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Treaty 8 First Nations (T8fns) Community Assessment Team

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Treaty 8 First Nations (T8fns) Community Assessment Team Treaty 8 First Nations (T8FNs) Community Assessment Team Telling a Story of Change the Dane-zaa Way A Baseline Community Profile of: -Doig River First Nation -Halfway River First Nation -Prophet River First Nation -West Moberly First Nations November 27, 2012 Submitted to BC Hydro as part of the Site C Environmental Assessment Treaty 8 First Nations Baseline Community Profile Report Telling a Story of Change the Dane-zaa Way: A Baseline Community Profile of Four Treaty 8 First Nations -Doig River First Nation -Halfway River First Nation -Prophet River First Nation -West Moberly First Nations Submitted by the Treaty 8 Environmental Assessment Team to BC Hydro for the Site C Environmental Assessment Disclaimer The information contained in this report is based on primary research conducted by The T8FNs Community Assessment Team in 2012, as well as information from published works and archival research. It reflects the understanding of the authors as generated within time and funding constraints, and is not a complete depiction of the dynamic and living system of use and knowledge maintained by T8FNs elders and members. The information contained herein should not be construed as to define, limit or otherwise constrain the Treaty and aboriginal rights of any of the above-listed First Nations or other First Nations or aboriginal peoples. Authored by: The Treaty 8 First Nations (T8FNs) Community Assessment Team and The Firelight Group Research Cooperative On behalf of: The Treaty 8 First Nations of Doig River, Halfway River, Prophet River and West Moberly Submitted to: BC Hydro November 27, 2012 i Treaty 8 First Nations Community Assessment Team November 27, 2012 Treaty 8 First Nations Baseline Community Profile Report Table of Contents PREAMBLE: A TRIP ALONG THE PEACE RIVER VALLEY ........................................................ vi 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................... 1 1.2 The Site C Project ................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Purpose of the Study ............................................................................................ 5 1.4 Scope of the Baseline Community Profile .......................................................... 5 1.5 Layout of the Report .......................................................................................... 13 1.6 Limitations of the Study .................................................................................... 14 1.7 Authorship and acknowledgements ................................................................. 15 2 Methodology .............................................................................................................. 16 2.1 Scoping ................................................................................................................ 16 2.2 Secondary Data Collection and Information Sources ...................................... 16 2.3 Primary Data Collection ..................................................................................... 17 2.4 Data Collation and Analysis ............................................................................... 21 2.5 Analytical Framework ....................................................................................... 22 3 Way of Life, Values and Worldview of the T8FNS .................................................. 25 3.1 The Dane-zaa Way of Life .................................................................................. 25 3.2 Being Dane-zaa – Worldview ............................................................................ 29 3.3 Dane-zaa Values ................................................................................................. 37 3.4 Key Indicators of Well-being – what is the good life for Dane-zaa? .............. 46 4 History and Change for the T8FNs ........................................................................... 51 4.1 A Chronology of Change for the T8FNs ............................................................ 51 4.2 The Weight of Recent History: Cumulative Effects on the T8FNs .................. 65 4.3 Existing BC Hydro Impacts on Dane-zaa .......................................................... 86 4.4 Cumulative Effects Summary ............................................................................ 94 5 Baseline and Trend Profiles for the T8FNs ........................................................... 100 5.1 Doig River First Nations .................................................................................. 101 ii Treaty 8 First Nations Community Assessment Team November 27, 2012 Treaty 8 First Nations Baseline Community Profile Report 5.2 Halfway River First Nation .............................................................................. 118 5.3 Prophet River First Nation .............................................................................. 134 5.4 West Moberly First Nations ............................................................................ 148 5.5 Summary of Current Social, Economic and Cultural Conditions for the T8FNs167 6 Baseline Conditions for T8FNs Valued Components ............................................ 169 6.1 Meaningful Practice of Treaty Rights ............................................................. 170 6.2 Protection and Promotion of First Nations Culture ...................................... 188 6.3 Meaningful Engagement of T8FNs in Governance and Stewardship ........... 199 6.4 Access to Education and Training Opportunities .......................................... 213 6.5 Equity and Engagement in the Wage Economy ............................................. 227 6.6 Healthy Communities ...................................................................................... 242 7 Conclusions: What Future for Dane-zaa? .............................................................. 255 7.1 Evidence of Vulnerability among the Four T8FNs ............................................. 255 7.2 T8FNs Overarching Goals and Aspirations .................................................... 258 8 Closure...................................................................................................................... 263 8.1 Next Steps ......................................................................................................... 263 8.2 Closure .............................................................................................................. 263 References cited ............................................................................................................ 264 Appendix A: Lists of Question Themes from Interviews and Focus Groups ............ 279 Appendix B: T8FNs Community Assessment Team Members .................................. 284 Appendix C: T8FNs Site C Community Assessment Team: Community Advisors ... 285 Appendix D: Indicators Comparison Table ................................................................. 286 Appendix E: Physical and Social Infrastructure in the T8FNs ................................... 291 Appendix F: Concordance Table .................................................................................. 295 iii Treaty 8 First Nations Community Assessment Team November 27, 2012 Treaty 8 First Nations Baseline Community Profile Report Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in this Report Acronym/Abbreviation Full Name/Title AANDC Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (formerly INAC or Indian and Northern Affairs Canada) B.C. British Columbia BRFN Blueberry River First Nation CD Compact disc CPA Consultation Process Agreement DCAT BC Hydro’s proposed Dawson Creek/Chetwynd Area Transmission Project DR01, DR02, etc. Code for interviewees and focus group attendees from Doig River First Nations DRFN Doig River First Nation Firelight The Firelight Group Research Cooperative FNFNE Study First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study UNBC et al. 2010a; 2010b) H2S Hydrogen sulphide (or sour gas) HBC Hudson’s Bay Company HR01, HR02, etc. Code for interviewees and focus group attendees from Halfway River First Nation HRFN Halfway River First Nation I.R. Indian Reserve kg kilogram km kilometre km2 square kilometres NAADAP Native Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program NENAN Nenan Dane Zaa Deh Zona Child and Family Services NENAS Northeast Native Advancing Society Pers. Comm. Personal communication with… iv Treaty 8 First Nations Community Assessment Team November 27, 2012 Treaty 8 First Nations Baseline Community Profile Report Acronym/Abbreviation Full Name/Title PR01, PR02, etc. Code for interviewees and focus group attendees from Prophet River First Nation PRFN Prophet River First Nation PRRD Peace River Regional District RCAP Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples RSA Regional Study Area (used by BC Hydro in its impact assessment) SEIA Socio-economic Impact Assessment SFN Saulteau First Nations Site C or the Project BC Hydro’s proposed Site C Hydroelectric Project STI’s Sexually transmitted infections TARR Treaty and Aboriginal Rights Research (branch of T8TA) T8FNs The four Treaty 8 First Nations involved in this study, consisting of DRFN, HRFN, PRFN and WMFNs T8TA Treaty 8 Tribal Association TLUS Traditional Land Use and Occupancy Study (primarily Candler et al. 2012) UBCIC Union of BC Indian Chiefs WM01, WM02, etc. Code for interviewees
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