex art on a shape of words. Literature has a power to influence reader’s mind through its words and brings them to the imagination of the storyline created by the author. According to M.H Abrams and Geoffrey Galt

Harpham (2012) in A Glossary of Literary Terms, literature has been commonly used since the eighteenth century to designate fictional and imaginative writings like poetry, prose, fiction and drama (p. 199). Literary works are indeed worth to be the sources of learning and examining for students to produce literary analyses.

When it comes to literary analysis, in the twentieth century, literary analyses are not only limited to poems, fiction or drama, but also movie script. Nowadays, as film industry has become a big source of artworks by producing a filmed drama or play, these industries have successfully reached a lot of types of movies production and one of the popular kinds is TV series.

TV series is a semi-annual of television show which mostly being conducted in episodes of several season or series. TV series usually serves a narrated television show which has longer and twisted plots than a movie.

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As TV series can be an object for literary analysis, therefore the suitable resource for the object in this study is a TV series titled How I Met Your Mother which focuses on its popular character, Barney Stinson. However, as the researcher focuses on the literary analysis, the TV series scripts will be the primarily source in this study.

How I Met Your Mother is American situational comedy aired from year 2005 until 2014 and it mainly focus on the story of five characters named Ted Mosby, Lily

Aldrin, Marshal Ericksen, Robin Scherbatsky and Barney Stinson. The story starts from a voiceover of 2030’s Ted who tells the story of how he met the mother of his children. The story throwback to the life of 2005’s Ted, Lily, Marshal, Robin and

Barney’s with their adult’s life problems and their own encounter to love.

This study focuses on the character of Barney Stinson. He is one of the five main characters in How I Met Your Mother. Barney Stinson is known as a womanizer who rejects any form of commitments. He sleeps with a lot of women and using any kind of tricks to seduce them. Barney also has a prominent childish behavior. He is silly yet truly loyal to his best friends. The striving character of Barney Stinson is also a certainty that he might has conflicts and self-defense. As his character is very stand out in the TV series, it will be a useful object of study to find out the reason he acts in certain way and what kind of defense mechanism which he might has.

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B. Problem Formulation

The problems that will be discussed by researcher are:

1. What are the characteristics of Barney Stinson showed in the TV series?

2. What are Barney Stinson’s conflicts and the causes?

3. What defense mechanisms occur in Barney Stinson’s behaviors?

C. Objectives of the Study

The first objective is to describe the characteristics of Barney Stinson through his behavior in the show. The second objective is to identify what conflicts which happen in Barney’s life and the triggering factors which cause the conflict. The last objective is to analyze which kind of defense mechanisms that occurs in Barney’s behavior. The explanation of these objectives will use psychoanalysis approach which focuses in the theory of Ego Defense Mechanism with a help by theory of characterization, theory of Ego, Id and Superego, theory of Conflict in Literature and theory of Core Issues.

D. Definitions of Terms

The significant terms which will be often mentioned in this study are character, behavior, and defense mechanism. These terms are explained in order to avoid any misleading perception.

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According to A Glossary of Literary Term by M.H Abrams, character is the people presented in dramatic or narrative work with particular personalities define through its dialogue or action (2009. p. 20).

In Dictionary of Psychology and Allied Science, M.S Bhatia stated that behavior is the movements or actions which a person or animal performs. If something is referred to as behavior it means that it is only concerned with actual behavior, and not, for instance, with any cognitive aspects of a performance (2002, p.

45).

According to Theories of Personality by Jess Feist and Gregory J. Feist, defense mechanism is the unconscious forces which help the painful or unwanted memories emerge onto the conscious mind. As quoted from Feist and Feist’s book,

Freud stated that the ego’s purpose in establishing defense mechanism-to avoid dealing directly with sexual and aggressive and to defend itself against the anxiety that accompanies them (2005, p. 35).

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A. Review of Related Studies

There are several studies and an article related to this study. Both studies and this article are useful for the researcher as they can be used as additional guidelines to find what kind of psychological reason and which kind of defense mechanisms applicable in researcher’s object of study.

According to Theresia Ayu Santika (2017), in her thesis entitled “Ego Defense

Mechanism of The Stranger in Paulo Coelho’s The Devil and Miss Prymm”, she analyzed a character from a novel titled The Devil and Miss Prymm by Paulo Coelho.

The object of her study is the Stranger which has defense mechanisms.

The ego defense mechanism of the stranger helps the stranger to protect him from overwhelming anxieties. The anxieties the stranger has are caused by the abduction of his wife and two daughters by a group of terrorist that then lead to the death of his wife and two daughters (Santika, 2017, p. 56).

Santika’s study shows that the Stranger experiences several anxieties such as realistic, neurotic and moral anxieties. All these anxieties cause him to have several defense mechanisms. The ego defense mechanisms which occur are projection, displacement and rationalization. Santika stated that the anxiety serves as an ego preserving mechanism and therefore could not be separated from ego defense mechanism theory (Santika, 2017, p. 14).

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The other related study belongs to Fransiscus Xaveria Kia Wisang Soge (2012) titled “Self Defense Mechanism-Reaction toward Pressure of Laura Wingfield

Character as seen in Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie.” In her study about

Laura Wingfield, she finds that the character has several social pressures which later can cause the character to create defense mechanisms. One of the pressures that the character, Laure Wingfield has is the pressure from her mother, Amanda. Amanda suppresses her child to have a gentleman caller, because she was once a popular girl among the gents. As the pressure around Laura revolves, she creates a defense mechanism of fantasy.

Vaillant stated that fantasy is the tendency to retreat into fantasy in order to resolve inner and outer conflicts; projection which is the primitive form of paranoia. Because of her physical defect, Laura pulled herself, out of the society. She chooses to stay at the family’s apartment, she rarely goes out unless her mother orders or forces her to. Laura exiles in her building, creating comfort zone, a world where she can expressed herself and fantasize a lot without any distraction (Soge, 2012, p.46).

Laura chooses to create a fantasy of her own by living in a comfort zone instead of reality since she felt the pressure from her mom. In Soge’s thesis she concludes that

Laura Wingfield character has four defense mechanism which are fantasy, hypochondriasis, acting out and idealization.

The third related study is taken from a paper by Danielle Grider (2013) titled

“Barnabus “BARNEY” Stinson: A Legend…Wait For It.. Dary but Brief Character

Analysis”. The researcher uses the same object of study as in Grider’s paper which she

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published on her account in www.academia.edu. Both of the studies use the character of Barney Stinson from How I Met Your Mother. As she uses Freudian Psychology theory, Grider reveals that Barney Stinson has two types of defense mechanism which are denial and displacement. In her study she also stated that Barney has an extravert personality by looking at the Five Factor Model of Personality but also a personality disorder which are extremely narcissistic.

He (Barney Stinson) unconsciously utilizes the defense mechanisms to protect himself from feelings of abandonment from not having a father and the lies his mother told him to protect his feelings. He an extravert person and enjoys being in social situations. He loves the bar life, drinking, hitting does also utilizes the defense mechanisms for his fear of commitment and getting hurt. He is open to experiences and accepts new challenges. Barney is also a narcissistic person, and wants the best of everything. He thinks very highly of himself and believes everyone should live the way he does and is shocked when others don’t feel the same way (Grider, 2013, p. 7).

Grider’s study has two significant differences with this research. Firstly, Grider used of Five Factor Model of Personalities to analyze the characteristic of Barney in

Grider’s research. Meanwhile, this study will use the theory of character and characterization to examine Barney’s characteristics. Secondly, she also used the theory of ego defense mechanism to identify the defense mechanism in Barney Stinson in her study. However, the case of Barney’s behavior and also the defense mechanism which are being identified in this study will be different from Grider’s.

B. Review of Related Theories

These are the theories which will be used to this study.

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1. Theory of Characterization

In an article journal titled “Characterization- An Intrinsic Aspect of Dramatic

Text” by Vidhya B and Dr. A. Arjunan (2015) stated that characterization is the process of producing a character through typifying its actions, words and thoughts. Therefore, characterization plays an important role on defining a character’s quality and personality in literary works.

In order to characterize a character, there are 6 devices of characterization

according to the book How to Analyze Drama by Cristopher Russel Reaske (1979):

a. The Appearance of The Character

In the prologue or in the stage direction the playwright often describes the

character in the physical sense. We learn from the stage directions what a

character looks like and probably how he dressed, when a character walks onto

the stage, it is obvious from his appearance whether he is a meticulous or sloppy

person, attractive or unattractive, old or young, small or large. In other words, in

the mere appearance of character we locate our first understand of him (p. 46).

b. Aside and Soliloquies

All of the further characterization is of course established through dialogue. We

learn about the character as they speak. And, specifically, we are apt to understand

the characters best when they speak in short aside or in longer soliloquies. On

these occasions the character is, in effect, telling the audience of his specific

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characteristic; if he is a villain, he usually explains his evil intention or at least his

malicious hopes; if a lover, he offers us poetic statement of devotion; if a hero

torn between love and duty, he tells us about his conflict, and his resulting agony.

The use of soliloquies and asides is one of the most expert devices of

characterization (p. 46). c. Dialogue between Characters

The language of the character speaking alone characterizes him, but his language

when speaking to others also sheds a great deal of light on his personality. For

example, if a man speaks to his master and to his underling we can draw various

conclusions. (p. 47). d. Hidden Narration

One of the devices of characterization frequently employed is having one

character in play narrate something about another character. There is an interplay

between the playwright's characterization of certain people in the play through

their own words and actions, and the characterization through the use of hidden

narrations made by one character about another (p. 47). e. Language

When it comes to language, we must pay close attention to the kind of words

which the character use and remember how the character speaks. The way a

character speaks and the expression he uses should be our first concern. This

aspect of characterization is without doubt the most important and the playwright

as well as the critic is well aware of this truth (p. 47).

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f. Character in Action

Motivation usually translates into action in the real world and there is no reason

to assume that the same does not hold true in the world of characters on the stage

(p. 48)

2. Conflict in Literature and Its Type

The definition of conflict can be found in C. Hugh Holman and William Harmon in A Handbook to Literature that, “conflict is the struggles that grows out of the interplay of two opposing forces. Conflict provides interest, suspense and tension”

(1995, p.123).

Conflict often appears in novels, dramas, plays or movies which usually have more than one dramatic situation. As the definition of conflict which provides suspense and tension, when a conflict emerges, it usually affects the atmosphere to become tense.

In literature, conflict has two different major kinds. According to book

Introduction to Fiction, there are internal conflict and external conflict. An internal conflict is a conflict which cause more than one desires within a person, while external conflict happens between other person or one surrounding or environment (Stanton,

1965, p. 16).

External conflict occurs when it opposes with another object. Hence, there are four minor kinds of conflict according to Holman and Harmon (1995). The first conflict is a struggle against nature. The conflict happens as the character opposing forces which nature such as earthquake, storms and floods. The second one is the struggle against another person. This conflict usually happens between a protagonist and an

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antagonist. The third one is the struggle against society. This type of conflict happens between a person and his/her social life he/she lived in. The fourth one is a struggle for mastery by two elements within the person (p. 123).

3. Core issues of Psychological Problems

Conflict obviously does not emerge without a cause. Usually a conflict happens because there is a situation where a person experience unwanted friction within oneself or even another object.

In order to understand how a conflict happens, it is important to identify what the triggering factors that emerge a conflict are. The identification of triggering factors can help readers to solve what is the main issue when a conflict rises.

Lois Tyson (2011) mentioned several core issues in his book titled Using Critical

Theory, that these core issues are considered only if they are responsible for most of the emotional difficulties one has as an adult (p. 84).

The types of core issues or core conflicts are:

a. Low self esteem

Low self-esteem is the unwarranted belief that we are less worthy than other

human beings and therefore, do not deserve attention, love or any form of

life’s rewards (p. 84).

b. Insecure or unstable sense of self love

Insecure is the inability to recognize oneself identity thus it creates the

vulnerability to the influence of others within a person. For an instance, a

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person will be more exposed to the tendency of changing looks or behave as

one has involved in a different individuals or groups (p. 84).

c. Fear of abandonment

Fear of abandonment is the unwarranted nagging belief that social groups and

loved ones are going to desert oneself (physical abandonment) or don’t really

care about us (emotional abandonment) (p. 84).

d. Fear of intimacy

Fear of intimacy has the barrier to keep a person unable to making friends or

fall in love. Fear of intimacy has the overpowering feeling that emotional

closeness will seriously damage oneself thus a person has to protect

him/herself (p. 85).

e. Oedipus fixation

An Oedipus fixation is a dysfunctional bond with a parent of the opposite sex

that do not outgrow and that does not permit oneself to mature into adult

relationship with others (p. 85).

4. The Id, Ego, Superego

In Feist and Feist’s book The Theory of Personality, as quoted by Feist and Feist,

Freud introduced three component of the mind according to their function or purposes

(2005, p.27). The first one is the Id. This component has become the most natural one because every human born with the id. The id mostly drove self to be more impetuous.

When the id becomes uncontrollably impulsive, it has a tendency to harm the human.

Feist and Feist stated that, “the id has no contact with reality, yet it strives constantly

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to reduce tensions by satisfying basic desires. As the sole function is to seek pleasure, it is said that the id serves the pleasure principle,” (2005, p.27). The id serves as the most basic instinct which needs to be satisfied.

The second one is the Ego. The ego is driven by the reality principle. It tries to fulfill the impulsive needs of the id in more acceptable ways in the reality. (Feist &

Feist, 2006, p. 29). The ego works as a negotiator between the internal needs of the id and the external reality.

The third one is the superego. The superego creates the knowledge and sense of right or wrong within a person. It is act like guidelines to the behavior of a person.

According to Feist and Feist (2005), in Freudian psychology, the superego is guided by moralistic and idealistic principles.

5. The Defense Mechanism

Defense mechanism occurs when a person feels the pressure or anxiety to defend oneself because of a harmful situation. When one feels threatened, there are many kinds of self-defense that emerged to protect themselves. As stated below, the defense mechanism appears when the ego feels the need to protect itself from the impulse of the id. This theory will help the researcher to identify which kind of defense mechanism that portrays in the character of Barney Stinson.

According to Theories of Personality by Jess Feist and Gregory Feist (2005), there are seven types of defense mechanisms which three of them will be the most prominent in this study. The most mentioned defense mechanisms in this study are:

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a. Repression

Repression is a defense mechanism in which threatening id is repressed to

protect the ego. This defense mechanism acts as a disguise toward the original

form of impulses. Repression might cause several impacts for the id. The first

one is the id may remain unchanged in the unconscious level. The second one

is the id could force their way into unaltered form which cause a person to feel

more overwhelmed by the anxiety. The third one is the id may expressed in

displaced or distinguished forms in order to stop the anxiety (p. 35) b. Projection

Projection serves when an internal impulse provokes too much anxiety, the ego

may reduce the anxiety by attributing those negative impulse towards external

object (p.35). Another definition of projection is also provide by Tyson in Using

Critical Theory, he stated that a person is projecting when he/she believes,

without real cause that someone else has the problems that he/she has tried to

deny, then he/she can attack someone else to have the problem in order to prove

that he/she does not have it (p. 84). c. Displacement

Displacement can emerge when one’s unwanted impulse being redirect towards

another thing which can be a variety of people or any object in order to conceal

the real feelings (Feist & Feist, 2005, p.35). When a person is displacing when

he/she takes out his/her negative feelings about one person on someone else so

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that he/she can relieve his/her pain or anger without becoming aware of the real

cause of his/her repressed feelings (Tyson, 2011, p.84).

In their book, Feist and Feist also stated other four common defenses are:

d. Regression

Regression is known as a defense which happens when stress or anxiety strike a

person, the libido which had passed the developmental stage might revert back

(2005, p.37).

e. Sublimation

Sublimation is the repression of the genital aim of Eros by substituting a cultural

or social aim (2005, p.39).

f. Introjection

Introjection is a defense mechanism whereby people incorporate positive

qualities of another person into their own ego (2005, p.37).

g. Fixation

Fixation happens when an individual is going through psychologically growing

up but with the stress and anxiety, the ego might preserve a strategy to stay in

more comfortable stage (2005, p.37).

C. Theoretical Framework

This study is entitled “The Defense Mechanism Seen through Behaviors in The

Character of Barney Stinson from How I Met Your Mother”. The first analysis is the explanation of Barney Stinson characteristic using the theory of characterization.

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The theory of characterization is very useful for the researcher in order to identify the characteristic of object of the study.

The second analysis is to identify what types of conflict which happen in Barney

Stinson’s life using the conflict in literature theory. Meanwhile, the triggering issues are being analyzed by using the theory of core issues of psychological problems. The theory of core issues helps the researcher to determine what caused the conflicts which happen in the character of Barney Stinson

The ego, id and superego theory is applied to provide knowledge for the researcher to conclude the cause of a certain behavior from Barney Stinson’s mental images. Meanwhile, the theory of defense mechanism is used to determine whether the character shows a certain type of defense mechanism which Barney Stinson as the main character has. For the relevance of this study, the researcher only uses three types of defense mechanisms which are the most prominent in Barney Stinson’s character.

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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

A. Object of the Study

The object of this study is the character of Barney Stinson from a situational comedy or sitcom titled How I Met Your Mother. How I Met Your Mother is an

American sitcom which broadcasted from 2005 until 2014. This series ends well in 9 seasons after almost a decade. How I Met Your Mother is one of the successful TV series about romantic comedy. How I Met Your Mother was narrated by Ted Mosby who story telling about his journey on meeting “the mother” and also life lessons through his experiences. Ted also tells the story of his best friend including Barney.

In the TV shows, Barney Stinson is played by Neil Patrick Harris and this character has been known as a womanizer who uses tons of unique yet crazy tactics to sleep with every woman in New York City. Barney likes to bug into Ted’s and Marshall love’s life. He often portrays himself as anti-marriage persona because he thinks that sleeping with new girl every night is much more fun. In the series, Barney is known for a very narcissist person and he always feels good about himself in everything.

Barney did not know his biological father which makes him boast that his father was

Bob Barker, the host of The Price is Right, an American reality show.

The reason why the character of Barney Stinson has been an interesting object to be the main focus of this study is his problematic self, such as constantly lying and

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boasting, having trouble of managing his rage and his urge to be awesome all the time reflected in his acts in the show. Despite all the poor side of Barney, he has charming personalities such as his loyalty towards his best friends and his sweet gestures to help other.

In this study, the researcher used How I Met Your Mother scripts retrieved from www.springfieldspringfield.com specified only in several episodes as the primary resource. The selected episodes are useful as the data for the study because the researcher has benefits by watched all the episodes of How I Met Your Mother and also examined the character of Barney Stinson through scripts. However, by reading the scripts, in other episodes Barney’s behavior is not visible enough and only serves as a hint to show who Barney is. Meanwhile, in the selected episodes, the behaviors and personalities of Barney are more noticeable and also the most relatable to the study of defense mechanism through the observation of Barney’s behavior and personality from the TV series’ scripts. Thus, the selected episodes are the representative of Barney Stinson’s characteristic and behavior in general.

B. Approach of the Study

The approach of this study is psychoanalytic criticism. Psychoanalytic criticism is one of the approaches in literature which uses the psychoanalysis method by

Sigmund Freud to understand the behavior of a character in literary work. (Barry,

2009, p. 92)

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……..They fashion this material into something which can be represented in a dream, that is, into images, symbols and metaphor. Material has to be turned into this form of dreams, since dreams don’t say things, they show things. In this sense especially, as we have indicated, they are very like literature. Hence, become the interest of literary critics in Freudian methods of interpretation (Barry, 2009, p. 93).

Psychoanalytic criticism heavily used the method of interpretation to define the reasons of someone’s act. In his book Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory by Peter Barry (2009) sets an example of psychoanalytic criticism using Hamlet by William Shakespeare. In order to understand the reason why Hamlet delayed the killing of his uncle, the psychoanalytic approaches uses the theory of Oedipus complex. Hamlet hesitantly avenges his uncle because his uncle had already killed his father because Hamlet himself has the desire to dismiss his own father because Hamlet has his own repressed sexual desire toward his mother (p. 96).

The psychoanalytic theory will be useful to interpret the reason of one character’s particular behavior in literary work. This approach is suitable as the researcher mainly focuses on the triggering factors which cause a certain dysfunctional behavior in Barney Stinson character.

C. Method of the Study

The method of the study is a library research using several resources. The primary resources used in this study are the script of the selected episode on How I

Met Your Mother taken from www.springfieldspringfield.com. The scripts are useful to identify the characteristic of Barney Stinson. In order to ease the identification, the

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researcher used secondary resources from the TV series of How I Met Your Mother to watch the selected episode and then analyzes the character’s behavior towards certain situation.

In order to conduct the study, the researcher did some following steps. First, the researcher decided on the approach used on the topic in this study. As the focus of the study is the portrayal of the character’s particular behavior, the suitable approach is psychoanalysis approach. Secondly, the researcher formulated some questions to guide the writing. Thirdly, the researcher did some deeper reading on the scripts of

How I Met Your Mother specified on several episodes and was taken from the internet to understand the characteristic of the discussed character. The researcher also watched the selected episodes of the TV series as the secondary sources. Fourthly, the researcher used the theory of characterization from Christopher Russel Reaske to define Barney’s characteristic. Fifthly, after gaining the characteristic of Barney

Stinson, the researcher identified what conflicts which happened in his life using the conflict in fiction by C. Hugh Holman and William Harmon and the core issues of

Barney’s conflicts using core issues theory by Lois Tyson. Sixthly, the researcher identified the conflict in his life which caused several defense mechanisms and identified the defense mechanism using the defense mechanism theory by Sigmund

Freud as quoted in the book of Feist & Feist. Lastly, the researcher drew the conclusion of the study from the analysis.

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CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS

This thesis analyzes Barney’s Stinson defense mechanism which can be seen through his behaviors in the show. Barney Stinson is a character from How I Met

Your Mother TV series. Barney is best friend with Ted Mosby, Lily Aldrin, Marshall

Ericksen and Robin Scherbatsky. Barney came from a tough background. He had a broken childhood which he grew up not knowing who his father is. He lived with his mother and his gay black brother named James. Loretta never told Barney and James about their biological father. His childhood is filled with the memory of him asking about his father to his mom, but his mother refused to answer it.

Because of his childhood, Barney grew up and had some dysfunctional emotions within him. He always had to achieve something in order to feel alive. This urge caused him to sleep with new woman every night. Barney would also do unnecessary challenges such as slept with a 20 years old woman while talking like a dolphin or picked up a woman while dressing as an 80 years old man.

In an unpredictable way, Barney is a real best friend. He truly values his friendship with Ted, Lily, Marshall and Robin. For the guys, he always wants to be the best bro for Ted and Marshall in any occasions. As for the girls, he also cherishes

Lily and Robin and often help them both.

There are three parts of discussion in this chapter. Each section is the analysis to answer the problem formulation. The first section is to analyze the character of

Barney Stinson. The second section is to identify the conflicts and core issues in

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Barney’s life. The last section is to examine the defense mechanism which occurs in

Barney’s behavior.

A. The Characteristic of Barney Stinson

As a character, Barney has several significant characteristics which are noticeable in the show. Using the theory of characterization by Reaske (1966) in his book How to Analyze Drama, those characters can be distinguished with one and other because Barney has some unusual personalities, which make him a stand out character. Those significant characteristics are:

1. Boastful

Barney Stinson is boastful person. This personality can be seen in Barney as he likes to talk about himself and his awesome doings every time he hangs out with his best friends. For an instance, in the episode 15 season 1 titled Game Night, Lily was given a recording tape by a woman named Shannon. Barney was shocked and asked for the tape immediately. The tape was a recording of Barney singing and wishes for

Shannon to come back with him.

Flashback to the time Barney was still a teen adult, Shannon was Barney’s first girlfriend when they were twenties when Barney worked at the coffee shop. During their relationship, they promised to go to the peace corporation together. However, when the due date came for Barney and Shannon leave to Nicaragua, Shannon did not show up. Eventually, Shannon broke up with him and left him for another man. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

After almost a decade, Shannon showed up once again in Barney’s life. They finally had a closure and they slept together. Barney was so satisfied to find out that he lived an awesome life fills with money, suits and sex while Shannon is only a single mom. By using soliloquy method, it can be seen in the conversation below that

Barney was boasting about his life.

BARNEY. My life rocks! Money, suits and sex. These are tears of joy! I could be cooped up in some tiny apartment changing some brat's poopy diapers. But instead, I'm out in the world being awesome 24-7, 365! You let me dodge a bullet, Big Guy. Plus, here's the mini-cherry on top of the regular cherry on top of the sundae of awesomeness that is my life. After Shannon and I talked, I nailed her. LILY. Nope. BARNEY. Yeah. LILY. Sorry. Don't buy it. You're making it up. You're just trying to cover the fact that you actually had a profound moment of doubt about yourself and... Oh, my God. (Barney showed the video he and Shannon having sex) LILY. Ew, gross. Just stop it. BARNEY. Ladies, gentlemen... Ted. This has been a wonderful evening. I got great dirt on all you guys. I got Ted to tell the re-return. I finally nailed Shannon! Told her I'd call her tomorrow. Yeah, right. And I rediscovered just how awesomely awesome my life is. Peace out, hombres! (Game Night, 2006, p. 1)

Barney found out that after Shannon left him, she failed her relationship and end up becoming a single parent. He feels that his life is better because of the three things that matters for him in his speech, which are money, suits and sex. He boats about how he enjoys his life now to his friends.

Barney also likes to picture himself as an awesome human being. He is very confident about himself and often boasts about it to his friends. Another example of his boastful personality can be seen in episode 13 season 2 titled Columns. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

It starts when Barney and Robin found the naked painting of Marshall. They made fun of Marshall by hanging the painting at the bar. Lily asked him why they made fun of the painting. Later, Barney answered the contrary of what Lily thinks.

Barney actually admired the painting. He and Robin only joked about the naked

Marshall. Barney then asked Lily to paint him naked because he is so confident about his body.

BARNEY. Paint me. LILY. Okay, I don’t get this. You’ve been making fun of that painting all this time and now you want me to paint you? BARNEY. We knew we could torture Marshall because he has the shame. I do not. In my body, where the shame gland should be, there’s a second awesome gland. True story. (Columns, 2007, p. 1)

Once again, the boastful personality seen through soliloquy method when

Barney told Lily that his body has awesome gland. In this section can be identify that

Barney is proud of his body. He boasted about his body to lily and asked her to paint him nude.

LILY. Okay, let’s get it over with. BARNEY. Hey, hey! I don’t want you to phoning this in. this painting could, someday, become a serious work of art. I mean, you have been blessed with an amazing gift. LILY. Aww, thank you. BARNEY. I mean me. (Columns, 2007, p. 1)

In the conversation above, Barney talks about himself in a very prideful way when he sees himself as a blessing for Lily because his nude art can be a serious work PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

of art. His boastful personality shows through as he keeps convincing Lily that she paints him naked, the nude art will someday be an admirable artwork.

2. Fear of Emotional Closeness

Barney always has a difficult time in expressing his feelings. The 1st episode season 4 titled Do I Know You?, in the series will show one of Barney’s personalities.

The conversation below stated that Barney actually wants to be Robin’s boyfriend.

He is afraid to tell her his feelings because he denies the truth that he wants a commitment with Robin.

LILY. You love her? Barney, how can you be in love, and still be sleeping with anything that moves? BARNEY. I'm sorry, I don't follow you. That's like saying, "How can an ant carry "20 times its body weight, but root beer floats are still delicious?" Are the two even related? Really? LILY. Barney, you're going to have to stop screwing around if you want to be Robin's boyfriend. BARNEY. Boyfriend? I don't want to be Robin's boyfriend. LILY. Well, what do you want, then? BARNEY. I don't know. I just want to be with her. All the time. I want to hear about her day and tell her about mine. I want to hold her hand and smell her hair. But I don't want to be her stupid boyfriend (snorted). (Do I Know You?, 2009, p. 1)

Analyzing through the language he used, it is a proof that his fear of emotional closeness becomes stronger as at the end his mind chose differently from his heart.

When he told Lily what he wants, Barney opened up what his heart desire, and then at the end of his speech, he rejected the idea of being Robin’s boyfriend, while actually he has no idea that he truly wants that. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

LILY. Damn it, Barney. I mean, for the last time, you can't... you can't be in love with Robin and still be sleeping with every bimbo (girls) on the planet. You have to choose right now. BARNEY. I choose bimbos. LILY. What? BARNEY. Bimbos make me happy. Bimbos make me feel alive. Bimbos make me want to pretend to be a better man. This whole thing with Robin was just a fling, but at the end of the day, my heart belongs to bimbos. (Do I Know You?, 2009, p. 1)

In this section, his fear of emotional closeness can be concluded through

Barney’s speech through soliloquy method. The conversation above stated that

Barney refuses the idea of being with Robin. He chooses to be with bimbos, which commonly known as an attractive but empty headed young woman. His fear has become his obstacles to get closer to the woman that he loves and chooses differently from what his heart wants.

3. Cunning

In How I Met Your Mother, Barney is known as a womanizer. As he loves to sleep with new woman every night, he has to pick up girls by using different process.

Barney has a lot of crazy ways and cunningly uses some tricks to seduce women by playing some acts. He then compacts all of those acts in a book called The Playbook.

The Playbook is a book that compiles every ways, every ploys, every guises which

Barney uses to get women to be in bed with him. This can be found in episode 8 season 5 titled The Playbook.

BARNEY. Lily, since I started dating Robin, there's a certain thing I haven't used as much as I would like to. It's kind of big, surprisingly heavy, kind of leathery, and it’s black. LILY. Huh? PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

BARNEY. This, my friends, is The Playbook. The Playbook contains every scam, con, hustle, hoodwink, gambit, flimflam, stratagem and bamboozle I've ever used, or ever hoped to use, to pick up chicks and give them the business. (The Playbook, 2009, p. 1)

Based on the character in action method, Barney starts to show through his speech that he is actually conducted every moves and tricks which he created to achieve his drives to sleep with women. This is an open step to look for Barney’s deeper personality that he is a clever person. However, he used his smart thinking in bad choices which makes him a cunning person. In the section below, Barney introduced the Playbook to his friends and let them know what the example of scam he used to sleep with women.

BARNEY. It's all in here. Everything from basic moves, like "The Don't Drink That. (Barney slaps a drink away from women hands), to more advance maneuvers, like "The Mrs. Stinsfire”. (Barney disguises himself as a new housekeeper lady in sorority girls’ house) MARSHALL. Wow! I can't picture a way that wouldn't work. LILY. What's "The Lorenzo Von Matterhorn"? BARNEY. I'm glad you asked. "The Lorenzo Von Matterhorn" will be my grand return to the stage. Or, you know, the bed. Actually, my bed is kind of on a stage. I put a platform underneath, I got some lights going. It's a real production. (The Playbook, 2009, p. 1)

Barney’s action shows his motivation to seduce women by using acts. This is the proof that shows Barney as a cunning man. He deceives women by acting some ploys. He is very clever to get women to sleep with him without having to force them.

He simply uses the moves he creates to seduce and deceit those women totake advantage of what he wants. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

4. Loyal

When it comes to his best friend, Barney is very kind and loyal. It can be seen

in episode 19 season 2 titled Bachelor Party. In the story, Marshall and Lily are

getting married. Ted as Marshall’s groomsman decided to throw him a well-

planned bachelor party. They invited other guy-friends to join the party. During

their trip to their first destination, Barney interfered the whole plan and they end up

in a hotel watching striptease. While the stripper danced, she accidentally broke her

ankle. Marshall and the guys had to bring her to the hospital. Marshall was mad

because his bachelor party was ruined because Barney forced his idea on to the

event. He accused Barney that he even did not want Marshall and Lily to get

married. But then, Lily revealed that Barney was the one who convinced her to

come back to Marshall and stayed in New York.

LILY. That's not true. BARNEY. Lily, don't. MARSHALL. What? (confused) LILY. I'm sorry, Barney. It happened last summer when we were broken up. BARNEY:…… Lily, you have to come home. You and Marshall belong together. The two of you have something that most people search their whole lives for and never find. I know you love him, and if you knew what he was going through right now, you wouldn't be here for one more second. I bought you a ticket home. Marshall is one of the best people I know, and it won't be long until someone else realizes that, and you'll lose him forever. I can't stand the thought of that happening, and I cannot keep stealing chicks from him forever. Never, ever tell anyone I was here. I will deny it tooth and nail. This trip never happened. (Bachelor Party, 2007, p. 1)

In this conversation Barney’s loyalty is describe through the dialog between characters. This can be seen in the section where Lily told the story how Barney flew PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

from New York to San Francisco only to make her and Marshall back together. This shows that Barney truly care about his best friend even though he does not show it frankly. Eventually his effort for Marshall and Lily come back with an amazing result, Marshall and Lily’s wedding.

He also proves his loyalty towards Robin in the episode 14 season 4 titled The

Possimpible. In the episode, Robin received a mail from the U.S embassy which that she will be deported back to Canada if she remains unemployed and could not find a job which suits her previous work in New York. Robin was so desperate until Barney showed his resume. Robin asked Barney if he could make her a new video resume and he agreed to help her.

ROBIN. What do you mean? BARNEY. I've finished your video resume myself. I posted it to all channels of the city. A guy called from Channel 8. He adores you. He wants you to pass an audition. ROBIN. My God! BARNEY. I said no. Robin Scherbatsky do not audition. He is given the job or anything. ROBIN. So, I have the job??? BARNEY. No. He cursed me and hung up. But after Channel 12, called. They'll love it too. They offer you to host their new talk show in the morning. ROBIN. It's amazing! BARNEY. I sent them down. ROBIN. Dude! BARNEY. They want you even more. So they increased their offer by 10%. Congratulations. Looks like you'll have to stay. (The Possimpible, 2009, p. 1)

In this section, his personality is described by the conversation between characters which engaged between him and Robin. The loyalty shows through the constant support Barney gave to Robin. Robin was so hopeless and ready to leave PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

New York, but then Barney came in and said that he already finished Robin’s resume and sent it to many TV channels in New York City. He even rejected several local TV who gave lower salary because he acknowledged the quality of Robin. Eventually

Robin landed on a job with high salary as a host to a morning show in local TV thanks to Barney.

In both of the conversation above, Barney’s character as a loyal person can be seen through the method of dialog between characters. Barney’s way to show him that he cares toward his best friend might be a little bit hard to be seen at first, but at the end Barney always manages to help his friends go through their bad or even worst moments.

B. The Conflict within Barney Stinson and Its Core Conflict

In the previous section, the researcher found four characteristics of Barney which are boastful, fear of emotional closeness, cunning and loyal. The researcher has arguments that these characteristics are in a way influencing Barney and creating conflicts within him.

As the conflicts in literature are divided into external and internal, however both conflicts have the possibility to influence each other. When an external conflict happens, it is possible to affect another conflict inside a character and vice versa.

Those conflicts can be seen in the character of Barney Stinson, when he faces several problems in the How I Met Your Mother.

For examples, Barney’s boastful personality in an obvious way influence how he copes with conflicts. Later, the conflict in his life happened because he always has PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

the tendency to boast about his life and when the things did not happen as he expected, he becomes insecure.

Hence, it is obvious that Barney has several conflicts during his lifetime. His characteristics often influence him to cope with problems which then cause the issues in his life. Moreover, there are several conflicts found in Barney Stinson which derived into two divisions which are external and internal conflicts and also the core of his conflicts in the further discussion below.

1. External conflict

The external conflict serves as a conflict which happens outside oneself. It can be the conflict between one environment or situation or other object. Barney Stinson has several external conflicts which are: a. Barney against His Family

The conflict which happens between Barney and his family is mostly about the father. Loretta, Barney’s mom often told Barney and his brother James lies about their father. It can be seen in the series at episode 20, season 2 titled Showdown.

(Flashback, Barney's a kid and he's watching the Price is Right.) BARNEY. Mom, who's my dad? All the other kids at school know who their dad is. Who's mine? LORETTA. Oh, I don't know.” (she points at Bob Barker on TV). That guy. (Showdown, 2007, p. 1)

As Barney grew up, he still believes the lies, but eventually, deep down inside his heart he knows that Bob Barker is not his father. The conflict between Barney and

Loretta happens in the episode 2 season 6 titled Cleaning House. It all started when PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

James found an envelope with an address to a man named Sam Gibbs. There was a photo of little Barney and James inside the envelope. Behind the photo was written

“your son”. James then asked Loretta who is Sam Gibbs.

JAMES. If this picture was taken in North Dakota, then why is our old swing set in the background? LORETTA. I don't know! I did my best as a single parent, and it wasn't always easy, and I'd recommend putting the coleslaw right on top of the Sloppy Joe, because it's delicious that way! (Cleaning House, 2010, p. 1)

Loretta was upset and left the conversation. James urged to find who Sam

Gibbs is. The argument starts when Barney refused to search for Sam Gibbs because he still could not accept the truth that Sam Gibbs might be his father.

JAMES. Listen to me. There is no Yourson, North Dakota. Mom... And Sam Gibbs wasn't the mayor. He might be one of our fathers. BARNEY. Well, he's not my dad. My dad's Bob Barker. JAMES. Barney! You... You've got to stop living in these fairy tales that Mom told us! Bob Barker is not your father. Sam Gibbs might be, but Bob Barker is absolutely, unequivocally not your father. (Cleaning House, 2010, p. 1)

When they arrived at the house of Sam Gibbs, Barney confessed to James that he actually knows that Bob Barker is not his father.

JAMES. You ready for this? BARNEY. For what? I don't know who lives here, but it's not my dad. Wait. Wait. Please, stop. Just... just give me a second, okay? JAMES. I thought you said that he... BARNEY. Come on. I know Bob Barker's not really... you know. I'm not crazy. I just... I needed that. I know it may sound stupid, but I didn't always feel so great about myself growing up, and so having a celebrity dad made me PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

feel special. But you're right, James. It's time to let go of the fantasies. It's time to grow up. (Cleaning House, 2010, p. 1)

The conflict which happens between Barney and his family is the decision whether should or should not they search about who Sam Gibbs is. This conflict is caused by his insecurities about his identity that has no father. As it is relate to

Barney’s characteristic which has the frequent tendency to boast about his life, to grow up without an assurance about his father cause Barney to be insecure. Barney then believed the lies which Loretta told that Bob Barker is his father. It makes him feel more special than the other kid. As he and James fight about whether they have to see Sam Gibbs, the conflict happens because he has no confidence about himself who do not have the identity of his biological dad. He was also unready to meet Sam

Gibbs who has the possibility to be his father. b. Barney Against Jerome

In the episode 19 season 6 titled Legendaddy, Jerome Whittaker is introduced as

Barney’s biological father. Jerome finally met Barney in New York City after he received a letter from Barney. Barney, who always thinks that Jerome is a cool dad, could not accept the fact that Jerome was actually just a normal person in real life.

Marshall, Lily, Robin and Ted expressed an idea for Barney to know more about

Jerome, so he accepted the invitation from Jerome to meet his new family in Long

Island. Barney then met Jerome’s wife and his son Jerome Junior or usually called as PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

J.J. The conflict happens when Barney was trying to be one step ahead better in front of J.J who was only 11 years old at that time.

In the conversation below, by using the character in action method, it can be seen that Barney cunningly tried to deceive Jerome by accused J.J that he was the one who started the confrontation.

BARNEY. Uh, you don't strike meas the athletic type, Jayj. Dad, check it. Triceps. What gym do you go to? J.J. Fourth period? BARNEY. Sounds like you're having your fourth period. Am I right, Dad?! JEROME. Got him again. Umm that’s enough Barney BARNEY. Why? J.J. started it. What does J.J. even stand for anyway? Jerky...Jerkface? JEROME. J.J. stands for Jerome Jr. BARNEY. Jerome Jr...? Oh. He's... he's named after you. Excuse me. (Legenddaddy, 2011, p. 1)

Barney who was hurt by the fact J.J was named after Jerome, left the house and tried to take away the basketball hoop in Jerome’s backyard. He then confronted

Jerome with his anger.

BARNEY. J.J. gets a childhood, a dad, a real family and a basketball hoop?? No, no. I at least get the hoop. I'm taking it with me. JEROME. Please, just come down and talk to me. BARNEY. Why? Why should I? You're lame, okay? You're just some lame suburban dad. JEROME. Why does that make you so mad? BARNEY. Because if you were gonna be some lame suburban dad, why couldn't you have been that for me?!” (Legenddaddy, 2011, p. 1)

The conflict between Barney and Jerome is the thirty years of abandonment from a father to his son as what Jerome had done to Barney. The core conflict of this PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

issue is his fear of abandonment. The fear of abandonment has the nagging belief that our loved ones going to desert (physical abandonment) or do not really care about us

(emotional abandonment) (Tyson, Lois, 2011, p. 84), hence Barney is convinced that

Jerome does not care about him. He is furious by the fact that Jerome has neglected him physically and emotionally for thirty years of his life.

2. Internal Conflict

The internal conflict serves as a conflict which happens when two desires occurs within a person. This type of conflict causes each desire inside a person to fight to preserve the dominant impulses inside the character. In the TV series, Barney also faces internal conflicts within him. The internal conflicts which happen in

Barney Stinson are:

a. Barney against His Desire.

Barney often has problems when it comes to feelings. He often finds himself battle against what he really wants and what he is afraid to want. The example can be seen in episode 18 season 6 titled A Change of Heart. Barney was introduced to Nora and they decided to go on second date. Barney had to wear a heart monitor which was used to check his heart rate during his date with Nora. In their dinner, Nora told

Barney what she wants in life.

NORA. Um, Barney, what I'm about to say is going to sound a little weird, but I think I'm starting to like you, so I have to say it. BARNEY. Well, for what it's worth, I'm not easily shocked. Unless you dump water on me, 'cause I'll just... (Electrified) NORA. (Smiles) BARNEY. No. What is it? PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

NORA. I want to get married. I mean, not tonight, or even to you, necessarily. But that's what I want. And if that's going to scare you off, then I'd rather it scare you off now. I want a family, and I want to live in a little house with a garden and a tree for the kids to climb. And I want to go to sleep every night with the same person by my side, and wake up next to him in the morning every morning for the rest of our lives. Just thought you should know that. (A Change of Heart, 2011, p. 1)

Before Barney and Nora’s second date, Barney promised Lily that he will not lie to Nora. When Nora told him what she wants in her life, he said that he wanted exactly the same thing which is to get married, while in reality, he avoided any sort of commitment. When Barney finally encountered Nora to tell her the truth, she slapped him.

NORA. Here we are. I had a really great time tonight BARNEY. Yeah, me, too. NORA. Do you want to come upstairs? BARNEY. I'd love to.” (leans to kiss her) There's just one little thing and it probably doesn't matter, (kiss her again) but... I don't want to get married. I've been saying that all night just to get in your pants. (Nora slaps him) (A Change of Heart, 2011, p. 1)

As the hidden narration method applied, it can be seen one of Barney’s characteristic that he cunningness shows when Nora slapped him. It is an indicator that he had cunningly trying to deceive Nora into believing that he wants the same things as her and he confessed that he only wanted to have sex with Nora. However,

Barney actually denies his feelings for Nora because things seem to be getting more serious. The actual feelings of Barney can be found in his conversation with Lily. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

BARNEY. Okay. Lily, I'm sorry that I lied about wanting to settle down. LILY. No, that wasn't the lie. The lie was when you told Nora you were lying. Because you weren't. You want that stuff, Barney, I know you do. BARNEY. Okay. Maybe, eventually, I could settle down. 50 years from now, if I have like a Hefner thing going on with some really hot twins. But those twins won't even be born for another... 32 years. I mean... Nora's great. She's wonderful. But... LILY. What time was your dinner reservation? BARNEY. Last night? 8:30. LILY. What did his heart do at 8:30? THE CARDIOLOGIST. It... literally skipped a beat. LILY.Your heart's talking to you, Barney. Do you have the guts to listen to it. (A Change of Heart, 2011, p. 1)

Barney deals with a hard time when it comes to confess the true feelings he has.

The conflict within him is an internal conflict. As the theory of conflict defines that the internal conflict struggles more than one desires, it can be identified that Barney has issues in him.

Barney actually wants the same thing as Nora which is to settle down, but he does not want to admit that he likes Nora more than he imagine. These two desires are opposing each other which cause a conflict inside Barney.

The conflict which happens inside Barney is his desire to be or not be with

Nora. The core issue of this conflict is Barney’s fear of intimacy. Barney is afraid to plead his true feelings to Nora. It causes a misunderstanding because Barney said exactly the opposite of what his heart wants. When a person has a fear of intimacy, it can cause an emotional distance. Thus, Barney’s fear of intimacy has caused him to stop going deeper with Nora and they separate. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

b. Barney against His Insecurity

Even though Barney likes to boast about his legendary life, Barney is actually feeling insecure about himself. Insecurity occurs when a person feels his\herself lack of something. Barney faces the phase of dealing with insecurity and it can be seen in episode 17 in season 8 titled The Ashtray.

The story starts when Ted, Barney’s best friend received a message from The

Captain, a man whom his ex-wife was Ted’s ex-girlfriend. It makes him remembered there was a crazy story behind it.

TED. Yeah, and I think I know why. It has to do with the last time I saw him. It wait was, like, a year and a half ago. Oh, boy, that was a crazy story. BARNEY. (chuckling) Oh, boy, yeah. I remember. TED. You weren't there. BARNEY. Ted, bubbeleh. If you have a crazy story, I was there. That's just a law of the universe. (The Ashtray, 2013, p. 1)

Barney insisted that he was there when the crazy story happened even though he was not. The denial is the part of his insecurity. The core of this issue is because he wants to keep himself as a person who involves in an awesome moment. The most obvious part can be seen after Ted kept telling Barney that he was not present when

Ted and The Captain met.

TED. Barney, you weren't there. Why is it so important that you be part of this? BARNEY. Because crazy stories are my thing! You have architecture, Marshall has the law, Lily has art, Robin has pleasing me sexually. You all have a passion that drives you. Well, if I have a passion, it's taking life and turning it into a series of crazy stories. If you can do that without me, then I don't even know who I am anymore (looking down the table). (The Ashtray, 2013, p. 1) PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

During the time the story being retold by Ted, Barney faces internal conflicts within himself. He deals two kinds of struggle inside. The first struggle is the reality that he is not available at that moment and his internal desire is to be with his best friend every time a crazy story happens. These two struggles take place within him which caused him to have internal conflicts.

The conflict which emerges within Barney is his deeper desire to be involved in his best friend’s life. As one of his characteristic to be boastful, there is a certainty that he also likes to boast about the crazy adventure he had with his best friend. By looking at the case, the core issue of the conflict is his insecurity which uncovers from his statement above. He stated that all of his friends had their own passion, and he had one too. His passion was turning life into a series of crazy stories. Later,

Barney stated that if his friend can do it without him, he will face difficulties in recognizing himself. Barney is insecure when he is not present to make great stories in his friend’s lives. The insecurity causes Barney to lie about his existence in Ted’s story. When he kept lying to preserve his presence, Ted also kept refusing the idea, which causes Barney to reveal what he truly feels which can be identified as insecurity.

C. The Defense Mechanism in The Character of Barney Stinson

By examining the conflicts, the researcher found that the conflicts which

happen in Barney’s life has creates defense mechanism. These defense mechanisms

emerge because the ego inside Barney feels the urge to protect itself against the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

impulse which may cause unwanted accidents. Tyson states that many of defenses

develop during childhood as ways of protecting oneself emotionally (2011, p. 83).

In this thesis, the researcher will only discus three types of defense mechanism are discussed because they are the most prominent in the character of Barney Stinson and the cause of the defense mechanisms.

1. Repression

According to Feist and Feist, repression might occur when the impulse id is threatening the ego (2005, p. 35). This kind defense mechanism happens in Barney.

As in previous discussion, it is emphasis that Barney faced with a conflict against his family mostly about his biological father.

The conflict happened quite often when Barney was still a child. As his mother often lied to him about his father, it is undeniable that she also lied about other things.

The defense mechanism occurs when he repressed his memories back deep inside his mind and chose to believe what he wanted to believe. The experiences and memories on his childhood are mostly replaced by the lies from his mother. It can be seen in episode 2 season 6 titled Cleaning House.

LILY. Who was a cute little basketball player before he became the biggest pervert in the world? BARNEY. I loved Pee Wee basketball. Well, until they kicked me off the team I was so awesome, the coach asked me to quit because it wasn't fair to the other kids. MARSHALL. That sounds plausible. (hesitately) BARNEY. Hey. It's true. Tell him, James. (Barney leaves the room) JAMES. Oh, yeah, he had, like, a four-foot vertical leap. He would hit it from the outside, hit it from the inside. He sucked. Coach cut him from the team, and mom fed him that story so he'd feel better. (Cleaning House, 2010, p. 1) PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

In this episode, the story shows how Barney is excited and has flashbacks on his childhood memory on him being awesome in basketball but James explained that it was the lie his mother created. In this section, the ego of Barney was repressing

Barney’s desires to be a cool kid which prevent his feelings to get hurt, because in reality, Barney’s suck at basketball. Therefore, in order to preserve the ego, Barney chose to believe the lie Loretta tell him that he is too awesome for other kids to compete with.

Another repression also shows through the time Barney found love letters from all girls in class.

BARNEY. Ah... Valentines. The second base of third grade. I always got a Valentine from every single girl in my class. JAMES. Funny how all these girls have the exact same handwriting as the Postmaster General, Mom, and... home run king, Frank Aaron. BARNEY. Yeah, school girls... The more they ignore you, pretend to hate your guts, lock you in the coatroom over winter break, the more they secretly like you. (Cleaning House, 2010, p. 1)

In the section above, Barney’s id is repressed by the protection from the ego that actually those letters was entirely his mother’s handwriting. The id in this case was Barney’s desire to be a popular teenager among girls in his class and the reality principle tries to protect itself by believing the false truth. Barney failed to see that all of the letters’ handwriting is mostly the same, because it was Loretta’s. Barney repressed the factual truth back because he wants to preserve himself as popular kid during school. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

2. Projection

The second defense mechanism which occurs in Barney is projection.

Projection stands as a defense which portray someone else to have a problem that one’s actually has. (Tyson, 2011, p. 84). In the previous discussion about Barney’s conflict with his father, it can be seen that the conflict is about the thirty years of abandonment which Jerome did to Barney. Barney’s fear of abandonment causes himself to produce a defense mechanism and perform a projection to Jerome’s other son, J.J.

Projection happens in the episode 18 season 6 titled A Change of Heart. It starts when Barney was introduced to Jerome Junior, Jerome’s son. In the section below,

Barney was having a flashback to his childhood with Jerome.

JEROME. When I got your letter, I dug this up. You were probably too young to remember, but this is you, this is me, and, of course, ZZ Top. (shows him pictures) BARNEY. I do remember that. I climbed up on that dude's lap and told him what I wanted for Christmas. JEROME. Yeah, I used to love taking you backstage. You were the coolest little kid. (J.J enters the dining room) J.J. Hi, Barney. It's great to finally meet you. BARNEY. J.J., I'm talking to Dad right now. God. (Legenddaddy, 2011, p. 1)

Barney was annoyed by J.J who interrupts his nostalgic moment with Jerome.

As the dinner continues, Barney starts to portray projection in his behavior as he wants to be one step ahead from J.J.

BARNEY. Yeah, I do. I make a ton of money. How much do you make, J.J.? PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

J.J. (confused) I'm eleven. BARNEY. Oh, well, huh, now we all know you make excuses. I was talking about money. CHERRYL. Actually, J.J. has a job. Tell him, J.J. J.J. I got a paper route. BARNEY. (snorts) Good time to get into print media. Am I right, Dad? JEROME. Good slam, Barney. CHERRYL. Jerry. JEROME. It's all good fun. Just ribbing among long lost brothers. CHERRYL. J.J.'s a heck of a basketball player. BARNEY. Uh, you don't strike me as the athletic type, Jayj. Dad, check it. Triceps. What gym do you go to? J.J. Fourth period? BARNEY. Sounds like you're having your fourth period. Am I right, Dad?! JEROME. Got him again. Umm that’s enough Barney. BARNEY. Why? J.J. started it. (Legenddaddy, 2011, p. 1)

In the conversation above, through the dialogue between characters, Barney showed his cunningness by tried to deceive his father and make J.J appeared to be lame. Firstly, it can be seen when Barney tried to show that he have a high salary.

Secondly, he underestimated J.J’s job as a newspaper deliverer. Thirdly, he showed of his triceps and once again he made jokes about J.J having period or commonly known as a slang word for menstruation. He boasted about his life and compared it with J.J which is actually incomparable because J.J is only a kid.

By the definition of projection by Feist and Feist, projection serves when the ego tries to reduce the anxiety (p. 35). The argument starts when Barney unconsciously projects his problem toward J.J. He accused J.J as the one who starts PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

the cat fight between them. The internal impulse inside Barney, tries to reduce the anxiety within him by attributing it toward another object which in this case, is J.J.

In this case, the id as the internal impulse is Barney’s insecurity of feeling unwanted by Jerome, while the anxiety which he has is the fear of abandonment which cause him to projects it to other objects which is J.J. Barney unconsciously shows his feeling who wants to be better than J.J in front of Jerome. As the matter of fact, it is Barney who raises up his defenses. The projection emerges inside Barney because he does not want to admit he actually feeling jealous by the presence of J.J as another son of Jerome.

3. Displacement

Barney often battles with what he truly wants. In the previous discussion about his internal conflict between what he wants and what he fears to want, cause him to lose what he actually desire mainly cause by his fear of intimacy. His personality of fear of emotional closeness causes him to have a conflict within his heart and also creates a defense mechanism.

As Barney always denies about what he truly feels, it results in how Barney deals his own self. Barney’s ego defense mechanism also shows in how unstable he is in coping with his feelings.

It can be seen in the episode 12 season 4 titled Benefit. In this episode, the displacement mechanism occurs. According to Larry A. Hjelle and Daniel J. Ziegler

(1981) in their book Personality Theories: Basic Assumptions, Research and PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Application, displacement is the expression of an instinctual impulse is redirected from a more threatening person or object to less threatening one (p. 48).

Displacement serves when a person displaces its impulsive id toward something which is safer. This defense mechanism happens when Barney found out that two of his best friend, Ted and Robin slept together.

LILY. You two hooked up? ROBIN.. Thanks a lot, Marshall. BARNEY. So, wow. You two slept together. That is awf…(trying not to say awful) some. Awfsome. Nice work, Ted. Tap that. (Benefits, 2009, p. 1)

Barney, who was upset by the news, tried to conceal his true feelings and kept saying how awesome that Ted and Robin had sex again..

TED. And now that we're hooking up, we're not fighting anymore. Problem solved. Actually, the credit belongs to Barney. This whole idea came out of your thing about world peace (drinks beer). BARNEY. Yeah (hesitantly smile). TED. Thanks, Barney. You were right. Peace was achieved. BARNEY. Repeatedly. So I'm-I'm responsible for Excellent. Excellent. Excellent. Uh next round's on ME! (shout). (Benefits, 2009, p. 1)

Barney was unable to cope with the fact that Ted and Robin slept together again and he was the one who is responsible for the situation because of some theory he created. He started to feel the heat within himself. Barney was mad by the reality but he could not do anything about it. As Lily encountered him, he kept denying that he was hurt.

LILY. Are you okay? BARNEY. Yes. Why you ask? (wipe his tears). PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

LILY. For one thing, you cry openly. BARNEY. From joy. I am so happy for them (try to laugh). LILY. Barney, admit it. You always have feelings for Robin and it tortures you. BARNEY. I'm going quite well. Excuse me just a minute. (He goes out into the alley behind the bar, looks around, takes a television in a garbage bin and smashes it down. Then back to bar) I'm going quite well. LILY. You must learn to express your feelings. Perhaps you should see a psychiatrist. (Benefits, 2009, p. 1)

In this section, it can be seen that Barney kept on rejecting fact that he was hurt by the reality. When displacement emerges, people can redirect their unacceptable urges onto a variety of people or objects so that the original impulse is disguise or concealed (Feist & Feist, 2005, p. 37).

In this case, Barney’s id is his anger toward his best friend, Ted. In the conversation above, Barney expresses his anger by smashing TV outside the bar as the less threatening object as a way to release his madness. Define by the character in action method, Barney’s loyalty to Ted and Robin can be seen how he reversed his anger to another substitute. As his ego understands that he should not let his anger affects their friendship, in order to release the drives by the id in a more acceptable way, the ego creates a defense mechanism called displacement. Barney throws his anger toward another object because he values his friendship with Ted and he conceals his true feelings by keep on saying how awesome that Ted has slept with

Robin. This kind of behavior portrays the displacement mechanism in Barney’s ego. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

As the title of this study, this thesis examines the character of Barney Stinson using the psychoanalytic approach to analyze its character and later identify the conflicts and defense mechanisms.

The first conclusion is there are four kinds of characteristic of Barney Stinson.

The use characterization theory helps the researcher to find that Barney Stinson is a boastful person, fear of emotional closeness, cunning and loyal. These characteristics aims to the causes of his conflicts.

The second conclusion is the conflicts which happen in Barney’s life. Barney faces several conflicts during his lifetime. According to the theory of conflict in fiction, there are internal conflicts and external conflicts which are caused by some triggering factors. The triggering factors are being analyzed with the core issues theory. The external conflicts happen between Barney and his family. Barney is constantly being lied by his mother during his childhood. The effects cause him to have a friction with his brother James when it comes to the decision whether they go to see their real father or not. The core conflict of his struggle is because of his insecurity. Barney wants to have a celebrity father in order to make he feel more special than the other kids in school. Another external conflict happens when Barney meet his biological father, Jerome. He is hurt by the fact Jerome has neglected him

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

almost three decades of his life and lived happily with his new family. The core of this conflict is his fear of abandonment. His fear of abandonment affects him during his life because he receives the feeling of being unloved and neglected. The internal conflicts happen within Barney when he has the desire to be with Nora but once again, he tells that he did not want the happiness which is the contrary. The core issue of this conflict inside him is his fear of intimacy and it causes him to take a distance with Nora because he actually loves Nora. The second internal conflicts which happen is Barney against his insecurity which is caused by his own insecurity. All of

Barney’s conflicts produce defense mechanism within him.

The last conclusion is the defense mechanisms which happen in Barney Stinson character. The use of ego defense mechanism by Sigmund Freud helps the researcher to find the defense in the character of Barney Stinson. The first defense mechanism which occurs is repression. Barney repressed most of his uncomfortable childhood memories and believes all the lies which his mother create in order to protect himself.

The second defense mechanism is projection. The projection occurs when he is defensive because he wants to feel better than Jerome’s other son and the fact that he is jealous that J.J received better childhood than him. Thus, Barney projects his jealousy to J.J. The third defense is displacement. This defense emerges because

Barney could not cope with the reality that Ted once again has sex with Robin. The displacement of Barney’s anger towards Ted is by smashing TV as another less threatening object. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

REFERENCES

Abrams, M.H & Geoffrey Galt Harpham. (2012). A Glossary of Literary Terms 10TH ed). Boston: Wadsworth.

Barry, Peter. (2002). Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory. Manchester University Press. B, Vidhya & Dr. A. Arjunan. (2015). Characterisation - An Intrinsic Aspect of Dramatic Text. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR- JHSS). 20(3), 76. Retrived from http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr- jhss/papers/Vol20-issue3/Version-3/L020337678.pdf

Bhatia,M.S. (2002). Dictionary of Psychology and Allied Science. New Age International (P) Ltd, Publishers.

Feist, Jess & Gregory J.Feist. Theories of Personality (6th ed). (2005). McGraw- Hill Higher Education.

Gajanan, Mahita. (2015). “Young women on Instagram and self-esteem: 'I absolutely feel insecure.” Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/nov/04/instagram-young-women- self-esteem-essena-oneill

Grider, Danielle. (2013). “Barnabus “BARNEY” Stinson: A Legend… Wait For It.. Dary but Brief Character Analysis”. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/8495919/Barney_Stinson_Psychological_Perspectiv e

Hjelle, Larry A and Daniel J. Ziegler (1981). Personality Theories. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Holman, C.Hugh and William Harmon (1995). A Handbook to Literature. Prentice Hall.

How I Met Your Mother Episode Scripts. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.springfieldspringfield.co.uk/episode_scripts.php?tv-show=how-i- met-your-mother

How I Met Your Mother Transcripts Index. (2018). Retrieved from http://transcripts.foreverdreaming.org/viewforum.php?f=177

Reaske, Christopher Russel. (1979) How to Analyze Drama. New York: Monarch Press.

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Santika, Theresia Ayu. (2017). “Ego Defense Mechanism of The Stranger in Paul Coelho’s The Devil and Miss Prymm”. (Undergraduate Thesis), Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta.

Soge, Fransiskus Xaveria Kia Wisang. (2012). “Self Defense Mechanism- Reaction toward Pressure of Laura Wingfield Character as seen in Tennessee Williams: The Glass Menagerie”. (Undergraduate Thesis), Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta.

Stanton, Robert. (1965). Introduction to Fiction. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Tyson, Lois. (2011). Using Critical Theory. New York: Routledge.

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APPENDICES

Summary of Barney Stinson’s Life in How I Met Your Mother

Barney Stinson is a unique character in the TV series How I Met Your Mother.

Barney Stinson character was played by Neil Patrick Harris and soon it became an iconic character. The character of Barney Stinson was memorable. He often appeared as a womanizer who used tricks to sleep with women. He liked to teach his best friend Ted Mosby and Marshall Ericksen ways to live life with his own ideology.

Although he might seem to lack of morality because of his mannerism of treating women as he likes, he was actually a very loyal to people he truly cares about.

Barney used to live his childhood with his mother, Lorreta and his black brother, James. He and James often asked about their biological father whom is unknown. Loretta always tried to avoid the conversation by tell lies to both of them.

As an adult Barney grew up to has some fear of intimacy and abandonment issues because of his childhood.

After a while, Barney finally knew who his father is. He called his dad and they meet. Barney did not expect his father to be lame so he decided to never keep in touch with him, but his friends asked him to meet him once again. Barney then went to Long Island to meet Jerome’s family. He met Jerome’s 11 years old son named J.J

Barney immediately showed his childish side against J.J. He also found out that J.J name stands for Jerome Junior, which hurt his feelings. Barney left the house.

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

Although Barney had several issues in his life, he was a sincere friend to his best friends. Barney always managed to help his friends to find a job. He helped

Robin once to deal with a morning show as a host after the possibility of her getting deported because she had been unemployed for months.

He was also very caring to his best friend Ted. When he finds out that Ted was sleeping with Robin, he could not express his anger and chose to smash TVs outside the bar. He cherished his friendship with Ted so much that he could not even express his own feeling in front of his best friend.

As Barney had the fear of intimacy, he always avoided the idea of commitment and marriage. He always made fun of Lily and Marshall about their marriage. Despite of that, he was actually really supported the relationship of Lily and

Marshall. When Lily and Marshall broke up, Lily left Marshall to pursue her dream as a painter to San Fransisco. Marshall who was heartbroken at that time, kept crying over Lily. Barney left and fly to San Fransisco to meet Lily, and he asked her to come back to New York and gave Lily an airplane ticket to fly back home.

Despite his fear of commitment, Barney had several girlfriends. Barney was in love with Robin but he rejected the idea of being Robin’s boyfriend because he did not have the courage to tell her his feelings. After a while, Robin found out that

Barney was in love with her and she tried to make him to avoid her by saying “I love you”. Later, Barney found out that Robin only confessed to make him realized that he

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

was not in love, but after a fight they finally realized that they love each other. The relationship only lasts a while.

Barney also liked a girl named Nora, he aske her to go on a date with her.

Nora is a very beautiful and intelligent woman whom Barney was charmed by her beauty. On their second date, Nora told Barney what she wants in her life. She wanted marriage, kids and houses and many more. Barney told her that he wanted exactly the same. Later, he told Nora that he was lying because he wanted to have sex with her which resulted in Nora slaps him.

After a while Barney did involve in several relationships before he eventually declared his love to Robin and they got married. The relationship only lasts for three years and they divorced. He continued his life living as a single man in New York

City who sleeps with new woman every night. One day, he accidentally got a woman pregnant which resulted him to have a child. At the end he lived his life happily as a father of a girl named Ellie.