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Proje Sahibi T.C Proje Sahibi T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı Tabiat Varlıklarını Koruma Genel Müdürlüğü Projenin Adı Fethiye-Göcek ÖÇKB Karasal Biyolojik Çeşitliliğin Tespiti Projesi Projenin Yeri Fethiye-Göcek Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi Raporu Hazırlayan Kuruluş AKS Planlama Mühendislik Ltd. Şti. Adresi Cinnah Cad. Willy Brant Sok. 2/11 Çankaya/ANKARA Telefonu ve Faks Numarası 0312 440 23 20 / 0312 438 19 16 Rapor Sunum Tarihi 25 Nisan 2012 i FETHİYE-GÖCEK ÖÇKB KARASAL BİYOLOJİK ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİN TESPİTİ PROJESİ SONUÇ RAPORU AKS PLANLAMA PROJE EKİBİ: Bitki Sosyolojisi Uzmanı: Prof. Dr. Hayri DUMAN, Gazi Üniversitesi, Biyoloji Bölümü Ekoloji Uzmanı: Prof. Dr. Zeki AYTAÇ, Gazi Üniversitesi, Biyoloji Bölümü Bitki Sistematiği Uzmanı: Prof. Dr. Murat EKİCİ, Gazi Üniversitesi, Biyoloji Bölümü Memeli Uzmanı: Prof. Dr. Abdullah HASBENLİ, Gazi Üniversitesi, Biyoloji Bölümü Kuş Uzmanı: Doç. Dr. Zafer AYAŞ, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Biyoloji Bölümü Sürüngen Uzmanı: Prof. Dr. Yusuf KUMLUTAŞ, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi Omurgasız Uzmanı: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Orhan MERGEN, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Biyoloji Bölümü Hidrojeoloji Uzmanı: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Erkan DİŞLİ, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi ve Uzaktan Algılama Uzmanı: Umut CIRIK, Şehir ve Bölge Plancısı TABİAT VARLIKLARINI KORUMA GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ: Proje Kontrol Teşkilatı: Süreyya IŞIKLAR-Biyolog Nisa Nur ÇiÇEK-Biyolog Tuba TOPRAK- Biyolog Muayene Kabul Komisyonu: Ayhan TOPRAK- Biyolog Leyla AKDAĞ- Şube Md. V. Eyüp YÜKSEL- Biyolog ii FETHİYE-GÖCEK ÖÇKB KARASAL BİYOLOJİK ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİN TESPİTİ PROJESİ SONUÇ RAPORU ÖNSÖZ Uluslararası Koruma Sözleşmeleri ve Çevre Mevzuatı da dikkate alınarak Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgeleri’nin kara, kıyı, akarsu, göl ve deniz kaynaklarının verimliliklerinin korunması, geliştirilmesi ve rehabilitasyonu amacıyla her türlü icraatta bulunmak, araştırma ve incelemeler yapmak ve yaptırmak Tabiat Varlıklarını Koruma Genel Müdürlüğü’nün görevleri arasında yer almaktadır. Bu kapsamda Genel Müdürlüğümüz, 2012 yılında Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgeleri’nde bulunan nadir, nesli tehlikede bitki ve hayvan türlerinin nüfusunun tespit edilmesi; bunlara yönelik tespitlerin belirlenmesi ve korunmasına yönelik öneriler geliştirilmesi, doğal kaynakların korunması, sahip oldukları özelliklerin ve bunları tehdit eden faktörlerin bilimsel araştırmalar doğrultusunda ortaya konulması amacıyla çeşitli projeler yürütmektedir. Fethiye-Göcek Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi Karasal Biyolojik Çeşitliliğin Tespiti Projesi de bunlardan birisidir. Bu çalışma ile doğal, kültürel değerler ve sosyo-ekonomik yapıyı bütünleşik alan yönetimi yaklaşımı ile sürdürülebilirlik anlayışına uygun şekilde planlayarak korumak ve yönetim stratejisinden hareketle, Fethiye-Göcek Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi’nde yapılacak Yönetim Planına altlık oluşturmak üzere, karasal alanda biyolojik çeşitliliğin tespiti, endemik, nadir, nesli tehdit ve tehlike altında olan tür ve habitatların sınıflandırılması, bölgelenmesi, tehditlerin ve koruma önlemlerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır. Ayrıca, gerek bu yayın gerekse bu proje kapsamında hazırlanan diğer malzemeler, burada yaşayan türlerin tanıtımı ve korunması çabalarına önemli katkılar sağlayacaktır. Gerek çalışmanın yürütülmesinde, gerekse bu değerli yayının hazırlanmasında başta Genel Müdürlük çalışanlarımız olmak üzere emeği geçen tüm arkadaşlarıma teşekkür ederim. Osman İYİMAYA Genel Müdür iii FETHİYE-GÖCEK ÖÇKB KARASAL BİYOLOJİK ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİN TESPİTİ PROJESİ SONUÇ RAPORU İÇİNDEKİLER ÖNSÖZ .................................................................................................................................iii TABLOLAR DİZİNİ ............................................................................................................... v GRAFİKLER DİZİNİ .............................................................................................................. v ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ ................................................................................................................. v RESİMLER DİZİNİ ................................................................................................................vi I. GİRİŞ ................................................................................................................................. 1 I.1. Projenin Amacı ve Hedefleri ........................................................................................ 1 I.2. Projenin Kapsamı ........................................................................................................ 1 II. BÖLGENİN TANITIMI ....................................................................................................... 5 II.1. İklimsel Özellikler ........................................................................................................ 5 II.2. Jeolojik Yapı ............................................................................................................... 7 II.3. Hidrojeolojik ve Hidrolojik Yapı ..................................................................................33 II.4. Toprak Özellikleri .......................................................................................................45 II.5. Sosyo-Ekonomik Yapı ...............................................................................................51 II.6. Arazi Kullanım Durumu ..............................................................................................56 III. BİYOLOJİK ÇEŞİTLİLİK .................................................................................................57 III.1. Bitki Birlikleri .............................................................................................................59 III.2. Habitat Sınıfları .........................................................................................................81 III.3. Bitki Türleri................................................................................................................83 III.4. Memeliler ................................................................................................................ 155 III.5. Kuşlar ..................................................................................................................... 169 III.6. İkiyaşamlılar ve Sürüngenler ................................................................................... 214 III.7. Böcekler ................................................................................................................. 224 III.8. İklimin Biyolojik Çeşitlilik Üzerine Etkileri ................................................................. 239 IV. SONUÇ ......................................................................................................................... 240 KAYNAKÇA ....................................................................................................................... 242 EKLER ............................................................................................................................... 250 iv FETHİYE-GÖCEK ÖÇKB KARASAL BİYOLOJİK ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİN TESPİTİ PROJESİ SONUÇ RAPORU TABLOLAR DİZİNİ Tablo 1. Çalışma kapsamında kullanılacak istasyonların özellikleri ....................................... 5 Tablo 2. Aylık ortalama sıcaklıklar ......................................................................................... 5 Tablo 3. En yüksek ve en düşük sıcaklıklar ........................................................................... 6 Tablo 4. Ortalama yağış miktarı ............................................................................................. 6 Tablo 5. ÖÇKB’de yer alan yerleşmelerin idari yapıları ve 1985-2010 yılları arası nüfusları .51 Tablo 6. Fethiye ilçesinde arazi dağılımı ...............................................................................52 Tablo 7. Fethiye ilçesi hayvan varlığı ....................................................................................54 Tablo 8. Fethiye-Göcek ÖÇKB mevcut arazi kullanım durumu .............................................56 Tablo 9. Bulgulara ait hazırlanan tablolarda kullanılan kısaltmalar ........................................58 Tablo 10. Vejetasyon analizi tablolarında kullanılan örnek parsel sembollerinin açıklamaları .............................................................................................................................................59 Tablo 11. Periploco graecae-Liquidambaretum orientalis Vural, Duman 1995 ......................60 Tablo 12. Aetheorhizo bulbosae-Pinetum brutiae Vural, Duman 1995 ..................................63 Tablo 13. Querco aucheri-Oleetum europaeae Vural, Duman et al. 1995 .............................69 Tablo 14. Lilio-Arbutetum andrachnea Vural, Duman et al. 1995 ..........................................73 Tablo 15. Alysso-Genistetum acanthocalae Vural, Duman et al. 1995 ..................................76 Tablo 16. Cladio-Schoenetum nigricantis Vural, Duman et al. 1995 .....................................79 Tablo 17. Fethiye-Göcek Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi florası ...............................................85 Tablo 18. Fethiye-Göcek ÖÇKB’de tespit edilen tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler ........................... 147 Tablo 19. Fethiye-Göcek Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi’nde tespit edilen memeli türleri ....... 158 Tablo 20. CITES Sözleşmesi kapsamında ticareti yasak olan kuş türleri ............................ 173 Tablo 21. Fethiye-Göcek Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi’nde tespit edilen kuş türleri ............. 175 Tablo 22. Fethiye-Göcek ÖÇKB’de
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