Ars & Humanitas

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Ars & Humanitas ARS & HUMANITAS Revija za umetnost in humanistiko / Journal of Arts and Humanities revija za umetnost in humanistiko XIV/1 V/1-2 Prepričevalna moč sodobnega političnega in medijskega diskurza Persuasion in contemporary political and media discourse 2020 2010 AH_2020_1_FINAL.indd 1 29. 06. 2020 09:21:43 Ars 5.indb 1 20.12.2010 19:01:22 ARS & HUMANITAS Revija za umetnost in humanistiko / Journal of Arts and Humanities Založila / Published by Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani / Ljubljana University Press, Faculty of Arts Za založbo / For the Publisher Roman Kuhar, dekan Filozofske fakultete / the Dean of the Faculty of Arts Glavni urednici / Editors-in-Chief Branka Kalenić Ramšak, Florence Gacoin-Marks Urednici tematskega sklopa / Thematic section was edited by Katja Plemenitaš, Tatjana Marvin Uredniški odbor / Editorial Board Milica Antić Gaber, Tine Germ, Florence Gacoin-Marks, Branka Kalenić Ramšak, Marko Marinčič, Jasmina Markič, Tatjana Marvin, Vanesa Matajc, Janez Mlinar, Borut Ošlaj, Blaž Podlesnik, Boštjan Rogelj, Irena Samide, Peter Simonič, Maja Šabec, Matej Šekli, Nataša Vampelj Suhadolnik, Rebeka Vidrih, Špela Virant, Alojzija Zupan Sosič Mednarodni svetovalni odbor / International Advisory Board Tomás Albaladejo (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Jochen Bonz (Bremen), Danielle Buschinger (Université de Picardie), Parul Dave-Mukherji (New Delhi), Thomas Fillitz (Dunaj), Karl Galinsky (Univ. of Texas), Douglas Lewis (Washington), Helmut Loos (Leipzig), Bożena Tokarz (Katowice), Johannes Grabmayer (Celovec), Mike Verloo (Nijmegen) Oblikovna zasnova / Graphic design Jana Kuharič Prelom / Type setting Jure Preglau Jezikovni pregled / Language Editing Rok Janežič, Paul Steed Tisk / Printed by Birografika Bori d.o.o. Naklada / Number of copies printed Tisk na zahtevo / Print on demand Cena / Price 12 EUR Naslov uredništva / Address Filozofska fakulteta Univerze v Ljubljani Aškerčeva 2 SI–1000 Ljubljana Tel. / Phone: + 386 1 241 1406 Fax: + 386 1 241 1211 E-mail: [email protected] http://revije.ff.uni-lj.si/arshumanitas Revija izhaja s finančno podporo Javne agencije za raziskovalno dejavnost RS / The journal is published with support from Slovenian Research Agency. To delo je ponujeno pod licenco Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva-Deljenje pod enakimi pogoji 4.0 Mednarodna licenca / This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. AH_2020_1_FINAL.indd 2 29. 06. 2020 09:21:43 ARS & HUMANITAS / VSEBINA / CONTENTS Kazalo Katja Plemenitaš, Tatjana Marvin Prepričevalna moč sodobnega političnega in medijskega diskurza / Persuasion in contemporary political and media discourse 5 Študije / Studies Tomaž Onič, Nastja Prajnč Kacijan Repetition as a means of verbal and psychological violence in interrogation scenes from contemporary drama 13 John Stubbs Contemporary British satire and the problem of Jonathan Swift’s personae 27 Ghada A. Mohammad, Wafaa A. Abdulaali Mahmoud Darwish and Tanure Ojaide: Poets of exilic consciousness and representatives of oppressed nations 41 Waheed A. Bamigbade, Lawan Dalha Nigeria’s 2019 electioneering discourse: Strategies for delegitimizing political opponents on social media 55 Nina Gorenc Political communication in post-truth society: The case of the 2016 US election 73 Suzana Jurin, Daniela Kružić Cognitive framing through political catchwords – A short assessment of Croatian media neutrality 89 Maiken Ana Kores Powerful posters – A multimodal analysis of Slovenia’s 2018 parliamentary elections 105 Nadine Rentel Persuasive communication on the Facebook account of the “Alternative für Deutschland” Saxony An example of political populism 125 3 AH_2020_1_FINAL.indd 3 29. 06. 2020 09:21:44 ARS & HUMANITAS / VSEBINA / CONTENTS Katja Plemenitaš Framing violence in presidential discourse: A study of Barack Obama’s speeches 139 Ana Zwitter Vitez Le discours politique et l’expression de l’opinion sur Twitter : analyse syntaxique, lexicale et orthographique 157 Agata Križan The persuasive mechanism of monoglossic propositions in advertisments 171 Aleš Čakalić Ideologija v novejšem srbskem in hrvaškem filmu 187 Dragan Potočnik Islam v imaginaciji Zahoda in pouk zgodovine 201 Elsa Skënderi Rakipllari A framing analysis of the debate about waste imports in Albania 215 Varia / Varia Nataša Kavčič The indulgence letter for the monastery of Kostanjevica (1347, November 6): A case study with notes on the process of making illuminated indulgence letters 233 Irena Selišnik Politične moškosti na Kranjskem v 19 stoletju 253 Alojzija Zupan Sosič Nietzsche in Cankar 269 Recenzije / Reviews Cvetka Hedžet Tóth Primož Repar: Dar osebe: Kocbek, Gosar, Krek – Via Nova pravda 287 4 AH_2020_1_FINAL.indd 4 29. 06. 2020 09:21:44 Katja Plemenitaš, tatjana marvin / PrePričevalna moč sodobnega Političnega in medijsKega disKurza Katja Plemenitaš, Tatjana Marvin Prepričevalna moč sodobnega političnega in medijskega diskurza Današnji čas je prinesel pomembne spremembe v načinu, kako komuniciramo drug z drugim. Tehnološki napredek in razmah družbenih medijev sta vplivala tako na in- formativne medije kot na sodobni politični prostor, kar ima pomembne posledice za politični govor. Vloga družbenih medijev v politični komunikaciji se je povečala, saj politiki čedalje bolj neposredno komunicirajo z javnostjo brez posredništva tradicio- nalnih medijev. Poleg tega je čedalje bolj pod vprašajem nevtralnost osrednjih medijev pri poročanju, saj so vedno bolj odvisni od oglaševanja in tako pod posrednim ali neposrednim vplivom različnih korporativnih ali državnih sponzorjev. Tako smo se znašli v času, ko vse več ljudi informacije pridobi v družbenih medijih, medtem ko so izrazi dezinformacija, lažne novice, postresničnost, sovražni govor in teorije zarote postali vsakdanji del govora. V novem javnem prostoru komunikacije se pogosto zgo- di, da je to, kar kdo dojema kot teorijo zarote, za koga drugega resničnost, da so to, kar kdo dojema kot dejstva, za koga drugega lažne novice, in da je to, kar kdo dojema kot sovražni govor, za koga drugega svoboda govora. George Orwell (1946) je v eseju Politika in angleški jezik pisal o siromašenju jezika, pri čemer je mislil zlasti na to, kako so v angleškem jeziku postale velike besede, kot so demokracija, svoboda, realnost, pravičnost, totalitarnost, progresivnost itd., pomensko izpraznjene, pogosto uporabljene s spremenljivimi pomeni z zavestnim namenom za- vajanja. Njegova opažanja o jeziku še vedno odzvanjajo v sedanjosti, zlasti v kontekstu sodobnega političnega diskurza, kjer se zdi, da se koncepti, kot so propaganda, odnosi z javnostjo in jezik prepričevanja, zlivajo v en sam koncept, ki vključuje manipulacijo. Piers Robinson in njegovi sodelavci (2018), ki se ukvarjajo z raziskovanjem organizira- ne komunikacije prepričevanja, razlikujejo med propagandno obliko prepričevanja, ki temelji na zavajanju, spodbudi ali prisili, in prepričevanjem, ki temelji na konsenzu in vključuje vse ustrezne informacije, ki omogočajo sprejemanje racionalnih in na podat- kih utemeljenih odločitev. To razlikovanje kaže na problem, kako omogočiti in urediti takšne oblike komu- nikacije prepričevanja, ki temeljijo na prostem pretoku informacij v sodobnih medijih, zlasti na platformah, ki jih ustvarjajo največji ponudniki družbenih medijev. Te plat- forme so predstavljene kot univerzalni javni prostor komunikacije, vendar so dejansko zasebne družbe, ki v prvi vrsti stremijo k dobičku in so zavezane zakonodaji svojih držav. DOI:10.4312/ars.14.1.5-9 5 AH_2020_1_FINAL.indd 5 29. 06. 2020 09:21:44 Katja Plemenitaš, tatjana marvin / PrePričevalna moč sodobnega Političnega in medijsKega disKurza Lahkotnost globalne komunikacije na teh platformah tako odpira pomembna vprašanja sodobne komunikacije: kdo odloča, kaj je resnica, in kdo naj sme govoriti, pa tudi kako svobodo izražanja različnih stališč uskladiti z bojem proti škodi, ki jo lahko povzročijo dezinformacije ali sovražni govor. Glede na vsa zastavljena vprašanja je pomembno, da strokovnjaki z različnih področij in z različnimi teoretskimi ozadji ponovno preučijo različne vidike diskur- za prepričevanja ter tako osvetlijo njegove lastnosti in načine, kako se ideologije iz različnih obdobij odražajo v jeziku medijev in politike. Pričujoča številka revije Ars & Humanitas ponuja 14 prispevkov domačih in mednarodnih avtorjev o diskurzu prepričevanja z različnih področij humanistike in družbenih ved, vključujoč litera- turo, politično komunikacijo, retoriko, oglaševanje, družbene medije, didaktiko in filmske študije. Prvi tematski sklop vključuje prispevke, ki se povezujejo z literarnimi deli. Članek Tomaža Oniča in Nastje Prajnč Kacijan analizira ponavljanje kot sredstvo verbalnega in psihološkega nasilja v scenah zasliševanj v Milerjevih, Pinterjevih in Jančarjevih dramah. John Stubbs v svojem članku obravnava sodobno britansko satiro v povezavi s književno persono Jonathana Swifta. Wafaa A. Abdulaali in Ghada A. Mohammad se osredotočata na zavest o izgnanstvu v poeziji palestinskega pesnika Mahmouda Darwisha in nigerijskega pesnika Tanureja Ojaideja. V drugem sklopu so prispevki, ki obravnavajo politični diskurz v povezavi z vo- litvami, politično retoriko in diskurz na tviterju. Waheed A. Bamigbade in Lawan Dalha osvetljujeta strategije delegitimiranja v diskurzu družbenih medijev v poveza- vi z volitvami v Nigeriji leta 2019. Nina Gorenc obravnava pojem postresničnostne družbe v povezavi s politično komunikacijo predsedniških volitev v ZDA leta 2016. Suzana Jurin in Daniela Kružić
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