Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India: Conservation and Benefit Sharing Volume II

Home , Actinidia chinensis, Allium macleanii, Breadfruit, Cinnamomum malabatrum, Coelachne, Dioscorea spicata

M.P. Nayar, A.K. Singh, K.Narayanan Nair

Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Authority Government of India New Delhi Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India: Conservation and Benefit Sharing Volume II

Final Report of the Task Force 06/2007 constituted by the PPV & FRA, vide OM No. PPV & FRA/6-22/07/1312, dated October, 08, 2007 to identify the Agrobiodiversity hotspots in India for purposes of the 'National Gene Fund' usage.

Published by: PPV & FR Authority, NASC Complex, D.P.S. Marg, New Delhi-110012

ISBN-978-81-908786-0-9 ISBN-978-81-908786-2-3 Citation: Nayar M.P., Singh A.K. and Nair, K.N. 2009. Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing, Vol. II, i-xii+ total pages 309

Photo credits: Dr. D. C. Bhandari, Dr. D. K. Hore, Dr. K. Narayanan Nair, Dr. M. P. Nayar, Dr. M. Sabu, Dr. M. Sanjappa, Dr. S. K. Sharma, Dr. D. K. Singh. Dr. S. R. Yadav, Dr. S. Maiti.

Reviewing Scientists: Dr. Bhag Mal, Honorary Fellow, Bioversity International- India, New Delhi Dr. R. S. Rana, Former Director, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi

Cover page photographs (clockwise from top left) : l Pepper (Piper longum)- endemic to Malabar Agrobiodiversity region l Karonda (Carissa carandas)- an important minor fruit l The blue Star Lily (Nymphea nouchali)- widely found in water bodies l Brinjal (Lycopersicon esculentum)- local variety grown in NE India l Farmers harvesting Bach (Acorus calamus)-an important medicinal plant.

Printed at : Chandu Press, D-97, Shakarpur, Delhi-110 092 ii 'kjn iokj Ñf"k] miHkksDrk ekeys] [kk| vkSj Sharad Pawar lkoZtfud forj.k ea=kh Hkkjr ljdkj Minister of Agriculture & Consumer Affairs Food & Public Distribution Government of India

23rd December, 2008

Foreword I am pleased to note that the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Authority has taken steps to register the plant varieties and has formulated action plan under the ‘gene fund’. This gene fund has been created to support conservation and sustainable use of Plant Genetic Resources; strengthen the capacity of the Panchayats in executing the conservation and sustainable use of plant material and to enable continued plant variety development. The gene fund will be used to reward farming community, particularly the tribal and rural communities engaged in the conservation, improvement and preservation of Plant Genetic Resources in the agrobiodiversity hotspots of India. Keeping this in view, the Authority constituted a Task Force to identify and characterize different agrobiodiversity hotspots in the country. The Report submitted by the Task Force titled “Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India: Conservation and Benefit Sharing” also documents the useful plants in the hotspots. The Report has examined how the communities could be rewarded for their efforts. The Report has identified various botanical species, their close cultural and social linkage with the community, and has demarcated the 22 agrobiodiversity hotspots present in India. Apart from facilitating gene fund activities, this document prepared by the PPV&FR Authority will enable India to table our view point effectively and convincingly in various international forums to discuss issues connected with Farmers’ Rights, Plant Genetic Resources and biodiversity conservation.

(Sharad Pawar)

Office: Room No. 120, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi- 110 001 Tel. : 011-23383370, 23782691 Fax : 23384129 Resi. 6, Janpath, New Delhi- 110 011 (India) Tel.: 011-23018870, 011-23018619, Fax : 011-23018609 E-mail: [email protected] iii

Chairperson

Preface Agriculture including forestry, range management and sustenance of plant biodiversity have been the core of Indian civilization that dates back to several millenniums. The enormous plant diversity arising due to the varied soil, environment and altitude variations that India enjoys has resulted in the evolution of various crop species and varieties suiting to different domestic and commercial needs. This unique position of India has been well taken into account in the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act 2001. The Gene Fund created under the law is designed to encourage, protect, promote, and utilize the plant biodiversity for plant breeding activity in perpetuity. The Gene Fund in turn gets nourished by the flow of annual fee arising out of the sale of seed of the registered varieties. Since plant species already existed and human intervention only created better performing ones, they are to assist to sustain the interest of the "keepers of plant variation" by way of institutionalizing a recognition and reward mechanism to acknowledge the services of the men and women; individuals and communities. These keepers of plant variation in the agrobiodiversity hotspots are to be beneficiaries of the gene fund. Following two rounds of national debate that was organized at Shillong and Annamalinagar in association with the National Biodiversity Authority, the PPV&FRA constituted a Task Force to characterize, demarcate and enlist the agrobiodivesity hotspots in India and suggest the broad principles that are to be adhered to in recognizing and rewarding the keepers of plant variation at these designated sites. v This virgin effort in defining the hotspots, listing the socio- cultural aspects of the area, listing the species of botanical and agricultural importance, the endemic species and the endangered species will enable India position its stand in various forums on the basis of well documented information. It is also felt that there can be well drafted case for "Access to Benefit Sharing (ABS)" on the basis of the information provided in these two volumes. The concerned states and agricultural universities can further elaborate and document the agriflora diversity details to further facilitate the issue of ABS. The foreword by the Honorable Union Minister for Agriculture further our position on such matters. Apart from the Task Force members who went in to great depth and the experts who advised on specific issues, a catalytic role was played by Shri Dipal Roy Choudhury, Joint Registrar of the Authority in meticulously editing, assembling and getting this Treatise printed in two volumes .

(S. Nagarajan)

vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The members of the Task Force gratefully acknowledge Dr. S. Nagarajan, Chairperson, Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Authority, for having entrusted us with the task of identification of the hotspots of agrobiodiversity in India and formulation of the benefit sharing as per the terms of reference. We are indebted to Dr. S. Nagarajan for extending to us the necessary facilities for our travel and interactive discussions with experts on agrobioidversity. We are also thankful to him for giving us the road map for achieving our targets and steering us to the purpose of identification of agrobiodiversity hotspots in relation to the utilization of National Gene Fund for the benefit of traditional farming communities, especially the tribal societies and farming women who conserve traditional varieties. Dr. S. Kannaiyan, Former Chairman, National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) has contributed substantially to the ideas of benefit sharing mandated in the Biological Diversity Act, 2002 and PPV& FR Act, 2001 at the National seminars at Shillong and Chidambaram. We are grateful to Dr.S.Kannaiyan for his support and the intiative he has taken during his tenure at NBA. We acknowledge with gratitude several agricultural scientists of eminence whose help and advice were of immense value in the final shaping of this report. In particular we are indebted to Dr. Bhag Mal, Former Director, Indian Grasslands and Fodder Research Institute (IGFRI) and Honorary Research Fellow, Bioversity International-India for having given us the benefit of his vast experience and knowledge in plant genetic resources and sparing his valuable time for participating in the interactive discussions. We are grateful to him for meticulously going through and vetting the draft report. We are thankful to Dr. R.S. Rana, Former Director, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) and Chairman, Bio –Links for his contributions in the interactive discussions and for suggesting his conceptual ideas on the definition of categories and sequence of presentation. Thanks are also due to Dr. A.K.Bhatnagar, Professor of Botany, University of Delhi for sharing his experience and scholarship. We are grateful to Dr. K.S.Varaprasad, Officer-in-Charge, Regional Station, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Hyderabad for hosting the first interactive discussion at Hyderabad and providing valuable vii inputs on agrobiodiversity hotspots of Bastar, Koraput, Deccan and South eastern Ghats. Our thanks are also due to all the scientists and staff of the Hyderabad Regional Station, NBPGR for the successful and productive meeting held at Hyderabad. We would also place on record our sincere gratitude to Dr. Anishetty, Former Scientist, FAO, Dr. Girish Pujar, Dr. C. Sudhakar Reddy, Dr. M.V. R. Seshasai, Senior Scientists of National Remote Sensing Agency and Dr. Ramana Murthy, State Biodiversity Board, Andhra Pradesh for participating in the discussions at Hyderabad and for their valued contributions. In the production of this work the office the PPV & FR Authority has helped us immensely. We particularly thank Shri. R. K. Trivedi, Registrar for his contributions to the interactive discussions and to Shri. Dipal Roy Choudhury, Joint Registrar for his keen interest and unstinted support during the printing of this report. The prompt secretarial assistance from Ms. Poonam Tiwari, P.S. to the Chairperson is gratefully acknowledged. Several individuals and institutions have helped us with photographs of some important plant genetic resources and landscapes in different agrobiodiversity hotspots. We would like to place on record our sincere gratitude to all of them, specially Dr. S.K. Sharma, Director, NBPGR, New Delhi and Dr. M. Sanjappa, Director, BSI, Kolkata for having permitted us to use the photographs from their archives. We acknowledge with thanks Dr. Babu Ambat, Director, Centre for Environmental Development (CED), Thiruvananthapuram for his help in digitizing the agrobiodiversity hotspot areas and Shri V. R. Vibhu Kumar, GIS System Analyst for his technical assistance. Our thanks are also due to Shri Roy Chacko, Environmental Resources Research Centre (ERRC), Thiruvananthapuram for his secretarial assistance and help.

M.P. Nayar Chairman, Task Force 6/2007 Thiruvananthapuram 15th January, 2009

viii Authors

M. P. N a y a r , Ph D (London), F.N.A.Sc. is the former Director, Botanical Survey of India, former Chairman of Indian Subcontinent Plant Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of I.U.C.N, is at present President of Environmental Resources Research Centre, Thiruvananthapuram. He is the Santapau Gold Medalist in Taxonomy (2005), Professor Panchanan Maheshwari Medalist in Taxonomy and Conservation Biology (2008). He received the Pitamber Pant National Environment Fellowship of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India (1994-1997) and held the Chair in Taxonomy at the Centre of Excellence at Tropical Botanic Garden & Research Institute, Palode (1997-2000). He has published 245 scientific papers and authored and edited 21 books.

An i r u d h K Si n g h , Ph D, educated at Aligarh Muslim University, 1962-1966; Patna University, Max-Planck Institute Köln and Cornell University, Ithaca, 1994-95. He has made significant contributions to the management of agrobiodiversity nationally and internationally, while serving as Cytogeneticist and Germplasm Specialist, ICRISAT during 1978-1997; Project Co-ordinator Pigeon pea, Indian Institute of Pulses Research (ICAR) and Head, Germplasm Conservation Division, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, until 31st July 2008. He was awarded “The CGIAR Chairman’s Excellence in Science Award” for “Outstanding Locally Recruited Scientist”(1997) & Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, India.

K. N a r a y a n a n Na i r , Ph D, is associated with Plant Biodiversity & Conservation Biology Division of the National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI/CSIR), Lucknow as Senior Scientist. He is a plant taxonomist with over 22 years of research experience in systematic and diversity studies on Indian Rutaceae. Dr Nair is currently working on molecular taxonomic and genetic diversity assessment in Indian Citrus and wild relatives. Dr Nair has to his credit 17 research papers, 4 scientific articles, 7 contributed chapters to books, 3 books (Co-authored/co-edited) and 2 patents (1 filed and 1 awarded).

CONTENTS Volume 2

Page No.

ANNEXURES

Annexure- 1. Synopsis of the Agrobiodiversity hotspots in India. 5

Annexure-2. List of Endemic species of Agrobiodiversity importance. 65

Annexure-3. List of Threatened species of Agrobiodiversity importance 113

Annexure-4. List of Cultivated plants and their wild relatives in India. 134

References 303

Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing

annona muricata

Musa sikkimensis

Baccaurea courtallensis 1 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing

Berberis asiatica

Paddy fields in Garo hills

Cedrus deodara

2 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing

Vigna khandalensis Vetiveria zizanoides

Rubus ellipticus 3 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing

Citrus maxima

Citrus microcarpa

Sechium edule

4 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing of alfalfa, Annexure- 1 Annexure- Additional features Additional Cold arid eco-region Unique declared as Important eco-system, Heritage Globally Agricultural (GIAHS) soil skeletal Shallow Vegetation Systems sparse willow with and rose Himalayan Major crops: Barley, pea, wheat, lucerne at higher altitude; Wheat, altitude apricot at lower apple, Traditional system: Stone terracesbuilt Technology/products: landraces Amchi medicine system; seabuckthorn products • • • • • • •

Fruit: Fruit: Pisum Pisum ; Pea ( , Representative Representative agrobiodiversity ), Apricot (Prunus alus domestica), Lycopersicon Lycopersicon esculentum) oleracea var. (Brassica Cauliflower ( ) cepa (Allium Onion , , Medicago ), sativa Poplar (Populus alba, P. Apple (m armeniaca), Seabuckthorn rhamnoides); Medicinal (Hippophae plants: (Atropa acuminata, Dioscorea deltoidea, Ephedra Mentha Podophyllum longifolia, gerardiana, . Saussurea bracteata hexandrum, Alfalfa species: plant Economic Other ( Willow ), Salix ( deltoides, P.nigra ciliata, P. denticulata, S. elegans, S. babylonica, S. alba, ). fragilis S. ), sativum), Potato (Solanum Tomato tuberosum), Hordeum vulgare), (Hordeum Barley Cereals: : Crops Pseudocereal: ); aestivum (Triticum Wheat Buckwheat (Fagopyrum Vegetables: Bell esculentum); Cabbage frutescens), (Brassica oleracea var. pepper capitata) (Capsicum botrytis) Extent Synopsis of the Agrobiodiversity hotspots in India hotspots Agrobiodiversity of the Synopsis Location & Location Jammu & Jammu Kashmir: Leh Ladakh, (Nubra valley) Himalchal Lahaul- Pradesh: Spiti. Hotspot Cold Desert region 1. No

5 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Warm Warm sub-humid temperate eco-regions and Natural vegetation- Pine forests Tibato-Mongolian race & Buddhist religion culture & • • •

. A. A. . A. roylei, H. H. turkestanicum, . rubellum, Carum rubellum, A. Arnebia euchroma, . A. , loratum conitum heterophyllum, heterophyllum, Aconitum Allium carolinanum, Allium , chitralicum . gilgiticum, gilgiticum, A. . A. kachrooi, H. H. spontaneum, ), Wheat Wheat ), sativa (Oryza Rice ), coracana Eleusine Amaranth Pseudocereals: aestivum); Triticum Bergenia stracheyi, Bunium persicum, Biebersteinia Colchicum Choriospora odora, subulosa, ellisii, Dactylorhiza luteum, hatagirea, monorchis, Herminium Meconopsis Cremanthodium aculeata, Hippophae Pedicularis . var longiflora tubiformis, Picrorhiza kurrooa, Podophyllum hexandrum, Physochlaina rhamnoides, Rheum praelata, webbianum, tomentosa. Waldheimia Saussurea obvallata, : Crops Cereals: Barley (Hordeum ), vulgare Maize (Zea ), Oat mays (Avena ), Ragisativa ( ( Aquilegia fragrans, Trigonella podperae. podperae. Linum perenne Trigonella : species Endemic A. violaceum, gilgitcum, chitralicum, chitralicum, bulbocastanum, C. microphyllum, Hippophae H. Hordeum tibetana, H. salicifolia, aegiceras, glaucum, Wild Wild : relatives Jammu & Jammu Kashmir: Anantnag, Badgam, Western Western Himalay- an region 2.

6 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing

Podzolic soil Podzolic wheat, Major Rice, crops: chick rajma, maize, millets, mustard pea, terrace system: Traditional cultivation of paddy and plantation of crops apples like Technology/products: Aromatic rice varieties, Kuhls irrigation water channel Indo-Aryan Influence of Hindu Muslim cultures. & Associated race, tribes: Dogris and Gujars Technology/products: Kuhl, Kuhl, diverting flowing natural streamsthrough channels Indo-Aryan race, Hindu & religion culture • • • & Kashmir Jammu • • • Himachal Pradesh • • Atropa var. oleracea var. Cannabis indica,

. A. annua, Dioscorea deltoidea, Brassica (Brassica oleracea var. Aconitum heterophyllum, Pine (Pinus wallichiana); Cabbage alus domestica); Tuber: Potato ); Millets: Foxtail Foxtail Millets: ); hypocondriacus (Amaranthus millets (Setaria Buckwheat ); italica Chick ), mungo (Vigna gram Black (Fagopyrum Pseudocereals: Legumes: (Phaseolus bean French arietinum ), emarginatum );(Cicer pea vulgaris), Horse uniflorus), gram Mustard (Brassica (Macrotyloma Lentil (Vigna umbellata), Soybean (Glycine max); juncea), (Lens var. oleracea Brussels (B. sprouts Vegetables: Ricebean culinaris), ), gemmifera capitata), Cauliflower (Brassica botrytis), Chilli (Capsicum annuum); Fruit: Apple (m (Crocus Saffron Spices: tuberosum); (Solanum sativus), Sugar yielding crops: Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum); (Camellia sinensis). Beverages: Tea Other Economic Cedar wood (Cedrus ), deodara Chir pine plant (Pinus ), roxburghii species: Medicinal plants: Artemisia absinthium, Bergenia ciliata, acuminata, Colchicum luteum, Inula obtusifolia, gerardiana, Ephedra Doda, Jammu, Jammu, Doda, Kupwara, Kathua, Phulwama, Srinagar, Udhampur. Himachal Pradesh: Chamba, Bilaspur, Hamirpur, Kangra, Kullu, Kinnaur, Shimla, Mandi, Una. Solan,

7 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Associated tribe: tribe: Associated Gaddi, Lahule, Kinnauri, Gujjars Technology/products: Basmati rice Baranaja mixed cropping, varieties, Naula harvesting surface Indo-Aryan water race, Tibetan Hindu ; religion & culture and Buddhist influence Paharis Associated tribe: • • • •

. A. Allium D. D. deltoidea, . A. chinense, . A. porrum, M. M. rotundifolia, vena Avena barbata, Panicum spicata, Panicum M. M. M. arvensis subsp. Abelmoschus moschatus, Aegilops tauschii,

. A. cernuum, H. H. glaucum, Lactuca serriola, . A. sterilis subsp. ludoviciana, M. piperita, M. . A. schoenoprasum, L. L. strictum, Luffa echinata, Morus longifolia, longifolia, Mentha euchroma, Macrotomia praelata, Physochlaina Nepeta floccosa, Plantago himalaica, kurrooa, Picrorhiza S. bracteata, Saussurea hexandrum, Podophyllum biflora. Viola sacra, Wild : relatives A. , tuberculatus , ampeloprasum Artocarpus A. lakoocha, , fatua Cajanus , volubilis Carum Cinnamomum , bulbocastanum caudatum, Cordia rothii, Cucumis Citrus , hardwickii Digitaria sanguinalis, limon, Dioscorea hispida, D. kumaonensis, Eleusine Eleaegnus compressa, Fagopyrum esculentum, angustifolia, Hordeum Ferula , aegiceras asafoetida, H. turkestanicum, Lathyrus aphaca, Lepidium latifolium, Linum perenne, , australis Malva sylvestris, Mentha arvensis, , heplocalyx rubellum,

Almora, Almora, Bageshwar, Chamoli, Champawat, Dehradun, Garhwal, Hardwar, Nainital, Pithorgarh, Rudraprayag, Tewri- Garhwal, Udhamsingh Nagar, Uttarkashi : Uttarakhand

8 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing

S. T. S. L. D. R., R., I. I. dosua Prunus kumaonica, S. clarkei, S. parishii, Psilanthus R. laciocarpus, R. R. foetida, R. I. I. , himalayensis Syzygium gardneri, Syzygium , oxyphylla Ziziphus L. L. kashmiriana, Aconitum moschatum, P. P. wallichii , I. I. gangetica, Juglans regia var. Saccharum , filifolium R. , clinophylla R. Pyrus kumaonii, Ribes nigrum, Ribes kumaonii, Pyrus Phoenix , acaulis Rheum webbianum, Rosa Trigonella emodii, T. , gracilis T. Trigonella emodii, Vicia benthamiana. , fruticosus Rubus Vigna trilobata Vigna , simlensis, lahulensis, macrophylla Rosa var. hookeriana, R. hirsuta, hookeriana, Saussurea , atkinsonii Lactuca benthamii, sudhanshui, I. I. thothathrii, Z. rugosa. Z. Endemic species: Asparagus griffithii, Dendrocalamus hookeri Cassia jaunsaurensis, var. Indigofera davidsonii, cedrorum, var. R. R. ellipticus, rufipilum, S. benghalense, Setaria viridis, xanthocarpum, Solanum , jambos S. repens, , benghalensis Rosa sericea, moschata, , jacquemontii , psilopodium

9 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Warm Warm subhumid eco-regionstemperate and soil hill Brown Natural sub-tropical and forests temperate pine Major crops: rice, millets Arecanut & Cropping systems: rice- rice-sesame mustard/toria, and maize-mustard/toria and rice-potato Traditional system: Jhum cultivation Sikkim Technology/products: Chiyang cultivation, Jhum drink from finger millet, cultivation Cardamom Mongoloids race Tibetan Culture with Associated tribes: Abhor, Sherpa. Bhutia, Lepchas, Arunachal Pradesh • • • • • • • • • • • M. oleracea White yam Brassica (Brassica oleracea ), carica), Kiwi (Actinidia strigosa), ), acuminata), Chebulic myrobalan ), gemmifera Cabbage capitata), Cauliflower Brassica ( botrytis), Dolichos (Lablab purupureus), : : Crops Cereals: Barley Hordeum ( vulgare), Maize (Zea ), mays Rice (Oryza Wheat (Triticum ), sativa aestivum ); Pseudocereals: Amaranth (Amaranthus Buckwheat hypocondriacus), Millets: Finger (Fagopyrum millet (Eleusine ), coracana Proso esculentum); Legumes: millet Adjukibean (Vigna Blackgram angularis ), (Panicum (Vigna ), Chenopodium mungo (Chenopodium ); miliaceum ), album Ricebean Swordbean umbellata), Canavalia ( gladiata ); (Vigna Vegetables: Brussels sprouts B. ( var. oleracea var. var. Soybean (Glycine max), Banana Fruit: ); (Psophocarpustetragonolobus Winged bean (Musa Citron (Citrus chebula), ),medica (Terminalia Fig (Ficus Lemon (Citrus limon ), Mandarin (Citrus reticulata), Mango (Mangifera indica, ), sylvatica Tuber: Peach (Prunus ); domestica Taro (Colocasia esculenta), (Dioscorea alata), : Sikkim Sikkim : Sikkim Sikkim East, Sikkim North, Sikkim south and West. Arunachal Anjaw, Pradesh: Changlang, Dibang Lower Upper valley, Dibang valley, East Kameng, Lohit, East Siang, Subansiri, Lower and Kurung Papum Kurney, Tawang, Pare, Upper Tirap, Upper Siang, West Subansiri, West Kameng, Siang. Eastern Him- alayan region 3.

10 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Technology/product: Technology/product: riceApatanis cultivation Mongoloid race Culture Tibetan with Apatanis, tribes: Associated Abhor, Dafla, Singpho. Mishmi, Khowa, Galong, Hill Miris Nishis, • • • . lebbeck Bamboo ), A. ), longum), Niger (Guizotia arunachalensis, arunachalensis, Yam Yam (Amorphophallus ); bulbifera Bengal cardamom (Amomum Spices: ), aromaticum Black pepper (Piper ), nigrum Cardamom (Elettaria ), cardamomum Galanga (Alpinia (Cinnamomum bejholgota), galanga), Ginger (Zingiber ), officinale Long Cinnamon pepper (Piper ), abyssinica Sesame Oilseeds: Perilla longa), (Curcuma Turmeric Perilla ( (Sesamum indicum); Fibre: Jute frutescens), (Corchorus olitorius), Mesta Tree Cotton (Gossypium arboreum); Sugar Hibiscus ( cannabinus),yielding crops: officinarum); Sugarcane Beverages: (Saccharum sinensis). Tea (Camellia Albizia species: plant Economic Other (Albizia Swertia( Chireta hamiltonii), (Dendrocalamus ), chirayita Common yew (Taxus baccata), Costus (Costus (Curculigo orchioides), Gold thread (Coptis speciosus), teeta) Curculigo Indian Podophyllum (Podophyllum hexandrum), Juniper Juniperus ( ), communis ), aromaticum (Amomum Large cardamom : Bengal West Darjeeling.

11 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing

Alpinia Livistona C. montana, C. Paphiopedilum Paphiopedilum Artocarpus chama, C. C. siangensis, C. kissii, Allium , angulosum Cinnamomum Cinnamomum caudatum, C. . A. zerumbet, Magnolia campbelii, M. pterocarpa; M. campbelii, Magnolia Sweet Sweet lime (Citrus limettoides), Dioscorea D. wattii, D. pentaphylla, deltoidea, D. hispida, D. prazeri, D. Fagopyrum wallichii, arunachalensis, Eurya kumaonensis, D. esculentum, Fragaria daltoniana, Garcinia F. vesca, hombroniana, G. Morus australis, agriocrithon, Hordeum xanthochymus, Toddy Toddy palm (Caryota jenkinsiana, urens), Orchids: (Dendrobium D. hookerianum, densiflorum, chrysanthum, D. fairieanum, , P. wardii Tsuga dumosa. triandra), Palm (Wallichia Wild relatives: malaccensis, Camellia caudata, C. drupifera, C. irrawadiensis, C.. taliensis, Citrus medica, obtusifolium, C. pedunculatum, C. tamala, Colocasia fallax, Cucumis hystrix, Curcuma latifolia, C. caesia, C. aromatica, Picrorhiza Picrorhiza hodgsonii, R. arboreum, Rhododendron (R. (Rheum Rhubarb ), nivale R. anthopogon, R. (Picrorhiza emodii), kurrooa),

12 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing

Lactuca cooperi, P. P. , filipedunculum lbizia arunachalensis, Albizia arunachalensis,

(Nostolachna khasiana, , laxivenum P. M. M. taylori, Saccharum Sinapsis longisetosum, alba; wild M.wardii, Narenga relatives fallax, of coffee: Psilanthus benghalensis). Endemic : species Desmodium kulhaitcnse, Piper isopleurum, clavilimbum, P. Musa balbisiana, mannii, M. nagensium, M. sikkimensis, M. M. velutina, Phoenix cheesmanii, acaulis, Piper attenuatum, M. sylvaticum, hamiltonii, thomsonii, P. P. P. P. schmidtii, P. peepuloides, wallichii, Prunus P. persica, jenkinsii, acuminata, rufa, P. P. P. P. undulata, zippeliana, P. Rosa R. multiflora, sikkimenses, S. longisetosum, Saccharum sericea, tetragonum, S. bracteatum, S. aqueum, Solanum Trichosanthes cordata, Trifolium repens, Vigna umbellata, Zingiber T. chrysanthemum, Z. clarkei, Z. purpureum, wallichiana, zerumbet. Z. Wild relatives of Miscanthus ravennae, M. nepalensis, nudipes, sugarcane: Erianthus

13 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Hot humid eco-region soil Alluvium-derived Natural tropical deciduous and evergreen moist forests Main crops: Maize, chick pigeon pea, rapeseed- pea, mustard, sesame, linseed, potato, Arecanut banana and Cropping systems: rice- rice, mustard, sesame, rice-rapeseed/ rice-potato- lentil, rice-chickpea/ urdbean. rice-mungbean/ Intercropping, toria + + chickpea, lentil, mungbean maize toria + • • • • •

, ; S. R. R. Yam Yam Rubus Rubus S. forrestii, S. Vegetable: Vegetable: Pineapple ; , , micranthus P. P. , ovatistigmum Luffa Luffa ) graveolens liliputa. S. nimborum, liliputa. S. Colocasia esculenta) ; (Colocasia Taro , P. P. , tenuibracteatum Saussurea Saussurea , andersonii Tuber: Tuber: Elephant-foot ), comosus), Pumello Citrus ( Musa ) acuminata Cereals: Cereals: Maize (Zea ) mays , ( S. pantlingiana. S. Luffa Luffa , aegyptiaca indica ), (Mangifera Mango limon), Citrus Ananas Amorphophallus ), bulbifer White alata) yam Dioscorea , obscura Crops: Rice (Oryza ), sativa Wheat (Triticum (Eleusinemillet Finger Millets: aestivum); ), coracana Foxtail millet Setaria ( italica) ; Legumes: Black gram (Vigna ) mungo Pigeon pea (Cajanus ,cajan) Bitter Gourd (Momordica Brinjal charantia ) (Solanum ( melongena), Luffa Fruit: Coconut (Cocos ), nucifera Lemon ( Plantain P. P. , , mungpooanum P.sikkimense ghankantus, ghankantus, R. niveus var. senchalensis, ( maxima); ( ( catechuBengal(Areca ), Arecanut Spices: ) aromaticum (Ammomum cardamom S. gossypiphora S. var. Dhubri, Assam: Dhubri, Kokrajhar, Bongaigaon, Nalbari, Barpeta, Goalpara, Kamrup, Golaghat, Darrang, Morigaon, Nagaon, Jorhat, Sonitpur, Lakhimpur, Sibsagar, Dibrugarh, and Dhemaji, Tinsukia. Brahm- aputra Valley 4.

14 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing

Bala, Bala, Low Low land production system + tea rice-based plantation Rice Brahmaputra plains & Technology/product: jute in varieties Cauvery, Ratna, Mancharsali, Jaya, Vani, Kalinga, Manoharsali, Mahsuri, Jagnath, Jayanthi, Sona, Negheri Bao, Bao, Changri Senga Bao Bao, Tulasi Giwai Bao, Indo-Mongoloids with influence of Hindu religion Associated tribes: Bhutia, Bodo • • • Boiled Chakwa rice Other varieties, • •

T. H. Phoenix Z. rubens, Z. . A. lakoocha, pseudo-olitorius, Schima indica, Artocarpus chama, Mesua ferrea, Piper clarkei, , crassipes P. Terminalia myriocarpa Terminalia M. M. cheesmanii, M. itinerus, Hedychium Hedychium ; spicatum P. listeri, P. peepuloides, P. Prunus P. cornuta, Saccharum P. longisetosum, : Corchorus Wild relatives Cucumis hystrix, Curcuma amada, aromatica, Erianthus C. wardii, M. filfolium,nudipes, M. nepalensis, Miscanthus E. ravennae, Musa assamica, M. , mannii M. velutina, Oryza Narenga rufipogon, fallax, , gammei P. jenkinsii, Trichosanthes dioca, wardii, S. rufipilum, S. intermediumZingiber , tricuspidata , spectabilis. Z. dactylifera, dactylifera, Pinus , roxburghii Shorea assamica, coronarium; coronarium; H. radiatum, Melocanna , baccifera H. , robustum Other Economic Aquillaria malaccensis, plant Artocarpus : species heterophyllus, Baccaurea ramiflora,Bambusa cacharensis, tulda, B. B. hamiltonii, pallida, Dendrocalamus Elaeocarpus Dipterocarpus macrocarpus , floribundus,F. pomifera, Ficus carica,

15 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Warm humid eco-region Warm Red and lateritic soil Natural wet evergreen & tropical moist deciduous forests maize, Rice, Major crops: and rapeseed/ peas, mustard. Cropping systems: rice- maize- rice-peas, mustard, niger-mustard. mustard, Rice in valleys & on hill terraces Jhum Traditional cultivation Technology/product: Jhum cultivation; • • • • • • • •

, P. Musa oleracea Snake Sponge Sponge , . anguina, anguina, . , Lycopersicon Lycopersicon var ( , crassipes P. kussok, Pepper (Piper Brassica Brassica oleracea , ( Tomato Brinjal (Solanum , , Cotton (Gossypium Camellia Camellia sinensis var. Z. spectabilis. Z. Piper clarkei, Piper . . cucumeriana) P. jenkinsii, P. listeri, Zingiber Zingiber listeri, P. jenkinsii, P. Corchorus capsularis); Spices: Cabbage ( , Cauliflower (Brassica Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Z. rubens, Z. , , Fruit: Banana (Musa acuminata) Fruit: ; M.velutina, P. gammei, P. Trichosanthes cucumeriana Trichosanthes . ) aegyptiaca Luffa ( ( ) gemmifera capitata) botrytis) ), Tuber: Ananas Potato Tuber: comosus), Solanum ( Oryza ); sativa Millets: soft-shelled forms Coix lacryma-jobi); Legumes: Rice bean Bitter Vegetable: Vigna Gourd umbellata); Momordica charantia) Mango ginger Pineapple (Curcuma amada), ( tuberosum); Fibre: hirsutum), Jute Ginger (Zingiber officianale) nigrum) esculentum) gourd var. Ridged gourd (Luffa ) acutangula gourd T. cucumeriana var Endemic Endemic species: var pentaphylla Dioscorea assamica, assamica, , gullatlyi intermedium, : : Crops Cereals: Maize (Zea ), mays Rice ( ( ( ( var. var. ), Brussels sprouts (Brassica melongena), oleracea Meghalaya Hills, East Garo Hills, Garo West Hills, South Garo East Khasi Hills, Khasi Hills, West Hills and Jaintia Ri-Bhoi. Khasia- Jaintia- Hills Garo 5.

16 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Konorolu, Konorolu, Jaya, Jaya, Ngoba, Rylie white, Manocharsali, Sarngma Mirikrek, with Indo-Mongoloids influence of tribal culture Christianand Hindu and religion Associated tribe: tribesand Garo Khasi Rice varieties: • • T.

var. Olea Luffa Luffa Musa , velutina M. P. arborea, P. arborea, P. P. Trichosanthes Trichosanthes Pyrus pyrifolia, N. N. jenkinsii, ; khasianum Solanum Bambusa Bambusa pseudopallida, himalensis, T. dioica, Myrica esculenta, Phoenix Setaria pallide-fusca, Setaria var. wallichiana, T. tricuspidata, Zingiber capitatum, capitatum, Zingiber tricuspidata, T. wallichiana, incurva. Z. Ziziphus funiculosa, zerumbet, Z. Endemic species: Bupleurum angustifolium, pedunculatum var. , khasianum Cinnamomum himalensis dentata, dentata, Piper parvilimbum, P.peepuloides, P. P.cornilimbum, attenuatum, P.khasianum, jenkinsii, Prunus P. napaulensis, cornuta, Psilanthus fragrans, P.khasiana, Other Economic Bambusa khasiana, plant B. Cinnamomum tulda, bejoghota, C. pauciflorum, C. B. species: pallida, Dendrocalamus martinii, Cymbopogon tamala, hamiltonii, , kesiya Pinus dactylifera, . Boehmeria macrophylla Fibre: Wild : relatives Citrus annamensis, C. macroptera , indica C. latipes, Cucumis hystrix, Cymbopogon , graveolens , itinerus khasiana, M. superba, Mangifera M. , flaviflora , sylvatica Nostolachma , khasiana

17 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing

Ricinus ), communis Warm humid ecoregion Warm Major crops maize, are millets, rice, oilseeds, potato, fibres, sugarcane, and aroids. yam Crops system: and cropping rice-peas, rice-mustard mustard, niger-mustard. Agroforestry maize- Alnus nepalensis, Castor ( tree aroids. • • • D. capitata), , khasiana Polyalthia Polyalthia Crotalaria oldamii, , ma-yuen Pigeon pea (Cajanus D. assamica, volubilis var. D. botrytis), Chenopodium khasiana, khasiana, Piper cornilimbum, P. P. parvilimbum, Brinjal (Solanum ), melongena Indigofera Indigofera bracteata var. Brassica. (Brassica. oleracea var. Dalbergia Dalbergia millettii var. juncea.), Rice bean (Vigna umbellata ); ); Legume: Mustard Mustard Legume: lacryma-jobi); (Coix meghalayensis. meghalayensis. : : Crops Cereals: Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Maize (Zea ), mays Rice (Oryza Sorghum (Sorghum ); bicolor Pseudocereals: ), sativa Amaranth (Amaranthus Millets: Finger hypocondriacus); millet (Eleusine ), coracana Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), soft-shelled forms (Brassica Micromeles acuminata var. meghalayensis, P. oldhamii, Peristrophe , noveoides cajan), Brussels oleracea sprouts var. (B. Vegetable: ), gemmifera Cabbage (Brassica Cauliflower carota), (Daucus Carrot oleracea var. (Chenopodium ), album Chilli ), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus annuum), (Capsicum Coix lacryma- jobii var. rimosagriffithii, var. , debilis D. Manipur: Imphal (East), Imphal (West), Bisnupur, Thoubal, Ukhrul, Senapati, Tamenglong, Chandel. Ukhrul, Nagaland: Kohima, Phek, Dimapur, Mokokchung, Tuensang, Mon, Wokha, Zunheboto North- east Hills 6.

18 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Technology/product: diversity; cucumber in Orchids; diversity Ratna, Padma, Cauvery, Yukara, Sona, Vijaya, Jaya, Lakokulak, moy, Tanz Red White Naguvanu, Annapurna, Naguvanu, Norin. Sakti, Mahsuri, (impounding run-off Cheo-ozihi water); (bringing water river long channels) through Indo-Mongoloids with influence of tribal culture and Hindu and Christian religion Manipur • Primary center of Bala, Rice varieties: Zabo Irrigation, Bamboo Drip Irrigation • . A. Albizia : Orchids lnus nepalensis, Ficus nepalensis, Alnus momum Amomum aromaticum, ), Kudzu vine vine Kudzu ), acuminata Artocarpus lakoocha, . A. procera, Pueraria edulis), Melon (Cucumis melo), Onion (Allium cepa), Spinach ), Tomato oleracea (Lycopersicon ); esculentum (Spinacia (Musa Banana Fruit: ( Ginger Spices: ); comosus (Ananas Pineapple (Zingiber ); officianale Fibre: Jute (Corchorus ),arabica (Coffea Coffee Beverages: olitorius); ). (Camellia sinensis Tea Other economic plant species: lebbeck, Berberis wardii, Costus speciosus, febrifuga, Dichroa torvum, S. khasianum, Solanum pseudoginseng, Eryngium cucumerianaTrichosanthes foetidum, chebula, Terminalia Panax . var cucumeriana, Multipurposeplants: Zanthoxylum Parkia alba, Morus rhetsa; oppositifolia, Grewia cunia, Zanthoxylum timoriana, rhetsa; D. nobile, D. Dendrobium chrysanthum, chama, chama, Corylus ferox, G. Garcinia Prunus xanthochymus, sopsopia, cerasoides, P. cornuta, Pyrus pyrifolia, Quercus Rhododendron griffithii, wattii, Medicinal plants: Shorea robusta, : Tripura North Tripura, West South Tripura, Tripura, and Dhalai. : Mizoram Lunglei, Aizwal, Champhal, Kolasib, Lawngtlai, Marnit, Chhimtuipui, Serchhip.

19 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing

Angamis, Angamis, irrigation Traditional bamboo sticks Associated tribes: Nagas, through Kachan Kuki, Angami, Mizoram rich Technology/product: Associated Associated tribes: Airnol, Any Angami, Mao, Mizo, Gongte Nagaland Technology/product: diversity. orchid Tripura Technology/product: in Orchids Diversity Associated tribes: Kuki Chakma, Bhil, • • • • • Swidden farming by • • • • B. Ziziphus

Momordica Momordica Vanda Blue Renanthera (Renanthera B. borealis B. Berberis micropetala, Areca nagensis, Camellia Red Vanda Setaria pallida-fusca, Solanum , sublevis var. sublevis B. thomsonii, , Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum. hirsutissimum. Paphiopedilum imschootiana), Wild : relatives drupifera, C. irrawadiensis, C. taliensis, C caudata, Curcuma amada, Dioscorea prazeri, D. hamiltonii, D. puber, D.lepcharum, Luffa , graveolens Mangifera , sylvatica , flaviflora Musa balbisiana, Musa macrophylla, rupicola, Phoenix dentata, Olea nagensium, M. P. wallichii, P. thomsonii, Piper P. attenuatum, P. acuminata, Prunus hamiltonii, P. peepuloides, Psilanthus arborea, lobata napaulensis, P. P. P. jenkinsii, tuberosa, Pueraria , fragrans P. jenkinsii, var. bracteatum, S. tetragonum, S. inophyllum, S. kurzii, S.grande, S. oblatum, Trichosanthes Vigna wallichiana, T. tricuspidata, T. cordata, vexillata, Zingiber capitatum, Z.chrysanthum, Z. Z. purpureum, cernum, , wardii funiculosa, Z. incurve. Z. funiculosa, Endemic species: wardianum, Rhynchostylis retusa; retusa; Rhynchostylis wardianum, (Vanda ), coerulea

20 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Hot Arid Eco-region Hot Desert saline soil thorn forests Tropical Traditional rain-fed arid agriculture Major crops: tolerant & short-duration drought crops, pearl millet, chari, sorghum & arid legumes (Cluster bean) and castor systems: Cropping pearlmillet and cluster of cropping Mixed bean; pearlmillet + mothbean, pearlmillet +clusterbean mungbean, castor + moth- + sesame, castorbean, + mungbean and castor + sesame • • • • • • • P. P. Piper Clusterbean Millets: . . , muneyporensis P. P. , liantakanum Oilseeds: Rapeseed, Rapeseed, Oilseeds: Hedychium Hedychium , venustum Lilium macklineae, Magnolia ), ), tetragonolobus Black gram P. P. falconeri, B. B. , feddii P. , meeboldii P. P Cereals: Cereals: Maize (Zea ), mays Rice parryii, var. var. Ilex khasiana, gustavii, Mahonia feddii, M.magnifica, , aurorubrum makruense, phalagense, Saussurea nagensis. phalagense, Crops: (Oryza ),Sorghum sativa ( Sorghum ), bicolor ); aestivum Wheat (Triticum millet (Pennisetum americanum),Pearl Legumes: Cowpea Vigna ( unguiculata), Chickpea (Cicer arietinum), (Cyamopsis gram ),Green radiata (Vigna ), mungo (Vigna Moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia), ); aegyptiaca (Luffa Sponge gourd Sesame (Sesamum ), napus taramira (Brassica indicum); Forage legume:Crotalaria ; burhia setigerus, Fodder grasses:C. Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon fulvus, Sorghum halepense. Lasiurus scindicus, Rajasthan Sikar, Pali, Nagaur, Hanumangarh, Ganganagar, Sirohi, Jalore, Udaipur, Jodhpur, Dungarpur, and Churu, part Jhunjhunu, of Jaisalmer, Bikaner. Arid western region 7.

21 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Technology/products: Technology/products: tolerant salinity & Drought varieties (Kharchia wheat, Bikaneri Nerma cotton) Indo-Aryans + Dravidians race with African and middle influenceAryan, of east culture religion & Hindu Associated tribes: Rabari, Bhil, Minas, Garasias, Bhishnoi been have areas forest The drastically reduced Bhishnoi’s are known for plant biodiversity saving Hot sub-humid eco- region of Central Highlands Medium & deep black soil dry deciduous Tropical forests dryland Traditional farming • • • • • • • • • Albizia butilon Abutilon bidentatum, Acacia nilotica, Balanites Aloe barbardensis, Commiphora Other economic ( Medicinal plant wightii); Multipurpose species: species: cineraria; ) Prosopis ( Timber (cacia A ). undulata Tecomella albida, lebbeck, Wild : relatives roxburghii, Commiphora caudata, Citrullus colocynthis, Crotalaria prophetarum, Psoralea burhia, corylifolia, Salvadora Cucumis oleoides, Withania nummularia coagulans, Ziziphus Endemic species: var. gynandra Cleome rajasthanensis, Cenchrus truncata Ziziphus Withania coagulans, nana, :Cereals: :Cereals: Crops Barley Hordeum ( vulgare ), Maize (Zea ), mays Triticum ( Rice Wheat bicolor), (Oryza (Sorghum Sorghum ), sativa aestivum); Millets: Finger millet (Eleusine ), coracana Foxtail millet Pearl scrobiculatum), (Paspalum millet Kodo Setaria ( italica)millet Proso , americanum ), (Pennisetum millet (Panicum miliare); Legumes: Black gram Chickpea (Cicer arietinum),), (Vigna mungo Madhya Madhya Pradesh Raisen, Shadol; Sehore, Bhopal, Shajapur, Ujjain, Indore, Mandasaur, Malwa Malwa Plateau and Central Highlands 8.

22 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Common crops: crops: Common pearlmillet, Sorghum, soybean, groundnut, season; rainy pulses in safflower, Sorghum, chickpea and sunflower in winters wheat, system: Cropping soybean-safflower, soybean-mustard, soybean-linseed Anupama, Rice varieties: Ratna, Cauvery, Bala, Jaya, Kalinga, Kranti, Jagiriti, Pragati, Vijaya, Dubraj Mahsuri, Kubrimohar (scented), Shera, Sharbati, Jayaraj, Mukta, Meghadoot, Narbada Austrics Indo-Aryan + race + Dravidians by Hindu influenced religion • • • Wheat varieties: • Timber: Timber: Cucumis melo Multipurpose nilotica; Dalbergia nilotica; A catechu, catechu, A Dendrocalamus Dendrocalamus strictus; Gum & Psoralea corylifolia, ), culta), Soybean Glycine ( max); Fruit: ), agrestis), Musk melon: (Cucumis melo species: species: (Boswellia serrata), Prosopis Resins: cineraria, oleoides. corylifolia, Salvadora Psoralea Cowpea Cowpea (Vigna pea (Pisum sativum), unguiculata ), Green gram Vigna ( uniflorus ), Macrotyloma ( gram Horse Garden ), radiata Pigeon pea (Cajanus Lentil (Lens culinaris), cajan); Vegetable: Melon ( var. var. Medicinal melon (Citrullus lanatus); Water plants: Opium Oilseeds: Groundnut (Papaver Arachis ( ), hypogaea Linseed somniferum); (Linum ),abyssinica ), usitatissimum Guizotia ( Niger juncea), (Brassica Mustard Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), Sesame (Sesamum indicum); (Coriandrun Spices: ), sativum Coriander Cumin ( Cuminum Marijuana). (Cannabis sativus cyminum), species: plant economic Other arabica, Acacia sissoo, Rajgarh, Rajgarh, Hoshangabad, Narsinghpur, Mandla, Jabalpur, Umaria

23 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Hot arid and eco-region semi-arid of Kachchh & Khambat gulf of Desert saline and deep & soil medium black Dry deciduous or thorn forests rain-fed Traditional agriculture & dry land farming pearlmillet, Sorghum, castor & groundnut, season pulses in rainy non- in pulses & Sorghum saline areas Associated Associated tribes: Bangri Barda, Jats, Bavacha, Bhil, • • • • • • •

; Amaranth Amaranth Cluster bean , Andropogon pumilus, Cajanus , cajanifolius Cucumis Cucumis prophetarum, Kodo millet Kodo (Paspalum , Pseudocereals: Green gram (Vigna ), radiata , ; maranthus Amaranthus hypocondriacus); Millets: Cyamopsis ), tetragonolobus Cowpea (Vigna ) Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan juncea), Brassica Wild Wild : relatives Carthamus oxycanthus, Citrullus colocynthis, Corchorus fascicularis , Psoralea corylifolia, Vigna Ziziphus nummularia hainiana, dalzelliana, V. Endemic species: deccanense, Sorghum tuberculatum, Dichanthium williamsii. Ziziphus Vigna hainiana, : : Crops Cereals: Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Maize (Zea ), mays Sorghum Rice (Sorghum Wheat bicolor), (Triticum (Oryza ), sativa aestivum) ( Finger millet (Eleusine millet (Setaria italica) ), coracana Foxtail scrobiculatum), Pearl glaucum), Proso millet (Panicum millet miliaeceum) ; Legumes: (Pennisetum Black Chickpea gram (Cicer arietinum) (Vigna ( ), mungo unguiculata) Moth bean (Vigna ( aconitifolia), Mustard Gujarat: Ahemadabad, Surendranagar, Rajkot, Jamnagar, Porbandar, Amreli, Junagarh, Bhavnagar, Surat, Bharuch, Valsad, Navsari, Banaskantha, Anand. Kathiawar Kathiawar region 9.

24 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cropping Cropping system: castor- pearlmilet, pearlmillet-chickpea Technology/products: castor- Kolhapur scented, Zinya, Pankhari Kamod, Jirsal, Bavacha Bhil, • • Kada, Sathi, varieties: Rice • Associated tribes: Barda, Cumin (Cuminum Cumin (Arachis Groundnut herbaceum), Vegetable: Vegetable: Bitter ( Lagenariasiceraria), gourd Bottle ), charantia gourd Brinjal (Momordica (Solanum (Capsicum annuum), ), melongena Okra esculentus); Fruit: Guava (Psidium Abelmoschus ( ) guajava , Chilli Jamun Spices: (Syzygium indica); (Mangifera cuminii), cyminum); Oilseeds: Sesamum Cotton Mango (Sesamum ), communis (Ricinus Castor indicum), (Gossypium ); hypogaea Forages legumes :Alhagi & pseudalhagi, Cenchrus grasses: biflorus, ciliaris, C. Chloris villosa, Cynodon Dactyloctenium dactylon, Indigofera aegypticum, ciliaris, Eragrostis D. compressa, Eleusine scindicum, oblongifolia, Medicago halpense; Sugar yielding crops: Sugarcane sativa, Tobacco (SaccharumNarcotics: officinarum); Sorghum (Nicotiana tabacum). Other economic plant species: Fibre (Tamarix Multipurpose: olitorius), (Corchorus kutchensis), Phalsa (Grewia asiatica, G subinaequalis). flavescens, G. bicolor, G.

25 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Hot & sub-humid eco- region between central and plains Gangetic fertile high lands of Pradesh Madhya soil Deep black dry deciduous Tropical forests • • •

. var , Cucumber , kathiwarensis, kathiwarensis, forma Ziziphus nummularia, Muskmelon (Cucumis , ); Vegetables: Bitter Vegetables: lanatus); Brassica tournefortii , Cucumis Brassica . stocksii . var Millets: Millets: Pearl millet (Pennisetum ; Momordica Momordica ) charantia ( Cucumis sativus) ( ), Okra (Abelmoschus) esculentus callosus), monosperma, monosperma, Sesbania purpureilineatum, concolor, Tephrosia Solanum jamnagarensis, cinerea Viola Ziziphus williamsii. : Crops Cereals: Barley (Hordeum ), vulgare Wheat (Triticum Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), aestivum) glaucum), Legumes: Chickpea Mung (Cicer (Glycine Soybean bean cajan), (Cajanus arietinum);pea Pigeon (Vigna Water ),Fruit: radiata ); mungo (Vigna bean Urd max), melon (Citrullus gourd : relatives Wild prophetarum, Eruca balsamina, sativa, Sesamum uncata, T. Trigonella occulta, pupureilineatum, Momordica alatum, Vigna Solanum khandalensis, oleoides Salvadora Endemic species: Clitoria ternatea Dipcadi Cyperus pilosula, ursulae var. dwarkensis, var. longiracemosa, Indigofera coerulea Uttar Pradesh: Banda, Jhansi, Chitrakoot, Datia, Damoh, Jalaun, Hamirpur, Lalitpur Bundelk- hand region 10.

26 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing cultivation in Traditional rain-fed Traditional farming water Traditional lakes, through harvesting ponds, tanks, reservoirs, etc. Sorghum, Pearl Sesame, mung millet, bean, urd soybean, pea, pigeon bean, cotton, sunhemp in rainy season gram, barley, Wheat, masoor, mustard, linseed, in peas & vegetables winters Zaid: the dry includes, Kakri, river melon, muskmelon water beds; and vegetables Cropping pulses (mung bean, urd bean), sesame or fodder system: sorghum • • • • • • . var Acacia Shorea Trichosanthes Trichosanthes dioica, Cucumis harwickii, C. C. harwickii, Cucumis Madhuca indica, . mollis, Boswellia serrata, serrata, Boswellia mollis, A. , A.Abelmoschustetraphyllus Trichosanthes cucumeriana. cucumeriana. (Trichosanthes Momordica balsamina, M. dioica, dioica, M. balsamina, Momordica tuberculatus, A. . senegal, senegal, A. . grandis Tectona Sesamum Sesamum laciniatum, silvestris. var. Vigna mungo : relatives Wild pungens, prophetarum, , robusta ; anguina) Oilseeds: Groundnut ), hypogaea ( Arachis Linseed ( Linum ) usitatissimum , Mustard (Brassica juncea), Niger Guizotia ( ), abyssinica Rape seed Safflower (Brassica (Carthamus napus), tinctorius), Sesame (Sesamum ). (Gossypium herbaceum indicum); Fibre: Other economic plant species: Cotton nilotica, Buchnania lanzan, Commiphora Butea wightii, Imperata monosperma, cylindrica Prosopis , cineraria, gourd Snake Madhya Madhya : Pradesh Datia, Damoha, Sagar, Panna, Tikamagarh Chattarpur, Sidhi , Rewa, Satna in Madhya Pradesh

27 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing during during kharif by followed mustard or linseed during linseed/ mung bean, Rabi, sesame-mustard/ safflower, lentil/peas. Sorghum pulses with intercropped is Technology/products: Bold seeded varieties of pigeon pea Indo-Aryan + + Austrics Dravidians race culture Aryan of with Influence & Hindu religion Associated tribes: Bhrias, Gonds. • • • • ), ), mays Rice : : Crops Cereals: Maize Zea ( (Oryza ), Sorghum sativa (Sorghum )bicolor , Wheat aestivum); (Triticum Pseudocereals: Amaranth (Amaranthus Millets: ); esculentum (Fagopyrum Buckwheat ), hypocondriacus Pearl Kodo millet scrobiculatum), (Paspalum millet (Pennisetum glaucum ), Proso millet gram Black Legumes: ); miliaeceum (Panicum Chickpea (Cicer arietinum), ), (Vigna mungo Central Uttar Pradesh Sitapur, Hardoi, Barabanki, Unnao, Lucknow, Rae Bareilly, Kannuj Kanpur, Upper Gangetic Plains 11.

28 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Hot sub-humid region Northern of plains eco- soil Alluvium-derived and moist tropical Natural dry deciduous forests Traditional rain-fed and irrigated agriculture Rice, Major crops: in Jute pigeonpea, maize, and wheat season; rainy in winter sugarcane systems: Cropping vegetables, sugarcane, rice-potato-wheat Technology/products: Janak. Kalyansona, • • • • • • Central Uttar Pradesh • Sonalika, Wheat varieties:

. var Bitterguard Cauliflower Cauliflower Fenugreek Corchorus Fibre: Solanum incanum; Cabbage ), gemmifera capitata), botrytis), Lasora aquatica, Ipomoea Lentil (Lens culinaris), Brassica (Brassica Mustard Black Oilseeds: var. oleracea var. Luffa (Luffa acutangula), Round gourd (Brassica Garden Garden pea (Pisum sativum), Green gram (Vigna ), radiata Pigeon pea (Cajanus Ash cajan); Vegetables: gourd (Benincasa var. oleracea (B. sprouts hispida), Brussels (Brassica oleracea var. (Momordica dioica), Luffa echinata, Ridged gourd (Citrullus fistulosus), Fruits: Water chestnut (Trapa natans bispinosa); ), nigra Mustard Safflower (Carthamus (Brassica tinctorius), Sesame (Sesamum tournifortii), indicum); Spices: ); foenum-graceum (Trigonella Sugarcane crops: yielding Sugar trilocularis; (Saccharum officinarum). Other economic plant species: Bael (Aegle marmelos), (Phyllanthus ), emblica Indian Indian night shade indicum), (Solanum gooseberry (Cordia ), myxa Phalsa (Grewia ), paniculata Medicinal (Andrographis ); asiatica North-eastern : Uttar Pradesh Maharajganj, Sidharatnagar, Kushinagar, Sant Deoaria, Kabir Nagar, Basti Gorakhpur,

29 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Technology/products: Technology/products: Aromatic rice Jaya, ‘Kala others: Namak’ varieties Basmati, Palman, Jhona, Bala, Madukar Cauvery, Chakia, Sarjoo, Saket, Indo-Aryan + Dravidians culture Ahirs Associated tribes: Hot sub-humid eco- region of Eastern Gangetic plain soil Alluvium-derived Tropical moist and dry deciduous forests North-eastern Uttar Pradesh • • • • • •

Brassica Brassica Phoenix Phoenix Derris scandens Withania Withania ); sominifera belmoschus manihot, Abelmoschus

Carthamus oxycanthus, Carthamus Curcuma oxycanthus, Timber (Dalbergia sissoo, Shorea Trigonella occulta, T. polycerata, T. occulta, Trigonella ; . . saharanpurensis, Indigofera gangetica, Ziziphus oenoplia. oenoplia. ciliata,), Ziziphus Toona robusta, : relatives Wild lbizia lebbeck, Thysanolaena Thysanolaena (Albizia lebbeck, Multipurpose: maxima) , quadrivalvis Dioscorea rubescens, C. leucorhiza, C. ferrugenea, kalkapershadii, Luffa hermophrodita, Hibiscus aphaca, Lathyrus remotiflora, Lactuca surattensis, , balsamina M. subangulata, Momordica robusta, P. paludosa, Syzygium , heyneanum Saccharum benghalensis, S. spontaneum , ravennae S.. Endemic var : species Indopiptadenia stracheyi. oudhensis, Pachyrrhizus : : Crops Cereals: Barley (Hordeum ), vulgare Maize Zea ( ), mays (Triticum Wheat Rice bicolor ), (Sorghum (Oryza Sorghum ), sativa aestivum); (Amaranthus Pseudocereals: hypocondriacus); Finger millet (Eleusine Amaranth Millets: Cymbopogon Cymbopogon martinii, Psoralea corylifolia , Rubia manjith, North Bihar: The Paschim Champaran, Purbi Lower Lower Gangetic plain 12.

30 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Ahar irrigation system Traditional rain-fed Traditional agriculture maize & Rice crops: Major and wheat season; rainy in without or with sugarcane irrigation in winter Cropping systems: rice- wheat, rice-mustard, rice- rice-chickpea, lentil and pulses-rabi pea and pigeon Sugarcane maize. Technology/products: Prahalad, Vishnu, Narsing, Bala, Ratna, Kanchan, Seeta, Kiran, Cauvery, Jassaria, Mahasuri, jaya, Tulsimanjari; Indo-Aryan + Dravidians + Austrics races culture Aryan Ahirs Associated tribes: • • • • Padma, Rice varieties: • •

botrytis), Mango capitata), ), gemmifera spontaneum, Cotton (Gossypium var. oleracea var. Saccharum Oilseeds: Brassica. (Brassica. oleracea var. ); Tuber: Potato (Solanum Potato Tuber: bispinosa); ), ), coracana Foxtail millet Proso scrobiculatum ), (Paspalum millet Kodo (Setaria ), italica millet (Panicum ); milliare Legumes: Black mustard (Brassica ), nigra Mustard (Brassica juncea), Rape seed Brassica ( Black napus), gram (Vigna ), mungo arietinum), Chickpea Cowpea (Cicer (Vigna Green gram unguiculata), (Vigna ), radiata Lentil (Lens culinaris), Pigeon pea Ricebean (Cajanus (Vigna cajan), oleracea var. umbellata); Brussels (B. sprouts Vegetable: Cabbage Cauliflower (Brassica Chilli (Capsicum ); annuum Fruit: (Mangifera indica), Water chestnut ( Trapa var. natans tuberosum); Eragrostis gangetica, E. Panicum pilosa, maximum, Pennisetum pedicellatum, E. tenella, P.purpureum, Litchi chinensis, myxa, Cordia Citrus paradisii, ), Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). Safflower herbaceum), Other Economic plant species: Vetiveria ziznoides; Fruit: (Aegle marmelos, Champaran, Champaran, Gopalganj, Sitamarhi, Siwan, Muzaffarapur, Buxar, Sasaram, Patna, Bhjojpur, Rohatas, Bhabua, Vaishali, Jhanabad, Samastipur, Darbangha, Madhubani, Sheohar, Madhupura.

31 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Hot humid eco-region soil Alluvium-derived Tropical moist and dry deciduous forests • • • Phoenix Phoenix Ipomoea .sericeus, .sericeus, Iseilema lbizia lbizia thompsonii A var Trigonella balanse, T.

Brassica quadrivalvis, Timber (Terminalia arjuna; T. Madhuca (Madhuca Multipurpose: ); cuminii Syzygium ), longifolia bellerica) Wild : relatives Carthamus oxycanthus, Curcuma Carum ferrugenea, villosum, rubescens, Dioscorea kalkapershadii, C. Erianthus leucorhiza, arundinaceus, Hibiscus C. , surattensis aquatica, Lactuca remotiflora, Lathyrus aphaca, , balsamina M. subangulata, Momordica paludosa, P. robusta, SaccharumSyzygium , heyneanum Ziziphus oenoplia , ravennae polycerata, T. occulta, Endemic species: var. galbana, Dendrocalamus strictus Chrysopogon Leucas helectrifolia. holei, hamiltonii, : Crops Cereals: Barley (Hordeum ), vulgare Maize Zea ( ), mays Triticum ( Wheat Rice bicolor), (Sorghum (Oryza Sorghum ), sativa aestivum); Finger Millets: hypocondriacus); (Amaranthus Pseudocereals: millet Foxtail ), millet (Eleusine coracana Amaranth West Bengal: West South 24 North Parganas, 24 Parganas, Gangetic Gangetic delta 13.

32 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Traditional rain-fed Traditional agriculture jute rice, Major crops: systems: Cropping rice-potato rice-wheat, - sesame/groundnut/ jute-rice- sunflower, jute-mustard. sunflower, Technology/products: Cauvery, Krishna, Ratna, flood tolerant Supriya; varieties- Jalaplabhan, salt tolerant Jaldhi; varieties- Nona Bokra, scented varieties- Rupsali; Govind Gopal bhog, Kammini bhog, bhog, Seeta Randhumipagal, Disease Kataribhog; bhog, varieties- Jaya, resistance Surekha, Vani, Rasi, Lal Basmati Sonamukhi, • • • • Jayanthi, Jaya, rice; Boro Tea Tea Butea Chilli (Colocasia capitata), A.campanulatus), var. oleracea var. B. botrytis, var. oleracea var. gemmifera, gemmifera, B. oleracea var. (Capsicum annuum), Cucumber (Cucumis Luffasativus), Carissa( Karonda ), carandas (Luffa ), aegyptiaca Musk melon (Cucumis melo), Winged ); tetragonolobus bean Fruits: Pomello maxima); Citrus ( Psophocarpus ( Tuber: (Amorphophallus Elephant-foot bulbifer, yam Taro tuberosum), (Solanum Potato esculenta, C. ); fallax Oilseeds: Sunflower (Helianthus annuus); Fibre: Jute (Corchorus Sugarcane crops: yielding Sugar capsularis); (Saccharum officinarum); Beverages: (Camellia sinensis); Narcotics: (Nicotiana tabacum). Tobacco Other economic plant : species: monosperma, Dendrocalamus strictus; Fruit Haldinia cordifolia, (Phoenix paludosa), (Setaria ), italica Kodo ), scrobiculatum millet Legumes: Chickpea (Paspalum (Cicer arietinum), Green gram (Vigna Pigeon ), radiata pea Brassica (Cajanus charantia), (Momordica gourd Bitter cajan); Vegetable: (Brassica Howrah, Howrah, Nadia, Hooghly, Bardhaman, and Birbhum Murshidabad.

33 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Sundarbans is named after is named after Sundarbans “Sundari”: called tree (Heritiera fomes). + Indo-Mongolides Austrics of with influence Aryans Hot sub-humid region of Eastern Plateau eco- & Ghats soil Red loamy Tropical dry and moist deciduous forests Traditional agriculture millets, Rice, Major crops: rain-fed Rice season; rainy in pulses and wheat with irrigation in winter • • • • • • •

Yam bean Yam oleracea var. oleracea B. gemmifera, Abelmoschus manihot, Curcuma (Curcuma ), angustifolia Multipurpose: Multipurpose: ); puber (Dioscorea ), capitata), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), India arrow root alu Kukur (Madhuca ); Shorea robusta chebula; ); indica T. arjuna, Timber (Terminalia ) erosus (Pachyrhizus Wild : relatives Carthamus Corchorus oxycanthus, trilocularis, Curcuma aromatica, C. ferruginea, Porteresia coarctata. rufipogon, Oryza : : Crops Cereals: Maize (Zea ), mays Rice (Oryza ), Sorghum sativa Sorghum ( bicolor); Pseudocereals: Amaranth hypocondriacus); (Amaranthus Millets: (Eleusine Finger ); coracana Legumes: Horse gram millet (Macrotyloma uniflorum var. Uniflorum), Moth bean Pegion (Vigna pea aconitifolia), umbellata); (Vigna bean Rice cajan), (Cajanus Vegetable: Bottle siceraria), gourd Brassica var. oleracea (Brassica B. botrytis, (Lagenaria var. Kundri Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Jharkhand: Singhbhum, Ranchi, Gumla, Lohardaga, Palamau, Hazaribhag and Santhal Pargana. Orissa: Mayurbhanj Chota Nagpur region 14.

34 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cropping Cropping systems: rice- toria, rice-mustard, rice- niger, rice-lentil rice-groundnut, sesamum. and rice- Technology/products: Bala Palman, Indo-Aryan + Austrics + Dravidians with influence Aryans of Associated tribes: Munda Kols, • • Rice varieties: Cauvery, • •

, Carum Albizia Wheat , cacia donaldii, Acacia donaldii, Cajanus scarabaeoides, C. Musa sapientum, Oryza nivara, O. O. Oryzanivara, sapientum, Musa Terminalia Terminalia . arjuna Fruit: (Aegle ); Pseudocereals: Amaranth Amaranth Pseudocereals: aestivum); Triticum (Coccinia indica); Fruit: Pineapple (Ananas Taro (Colocasia Tubers: comosus); ) esculenta Yam (Dioscorea esculenta); Spices: Ginger officinalis ). (Zingiber Other Diospyros monosperma, economic (Butea Multipurpose: plant melanoxylon, Madhuca longifolia, Schleichera species: oleosa, Jungali marmelosSpices: Syzygium cuminii), ). haldi (Curcuma aromatica Wild : belophylla, relatives Dioscorea longa, Curcuma cajanifolia, D. kalkapershadii D. wightii, balsamina, Momordica rufipogon,Trilobata. Rhynchosia bracteata, R. minima, V. Vigna hainiana, rufescens, R. Endemic species: orissensis, Cajanus villosum, cajanifolius, Pycnocycla glauca. Phyllanthus narayanaswamii, : : Crops Cereals: Sorghum Rice (Oryza( (Sorghum ) sativa bicolor) Chhattisgarh: Bilaspur, Bastar, Raipur, Durg, Bastar region 15.

35 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing

Hot sub-humid region of North-eastern eco- plateau Ghats & soil Red & yellow Tropical moist deciduous forests rain-fed Traditional farming millets, Rice, Major crops: wheat; oilseeds & pulses, Rice & wheat irrigated Cropping systems: rice- rice-lentil, rice-chickpea, khesari (Lathyrus), rice- linseed, sesame is grown. also Technology/products: Lalat, Rice landraces: Dhubraj, Badshabhog, Mehar, Kursobhog, Jajathi, Neemchudi, Nanichudi, Umrichudi Safri, • • • • • • • pudding & Aromatic melongena), sumatrense); Legumes: Black (Amaranthus spp.); millet Millets: (Echinochloa Barnyard ), frumentacea millet Finger (Eleusine ), coracana ), (Paspalumscrobiculatum Kodo millet (Panicum Little gram millet (Vigna ), mungo arietinum), Chickpea Green gram (Cicer Moth (Vigna bean ), radiata (Vigna ), aconitifolia (Brassica Mustard juncea), Bottle Pigeon Vegetables: gourd cajan); (Lagenaria pea ( Cajanus ), sicerarea Brinjal Chickling pea (Solanum (Lathyrus Dolichos ), sativus bean (Lablab purpureus), Kundri (Coccinia indica), Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), Winged (Psophocarpus ); tetragonolobus Yam Tubers: bean ), (Dioscorea Sugarcane bulbifera (Saccharum officinarum). Jashpur, Jashpur, Kabirdham, Korba, Kanker, Mahasamu, Koria, Kondaigoan, Rajnandgoan.

36 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Indo-Aryan Indo-Aryan + races Austrics with influenceHindu religion of Associated tribes: Ojhas, Bhils, Gonds, Korlcens & Kols Hot sub-humid eco- Hot sub-humid region of Northern- eastern Ghats soils Red loamy genetic richnessin to Due diversity in rice, declared as GIAHS Tropical dry and moist deciduous forests rain-fed Traditional farming millets, Rice, Major crops: season; duringrainy pulses Rice & protective wheat irrigation winters in with • • • • • • • •

Ricebean Brassica. (Brassica. oleracea Brinjal (Solanum sumatrense), Pearl ); americana); Legumes: oleracea (Brassica Cauliflower Black gram (Vigna (Cicer ), mungo Chickpea unguiculata), arietinum), Green gram (Vigna ), radiata Horse Cowpea gram Pigeonpea (Vigna (Macrotyloma (Cajanus Bitter gourd Vegetables: (Vigna uniflorum)umbellata); ), cajan , (Momordica charantia), var. oleracea Brussels (B. sprouts melongena), ), gemmifera Cabbage capitata), var. : : Crops Cereals: Maize (Zea , mays) Rice (Oryza ), Sorghum sativa Sorghum ( bicolor); Pseudocereals: Amaranth hypocondriacus); (Amaranthus Millets: (Eleusine Finger ), coracana Foxtail ),scrobiculatum millet (Paspalum millet (Setaria millet Kodo italica), Little millet (Panicum millet (Pennisetum : Gajpati, Gajpati, Orissa: Kalahandi, Koraput, Malkangiri, Bolangir, Jeypore, Sonabeda, Nabrangpur, Rayagada Andhra Pradesh: Srikakulam, Vishkhapatnam, Vizianagram Koraput Koraput region 16.

37 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Baddu Cropping Cropping systems: rice- toria/mustard, niger, rice-sesame, rice- rice-groundnut, rice potato --groundnut/-sesame. Combination castor of farming: crop Mixed crops: castor turmeric; ginger/ + / +sesame castor +sesame; pegion nut. pea + ground origin of centre Secondary for rice Technology/products: 340/450): Bayagunda, dhan, Bidamasolpuru, Chinna Budama, Erra Ekobit, kondangi, budama, Kodu budama, Metta Meraka vari, Padadhan, budagalu, Paramayipalu, Pantoor, Potti Pasupusannalu, • • • • Rice landraces ( c. Musa sapientum); (Musa Jackfruit Jackfruit (Artocarpus Indian Gooseberry Melon (Cucumis melo Karonda Karonda (Carissa ), carandas botrytis ), Chilli (Capsicum annuum), var. var. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), (Lablab purpureus ), Dolichos var. agrestis), Pumpkin Cucurbita ( Ridged gourd (Luffa acutangula), Soybean pepo), (Glycine max), Banana Fruit: ); aegyptiaca Sponge potato Sweet alata), (Dioscorea Yam gourd Tubers: (Luffa (Ipomoea ); batata Oilseeds: Castor (Ricinus ), communis Niger Sesame (Sesamum Pepper Spices: ); indicum Guizotia ( ), abysinica (Piper nigrum). Other economic plant species: Fruit: Banana (Musa ), paradisiaca (Phoenix , ) dactylifera Date palm (Phyllanthus ), emblica ), heterophyllus Mango (Mangifera (Citrus maxima), Tamarind indica), (Tamarindus indica), Wood Apple (Limonia ) acidissima Pomello ; Mahua Cinnamon (Cinnamomum tamala), (Madhuca longifolia), Syzygium Beedi leaf (Diospyros Tendu cuminii; ), melanoxylon ), Sal grandis (Tectona Teak (Diospyros kaki), ).(Shorea robusta

38 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing 1200 (Pokkali rice sannalu, Sanna dhanyam, Sanna dhanyam, sannalu, savaralu, Sitamma Tella Sopurudhan, Budama, Toka budama, Vooda Voldisopuru, sannalu varieties) Pigeonpea 15): landraces ( c. saan, Gaya Cuttikandulu, Kanti Marasi saan, jang Nadipikandulu, saan, Nemali pitta kandulu, Tarba Pedda kandulu, Tulu sirikandi, Tella saan, sirikandi Yerra masaan, Little millet landraces: Swan Kosla, medicinal plants Austrics + Dravidian race with influence of culture. Dravidian basangulu, Sagara • Albizia . tenuifolius, tenuifolius, A. cacia donaldii, donaldii, Acacia Abelmoschus , ficulneus . viridis, viridis, A. Endemic Species: Endemic maranthus Amaranthus dubius, Ampelocissus indica, Cucumis iners, Cinnamomum Cajanus Carissainermis, cajanifolius, pubesens, Dalbergia paniculata, intermedia, D. wightii, Dioscorea Mangifera sylvatica, Oryza Olea polygama, balsamina, Momordica coarctata, Panicum hippothrix, P. trypheron, Phoenix pusilla, sylvestris, P. robusta, P. zeylanicum, P. S. alternfolia, Syzygium paludosa, Trigonella occulta, Vigna triloba, Ziziphus horrida. orissensis, Bupleurum andhricum, narayanaswamii. Phyllanthus cajanifolius, Cajanus Wild Wild relative:

39 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Associated Associated tribe: Bagata, Bondos, Dora, Gadaba, Gond, Jatapu, Konda Khond, Reddi, Dora, Kotiya, Manne Mali, Konda Kulia, Dora. Koya, Reddi Porja, Mppla Dora, Valmiki Savara, Dora, Hot arid eco-region, dry with less rain mm) fall (500 soil red & black Mixed thorn forests Tropical Traditional farming, fallowing land rain-fed in the rainy season and growing crop on residual moisture Major crops: pearlmillet, finger millet; Kharif- Rabi- Sorghum, cotton, oilseeds • • • • • • ), lignosus), Green gram (Vigna ), radiata : : Crops Cereals: (Triticum Wheat Rice bicolor), (Sorghum Sorghum Oryza ( ), sativa Pearl Millets: aestivum); millet (Pennisetum glaucum); Legumes: arietinum), Field Chickpea bean (Lablab var. (Cicer purpureus Groundnut (Arachis gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), Pigeon pea ), hyogaea Brinjal (Solanum Vegetable: cajan); (Cajanus Horse melongena), Okra belmoschus (A esculentus ), Onion Citrus(Allium Fruits: cepa); Citrus ( ), aurantifolia Karonda (Carissa (Citrus Pomello Mango indica), (Mangifera ) carandas maxima); Oilseeds: Cotton arboreum), Gossypium ( Levant Niger ), juncea (Brassica Mustard herbaceum), Cotton (Gossypium Andhra Pradesh: Chitoor, Cuddapah, Kurnool Ananthpur Karnataka: Raichur, Bellary, Kolar Southern Eastern Ghats 17.

40 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing

Thella : Cropping systems: rice- systems: Cropping rice-groundnut, sesame, sesame- rice-sunflower, mungbean millet, finger bean-groundnut, /urd fingermillet-rice- rice-rice- groundnut, rice-rice- and groundnut, castor others are sesame; + ginger/ turmeric, castor cotton + sesame, + + sesame & pigeonpea groundnut. Technology/products: sanna Yerra vodlu, sanna vodlu kandi, Peda landraces: kandi, bean Tota Field kandi; Natu anumulu Anapa, vanga, Saara vanga, Tella vanga Tella mulaka, • • Rice landraces Pigeonpea landraces:Natu Brinjal landraces : Sanna Annona Syzygium . A. dubius, Olea polygama, Phoenix pusilla, P. . A. viridis, C. C. candollei, Carissa , S.prostratum Abelmoschus ficulneus, granulata, granulata, O. officinalis var. P. trypheron, P. P. robusta, P. paludosa, Sesamum . . malampuzhaensis, O. nivara, Panicum Cajanus , scarabaeoides inermis, Cinnamomum madurensis, C. iners, rigida, Dioscorea Crotalaria Cucumis pubesens, intermedia, niger, Momordica , balsamina D.wightii, O. Lablab meyeriana var hippothrix, sylvestris, laciniatum, S. ciliatum, Guizotia (Guizotia ), abyssinica Sesame indicum); ( Sesamum Fibre: Sunnhemp juncea). Crotalaria ( : species plant Economic Other squamosa, Borassus Dendrocalamus gladiata, Digitariahamiltonii, flabellifer, Canavalia tomentosa, Limonia indica, acidissima, Panicum geradei, Pongamia pinnata, Madhuca Pterocarpus bellerica, Terminalia santalinus, urens, S. Sterculia foetida, Santalum album, T.chebula. Wild : relatives Amaranthus tenuifolius,

41 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing runoff water Dravidians Dravidians and cultures tribal Associated tribe: Bangris & Some Negritos tribes erragadda, Erra gadda, Tella Tella gadda, Erra erragadda, gadda) Mango landraces; Banganapalli, Cheruvu reservoirs to store store to reservoirs Cheruvu

l • • Onion landraces: Chinna Vegetables: Vegetables: Millets: Finger Millets: Chickpea (Cicer S. S. alternfolia, S. zeylanicum, Mango (Mangifera indica), Musk Boswellia ovalifoliolata, Endemic species: Boswellia ovalifoliolata, : : Crops Cereals: Rice ); bicolor (Sorghum Sorghum (Oryza ) sativa millet , (Eleusine ), coracana Foxtail (Setaria millet italica), Kodo scrobiculatum), millet (Paspalum Pearl millet glaucum); (Pennisetum Legumes: arietinum), Green gram (Vigna Horse ), radiata gram Pigeonpea (Macrotyloma (Cajanus cajan ); Canavalia uniflorum), (Canavalia ensiformis ); Banana Fruit: (Musa (Cucumis ), sapientum Cucumber sativus), anguria), Gherkin melon Water melon (Cucumis melo), (Cucumis , aromaticum S. , jambos Trigonella occulta, Vigna triloba, horrida.Ziziphus amara. acutangula var. Luffa Cycas beddomei, Tamil Nadu Tamil Anna, Chengai Arcot, South Arcot, North Ambedkar, Thiuvannamalai, Tiruchirapalli, Pudukottai, Vellore, Thiruarur, Kanchipuram, Dharmapuri, Namakkal, Salem, Karur and Dindigal Kaveri Kaveri region 18.

42 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Hot semi-arid eco-region Southern-eaternof Ghats, including Leeward parts fall rain (600- higher with 1000 mm) soil Red loamy Tropical dry deciduous and thorn forests Traditional farming Major rain-fed and oilseeds crops: pulses, millets, sugarcane Rice, during Kharif; sesame, mustard, Sorghum, peas during Rabi Cropping systems: Rice cultivated under irrigated agriculture Coconut as crop plantation Technology/products: Sirumani, Kroujothi, • • • • • • • • Nadu Tamil Katta, Rice landraces : Dalbergia latifolia, Oryza officinalis, Solanum Oryzaofficinalis, ). Katha (Acacia catechu). Dyes: Albizia , amara Citrullus (Citrullus Tamarind lanatus), (Tamarindus indica); Tubers: (Amorphophalus ), paeonifolius Potato Elephant-foot yam (Ipomoea Potato Sweet ), (Dioscorea bulbifera yam batatas), Yam (Dioscorea Curcuma alata); Spices: latifolia, flabellifer). Tapioca (Manihot Palmyra ); esculentum Oilseeds: (Borassus Cotton (Gossypium ). (Arachis hypogaea Groundnut hirsutum), Other Economic Fruits: plant Tamarindus plants: indica; species: serpentinabellirica );Multipurpose:; Medicinal T. paniculata, T. tomentosa, Morus Terminalia Rauvolfia alba, Wood: (Rauvolfia Sandal wood (Santalum ); album Timber: (Tectona ), grandis Palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer); Wild relatives: pubesens, Cucumis Cajanus Vigna occulta, Trigonella surattense. S. nigrum, scaraboides, triloba.

43 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing

Aruvamjurvai, Aruvamjurvai, Sirusamba, Punkabisamba, Perunellu, Modumulingi, Mottanellu, Dhonanellu, etc. Nanavari, Kottanellu, Silippisolam, Mokkasolam, Pottusolam Chencholam, Chencholam, Karuncholam Nattukambu, Potuukambu, Kattukambu Malakambu, Karunthinai, Senthinai, Korai, Vellanthinai, Arapandi Vippanthiani, Vellasurattai, Karunsurattai, Vellari, Senduragi) Koolavalai, Sadaisamba, Sadaisamba, Koolavalai, : Maize landraces Sorghum landraces: Pearlmillet landraces: Pearlmillet millet landraces: Foxtail Fingermillet landraces: Periarati, Thoovalkevuru, . var Arthraxon inermis Jatropha Jatropha villosa Ceropegia Ceropegia odorata, Chloris Endemic species: Endemic Arthraxon deccanensis, var velevii, bournei, Crotalaria madurensis, coromandeliana, Dalbergia ramnadensis.

44 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Vellasama, Sindikilisama, Sindikilisama, Vellasama, Karunsamai, Pillusamai, Kothusamai Odusamai, : Dolichos landraces Pandhal Avarai, Kollu, Karuppu avarai, avarai, avarai, Oor avarai, Vellai Mochai foliage) Dravidians with influence of western cultures Kota Associated tribe: Hot semi-arid eco-region Shallow medium soil black (MS) Red & black soil (AP) Tropical dry deciduous & thornforests forests Traditional farming rain-fed : landraces Little millet Karnataka Soppina Bettas (hillock • • • • • •

Sorghum (Sorghum ), bicolor : : Crops Cereals: vulgare), Maize (Zea ), mays Rice (Oryza Barley ), sativa Hordeum ( Wheat (Triticum Barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea), aestivum); Finger millet (Eleusine Millets: ), coracana Panicum ( millet Little Foxtail (Setariaitalica ), millet sumatrense), Pearl americanum),Proso millet (Pennisetum Maharashtra: Hingoli, Jalna, Beed, Pharbhani, Latur, Nanded, Osmanabad, Solapur, Gondia, Sangli, Gadchiroli Deccan Plateau 19.

45 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Major crops: Sorgum, Sorgum, Major crops: pearlmillet, pigeonpea, Rabi- groundnut; cotton, safflower, Sorghum, on stored sunflower Irrigated ricemoisture; (AP) systems: Cropping sorghum-safflower/ sunflower/groundnut, soybean-safflower, soybean-chickpea, cotton- cotton-sunflower, and pigeon groundnut Sorghum, pea-sesame. cotton and pigeonpea intercropped are sesame, with soybean, groundnut Technology/products: Badi jowar, Alluna jola, • • Maharashtra • Sorghum landraces:

. . , , . A. A var Dry

Fruit: , . Cucumber , Groundnut , . indica, indica, subsp. . leucophloea A. nogeissus latifolia, Anogeissus latifolia, Carthamus tinctorius), ( Momordica Momordica ) charantia ( Acacia campbelii, A.farnesiana, cacia nilotica nilotica Acacia Corchorus antichorus) ( lbizia lebbeck, Albizia lebbeck, Cucumis sativus), Musk melon (Cucumis Arachis ), hypogaea Niger (Guizotia Gossypium arboreum, ) G.herbaceum Vigna trilobata),( Vigna Pillipesara ), cajan Cajanus Chilli (Capsicum annuum) ( melo), Ridged gourd (Luffa ) acutangula Sponge gourd (Luffa ); aegyptiaca Jamun (Syzygium Brassica cuminii); (Brassica Oilseeds: ( ) juncea ), Safflower abyssinica Sesame Cotton Fibre: (Sesamum indicum); ( land Jute Other Economic Multipurpose: plant jacquemontii, species: leucophloea, pinnata, Butea monosperma, Boswellia serrata, ); Legumes: millet ); milliare (Panicum Black gram (Vigna ), mungo Chickpea arietinum), (Cicer Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata ), Green gram (Vigna ), radiata Pigeonpea ( Ricebean (Vigna umbellata); Vegetables: Bitter gourd Andhra Andhra : Pradesh Adilabad, Karimnagar, Warangal, Khammam Karnataka: Gulbarga Bidar,

46 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Harni jowar, Hulgi Harni jowar, Maldandi, Kavaali, jola, Pandhari jowar Bhanadaras, check dams or diversion weirs; Phad community-managedirrigation Indo-Aryans, Dravidians, also (Coorgis and Parsis) patches with in influence of Brachycephals western cultures gantalu, Chalka Cheruku vadlu, luchchalu, buchi Chinna sindhu Chinna Goranka bayalu, vadlu, Erra vodlu, tokalu, Duppi mukkulu, Kare budamalu, Kattakichidi, Nalla vadlu, Sudi vanja, Roti singaralu, Dagadi jowar, Gulbendi, Gulbendi, jowar, Dagadi Irrigation: Kohli Tanks; • Andhra Pradesh: Rice landraces: Bobbili I. . A. Chloris Panicum Panicum ndrographis Andrographis Digitaria tomentosa, tomentosa, Digitaria maranthus Amaranthus caudatus, Aegle marmelos; Buchnania Cassia montana, , nivara Oryza sykesii, Amorphophallus campanulatus, Fruit: Fruit: var. var.

Citrus sinensis, Flacourtia inermis, Crotalaria rigida, Crotalaria deccanense, deccanense, Sophora lawsonii. interrupta, Vetiveria Eragrostis deccanensis, Indigofera Eragrostis deccanesis, deccanensis, glandulosa bournei, Santalum album, Terminalia alata, T.arjuna, T. T. T.arjuna, alata, Terminalia album, Santalum bellerica, lanzen, Hibiscus cannabinus, Phyllanthus Syzygium cumini. Limonia acidissima, , emblica Wild : relatives polygamus, Corchorus acutangulus, C. tridens, Dioscorea intermedia, D. wightii, S. Sorghum deccanense, Trilobachne stapfii, cookie, hainiana. Vigna Endemic serphyllifolia, species:

47 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Chiruthalavalu, Chiruthalavalu, Gingrijowar, Dhanijowar, Pandimuttejonna, Pelalajonna, Patchajonna, Sadgurujonna, Vanijowar Tekdarijonna, Indo-Aryan + Dravidians races Associated tribe: Adivasi, Jati Vanya Girijan and Hot humid- eco- subhumid region of Western Ghats & coastal plains Vulliguththulu Vulliguththulu : landraces Sorghum • • • melongena), Brussels sprouts B. ( Cereals: Cereals: Rice (Oryza ), sativa Crops: Crops: (Triticum Wheat bicolor ), (Sorghum Sorghum aestivum); Millets: Finger millet (Eleusine ), coracana Foxtail millet Pearl Setaria ( millet (Pennisetum italica), glaucum), Proso millet (Panicum miliare); Legumes: Black gram (Vigna ), mungo unguiculata), Cow Green pea gram (Vigna (Vigna ), radiata Horse gram Pegion pea (Macrotyloma (Cajanus Bottle gourd uniflorum), cajan); (Lagenaria Vegetable: siceraria), Brinjal (Solanum ica. (Brass ), Cabbage gemmifera var. oleracea Maharashtra: Mumbai, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Thane, Konkan Konkan region 20.

48 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Red, Red, soils alluvium-derived lateritic Tropical moist deciduous and forests tapioca, Rice, crops: Major spices coconut, Cropping system: Rice- fallows/pulses Technology/products: Early Kolpi, Ratna, Palghar, Radhanagari, Satya, Sona, Vijaya, Jaya, Karjat, Suhasini, Surya, Ambemohar Pankaj, Dravidians, Indo-Aryans, in patches and Parsis) westernwith influence of cultures Technology/products: • • • • • Maharashtra Ratnagiri, Rice varieties: • Goa • Mango varieties- .var Acacia Achras

acutangula), indica, Dioscorea bulbifer, (Dioscorea bulbifer, Annona cherimola, Chilli (Capsicum Yam Spices: Ginger (Zingiber Ginger Spices: nilotica subsp. botrytis), ), occidentale), Coconut (Cocos capitata, Cauliflower Brassica ( rtocarpus heterophyllus, Capparis Artocarpus heterophyllus, esculenta), Acacia Albizia chinensis, sapota, sapota, catechu, catechu, Dioscorea esculenta); Dioscorea officinale). Other Economic plant species: A.squamosa, Trichosanthes cucumeriana (Trichosanthes gourd Snake Lycopersicon ( Tomato esculentum), anguina), Winter squash (Cucurbita maxima); Fruit: Arecanut (Areca catechu), Banana acuminata, (Musa M. (Anacardium sapientum), Cashewnut ),heterophyllus (Artocarpusfruit Jack ), nucifera Mango (Mangifera indica), (Ananas comosus); Tubers: Elephant- Pineapple foot Yam (Amorphophallus Tapioca ), commutatus (Manihot (Colocasia esculentum ), Taro , annuum) Cucumber (Cucumis Kundri ), sativus (Cucurbita (Coccinia Pumpkin ), esculentus (Abelmoschus indica), Lady pepo), finger Ridged gourd (Luffa oleracea var. oleracea var. Sindhudurg, part Sindhudurg, Satara of Pune, and Kolhapur districts. North Goa, Goa: South Goa. Karnataka: Uttar Kannada

49 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Fernandine, Xayer, Xayer, Fernandine, Jackfruit- Colaco; Alfanso, Rassal Cappo, Excessive leaching, water soil erosion logging, Indo-Aryans, Dravidians with Portuguese influenceAssociated tribes: Baiga, of Bavacha, Pardhan, Irular, Dhanwar, Kadu Chodhara, kuruba, Varli. Naikada, Toda, Mancuradi, Maussarda, Maussarda, Mancuradi, Karnataka • • • . A. maranthus Amaranthus Amorphophallus Garcinia , talbotii Annona cherimola, manihot, manihot, var. belmoschus angulosus, Abelmoschus angulosus, Mimusops elengii, Myristica elengii, Mimusops . subsp. malampuzhaensis, . A. polygamus, . konkanensis, konkanensis, A. G. G. morella, . manihot A. officinalis Pennisetum hymenophyllum, orientale, P. Piper P.hookeri, P.galeatum, argyrophyllum, hybridus, sylvaticus, Cajanus lineatus, Cajanus sericeous, Carissa paucinervia, C. C macrocarpum, .macrophylla, C. perrottetii, C. sulphuratum, C. wightii, Carum strictocarpum, Cinnamomum Coleus iners, spicata, C. zeylanicus, Cucumis Curcuma retusa, reclinata, trigonous, Crotalaria C. sulcata, Dolichos bracteatus, D. uniflorus, Fragaria nilgerrensis, Garcinia indica, Linum Mangifera mysorense, andamanica, Mimusops Myristica tuberosa, M. dioica, Momordica elengi Oryza meyeriana, malabaricadactyloides, , M. O. ficulneus, ficulneus, Hardwickia Hardwickia binata, Lagerstoemia microcarpa, inermis, Lawsonia divaricata, divaricata, Carissa tabularis, congesta, Dipterocarpus Chukrassia indica, indicus, Garcinia Vitis vinifera. cuminii, Syzygium malabarica, Wild : relatives

50 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Hot humid, sub-humid, southern part of Western Ghats & coastal plains Red, lateritic alluvium- soil derived • •

V. C. G. var. Cassia sepiaria, , C.setosus Amorphophallus Garcinia indica, Garcinia Zingiber cernuum, , laevissimus Vigna khandlensis, Vigna var. vexillata var. V. C. C. purpurea, Delphinium stocksii, ghaticum, Cucumis ritchei, . sylvestris, V. radiata . var V. sylvestris, Asparagus pusilla, Hibiscus talbotii, Hibiscus Vigna aconitifolia), Ricebean charantia), Brinjal (Solanum Momordica (Vigna Curcuma , indora var. malabaricum V.vexillata var. Zingiber roseum. : Crops Cereals: Rice Sorghum bean Oryza ( Moth (Sorghum vulgaris), (Phaseolus bean French ) sativa , bicolor); ( Legumes: umbellata); Vegetable: ( Bitter gourd Piper nigrum, leschenaultina, P. Syzygium trichostachyon, arnottianum, bracteatum, S. bourdillonii, Rosa S. montanum, S. Vigna radiata setulosa, V. dalzelliana, V. V. grandis, khandalensis, Ziziphus macrostachyum. glabrata, Zingiber Endemic konkanensis, species: talbotii, kolabensis, Chlorophytum borivillianum, bharuchae, trilobata var. Kerala: Kasargod, Wayanad, Kannur, Malappuram, Palakkad, Malabar Malabar region 21

51 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Tropical Tropical moist deciduous forests forests & swamp Littoral Traditional farming rice, and spices coconut rain-fed tapioca, Major oilpalm arecanut, coconut, crops: with coffee, or pineapple, with without cultivation inter cardamom pepper, tapioca, & rice Cropping systems: rice- rice/pulses/cassava rice, Technology/products: including medicinal rice; & nutraceutical Scented variety: • • • • • • 600 rice varieties,

var. );sativa ), amara var. var. var. esculenta),Yam Tubers: Country Tubers: ), catechu), Cashewnut (Garcinia ), gummigutta acutangula ), heterophyllus (Artocarpus Trichosanthes cucumeriana (Trichosanthes Cucumber Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Jack fruit Jack Mangifera (Mangifera indica) Plantain (Musa

, L L acutangula, ), melongena Lablab bean (Lablab purpureus), melon Okra (Cucumis (Abelmoschus ), melo Musk acutangula (Luffa gourd Ridged ), esculentus var. anguina), Sponge gourd (Luffa ),aegyptiaca Sword bean (Canavalia gladiata); Fruit: Arecanut (Areca (Anacardium occidentale), Coconut (Cocos ),nucifera Malabar Tamarind Mango ); acuminata M. sapientum, potato (Coleus C.), rotundifolius parviflorus, Elephant-foot Tapioca Manihot ( paeonifolius), yam esculentum ), (Colocasia esculenta Taro var. (Amorphophallus (Dioscorea alata, D. bulbifera Cardamom Spices: (Elettaria ),cardamomum Cinnamon (C. verum, C. Clove malabatrum), (Syzygium (Zingiber officinale, aromaticum), Ginger gourd Snake Thrissur, Idukki, Idukki, Thrissur, Ernakulam, Alappuza, Kollam, Kozikode, Pathanamthitta Kottayam, Thiruva- nanthpuram Karnataka: Dakshin Udipi, Kannada, Kodagu. Nadu: Tamil Nilgiris, Kanyakumari

52 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Jeeragasala, Kundipullu, Kundipullu, Jeeragasala, Mullanchanna; Kuttadon, nellu, Kotta Oormundakan; Salt tolerant varieties: Chettiviruppu, Chovvaryan; varieties: tolerant Drought Thekkenthouvan, Veliyan; thouvan, Vella Medicinal rice varieties: Njavara, Chennellu, Vattan. saline water culture: Dravidian Adiyan, Associated tribes: Kadukurba, Cholanaikkan, Irular, Panyyan Naikada, Kudiva, Kattunayakan, Malai Hill Pulaya Mathuvan, Pandharam, Anakkodan, Gandakasala, Gandakasala, Anakkodan, tolerant varieties: Flood ricePokkali in cultivation • •

. var Moringa

Sesamum (Sesamum Diospyros . subsp. manihot, Annona squamosa, . polygamus, A. belmoschus angulosus, Abelmoschus angulosus, Coffee (Coffea ),arabica ); sinensis); Latex: Rubber A.manihot Artocarpus hirsutus, Baccurea Ochlandra beddomei, O.travancorica, Ochlandra O.travancorica, beddomei,

Zingiber Oil Oilseeds: purpureum), ); nigrum (Piper Nutmeg Pepper ), fragrans ( Myristica Palm (Elaeis g) uineensis Sesame Beverages: ; indicum) Tea (Camellia ). brasiliensis (Hevea Other economic Annona cherimola, plant A.reticulata, species courtallensis, D. , Dalbergia volubilis, C Cymbopogon travancorensis tofia, martini Dendrocalamus beddomei, strictus, bourdillonii, , travancorica Gluta indica, G. morella, Garcinia Dysoxylum Haldinia Kingiodendron cordifolia, pinnatum, malabaricum, Mesua ferrea, Mimusops elengii, oleifera, hybridus, Amaranthus Palaquim Palaquim Tectona ellipticum, mahagonii, Swietenia Phyllanthus sesban, Sesbanua emblica, Xylia T.paniculata, arjuna, Terminalia grandis, xylocarpa. Wild relatives: A. crinitus,

53 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Kani, Kannikar, Kurumans Kannikar, Kani, Uraly Toda, •

M. . . var granulata, . . var officinalis, . A. hohenackeri, . A. muricatum, . A. , smithsonianus Cajanus . malampuzhaensis, O. nivara, nivara, O. malampuzhaensis, . var momum Amomum cannecarpum, Amorphophalus , commutatus A , bonaccordensis sericeous, C. lineatus, Carissa macrocarpum, C. heyneanum, macrophylla, C. filipedicellatum, Cinnamomum Carum C. C. keralense, macrocarpa, C. malabatrum, strictocarpum, C. nicolsianum, C. perrotetii, C. riparium, C. sulphuratum, walaiwarense, harita, C. cannorensis,C. Crotalaria C. albiflora, travancoricum, C. retusa, aromatica, C. Curcuma C. reclinata, nilamburensis, C. kudagensis, C. D. intermedia, D. belophylla, Dioscorea sulcata, Dolichos hispida, D. tomentosa, pentaphylla,D. uniflorus, Fragaria indica, nilgerrensis Linum , mysorense, tuberosa, Garcinia M. Luffa muricata, umbellata, var. charantia Momordica Momordica tuberosa, Musa kattuvazha, M. Myristica malabarica , superba, M. rosaceae, dactyloides, Oryza officinalis O.officinalis O. rufipogon, O. meyeriana hookeri, Piper galeatum, P. argyrophyllum, P. P. silentvalleyensis, hymenophyllum,P. P.

54 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing

C. lutea, Curcuma Artocarpus . incana, incana, . var , C.keralense

V. grandis, V. V. grandis, V. var. Amorphophalus Chorophytum C. nicolsianum, A , bonaccordensis Buchanania barberi, C. thalakaveriensis, C. , anamalayana C. C. wightii, Arenga wightii, C. C. riparium, C. cannanorensis . A. hohenackeri, Cryptocarya C. malabarica, C. sparagus Asparagus fysonii,

silvestris, V. dalzelliana, V. radiata V. dalzelliana, V. var. silvestris, macrocarpum,

, escalarata malabaricum, cannanorensis, C. C. , walaiwarense trichostachyon, trichostachyon, Rosa wightianus, P. Psilanthus travancorensis, melongena Polyalthia Solanum leschenaultina, suberosa, S. aculeatissimum, S. anguivii var. multiflora, S. S. multiflora, var. anguivii S. aculeatissimum, S. torvum, S. pubescens, S. nigrum, S. erianthum, Syzygium arnottianum, S. bourdillonii, montanum, S. S. bracteatum, cucumeriana Trichosanthes var. cucumerian, T. tricuspidata planifolia, Vanilla villosula, T. . tomentosa, var wightiana, Vigna V. bourneae, radiata Z. cernuun, Zingiber vexillata, V. setulosa, var. macrostachyum, Z. neesanum, Z. purpureum, glabrata. Ziziphus zerumbe, Z. roseum, Z. Endemic , commutatus species: A. smithsonianus, hirsutus, Cinnamomum filipedicellatum, C.

55 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing

P. S. S. S. D. C. C. G. tofia, , J.wightii Myristica Garcinia D. D. barberi, E. E. , discifera . vexillata V. , S.palghatense R. R. , micrantha , P.galeatum D. nilagirica, D. C. neilgherrensis , C. P. P. trichostachyon, D. D. , tinnevelliensis C. , raktakanda C. S. S. , gambleanum Dalbergia , beddomei G. rubro-echinata, G. magnifica, Jasminum azoricum S. S. tamilnadensis, Ficus , beddomei C. martini C. var. Ficus guttata, J. J. malabaricum, Syzygium , bourdillonii Eragrostis unioloides var. D. pruriens, D. , S.mundagam Vigna bourneae, D. D. horrida, G. pictoria, G. G. , wightii G. D. D. sulcata, C. , kudagensis C. P. P. schmidtii, Piper barberi, Diospyros assimilis, Rauvolfia hookeri, , S.densiflorum Eugenia argentea, C , .nilamburensis , travancorense , coimbatorensis , travancoricum , P.wightii Sorghum stapfii, , chavaran malabaricum, S. , parameswaranii hapinum, Myristica fatua var.malabarica, saldanhae, D. , congesta var. C. haritha, C. , vamana C. peethapushpa, Cymbopogon flexuosus var. D. D. , travancorica tremela, , polyneuros D , .bourdillonii , travancorica E. E. , singampattiana Ficus dalhousiae, gummigutta,

56 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Islands, Islands, hot eco-region sub-humid Red loamy and soils sandy littoral evergreen, Tropical forests and swamp Agriculture is very recent confined to habitations, no traditional farming Major crops: Plantation crops Rice; are Kharif- dominant with coconut, arecanuts, pineapple, tapioca pepper and oilpalm, Cropping coconut, arecanut oil palm with and or without systems: intercropping pineapple, tapioca pepper and with Technology/products: of horticultural crops • • • • • • • in Diversity wild relatives

Bottle Mango catechu), acutangula, Jack Jack fruit Vegetables: Vegetables:

(Vigna ), mungo (Ananas ); comosus (Manihot ; esculenta) amara, Snake gourd ),nucifera var. var. Taro Taro (Colocasia esculenta) , Momordica (Momordica charantia ), (Vigna ); radiata Pine apple Cucumber (Cucumis ), sativus Solanum (Solanum Brinjal siceraria), (Lagenaria acutangula gourd melongena), Okra (Abelmoschus gourd escultntus), (Luffa acutangula Ridged L. var. (Amorphophallus yam Elephant-foot Tubers: paeoniifolius), ). (Dioscorea bulbifera Yam : : Crops Cereals: Rice Legumes: Black Oryza ( gram ); sativa Greengram Bitter gourd Trichosanthes (Trichosanthes cucumeriana var. Sponge gourd anguina), (Luffa ), aegyptiaca Sword bean (Canavalia gladiata), Pepper nigrum), (Piper Ginger Tapioca Tubers: (Zingiber Fruits: officinale ); Cashewnut Arecanut Coconut (Anacardium (Areca (Cocos (Artocarpus occidentale ), (Mangifera indica), ), heterophyllus guineensis), Oil Palm (Elaeis Andamans & Andamans Nicobar Islands Lakshdweep Islands Islands region 22

57 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Negritos tribes race; are Onges, Jarewas, Sentelenese main and Andamanis Great and Nicobar Andaman islands are rich in plant biodiversity; agro-biodiversity is not evaluated as agriculture is of recent origin. But the area is rich in wild plants, which have economic value. potential • Gurjan (Morinda Syzygium Pandanus (Pandanus Chuglum Chuglum momum (Amomum (Pterocarpus . A. onchophyllus, (Nypa ), fruticans Padauk Multipurpose , trees: Cardamom morphophallus carnosus, Amorphophallus carnosus, Wild Terminalia (Terminalia , mannii) . A. longistylus, (Garcinia indica), Noni Pandanus Pandanus bread fruit ; Canarium euphyllum. fenzlii); Wild relatives: A. blumei, Canavalia turgida, Dioscorea Colocasia glabra, jalinekii, mannii, G. D. andamanensis, Mangifera calycina, vexans, andamanica, Knema Garcinia Horstedtia fenzlii, M. camptosperma, Mimusops andamanica, Oryza Myristica , indandamanica connaroides, Pandanus S.polyanthum, clavifolium, S. andamanicum, andamanensis, Dipterocarpus andamanicus, D. incanus, (Dipterocarpus incanus, D. andamanicus, D. Hopea turbinatus, parviflora), Khari Mahua (Manilkara ), littoralis dalbergioides), Soft wood trees insigne, (Bombax Canarium Bombay White alata), euphyllum, Pterygota andamanica, Planchonia (Terminalia ), procera (Terminalia White bialata), Kokkum citrifolia), lerum), Water coconut oleifera, Moringa Other Economic plant Black : species Chuglum

58 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing glaonema Aglaonema

.oncophyllus, A.oncophyllus, Amorphophallus glaia fusca, fusca, Aglaia .longistylus, A.longistylus, moora Amoora mannii, momum Amomum Calamus insigne, Bombax fenzlii, nicobarica, Bentinckia Bauhinia andamanicus, C. barantangensis, C. calycina, nicobarica, Canariummannii, unifarius, C. nicobaricus, C. Dillenia andamanica, Dioscorea Dysoxylum rogersii, andamanicus, D. Dipterocarpus vexans, andamanicum, G.calycina, Jasminum Garcinia cordifolium, Macaranga nicobarica, andamanicum, Mangifera andamanica, Myristica andamanica, Mimusops andamanica, J. leram, P. andamanensis, Pandanus connaroides, Strychnos andamanensis, andamanica. Vanilla S.narcondamensis, Syzygium andamanicum, leontopetaloides, Terminalia catappa, T. mannii, mannii, S.samaranngense, T. Semecarpus catappa, Terminalia kurzii, Tacca leontopetaloides, andamanica. Vanilla species: Endemic nicobarica, nicobarica, carnosus,

59 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing

Ensete superbum Madhuca longifolia

Psilanthus benghalensis

60 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing

Duchesnea indica

Saccharum arundinaceum

Saccharum rufipilum

61 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing

Terrace cultivation

curcuma longa

Garcinia gummigutta

62 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing

curcuma longa Curcuma raktakanda

Citrus latipes

63 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing

Aegle marmelos

Solanum sisymbrifolium

Solanum sisymbrifolium (Fruits)

64 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Annexure- 2 Annexure- Remarks Medicinal Roots medicinal Roots medicinal Wild relative, relative, Wild spice Hom- oeopathic medicine Medicine Distribution NW Himalaya NW Himalaya NW Himalaya NW Himalaya NW Himalaya NW Himalaya Habit Alpine zone, Alpine zone, along slopes Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Family Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Herb Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Liliaceae Ranunculaceae Boraginaceae Endemic Plant Species of Agrobiodiversity Importance Agrobiodiversity of Plant Species Endemic Hot Spot/ Plant species Hot Spot/ Aconitum deinorrhizum Holmes ex Stapf . curvipilosum . var Royle Aconitum leave Tanaka Aconitum kashmiricum Stapf ex Coventry ex Aconitum violaceum Jacquem. Stapf .robustum Stapf var Wang et Tang et Wang Allium gilgiticum quilegia fragrans Benth. Aquilegia fragrans (Wall. ex G.Don) Johns ex G.Don) Arnebia benthamii (Wall. 1. I. Cold Desert Agrobiodiversity Region: Agrobiodiversity Cold Desert I. 2. No 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

65 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Medicinal, wild Medicinal, relative Wild relative Wild Ornamental Minor fruit Medicinal Medicinal Medicinal Wood Wood Roots medicinal Medicinal Medicinal NW Himalaya Ladakh Alpine Himalaya NW Himalaya NW Himalaya NW Himalaya NW Himalaya NW Himalaya Shiwalik HP J & K, NW HP, Himalaya HP Erect herb Erect Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Medium sized deciduous tree Tree Herb Herb Herb Solanaceae Fabaceae Caryophy- llaceae Elaeagnaceae Papaveraceae Rosaceae Asteraceae Aceraceae Aceraceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae tropa acuminata Royle Atropa acuminata Cicer microphyllum Benth. Cicer microphyllum Dianthus jacquemontii Edgew. Dianthus Hippophae rhamnoides L. Hippophae rhamnoides Meconopsis aculeata Royle Meconopsis aculeata Potentilla karakoramica Sojak Potentilla karakoramica Saussurea clarkeiHook.f. Wall. ex D. Don ex D. Acer acuminata Wall. Don var. ex D. Wall. Acer oblongum Banerji membranaceum Aconitum deinorrhizum Holmes ex Stapf falconeri Aconitum falconeri Stapf var. Stapf latilobum Aconitum falconeri Stapf var. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. II. Western Himalayan Agrobiodiversity Region: Agrobiodiversity Himalayan Western II. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5

66 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Medicinal Forage relative, Wild spice relative, Wild spice relative, Wild spice Medicinal Blue funnel shaped flowers Ornamental relative Wild Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental NW Himalaya NW Himalaya NW Himalaya NW Himalaya NW Himalaya HP J & K, J & K Lahul to Kumaon Ladakh NW Kumaon, Hiamalaya regions, Alpine J & K regions, Alpine J & K Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb herb Erect Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Ranunculaceae Poaceae Liliaceae Liliaceae Liliaceae Solanaceae Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Caryophy- llaceae Caryophy- llaceae Aconitum moschatum (Bruhl)Stapf Hemsl. subsp. & Aitch. Agrostis monroana et Jain indica Sunanda Tang et Wang Allium chitralicum Tang et Wang Allium gilgitcum StearnAllium roylei Royle Atropa acuminata Benth. Campanula ovata et Babu Nayar Campanula wattiana Benth. Cicer microphyllum Cassia davidsonii Singh Dianthus cachemiricus Edgew. Dianthus jacquemontii Edgew. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

67 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Ornamental Ornamental Wood Ornamental yielding Dye Dye Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Wood Fruit & Ornamental Ornamental Himachal Himachal Pradesh NW Himalaya to Kashmir Kumaon Kashmir Himalaya Lahul to Kumaon Lahul to Kumaon NW Himalaya NW Himalaya NW Himalaya Uttarkhand, NW Himalaya NW Himalaya NW Himalaya NW Himalaya Herb Herb Small tree Herb Shrub Shrub Herb Herb Herb Shrub Deciduous tree Herb Herb Ranunculaceae Liliaceae Oleaceae Geraniaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae Oleaceae Juglandaceae Liliaceae Liliaceae Delphinium koelzii Munz Delphinium Eremurus himalicus Baker Eremurus Don) DC. ex (Wall. xanthoxyloides Fraxinus R.Kunth. pinetophium Geranium Dunn. cedrorum Indigofera D.Don dosua Buch.-Ham ex Indigofera simlensis (Ali) Sanj. var. Iris duthiei Foster Iris hookeriana Foster Iris kashmiriana Baker parkeriJasminum Dunn kumaonica C.DC. . Juglans regia L. var ex Hook.f. Wall. Lilium roseum Lilium thomsoniaum Royle 18. 19. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

68 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Medicinal Ornamental Timber Wood Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Bish poison of Mishmees, medicinal Kumaon, Kumaon, 3600-3800m Kashmir to Kashmir Kumaon N.W.Himalaya J & K NW Himalaya Kashmir Himalaya Mishmi hills Sikkim Himalayas E.Himalayas Sikkim Himalayas Mishmi hills Scandent Scandent shrub Shrub Herb Herb Herb Tree Evergreen tree Tree Tree Tree Herb Rosaceae Rosaceae Rubiaceae Asteraceae Liliaceae Ulmaceae Aceraceae Aceraceae Aceraceae Aceraceae Ranunculaceae hookeriana Hook.f. var. f. porphyrechrysantha f. Chabi Gora et Panigr. Chabi Gora Rosa hirsuta Rosa macrophylla Lindl. Rosa macrophylla Rubia edgeworthii Hook.f. Saussurea clarkei.f Hook clusiana DC. Tulipa Dasgupta et Deb tomentosa . wallichiana Planch. var Ulmus Melville et Heyb. var. ex DC. Wall. Acer oblongum microcarpum Hiern. .majus Pax Acer hookeri Miq. var serrulatumPax r. Acer sikkimense Miquel va Aconitum lethale Griff. 31. 32. 1. 33. 34. 35. 36. Region: Agrobiodiversity Eastern Himalayan III. 2. 3. 4.

69 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wood, wild wild Wood, relative Medicinal Ornamental Fibre Ornamental relative Wild Fruit cane For Ornamental Forage Ornamental Arunachal Pradesh Sikkim Himalaya Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Sikkim Arunachal Pradesh Tree Climber Herb Unders- hrub Herb Small tree Shrub Shrub Herb Subshrub Herb Fabaceae Convolvula- ceae Orchidaceae Urticaceae Orchidaceae Theaceae Capparidaceae Bambusoideae Orchidaceae Fabaceae Orchidaceae Naithanii Albizia arunachalensis Sahni et (Clarke) Oostat. (Clarke) sikkimensis Argyreia A.N.Rao Biermannia Hegde et jainiana Boehmeria Deb et Dutta tirapensis obrienianum Rolfe Bulbophyllum et Nayar T.K.Paul Camellia siangensis Jacob Capparis pachyphylla longispiculatus Chimonocalamus R.Majumdar A.N.Rao Cleisostoma tricallosum Hegde et Desmodium kulhaitense C.B.Clarke et M.S.Swam. A.N.Rao Diplomeris josephii 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

70 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Fruit Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Beverage Ornamental Medicinal Timber Ornamental Timber Ornamental Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Abor hills, Sikkim Himalayas Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Tree Herb Herb Herb Small tree Herb Small tree Tree Herb Tree Herb Elaeocarpaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Theaceae Orchidaceae Rutaceae Dipterocar- paceae Asteraceae Fagaceae Orchidaceae Elaeocarpus dubius A.DC. Hegde et A.N.Rao sessanum Hegde et Epipogium al. et Eria connata Joseph EriaHegde jengingensis arunachalensisEurya Chauhan Gastrodia arunachalensis Hegde et Rao Nageswara borianaGlycosmis Narayanswami Hopea shingkeng (Dunn) Bor Lactuca cooperi Anthony Lithocarpus kamengii Sahni et Naithanii et Chowdhury Oberonia sulcata Joseph 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.

71 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Medicinal Relative Wild Relative Wild Relative Wild Relative Wild Medicinal relative Wild Ornamental Medicinal Multipurpose Sikkim Himalayas Sikkim Sikkim Sikkim Sikkim Sikkim Himalayas Sikkim Himalayas Arunachal Pradesh Sikkim Himalaya Arunachal Pradesh Herb Climbing shrub Climbing shrub Climbing shrub Climbing shrub Twiner Climbing shrub Herb Herb Shrub Araliaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae Orchidaceae Podophyllaceae Ericaceae Ban. sikkimensis Panax Piper clavilimbum C.DC. C.DC.Piper filipedunculatum C.DC.Piper isopleurum C.DC.Piper laxivenum C.DC. Piper mungpooanum Piper sikkimense C.DC. Deori brevicapsa var. Pholidata convallariae & Joseph . var. ex Honigb emodii Wall. Podophyllum axillaris Chatterjeee et Mukerjee & Rhododendron concinnoides Hutch. Ward Kingdon 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36.

72 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Multipurpose Multipurpose Multipurpose Medicinal Medicinal Horicultural value Horticultural Horticultural Medicinal Medicinal Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Sikkim Himalayas Sikkim Himalayas Sikkim Himalayas Sikkim Himalayas Sikkim Himalayas Sikkim Himalayas Sikkim Himalayas Tree Epiphytic Epiphytic shrub Large shrub Shrub Scrambling Small tree Shrub Small tree Herb Herb Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Hook. subsp. subsp. falconeriRhododendron Hook. Chamber. (Nuttal) exiimium Rhododendron santapaui SastryRhododendron Chamber Rhododendron subansirensis (D. micranthus var. Thunb. niveus Rubus Don) Hara senchalensisRubus Hara Kimura Salix pseudocalyculata Salix oreophillia Andersson FloderusSalix stomatophora liliputa var. D.Don Saussurea gossypiphora Lipschitz Saussurea pantlingiana W.W.Smith 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46.

73 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Multipurpose Wood Medicinal Medicinal Orchid Wood for Wood furniture Multipurpose bamboo Wild relative Wild Yielding spice; spice; Yielding wild relative. Wild relative Wild Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Assam Assam Assam Assam Bushy plant Bushy Tree Tree Tree Herb Tree Tree Shrub Tree Shrub Arecaceae Xanthophy- llaceae Rutaceae Rutaceae Orchidaceae Fabaceae Poaceae Theaceae Lauraceae Rutaceae (Joseph) S.K.Basu triandra (Joseph) Wallichia J.R.Drumm. et J.R.Drumm. burkillii Xanthophyllum Dunn Babu burkillianum Zanthoxyllum Babu pseudoxyphyllum Zanthoxyllum A.R.Rao Zeuxine lindleyana Acacia diadenia Parker Bambusa cacharensisBambusa R.Majumdar ( L.) O.Kuntze var. var. Camellia sinensis ( L.) O.Kuntze assamica (Masters) Kitamura Cinnamomum cacharensisCinnamomum Parker Citrus assamensis Dutta & Bhattacharya 47. 1. 48. 49. 50. 51. Region: Agrobiodiversity Valley Brahmaputra IV. 2. 3. 4. 5.

74 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Essential oil Essential Ornamental Multipurpose, Multipurpose, bamboo Tuber edible Tuber 45-50 m. Tall 45-50 m. Ornamental, Ornamental, medicinal Medicinal, Medicinal, wood House- construction Medicinal Ornamental tree Ornamental, Ornamental, medicinal Assam Assam Assam Assam Assam Assam Assam Assam Assam Assam Assam Herb Herb Tall culm Tall Tuberous Tuberous climber Tall tree Tall Herb Small tree Small tree Tall culms Tall Small tree Tree Shrub Poaceae Orchidaceae Poaceae Dioscoriaceae Dipterocar- paceae Orchidaceae Celastraceae Poaceae Rutaceae Sterculiaceae Rubiaceae . al et. ex Kanjilal (Jones) Schult. var. var. Schult. (Jones) jwarancusa Cymbopogon B.K.Gupta assamensis Reichb. f. Reichb. aurantiacum Dendrobium Dendrocalamus patellaris Dendrocalamus Gamble L. var. Kussok Kussok var. L. Dioscorea pentaphylla Dipterocarpus King mannii Chowdhery Eulophia kamarupa Euonymus assamicus Blakelock Euonymus Gigantochloa macrostachya Kurz Gigantochloa macrostachya Glycosmis singuliflora Kurz singuliflora Glycosmis ex Kurz Heriteria dubia Wallich Ixora goalparensis Bremek. Ixora 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

75 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Wild relative Wild Wild relative Wild Ornamental tree Fibre Walking sticks Walking Wild relative Wild Wild elative Wild Wild relative Wild Ornamental Medicinal Assam Assam Assam. Assam Assam Assam Assam Assam Assam Assam Assam Khasia-Jaintia Khasia-Jaintia Khasi-Jaintia Khasi-Jaintia hills Tree Tree Tree Perennial Perennial herb Perennial Perennial herb Tree Tree Shrub Climber Climber Tall Herb Tall Tall Shrub Tall Small tree Magnoliaceae Magnoliaceae Magnoliaceae Musaceae Musaceae Fabaceae Pandanaceae Poaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae Poaceae Bambusoideae Euphorbiaceae Thomson) et Thomson) f. (Hook. caveana Magnolia Nayar Raju et Magnolia gustavii King Magnolia Michelia mannii King Musa assamica Baker Drude et Wendl Musa velutina Ormosia Yakovlev. assamica St. John assamensis St. Pandanus Phyllostachys assamica Brandis Phyllostachys C. DC.Piper griffithii C. Piper jenkinsii C.DC. Saccharum wardii (Bor) Bor Saccharum wardii Bambusa pseudopallida R.Majumdar Bambusa Baliospermum micranthum Muell.-Arg. Baliospermum micranthum 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 1. V. Khasia-Jaintia-Garo Agrobiodiversity Region: Agrobiodiversity Khasia-Jaintia-Garo V. 2.

76 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Medicine Ornamental Spice Wild relative & & relative Wild Forage Pinkish white flowers Wood Fruit Medicinal, Medicinal, wood Orchid Khasia-Jaintia Khasia-Jaintia hills Khasia-Jaintia Khasia-Jaintia hills Khasia-Jaintia Khasia-Jaintia hills Garo Khsia Garo hills Khasia hills Khasia –Jaintia Khasia –Jaintia hills Meghalaya Khasia-Jaintia Khasia-Jaintia hills Garo Khasia Garo hills Jaintia Khasia hills Tree Tree Herb Herb Tree Herb Tiny herb Tiny Tree

Shrub Small tree Epiphyte Fabaceae Apiaceae Asteraceae Lauraceae Poaceae Orchidaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Rosaceae Celastraceae Orchidaceae

.oldamii Thoth. . griffithii Thoth. . var var Bupleurum khasianum (Cl.) P.K.Mukh. Bupleurum Chrysanthemum coronopifolium Vill. coronopifolium Chrysanthemum Nees var. pedunculatum Cinnamomum angustifolium Hemsl. mayuen var. Coix lacryma-jobii L. ex Hook.f. (Romaner) Stapf Joseph et Yog. Corybas et purpureus Joseph Dalbergia millettii Benth. Dalbergia millettii Dalbergia rimosa Roxb. Thoth. assamica var. Roxb. Dalbergia volubilis Eriobotrya angustissima Hook.f. Pr. et Pr. lawsonii Cl. Euonymus Lindl. recurva Goodyera 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12 13.

77 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Dyes and fodder Dyes Ornamental Orchid Khasia-Jaintia Khasia-Jaintia hills Khasia-Jaintia Khasia-Jaintia hills Khasia-Jainti Khasia-Jainti hills Khasi-Jaintia Khasi-Jaintia hills Khasia- Jaintia Khasia- Jaintia hills Khasia- Jaintia Khasia- Jaintia hills Khasia - Jaintia Jaintia - Khasia Khasia- Jaintia hills Jaintia Khasia-Jaintia Khasia-Jaintia hills Khasia -Jaintia Khasia -Jaintia hills Shrub Shrub Shrub Small tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae Aquifoliaceae Balasaminaceae Balasaminaceae Balasaminaceae Fabaceae Oleaceae Orchidaceae Wall. aurantiacum Hedychium asraoii . var ellipticum Smith Hedychium et Jain Srivastava Hedychium urophyllum Lodd. urophyllum Hedychium (Roxb.) Prain Ilex embelioides (Roxb.) Impatiens depauperta Hook.f. Impatiens khasiana Hook.f. Impatiens striolata Hook.f. Grah. ex Baker var. var. ex Baker Grah. bracteata Indigofera Khasiana Sanj. Wall. ex DC. Wall. adnophyllum Jasminum (Joseph et Deka) Jejosephia pusilla (Joseph et Mani. A.S.Rao 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21 22. 23.

78 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Ornamental Medicine Ornamental Wild relative Wild Wild relative Wild Indicator species Medicinal/ multipurpose Ornamental Roots alkaloid with Wild relative Wild Wild relative Wild Khasia-Jaintia Khasia-Jaintia hills Khasia hills Khasia hills Khsia hills Khasia- Jaintia Khasia- Jaintia hills Khasia hills Khasia –Jaintia Khasia –Jaintia hills Khasia - Jaintia Jaintia - Khasia hills Khasia hills Khasia-Jaintia Khasia-Jaintia hills Khasi-Jaintia Khasi-Jaintia hills Herb Herb Shrub Shrub Shrub Herb Shrub Herb Shrub Tree Tree Orchidaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Annonaceae Theaceae Apiaceae Sterculiaceae Orchidaceae Berberidaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Joseph .) Panigrahi et Nees) Peristrophe acuminate (Wall. khasiana Cl. var. Phlogacanthus wallichii Cl. Polyalthia meghalayensis Prakash et Mehrotra meghalayensis Polyalthia Pyrenaria khasiana R.N.Paul (DC.) C.B.Clarke (DC.) Selenium straiatum Sterculia khasiana Debberman LiparisPantl. King et assamica Takeda simonsii Mahonia Micromeles meghalayensis Pangrahi Micromeles meghalayensis Micromeles polycarpa (Hook.f Micromeles polycarpa A.S.Rao et A.S.Rao Pennilabium proboscideum 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 24 25 26. 27. 28.

79 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Ornamental Wild relative Wild Fodder With red drupes red With relative Wild Solitary plant at Indian Botanic Garden, Masticatory Golden flower, yellow Medicinal White flower, Medicinal Medicinal Khasia-Jaintia Khasia-Jaintia hills Khasia-Jaintia Khasia-Jaintia hills Naga Manipur Lushai hills Khasia-Jaintia Khasia-Jaintia hills Nagaland & hills. Jaintia Nagaland Manipur hills Naga hills Manipur hills Epiphyte Scandent Scandent shrub Herb Small tree Tree Tree Shrub Shrub Shrub Orchidaceae Cucurbitaceae Poaceae Sambucaceae Mimosaceae Arecaceae Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Berberidaceae W. Smith. var. sublevis var. Smith. W. sublevis A.S.Rao A.S.Rao Thrixspermum muscaeflorum et Joseph Trichosanthes majuscule (Cl.) Kundu Trichosanthes grostis wardii Bor Agrostis wardii Hook.f. et Thoms. et Viburnum Hook.f. simonsii Prain (Roxb.) Albizia kalkora Areca nagensis Griff. Ahrendt Berberis feddii Berberis micropetala Schneider Berberis VI. North-Eastern Hills Agrobiodiversity Region : Agrobiodiversity North-Eastern Hills VI. 35. 36. 1. 37. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

80 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing

Medicinal Fruit Forage Wood for basket basket for Wood Fodder Wood Wood use for fuel Fodder Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Pinkish white flowers, Lily”, “Shirhoy used in leaves skin disease Golden yellow Golden yellow flowers Naga hills Manipur Nagaland Naga hills Naga hills Manipur Mizoram Patkoi, Naga Patkoi, hills Naga hills Nagaland Manipur Manipur hills Shrub Shrub Herb Srub Unders- hrub Tree Shrub Shrub Shrub Herb Bulbous herb Shrub Berberidaceae Capparidaceae Cyperaceae Rosaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae Balsaminaceae Liliaceae Berberidaceae Berberis wardii Schneider Berberis wardii Capparis cinerea Jacobs D.M.Verma Carex asraoi Cotoneaster nagensis Klotz. Cotoneaster nagensis Crotalaria Dunn meeboldii Dalbergia wattii C.B.Clarke Dalbergia wattii Derris Thoth. lushaiensis Wall. ex Baker Wall. gratum Hedychium Hedychium venustum Wt. venustum Hedychium Impatiens cuspidifera Hook.f. Impatiens cuspidifera Lilium mackinliae Sealy Mahonia feddii Ahrendt Mahonia feddii 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

81 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing With yellow yellow With flowers

As uterine stimulant Medicinal Medicinal Medicinal Multipurpose Multipurpose Multipurpose Multipurpose Multipurpose Manipur hills Manipur Manipur hills Manipur Manipur Manipur Manipur Manipur Naga and Manipur hills Manipur and Lushai hills Manipur and Naga hills Manipur Manipur; Manipur; 2700-3000m Naga hills Small tree Shrub Climbing shrub Climber Climber Climber Small tree Shrub Tree Shrub Shrub small tree or Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae

Mahonia magnifica Ahrendt Mahonia (DC.) Takeda (DC.) roxburghii Mahonia Piper aurorubrum C.DC.Piper aurorubrum Piper makruense C.DC. Piper meeboldii C.DC. Piper muneyporensis C.DC.Piper muneyporensis Watt. ex Brandis Watt. Rhododendron elliottii Watt ex Hutch. Rhododendron johnstoneanum Watt Watt. ex Balf.f. Rhododendron macabeanum Watt. var. var. Rhododendron triflorum Hook.f. ex Hutch.) Cullen bauhiniflorum (Watt Rhododendron wattii Cowan Rhododendron wattii 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.

82 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Fodder Medicinal Wild relative Wild Medicinal Medicinal Vegetable Medicinal Forage, wild Forage, relative Medicinal, Medicinal, ceropegine Nagaland Naga hills N.E. hills N.E. Western Western Rajasthan Western Western Rajasthan Western Western Rajasthan Western Western & Rajasthan, Tonk Alwar, Western Western Rajasthan Western Western Rajasthan Herb Herb Scandent Under shrub Under shrub Perennial Perennial herb Thorny Unders- hrub Caespitose or annual biennial Twiner Fabaceae Asteraceae Cucurbitaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Fabaceae Acanthaceae Poaceae Asclepiadaceae

Satayn. et Thoth. et meeboldii Satayn. Rhynchosia Saussurea nagensis C.E.C.Fischer Saussurea Trichosanthes tomentosa Chakravarty Trichosanthes (Blatt. & Hallberg) Bhandari & Hallberg) major (Blatt. var. Hochst. ex A.Rich. ex Hochst. bidentatum Abutilon var. et Perr. Guill. fruticosum Abutilon Hallb. et chrysocarpa Blatt. venosa venosa var. (L.) DC. Alysicarpus monilifer et Hallb. Blatt. Blatt. et Blatt. dicantha Barleria prionitis L. subsp. Hallb. Cenchrus Kanodia et Nanda rajasthanensis f. Nimmo ex Hook. Ceropegia odorata 30. 31. 32. 1. VII. Arid Western Agrobiodiversity Region: Agrobiodiversity Western Arid VII. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

83 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild relative on relative Wild sand dunes Medicinal Gum and resin, medicine Wild relative, on on relative, Wild hillocks Food Medicinal, fruit Medicinal, & flower Medicinal, fruit Medicinal, & flower Medicinal, Medicinal, fruit eaten Timber wood Relative of W. of Relative somnifera Western Western Rajasthan Western Western Rajasthan. Western Western Rajasthan Western Western Rajasthan Western Western Rajasthan Western Western Rajasthan Western Western Rajasthan Western Western Rajasthan West. West. Rajasthan Western Western Rajasthan Climber Dwarf Dwarf herb annual Shrub Climber Perennial Perennial twiner with tuberous root-stock Under shrub Under shrub Tree Tree Under shrub Cucurbitaceae Cruciferae Burseraceae Cucurbitaceae Convolvulaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Salvadoraceae Bignoniaceae Solanaceae (Blatt. et Hallb.) Hallb.) et (Blatt. nana var. Citrullus colocynthis Schrad. Citrullus Cleome gynandra L. Cleome gynandra Bhandari Commiphora wightii (Arn.) wightii Commiphora Bhandari Cucumis prophetrum L. Cucumis prophetrum semineglabra semineglabra var. Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet Bhandari et Hallb.) (Blatt. var. et Steud. Hochst. arabica Pavonia et Hallb. glutinosa Blatt. var. et Steud. Hochst. arabica Pavonia massuriensis Bhandari Salvadora persica L. Salvadora Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem. Tecomella Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

84 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Fruit Wild relative Wild relative Wild Forage Forage &Fodder Dyes Forage relative Wild Medicinal, ceropegine Food Forage Jaisalmer, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur Western Western Rajasthan Hills. Plains Plains Plains Plains Plains adjacent Areas to Rajasthan Kathiawar Dwarka, Kaithiawar Small shrub Small shrub Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Twiner Twiner Herb Mimosaceae Poaceae Poaceae Fabaceae Poaceae Poaceae Asclepiadaceae Fabaceae Cyperaceae Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae . sykesii . var Blatt. et Hallb. et truncata Blatt. Ziziphus Ziziphus williamii BhandariZiziphus et Bhansali (Roxb.) Prain (Roxb.) Albizia kalkora Roxb. Andropogon pumilus Dichanthium T.A.Cope tuberculatum . Wendl glandulosa Indigofera ex Baker Griff. UppuluriIseilema hubbardii Sorghum deccanense Bor f. Nimmo ex Hook. Ceropegia odorata Wall. pilosula Clitoria ternatea L. var. ex Baker Sahni et Naithanii Cyperus dwarkensis 17. 18. 1. 1. VIII. Malwa Plateau and Central Highlands Agrobiodiversity Region: Region: Agrobiodiversity and Central Highlands Plateau Malwa VIII. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Region: Agrobiodiversity Kathiawar IX. 2. 3.

85 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Medicinal Ornamental Dye Medicinal Fodder Green manuring Medicinal Fruit Nil Gujarat and Gujarat Deccan Gujarat Khachchh Kathiawar Kathiawar Kutch Kathiawar Kathiawar Kathiawar Nil Herb Herb Herb Shrub Unders- hrub Herb Herb Shrub Nil Liliaceae Asteraceae Fabaceae Solanceae Tamaricaceae Fabaceae Violaceae Rhamnaceae Nil Bhatt. var. longiracemosa monosperma var Blatter Deb et Dasgupta Dipcadi ursulae (C.B.Clarke) Helichrysum cutchicum (C.B.Clarke) et Desh. R.S.Rao . Roxb coerulea Indigofera (Sant.) Sant. Solanum purpureilineatum Sabnis et Tamarix cutchensis Shetty et Pandey Tamarix jamnagarensis Sant. Tephrosia stocksii (Boiss) . Viola cinerea Boiss. var forma kathiwarensis W.Becker Ziziphus williamii Bhandari & Bhansali Nil 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Region: Agrobiodiversity Bundelkhand X.

86 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Fibre, fish fish Fibre, poison fodder Manure, Forage Cattle fodder relative Wild relative Wild Forage Multipurpose Forage relative Wild Northern plains Northern plains Gangetic plains Northern plains Hills Plains area Tarai hills Foot hills Foot Plains Shrub Shrub Herb Herb Tree Herb Herb shrub Tall Herb Herb Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Apiaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae (Roxb.) Benth.var. Derris (Roxb.) scandens Thoth. (Thoth.) saharanpurensis Indigofera gangetica Sanj. gangetica Indigofera thothathriIndiofera Sanj. (Brandis) Brenan Indopiptadenia oudhensis Haines galbana . Albizia thompsonii Brandis var Carum villosum Haines Chrysopogon hamiltonii Haines .sericeus strictusDendrocalamus Nees var Gamble Bor gracililima var. Dimeria ornithipoda Trin. Iseilema holei Haines 1. : Region :: Agrobiodiversity Plains Gangetic Upper XI. 1. 2. 3. 4. Region: Agrobiodiversity Plains Gangetic Lower XII. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

87 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Medicinal, Medicinal, weedy Forage Forage Nil Green Green manuring Green Green manuring Roots used for dysentery Wild relative Wild Plains Plains Plains Nil Agroforestry Less known sp. Less known Wide in Wide North Eastern Ghats N.Eastern Ghats Northern E. Northern E. Ghats Palamau in Palamau Jharkhand Herb Herb Herb Nil Northern E. Northern E. Ghats Northern E. Northern E. Ghats Shrub Tree Herb Herb Labiatae Poaceae Fabaceae Nil Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Apiaceae Zingiberaceae

. palamauensis (Haines) K.K.Khanna . Leucas helicterifolia Haines f. kingii Hook. Lophopogon C.B.Clarke ex Prain bakeri Sophora C.B.Clarke Nil Acacia donaldii Haines Albizia orissensisSahni et Bennet (Haines) van der Cajanus cajanifolius (Haines) van Maesen Erythrina resupinata Roxb. Pycnocycla glauca Lindl. Zingiber purpureum Roxb. var 7. 8. 9. XIII. Gangetic Delta Agrobiodiversity Region: Agrobiodiversity Delta Gangetic XIII. 1. XIV. Chotanagpur Agrobiodiversity Region: Region: Agrobiodiversity Chotanagpur XIV. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

88 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Agroforestry Insufficiently known Green manuring relative Wild crop Cover Agroforestry Medicinal Insufficiently known Fodder Northern E. Northern E. Ghats Northern E. Ghats Northern E. Ghats Northern E.Ghats Northern E. Ghats Northern E. Ghats Northern E.Ghats Northern E. Ghats Northrn E.Ghats Scrambling Scrambling Tree Tree Shrub Herb Under shrub Scrambling Tree Tree Tree Scrambling treee Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Poaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Meliaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Haines Acacia donaldii Albizia orissensis Sahni et Bennet Maesen der (Haines) van Cajanus cajanifolius Sharma Shastry et S.D. Oryza nivara ex Gamble Drumm. roxburghiana Tephrosia Acacia donaldii Haines Aglaia haslettiana Haines Albizia orissensis Sahni et Bennet Albizia thomsonii Brandis 1 2. 3. 4. 5. Region: Agrobiodiversity Koraput XVI. 2. 3. 4. 1. XV. Bastar Agrobiodiversity Region: Region: Agrobiodiversity Bastar XV.

89 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wood & paper Wood Medicinal Green manuring Forage relative Wild relative Wild relative Wild Ornamental Fodder Medicine Ganjam Ganjam Northern E. Ghats Koraput Vishakha- patnam Koraput Koraput N.E.Ghats Koraput S.E.Ghats Southern E. Ghats Southern E. Ghats Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Under shrub Shrub Tree Herb Tree Apiaceae Fabaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Euphorbiaceae Acanthaceae Fabaceae Acanthaceae Burseraceae Banerji et andhricumBupleurum Nayar (Haines) van der Maesen van cajanifolius (Haines) Cajanus Dimeria orissae Bor et Oryza Govindaswami jeyporensis Krishnamurthy Sharma Shastry et S.D. Oryza nivara Gamble narayanaswamii Phyllanthus jeyporensis (Bedd.) Bremek. Phlebophyllum Sahni et Bennet Albizia sikharamensis Ellis nallamalayana Andrographis et Henry Balakr. Boswellia ovalifoliolata 5. 1. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Region: Agrobiodiversity Southern Eastern Ghats XVII. 2. 3.

90 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild relative Wild Ornamental; cosmetic Fibre Fibre Wood Dyes Dyes Wild relative of Luffa relative Wild Fodder Southern E. Southern E. Ghats Southern E. Southern E. Ghats S.E.Ghats S.E.Ghats S.E.Ghats Southern E Ghats Southern E.Ghats Southern E. Ghats S.E.Ghats S.E.Ghats Shrub Small tree Shrub Tree Tree Shrub Herb Climber Herb Herb Fabaceae Cycadaceae Malvaceae Tiliaceae Sterculiaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Cucurbitaceae Poaceae Poaceae & Arn. var Crotalaria & madurensis Wt. kurnoolica (Ellis) Swam. Cycus beddomei Dyer Cycus beddomei et Nayar Decaschistia Paul cuddaphensis Erioloena Dunn lushingtonii et Endl. Schott. (Roxb.) populifolia Hildegardia barberiIndigofera Gamble Rottler mysorensis Indigofera Cl. amara acutangula (L.) Roxb.var. Luffa Subsp. Watt. ex Wall. Oryza officinalis Tateoka malampuzhaensis (Krish.) bellariensis W.D.Clayton Parahyparhenia 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

91 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wood used used Wood for building and musical instruments Timber Forage Fodder Forage relative Wild Wood Fodder Forage Wood. Southern E.Ghats Southern E.Ghats Nadu Tamil Ramanad, Tamilnadu Leeward Deccan Southern E.Ghats Coromandel coast Coromandel Coromandel Coromandel Tree Tree Herb Tree Herb Herb Shrub Tree Herb Tree Fabaceae Dipterocar- paceae Poaceae Fabaceae Poaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Poaceae Sterculiaceae L. f. Pterocarpus santalinus L. Shorea tumbuggaia Roxb. Shorea tumbuggaia S.M.Phillips Acrachne henrardiana Hole Albizia lathamii Tad. et Chloris bournei Rang. Arn. Wt. et Crotalaria madurensis Dalbergia coromandeliana Prain Dichrostachys santapaui Sebastine et Ramam. f. rottleriEragrostis Stapf apud Hook. et Endl. Schott. populifolia (Roxb.) Hildegardia 14. 1. 15. Region: Agrobiodiversity Kaveri XVIII. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

92 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild relative, relative, Wild biofuel relative Wild Ornamental Forage Agroforestry Forage Forage relative Wild Forage Forage Carnatic coast Thirunelveli Yercaud Salem, Leeward Deccan Dry of areas Deccan Deccan Plateau Leeward Deccan Dry of areas Deccan Leeward Deccan Bijapur in Deccan Shrub Herb Tree Herb Shrub Herb Herb Shrub Unders- hrub Herb Euphorbiaceae Poaceae Asteraceae Fabaceae Caesalpiniaceae Poaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Poaceae . ramadensis Ramam . ramadensis . var Jatropha villosa Wt. Jatropha Sorghum stapfii (Hook.f.) C.E.C.Fisch. Sorghum Gamble shevaroyensis Vernonia Naik et Pokle Alysicarpus luteovexillatus ex Roxb. Cassia montana Heyne Tad. et Chloris bournei Rang. Crotalaria decasperma Naik Crotalaria rigida ex Roth Heyne ex Gamble Crotalaria sandoorensis Bedd. Henr. Digitaria tomentosa (Koenig) 9. 1. 10. 11. Andhra Pradesh Region parts: Maharashtra and Agrobiodiversity of north-west Deccan XIX. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

93 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Fodder manure Green seeds Forage, times has three of protein wheat Forage Forage Forage Wild relative of rice Forage Forage Fodder Leeward Leeward Deccan Leeward Leeward Geccan Deccan. Leeward Deccan Leeward Deccan Leeward Deccan Deccan Northern Deccan Northern Deccan Leeward Deccan Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Poaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Fabaceae . Sanj purandharensis var. Eragrostis deccanensis Bor Eragrostis Indigofera deccanesis Sanj. Indigofera sykesii . var. Wendl glandulosa Indigofera ex Baker Griff. duthiei trifoliataIndigofera L. var. Sanj. ex Naik) (Drum. tritaIndigofera L.f. Iseilema anthephoroides Hack. Sharma et Shastry S.D. Oryza nivara deccanense Naik et Patumkar Panicum phoiniclados Naik et Patunkar Panicum interruptaSophora Bedd. 8. 9. 10. 1. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

94 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Soil binder Medicinal; Minor fiber Forage of “Source Carvia honey” Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Medicinal value of tubers Minor forage Leeward Leeward Deccan Ratnagiri Konkan Konkan W. Konkan Ghats Konkan Konkan Konkan Konkan W. Northern Ghats Northern W.Ghats Under shrub Cormous herb Herb Herb shrub Tall Herb Herb Herb Twining herb Herb Herb Malvaceae Araceae Poaceae Poaceae Acanthaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Liliaceae Poaceae Santapau et Woodr.& Stapf Woodr.& randei Abutilon al. et. Amorphophallus Hett. konkanensis Blatt. et McC et lawsonii Blatt. Vetiveria Dalz. Arundinella spicata Carvia callosa (Nees) Bremek. Ceropegia attenuata Hook. McCann Ceropegia evansii Ceropegia huberi Ansari Ansari Ceropegia maccanii Chlorophytum borivilianum Fernandez Coelachne minuta Bor 1. XX. Konkan Agrobiodiversity Region: Region: Agrobiodiversity Konkan XX. 2. 18. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

95 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Medicinal Medicinal Medicinal relative Wild relative Wild Spice roots Fodder, medicinal Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Northern W. W. Northern Ghats W. Northern Ghats W. Northern Ghats N.W.Ghats Northern W.Ghats Konkan Konkan Northan W. W. Northan Ghats Konkan Konkan Bulbous Bulbous herb Herb Herb Scandent herb Scandent Rehizo- matous herb Tree Perennial Perennial herb Herb Herb Amaryllidaceae Amaryllidaceae Amaryllidaceae Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae Zingiberaceae Fabaceae Ranunculaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae

ghaticum Billore Crinum brachynema HerbertCrinum brachynema Crinum McCann Blatter et elenorae Crinum Baker woodrowii Cucumis ritchei Jeffrey (Chakr.) Cucumis setosa Cogn. Curcuma purpurea Blatter Dalbergia horrida (Denst.) Mabberly var. concanensis Thoth. Delphinium malabaricum, (Huath.) Mung var. Dendrobium lawianum Lindl. Kranzl. (Willd.) Dendrobium ovatum 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

96 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Forage Forage Forage “Kokum edible butter”, fruit Forage Forage Ornamental Ornamental Forage Alkaloid Colchicine plant Aromatic Panchgani Panchgani Satara Plateau, northern dist.; Ghats W. Konkan N.Western Ghats W Northern Ghats Goa Koncan Konkan W Northern Ghats Konkan Northern W.Ghats Konkan Herb Herb Herb Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Undershrub Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Clusiaceae Poaceae Poaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Poaceae Liliaceae Lamiaceae Hemadri) Hemadri) Dichanthium maccannii Blatt. Dichanthium panchganiense Blatter (Bhide) Dichanthium paranjpyeanum Clayton Garcinia indica (Dupetiit-Thours) Choisy (Rao et goaensis Glyphochloa Clayton et ratnagiricaGlyphochloa (Kulk. Clayton gibsonii Habenaria gibsonii var Habenaria panchganiensis Santapu et Kapadia (Stapf) Bor Indopoa paupercula Iphigenia stellata Blatter Wight lawii Lavandula 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31.

97 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Forage Forage Spice Fruit with oil essential Fruit Medicinal Forage Seeds Pulse, eaten in time of scarcity fodder Green Fusiform tuber eaten Spice Northern W Northern Ghats Konkan Konkan and Konkan Leeward Deccan W. Northern Ghats W. Northern Ghats W Ghats Konkan Nilgiris Nilgiris Anamalai

Shrub Tree Climber Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Rhizmatous herb Acanthaceae Myrtaceae Strychnaceae Poaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Zingiberaceae Poaceae Poaceae Zingiberaceae Nilgirianthus reticulates (Stapf) Bremek. (Talbot) Rathakr. et Nair Rathakr. utilis (Talbot) Syzygium dalzellii . var Strychnos Clarke dalzellii (Hack.) Bor ramosissimus Triplopogon et (Sant.) Raghavan Vigna khandalensis Wadhwa pusilla Naik & . var. Verd Vigna trilobata (L.) Pokle sepiaria var. A.Rich. (L.) Vigna vexillata & Sharma(Dalz.) Babu Zingiber cernuum Dalz. Agrostis peninsularis Hook.f. Agrostis schmidii (Hook.f.) Fischer C.E.C mmomum muricatum Bedd. Ammomum 32. 1. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. Region: Agrobiodiversity Malabar XXI. 2. 3.

98 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Food Wild relative, relative, Wild Food Food Ornamental Fermented drink Carpentry wood Multipurpose Fruit Calophyllum Calophyllum oil Medicinal Medicinal Agasthyamalai Agasthyamalai hills Southern W. W. Southern Ghats Agasthyamalai Agasthyamalai hills Southern W.Ghats Malabar region Malabar region Anamudi hills Anamudi Southern W.Ghats Southrn W.Ghats Southern W.Ghats Souther W.Ghats Herb Herb Herb Small tree Tree Tall tree Tall Gregarious bamboo Tree Tree Herb Tree Araceae Araceae Araceae Araliaceae Arecaceae Moraceae Poaceae Euphorbiaceae Clusiaceae Liliaceae Lauraceae et al. Yadav Amorphophalus bonaccordensis Amorphophalus Engl. (Schott) commutatus Amorphophalus Sivadasan smithsonianus ralia malabaricaAralia Bedd. Arenga wightii Griff. ArtocarpusLamk. hirsutus Munro Arundinaria Munro densiflora Baccaurea courtallensis (Wt.) Muell.-Arg. apetalum Willd. Calophyllum Chorophytum malabaricumChorophytum Dalz. . Koster keralense Cinnamomum 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

99 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Spice Spice 10-15 m tall, 10-15 m tall, Spice Medicinal Spice & wild relative Wild relative Wild Wild Relative Wild Lemon grassLemon oil Lemon grassLemon oil Fruit Malabar regionMalabar Southern W Southern Ghats Southern Kerala Southern W. W. Southern Ghats Kannur in Kannur Kerala Kannur in Kannur Kerala Kerala and Kerala Kudagu Anamalai Southern W.Ghats Southern W. W. Southern Ghats Tree Tree Small tree Tree Herb Herb Rhizome geophyte Grass Grass Tree Lauraceae Lauraceae Lauraceae Euphorbiaceae Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae Poaceae Poaceae Ebenaceae Cinnamomum macrocarpumCinnamomum Hook.f. (Burm.f.) malabatrum Cinnamomum et Presl. Berchthold Gamble travancoricum Cinnamomum Croton malabaricus Bedd. R.AnsariCurcuma cannanorensis et al. . var R.AnsariCurcuma cannanorensis et.al. lutea R.Ansari Velay et al. Curcuma kudagensis Velay Wt. Steud.) ex Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees coimbatorensis Gupta var. Wats Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) sofia Gupta var. Diospyros nilagiricaDiospyros Bedd. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 21. 22. 23.

100 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Good timber, Good timber, Fruit Timber, Timber, medicinal Edible fruits, fruits, Edible Wood Wood Medicinal Forage Wild Relative Wild Wild Relative Wild Wood Southern W. W. Southern Ghats Southern W. W. Southern Ghats Southern W Southern Ghats Kodaikanal- Kodaikanal- and Palni Nilgiri hills and Silent valley Nilgiris hills Travancore Wyanad in Wyanad W. southern Ghats Southern W. W. Southern Ghats Southern W Southern Ghats Evergreen Evergreen tree Evergreen Evergreen tree Tree Handsome tree Shrub Fodder Fodder Grass Small tree Small tree Large tree Large tree Ebenaceae Dipterocar- paceae Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpaceae Myrsinaceae Poaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Moraceae var. tremela Jacob var. Dalz. pruriensDiospyros Dalz. Dipterocarpus. indicus Bedd (Wt.) Mast. Elaeocarpus (Wt.) Mast. munronii Elaeocarpus Corner recurvatus Wt. Embelia gardeneriana Wt. Eragrostis unioloides Steud. Eragrostis Eugenia argentea Bedd. Eugenia discifera Gamble Eugenia discifera King Ficus beddomei 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.

101 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wood Fruits edible Fruits edible, Fruits edible, medicinal jelly, Rind of fruit used as condiment Rind of fruit as condiment Fruit Timber Timber Seeds nutritive Seeds nutritive tonic Ornamental Southern W Southern Ghats Southern W.Ghats Southern W. W. Southern Ghats Southern W. W. Southern Ghats Southern W.Ghats. Southern WGhats Southern W. W. Southern Ghats Southern W. W. Southern Ghats Southern W. W. Southern Ghats Southern W. W. Southern Ghats Tree Tree Evergreen Evergreen tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Evergreen Evergreen tree Forage Small tree Moraceae Flacourtiaceae Flacourtiaceae Clusiaceae Clusiaceae Clusiaceae Dipterocarp- aceae Dipterocarp aceae Fabaceae Rubiaceae . et Thomson) Cooke Thomson) et . Miq. Ficus dalhousiae (Hook. f Flacourtialatifolia (Hook. Flacourtia Graham montana Garcinia gummigutta (L.) Robson Garcinia gummigutta Garcinia travancorica Bedd. Garcinia travancorica T. Anders. T. Garcinia wightii Wt. et Arn. et Wt. Hopea glabra Hopea parviflora Bedd. .L.var. marginilata tritaIndigofera .L.var. Arn.) Sanj. et Wt. ex (Grah. Wall. ex D.Don notonianaWall. Ixora 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.

102 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Ornamental Ornamental Wild relative Wild Medicinal Ornamental, Ornamental, Wood Ornamental, Ornamental, Wood Medicinal Spice, wild Spice, relative. Bamboo poles Ornamental. Ornamental. Endangered Southern W. W. Southern Ghats Nilgiristo hills Travancore Southern W. W. Southern Ghats Southern W. W. Southern Ghats Southern W.Ghats Southern W.Ghats Southern W.Ghats Southern W.Ghats Southern W.Ghats Agasthymala Straggling Straggling shrub Ornamental plant Tree Tree Woody Woody climber Woody Woody climber Climbing shrub Tall tree tree Tall Clump forming Slipper Orchid Oleaceae Liliaceae Sapotaceae Clusiaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Myrtaceae Bambusoideae Orchidaceae Jasminum malabaricumJasminum . Wt Wt. Lilium neilgherrensis Wt. .(Wt.) Dubbard Madhuca roxburghiana coromandeliana (Wt.) Mahes. var. Mesua ferrea L. Wt. et Arn. et Wt. Milletia rubiginosa Wt. et Arn. et Wt. Milletia splendens hirsuta Mucuna pruriens (L) DC. var. Wilmot-Deaar Arn.) et (Wt. Myristica malabarica Lamk. Benth. ex Gamble Benth. Ochlandra travancorica Paphiopedilum druryi (Bedd.) Stein. Paphiopedilum 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52.

103 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild Relative Wild Wild Relative Wild Wild Relative Wild Spice, wild Spice, relative. Spice Spice Flowers Flowers Wood fragrant, Wood Ornamental Tirunelveli Tirunelveli hills Southern W. W. Southern Ghats Southern W. W. Southern Ghats Southern W.Ghats Southern W.Ghats Southern W.Ghats Malabar region Southern W.Ghats Nilgiri and Idduki hills Scandant Scandant undershrub Woody Woody climbing shrub Slender climbing shrub Large climbing shrub Large Climbing shrub Climber Tree Tree Trees Piperaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae Annonaceae Sterculiaceae Ericaceae . Piper barberi Gamble (Miq.) C. DC. (Miq.) C. Piper galeatum Buch. –Ham. ex Hook. f Hook. ex –Ham. Piper hapnium Buch. f. Piper schmidtii Hook. Piper trichostachyon (Miq.) C.DC. Piper wightii Miq. Polyalthia fragrans (Dalz.) Bedd. fragrans Polyalthia Wt. et Arn. et Wt. Pterospermum reticulatum Smith subsp. Rhododendron arboreum Smith subsp. nilagiricum (Zenker)Tagg 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61.

104 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Forage Wild Relative Wild Fruits Wild Relative Wild Wild Relative Wild Wild Relative Wild Wild Relative Wild Wild Relative Wild Fruit Kalakad ranges Kalakad Travancore hills Travancore W. in southern Ghats Southern W.Ghats Southern W. W. Southern Ghats Southern W. W. Southern Ghats India Nadu) (Tamil Southern W. W. Southern Ghats Palaghat Palaghat W. southern Ghats Agasthyamala Agasthyamala hills Tall herb Tall

Small tree Small tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Small tree Poaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae . (Hook. f.) C.E.C.Fischer (Hook. stapfii. Sorghum (Gamble) Rathakr. et Rathakr. (Gamble) bourdillonii Syzygium Nair N.C. (Bourd.) Gamble (Bourd.) Syzygium chavaran Wall. ex Wight et Arn. et Wight ex Wall. Syzygium densiflorum Syzygium malabaricum (Bedd.) Gamble Syzygium microphyllum Gamble Syzygium microphyllum (Bourd.) Chitra (Bourd.) Syzygium mundagam Syzygium palaghatense Gamble Syzygium parameswaranii Syzygium parameswaranii A.N.Henry Mohanan et 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70.

105 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild Relative Wild Wild relative Wild Wild relative Wild Wild relative relative Wild pulse Ornamental Timber Wild Relative Wild Trichur, Trichur, Quilon, in Wynaad W. southern Ghats Anamalai hills Anamalai Southern W.Ghats Southern W.Ghats Nicobar islands Andaman island South Andaman island South Andaman islands Tree Scandent herb Herb Herb Erect herb Erect Small tree Tree Herb with corm Myrtaceae Cucurbitaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Araceae Meliaceae Meliaceae Araceae . wightii Hook. f. Aglaonema nicobarica Hook. Aglaia fusca King moora mannii King ex Brandis Amoora f ex Hook. Amorphophallus longistylus Kurz. Syzygium travancoricum Gamble travancoricum Syzygium Trichosanthes anamalaiensis Bedd. anamalaiensis Trichosanthes Vigna bourneae Gamble Vigna vexillata (L.) A.Rich. et Sharma Babu ex Baker) Benth. var. 71. 72. 73. 74. XXII. Islands Agrobiodiversity Region: Region: Agrobiodiversity Islands XXII. 1. 2. 3. 4.

106 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild Relative Wild Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Sourse of cane Wild Relative Wild Relative Wild Car Nicobar Car Nicobar and Great Nicobar islands Nicobar islands Nicobar islands Nicobar Nicobar Andaman Andaman & Nicobar Andaman Andaman Woody Woody Rhizom- atous herb Tree Epiphytic Herb climber Epiphytic Epiphytic orchid Liana Clustering rattan Clustering rattan Zingiberaceae Arecaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Caesalpinaceae Orchidaceae Arecaceae Arecaceae Arecaceae Chakrab. Vijayakumaran (Kurz.) K. Schum. HornstedtiaK. fenzlii (Kurz.) Bentinckia nicobarica Becc. (Kurz) f. Aerides emericii Reichb. Balakr. et Anoectochilus nicobaricus Balakr. (Balakr. et Thoth.) Bauhinia nicobarica (Balakr. Bennet Hook.f. protractum Bulbophyllum Calamus andamanicus Kurz Calamus et Renuka baratangensis Calamus Vijayakumaran Renuka et basui Renuka Calamus 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

107 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild Relative Wild Wild Relative Wild Wood Ornamental Wood Wood Wood Wild relative Wild Ornamental Ornamental Andaman & Andaman island Nicobar Nicobar island Nicobar Andaman islands Andaman Andaman Great islands; Nicobar islands South Andaman Andaman island Andaman islands Andaman Nicobar Liana Climbing Climbing shrub Moderate sized tree Epiphytic orchid Tree Tree Tree Climber Epiphytic orchid Epiphytic orchid Arecaceae Arecaceae Burseraceae Orchidaceae Dilleniaceae Dipterocar- paceae Meliaceae Dioscoreaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Calamus pseudorivalis Becc. pseudorivalis Calamus Calamus nicobaricusCalamus Becc. CanariumKing manii Hook. f. Hook. Dendrobium tenuicaule Dillenia andamanica Parkinson Dillenia andamanica Tewary DipterocarpisTewary andamanicus (King) et Sarkar Dysoxylum andamanicum King Dysoxylum Dioscorea vexans Prain & Burk. Dioscorea vexans Hook. f. Eria andamanica Hook. Balakr. et N.G.Nair Eria nicobarica Balakr. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.

108 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Fruit Wild relaiive Wild Wild relative Wild Fruit Wild relative Wild Ornamental Ornamental, Ornamental, wood Ornamental, Ornamental, wood Ornamental, Ornamental, wood Fire Wild relative Wild Andaman Andaman Great Nicobar Nicobar Great island Nicobar Nicobar islands Andaman Andaman island Andaman Andaman Andaman & Nicobar islands Andaman & Nicobar South and Middle Andaman islands ree ree ree Small tree Small tree t t t Terrestrial Terrestrial orchid Shrub Shrub Small tree Shrub Clusiaceae Clusiaceae Clusiaceae Clusiaceae Myristicaceae Orchidaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Oleaceae andamanica andamanica andamanica King var. Garcinia Garcinia calycina Kurz. calycina Garcinia Garcinia jelinekii Kurz. Garcinia Garcinia kurzii Pierre connarioides Horsfieldia macrocarpa var. (King) Sinclair Habenaria Hook.f. andamanica Bremek. andamanica Ixora Ixora nicobaricaIxora Bremek. Ixora rosella Kurz Ixora Balakr. et N.G. et N.G. andamanicum Balakr. Jasminum Nair 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.

109 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild relative Wild Wild relative Wild Timber Minor fruit tree Ornamental Wood Wild relative Wild Wild relative Wild Wild relative of relative Wild rice North Andaman island (Saddle peak) Andaman & Nicobar islands Great Nicobar Great island Andaman Andaman & Nicobar islands Andaman Nicobar Great islands Andaman islands Andaman islands Rut island, Rut island, Saddle Peak Scandant shrub Tree Tree Tree Euergreen Small tree Tree Tree Tree Herb Oleaceae Myristicaceae Euphorbiaceae Anacardiaceae Annonaceae Annonaceae Sapotaceae Myristicaceae Poaceae Balakr. et N.G. N.G. et unifoliolatum Balakr. Jasminum Nair subp. Wilde de (Warb.) Knema andamanica andamanica Balakr. et Chakrab. nicobaricaMacaranga Balakr. King andamanica Mangifera Miliusa andamanica (King) Finet et Gagnep Miliusa andamanica Hutch. et Parkin. Miliusa tectona Hutch. Mimusops andamanica King et Gamble Mimusops Myristica connarioides King Oryza indandamanica Ellis 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.

110 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing

Fruit edible Ornamental Wild relative Wild Ornamental Leaves used Leaves as fodder (elephant) Medicnal Medicinal Agroforestry Andaman Andaman islands Andaman & Andaman island Nicobar Andaman & Nicobar islands North Andaman island Great Nicobar Great islands Andaman & Nicobar islands. Andaman & Nicobar islands Narcondam Narcondam island Andaman islands Large Shrub Large Shrub An elegant tree Shrub Tree Tree Shrub Shrub Small tree Pandanaceae Pandanaceae Annonaceae Euphorbiaceae Araliaceae Anacardiaceae Loganiaceae Loganiaceae Myrtaceae Pandanus andamanensis Kurz. Pandanus Pandanus leram Voight leram Pandanus Polyalthia parkinsonii Hutch. parkinsonii Polyalthia Balakr. et N.G.Nair Balakr. andamanica Phyllanthus T. Chakrab. T. Schefflera pushpangadanii Semecarpus kurzii Engl. Strychnos andamanensis Hill. Strychnos narcondamensis Hill. Syzygium andamanicum (King) Balakr. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.

111 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild relative Wild Ornamental Wood Ornamental Wild relative Wild Ornamental Ornamental Middle Andaman Great Nicobar Nicobar Great island Andaman & Nicobar islands Andaman islands Andaman islands Andaman islands Andaman islands A moderate A moderate sized tree A small tree A small small tree Minute Minute epiphytic herb without leaves Climbing orchid A moderate sized tree Terrestrial Terrestrial herb Myrtaceae Apocynaceae Combretaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Meliaceae Orchidaceae Syzygium manii (King) Balakr. Syzygium var. crispa Roxb. Tabernaemontana nicobarica Kurz. Terminalia manii King manii Terminalia Balakr. et Bharg. Balakr. andamanicum Taeniophyllum Vanilla andamancia Rolfe Vanilla Walsura candollei King Walsura Prantl. Zeuxine andamanica King et Prantl. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.

112 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing ure- 3 exure- Ann Medicinal Medicinal Culinary Medicinal Roots :medicinal value Medicinal Genetic resource Used for medicine Ephedrine is salt of used in an alkaloid; Asthma. Remarks Remarks EN V EN I I R R EN I Threat Threat status Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herbaceous climber Scandent shrub Habit Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Liliaceae Solanaceae Saxifragaceae Berberidaceae Fabacae Dioscoreaceae Ephedraceae Family

Threatened Species of 22 Agrobiodiversity Importance Agrobiodiversity of 22 Species Threatened Plant Species Aconitum kashmiricum Stapf ex Coventry Allium auriculatum Kunth Atropa acuminata Royle Bergenia ligulata Engl. Berberis kashmiriana Ahrendt Benth. Cicer microphyllum ex Griseb. Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. . Wall gerardiana Ephedra Aconitum deinorrhizum Holmes ex Stapf 5 2. 3. 4. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. No SL . I. Cold Desert Agrobiodiversity Region: Agrobiodiversity Cold Desert I.

113 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wood used agricultural Wood implements. disorders In nervous disease. and digestive Medicinal Culinary Culinary Medicinal Medicinal Medicinal Medicinal Medicine Medicinal Medicinal Medicinal CR V EN EN V I EN CR I EN EN CR V Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Aceraceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Liliaceae Liliaceae Solanaceae e Ranunculacea Boraginaceae Berberidaceae Asteraceae Scrophu- lariaceae Papaveraceae Asteraceae Aconitum falconeri Stapf Stapf latilobum . var Aconitum moschatum (Bruhl) Stapf StearnAllium roylei Allium stracheyi Baker Atropa acuminata Royle Jacks. D. ex B. Falc. Aquilegia nivalis Don) ex G. Arnebia benthamii (Wall. Johnston I.M. Berberis huegelliana Schneid. ex DC var. Wall. Acer oblongum Banerji membranaceum (Falc.) Lipschitz. Saussurea costus (Falc.) Royle ex Benth. ex kurrooaPicrorhiza Royle Meconopsis aculeata Royle Meconopsis Inula racemoa Hook.f.Inula racemoa 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 14. 12. 11. 10. II. Western Himalayan Agrobiodiversity Region: Agrobiodiversity Himalayan Western II.

114 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Medicinal Root narcotic, Root narcotic, ornamental Root narcotic, Root narcotic, ornamental Medicinal, wild edible. Medicinal, Dye and fodder Dye Fodder Fodder Fodder Spice Ornamental Used for medicine Used for Fragrant, Ornamental Fragrant, EN V EN EN I I R R I R EN EN Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herbaceous Herbaceous climber Herb Scrophul- ariaceae Papaveraceae Papaveraceae Asteraceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Apiaceae Liliaceae Dioscoreaceae Asteraceae Royle ex Benth. Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle Meconopsis latifolia Prain Meconopsis aculeata Royle Lactuca undulata Lebeb. Indigofera himalayensis Ali himalayensis Indigofera Indigofera cedrorum Dunn Indigofera Benth. ex cachemirianumHedysarum Benth. Babu Benth. ex Benth. astragaloides Hedysarum Baker C.B. Cl. Heracleum cachemiricum C.B. Eremurus himalaicus Baker himalaicus Eremurus Wall. ex Griseb. ex deltoidea Wall. Dioscorea (Wall.) arnicoidesCremanthodium (Wall.) R.Good 21. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10.

115 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wood, ornamental Wood, Ornamental Fibre of pigeon relative Wild pea house hold For furniture Fruits

Wood useful for useful for Wood furniture making. Wild relative Wild Medicinal Dye, Dye Medicinal Medicinal EN I I V V EN EN I R V R CR Tree Shrub Shrub Climber Shrub Tree Tree Trailing Trailing herb Herb Climbing herb Herb Herb Aceraceae Urticaceae Fabaceae Arecaceae Capparidaceae Aceraceae Ulmaceae Fabaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae . serrulatum Pax . var Acer osmastonii Gamble Dutta Boehmeria Deb et R. tirapensis Cajanus sericeus (Benth.ex Baker) der Maesen van Anders. inermisCalamus T. Jacobs Capparis pachyphylla Acer sikkimense Miq. Ulmus wallichiana Planch. Ulmus Rubia edgeworthii Hook.f. Klotzsch Rubia himalayensis f Saussurea clarkeiHook. Saussurea costus (Falc.)Lipschitz Rhynchosia pseudo-cajan Camb. Rhynchosia 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 21 22 23 24 22 25. : region Agrobiodiversity Eastern Himalayan III.

116 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Multipurpose Multipurpose Multipurpose Medicinal Ornamental Wild relative Wild Medicinal Ornamental Ornamental Forage Wild relative Wild Medicinal ornamental Epiphyte, EN V EN EN CR V V EN I V EN EN V Shrub, Shrub, sometimes epiphytic Shrub Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Palm Tree Rhizoma tous Small tree Erect shrubErect Herb Herb Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Scrophul- ariaceae Orchidaceae Araliaceae Valerianaceae Arecaceae Zingiberaceae Fabaceae Vitaceae Ranunculaceae Orchidaceae Rhododendron santapaui Sastry et al. Wall. Rhododendron formosum Hutch. et Rhododendron concinnoides Hutch. Ward Royle ex Benth. Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle Paphiopedilum fairrieanum (Lindl.) Stein Paphiopedilum Wall. pseudoginseng Panax Nardostachys grandiflora DC. grandiflora Nardostachys Livistona jenkinsiana Griff.Livistona jenkinsiana Hedychium longipedunculatum Sastry longipedunculatum Hedychium Verma et D.M. Bor Gleditsia assamica (Kurz) Planch. (Kurz) Cissus spectabilis . Wall Coptis teeta Rchb.f. aurantiacum Dendrobium 7. 8. 9. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10.

117 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Khasi papeda, Khasi papeda, CitrusWild Indian wild orange, wild relative Ornamental Medicinal for furniture Wood of mango relative Wild Used for urinary trouble Medicinal Epiphyte, ornamental Epiphyte, Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental I EN I CR V I CR CR VU V R CR Small tree Shrub Rhizoma- tous herb Tree Tree Tree Climbing shrub Tree Herb Tree Palm Epiphytic Epiphytic herb Rutaceae Rutaceae Zingiberaceae Aquifoliaceae Ixonanthaceae Anacardiaceae Nepenthaceae Sterculiaceae Orchidaceae Magnoliaceae Arecaceae Orchidaceae Citrus indica Tanaka Rao et dekianum A.S. Hedychium Verma D.M. Ilex khasiana Purakaystha Ixonanthus khasiana Hook.f. khasiana PierreMangifera Nepenthes khasiana Hook.f. Sterculia khasiana Debberman ( Swingle) Tanaka Citrus latipes ( Swingle) Magnolia gustavii King Magnolia gustavii . Rchb.f Dendrobium auranticum (Joseph) S.K. Basu S.K. triandra (Joseph) Wallichia Griff. ex Lindl. ex Griff. coerulea Vanda 2 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 1. 21. 20. V. Khasia-Jaintia-Garo Hills Agrobiodiversity Region: Agrobiodiversity Hills Khasia-Jaintia-Garo V. IV. Brahmaputra valley Agrobiodiversity Region: Agrobiodiversity valley Brahmaputra IV.

118 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild relative Wild Ornamental Ornamental Medicinal Medicinal Fruit ornamental Epiphyte, Medicinal fruitEdible Medicinal Forage Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental I V EN EN CR I V EN V EN V I I EN Tree Tree Herb Tree Tree Shrub Herb Herbaceous climber Tree Tree Tree Rhizoma- tous Rhizoma- tous Rhizoma- tous Anacardiaceae Magnoliaceae Liliaceae Aquifoliaceae Aquifoliacae Capparidaceae Orchidaceae Dioscoreaceae Elaeocarpaceae Celastraceae Fabaceae Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae Mangifera khasiana PierreMangifera Magnolia gustavii King Lilium mackinliae Sealy Ilex venulosa Hook.f. Ilex venulosa Ilex khasiana Purakaystha Dendrobium auranticum Rchb.f. auranticum Dendrobium ex Griseb. Wall. Dioscorea deltoidea Muell.) Mast. Elaeocarpus (C. prunifolius Blakelock assamicus Euonymus Bor Gleditsia assamica et A.S.Rao calcaratum Hedychium Verma D.M. Rao et A.S. gracillimum Hedychium Verma D.M. Clarke marginatum C.B. Hedychium Capparis cinerea Jacobs 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. VI. North-Eastern Agrobiodiversity Region : Agrobiodiversity North-Eastern VI.

119 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Ornamental Multipurpose Multipurpose Multipurpose Multipurpose Multipurpose Multipurpose Ornamental Wild relative Wild Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental Ornamental CR EN EN V Rare V V CR V CR CR CR CR Epiphytic Epiphytic herb Shrub or tree Shrub or tree Shrub Shrub Shrub Tree or Tree shrub Epiphyte Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Orchidaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Orchidaceae Araliaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae

Griff. ex Lindl. coerulea Griff. Vanda Rhododendron wattii Cowan Rhododendron wattii (Watt ex Hutch.) Cullen bauhiniflorum (Watt Hook.f. var. Rhododendron triflorum Hook.f. Watt. ex Rhododendron macabeanum Watt. Balf.f. Watt. Rhododendron johnstoneanum Watt. ex Hutch. . Rhododendron formosum Wall Watt ex Brandis Watt Rhododendron elliottii Renanthera imschootiana Rolfe Renanthera Wall. pseudo-ginseng Panax (Lindl.) Stein villosum Paphiopedilum (Wall.) Pfitz. Pfitz. (Wall.) venustum Paphiopedilum ex Stein Paphiopedilum spicerianum (Reichb.f.) Paphiopedilum Pfitz. Paphiopedilum fairrieanum (Lindl.) Stein Paphiopedilum 27. 26. 25. 24. 23. 22. 21. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15.

120 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wood, ornamental Wood, Fiber used for making Fiber used rope. value Fodder for tool Ash wood handle. ornamental Medicinal, Forage Gum and resin, medicine relative Wild green Medicinal, manure green Medicinal, manure I I I R E I V I R R Tree Under shrub Under shrub Tree Shrub Herb Shrub Climber Shrub Shrub Bignonoiaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Combretaceae Acanthaceae Poaceae Burseraceae Cucurbitaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae var. var. (Blatt. et Hallb.) Hallb.) et (Blatt. major var. (Sm. ) Seem. undulata (Sm. Tecomella . et Hallb chrysocarpa Blatt. . Guill.ex Perr fruticosum Abutilon Anogeissus sericea Brandis var. nummularia King ex Duthie dicantha subsp. Barleria prionitis L. Blatt.et Hallb. Kanodia et Cenchrus rajasthanensis Nanda wightii (Arn.)Commiphora Bhandari Cucumis prophetrum L. .var. coerulea Roxb Indigofera monosperma (Sant.) Sant. Trimen constrictaIndigofera (Thw) Hochst.ex A. A. Hochst.ex bidentatum Abutilon Rich. Bhandari 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 10. VII. Arid western Agrobiodiversity Region : Agrobiodiversity Arid western VII.

121 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wood Spice

Nil Wild relative of relative Wild pigeonpea Ornamental Wild relative of relative Wild pigeonpea Realtive Wild Fodder of relative Wild Soyabean Withania. of Withania. Relative somnifera EN R Nil I V I I EN V Herb Tree Nil Shrub Herb Shrub Herb Herb Climbing herb Under shrub Apiaceae Fabaceae Nil Fabaceae Asteraceae Fabaceae Apiaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Solanaceae Carum villosum Haines Albizia thompsonii Brandis Nil (C.B. Clarke) Clarke) Helichrysum cutchicum (C.B. Rao et Deshpande R.S. (Benth ex Baker) Cajanus sericeus (Benth ex Baker) der Maesen van Carum villosum Haines Sanjappa deccanensis Indigofera . ex Lindl filicaulis Griff. Nogra (Benth. ex Baker) ex Baker) Cajanus sericeus (Benth. der Maesen van (Stocks) Dunal coagulans (Stocks) Withania 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 2. 3. 1. 11. XI. Upper Gangetic Plains Agrobiodiversity Region: Agrobiodiversity Plains Upper Gangetic XI. X. Bundelkhand Agrobiodiversity Region: Region: Agrobiodiversity Bundelkhand X. IX. Kathiawar Agrobiodiversity Region: Region: Agrobiodiversity Kathiawar IX. VIII. Malwa Plateau and Central Highlands Agrobiodiversity Region: Agrobiodiversity and Central Highlands Plateau Malwa VIII.

122 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Medicinal Spice Spice of rice relative Wild Wild relative of rice relative Wild Wood Spice Fodder Spice Tufted Tufted grass, grass oil Lemon Fodder R EN R I I R EN EN EN I EN Small tree Herb Herb herb Tall Tall herb Tall Tree Herb or Hemicr. rhizome geophyte Herb Herb Small tree Meliaceae Apiaceae Apiaceae Poaceae Poaceae Fabaceae Apiaceae Cyperaceae Apiaceae Poaceae Fabaceae Carum villosum Haines Pycnocycla glauca Lindl. Sharma et Shastry S.D. Oryza nivara Aglaia haseleltiana Haines Wall. ex Watt. ex Oryza officinalis Wall. Carum villosum Haines oraestans Nees var. Carex myosurus Kuek. Clarke) (C.B. Ligusticum alboalatum Haines Brandis Albizia thompsonii galbanum var. (Brandis) oudhensis (Brandis) Indopiptadenia Brenan R. Parker osmastonii R. Cymbopogon 2. 3. 4. 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 4. 3. XIV. Chotanagpur Agrobiodiversity Region: Agrobiodiversity Chotanagpur XIV. XIII. Gangetic Delta Agrobiodiversity Region: Region: Agrobiodiversity Delta Gangetic XIII. XII. Lower Gangetic Plains Agrobiodiversity Region: Agrobiodiversity Plains Gangetic Lower XII.

123 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild relative of relative Wild Wood Wood Wild relative Wild Wild relative of rice relative Wild cattle. Grass eaten by relative. Wild relative Wild Ornamental pigeonpea manure Green

Wood Wild relative of rice relative Wild I I R R I R R I I I Endemic Trailing Trailing herb Tall herb Tall Under- shrub Climber Under- shrub Shrub herb Tall Tree Tree Tree Tall herb Tall Fabaceae Poaceae Fabaceae Convolvulaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Poaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Poaceae Poaceae Rhynchosia filipes Benth. Rhynchosia Watt ex Oryza officinalis Wall. malampuzhaensis (Krish) subsp.. Tateoka Baker beddomei Rhynchosia Balakrishnan arakuensis Argyreia der (Haines) van Cajanus cajanifolius Maesen barberiIndigofera Gamble et Oryza jeyporensis Govindaswami Krishnamurthy Brandis Albizia thompsonii Albizia orissensisSahni et Bennet Acacia donaldii Haines S.D. Sharma et Shastry S.D. Oryza nivara 8. 9. 4. 5. 6. 7. 3. 2. 1. 1. 10. XVI. Koraput Agrobiodiversity Region: Agrobiodiversity Koraput XVI. XV. Bastar Agrobiodiversity Region: Agrobiodiversity Bastar XV.

124 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild relative Wild Wild relative Wild Wild relative Wild Dye Ornamental; cosmetic Ornamental; Wild relative Wild Wild relative Wild Medicinal Wood Wild relative Wild Wild relative Wild I EN R R EN R I I R VU I I Tall herb Tall Tree Shrub Shrub Small tree Shrub Under- shrub Under shrub Tree Tree Rhizoma- tous herb Tall herb Tall Poaceae Sapotaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Cycadaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Liliaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Zingiberaceae Poaceae . var . var S.D. Sharma et Shastry S.D. Oryza nivara (C.B. Clarke) Clarke) Madhuca diplostemon (C.B. Royen van (Thw.) Trimen constrictaIndigofera (Thw.) Indigofera barberiIndigofera Gamble Cycas beddomei Dyer Cycas beddomei galbrifoliata Ellis Crotalaria DC. willdenowiana Crotalaria. Willd paniculata nagarjunekondensis Thoth. nagarjunekondensis sparagus rottleriAsparagus Baker Brandis Albizia thompsonii Arn. Acacia campbellii Zingiber roseum Roscoe Zingiber p. subs Watt ex Oryza officinalis Wall. Tateoka malampuzhaensis (Krish) 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 10 11. 11. astern Ghats Agrobiodiversity Region: Agrobiodiversity Southern eastern Ghats XVII.

125 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild relative of rice relative Wild of relative Wild pigeonpea Wood Wood relative Wild Medicinal ceropegine Medicinal, Wood Medicinal Wild relative Wild Wild relative. Wild I VU VU V R I EN V R I Rare Tall herb Tall Climbing herb Tree Tree Tree Under shrub Twiner Tree Shrub Trailing Trailing herb Under shrub Poaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Liliaceae Asclepiadaceae Sterculiaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae

Arn. Rhynchosia velutina Wight et velutina Rhynchosia (Krish) Tateoka malampuzhaensis (Krish) Gamble Albizia lathamii Brandis Albizia thompsonii rottleriAsparagus Baker Nimmo ex Hook.f.Ceropegia odorata populifolia (Roxb.) Hildegardia et Endl. Schott. Trimen constrictaIndigofera (Thw) subsp. Watt ex Oryza officinalis Wall. Arn.Acacia campbellii Rhynchosia filipes Benth. Rhynchosia Rhynchosia beddomei Baker beddomei Rhynchosia 9. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. 13. 12. XVIII. Kaveri Agrobiodiversity Region: Region: Agrobiodiversity Kaveri XVIII.

126 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild spp. Wild of relative Wild pigeonpea Construction purpose Medicinal of relative Wild pigeonpea relative Wild relative Wild Medicinal Fodder relative Wild CR I R VU I I I R R I EN Under shrub Shrub Scandent shrub Tree Under shrub Shrub Under shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Tree Malvaceae Fabaceae Arecaceae Mimosaceae Asparagaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Sapotaceae . subsp. ( Wt.et Arn) van Wt.et Cajanus lineatus ( der Maesen Becc. brandisi Calamus Woodr. ex Stapf Woodr. ranadei Abutilon sparagus rottleri Asparagus Baker ex Baker) Cajanus sericeus (Benth. der Maesen van Crotalaria var. Willd. paniculata Thoth. nagerjunekondensis Crotalaria DC. willdenowiana constrictaIndigofera (Thw.)Trimen deccanensis Sanjappa Indigofera Clarke) Madhuca diplostemon (C.B. Royen van glabrifoliolata Ellis cacia campbellii Arn.Acacia campbellii 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. XX. Konkan Agrobiodiversity Region : Region : Agrobiodiversity Konkan XX. XIX. Deccan Agrobiodiversity Region: Agrobiodiversity Deccan XIX.

127 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Medicinal and ornamental Ornamental Wild relative Wild Wild relative of soya of soya relative Wild bean Alkaloid. Colchicine Alkaloid. Fodder Ornamental Ornamental relative Wild relative Wild Ornamental Fodder CR R I V V I R Possibly Ex. R R I I Herb Herb Herb Climbing herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Scandent herb Rhizoma tous herb Herb Herb Liliaceae Amaryllidaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Liliaceae Fabaceae Asclepiadaceae Amaryllidaceae Cucurbitaceae Zingiberaceae Ranunculaeae Fabaceae

Blatt. et Hallb. Scilla viridis Blatt. Pancratium parvum Dalzell Pancratium (Krish) Tateoka malampuzhaensis (Krish) subsp. Watt ex Oryza officinalis Wall. (Baker) Merr. (Baker) dalzellii Nogra Iphigenia stellata Blatt. Indigofera deccanensis Sanjappa Indigofera . attenuata Hook Ceropegia Blatt. et McC. et Crinum Blatt. eleonorae Cucumis setosus Cogn Curcuma purpurea Blatt. Delphinium malabaricum (Huath) Billore ghaticum . Mung var T.Cooke dalzelli Indigofera 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10.

128 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild relative Wild Food relative Wild of pigeon relative Wild pea Construction relative Wild relative Wild relative Wild Wild relative Wild Seed eaten in scarcity & & in scarcity Seed eaten wild relative relative Wild R I E I Rare Rare Rare R I R I Tuberous Tuberous herb Herb Tuberous herb Shrub Scandent shrub Tree Herb Shrub Herb Herb/ Under shrub Herb Araceae Araceae Araceae Fabaceae Arecaceae Lauraceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Zingiberaceae Fabaceae Zingiberaceae Amorphophallus Blume dubius Amorphophallus Barnes mysorensis et C.E.C.Fisch. Arn ) van et Wt. Cajanus lineatus ( der Maesen Becc. brandisii Calamus Gamble travancoricum Cinnamomum Crotalaria clarkei Gamble Crotalaria digitata Hook. mophophalllus commutatus (Schott.) Amophophalllus commutatus Engl. Zingiber neesanum (Grah.) Ramam. Zingiber neesanum Vigna khandalense (Sant.) Vigna khandalense Wadhwa et Sundararagh. Zingiber cernuumZingiber Dalz. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. 17 18. 16. XXI. Malabar Agrobiodiversity Region: Agrobiodiversity Malabar XXI.

129 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild relative Wild Aromatic, medicinal Aromatic, Medicinal Wild relative Wild Wild relative Wild Wild relative Wild Ornamental Alkaloid -Cochicine Spice Fruit Source of wood Source Source of wood Source Medicinal Wild relative Wild I CR V EN EN I EN EN EN EN V I Rare Rare Scandent Tree Small tree Tree Tree Scandent Herb Herb Herb Tree Tree Tree Climbing Climbing herb Under shrub Cucurbitaceae Myrtaceae Rutaceae Sapotaceae Sapotaceae Cucurbitaceae Orchidaceae Liliaceae Apiaceae Clusiaceae Elaeocarpaceae Ebenaceae Dioscoreaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Momordica subangulata Bl. Momordica Meteoromyrtus wynaadensis (Bedd.) Meteoromyrtus Gamble Wight Melicope indica (Radlk.) H.J. Lam. Madhuca insignis (Radlk.) H.J. . Lam (Gamble)H.J. Madhuca bourdillonii Luffa umbellata (Klein) Roem Luffa Ipsea malabarica Hook.f. (Reichb.f.) Ansari et R.S. Rao AnsariIphigenia sahyadrica et R.S. (Wight et (Wight Heracleum candolleanum Arn.) Gamble T. And. T. Garcinia wightii Elaeocarpus Corner recurvatus Diospyros bourdillonii Brand. bourdillonii Diospyros Dioscorea wightii Hook.f.Dioscorea Wight et Arn. et Wight Crotalaria grahamima 9. 22. 21. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10.

130 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Fruit Wild Relative Wild Wild relative Wild Wild relative Wild Wild relative Wild Wild relative Wild Wild relative Wild Wild relative Wild Ornamental Ornamental Wild relative Wild Wild relative of coffee relative Wild Wild relative Wild EN EN I I I CR R EN CR EN I Rare R Small tree A large tree Trailing Trailing herb Trailing Trailing undershrub Trailing Trailing herb Climber Climber Climber Herb Herb Herb Stiff shrub Tree Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae Orchidaceae Amaryllidaceae Poaceae Rubiaceae Myristicaceae i (Wight. ex Syzygium benthamiana (Wight. Duthie) Gamble (Duthie) Chithra (Duthie) beddomei Syzygium Rhynchosia filipes Benth. Rhynchosia Wight et Arn. et heynei Wight Rhynchosia Chandr. et Shetty jacobii Chandr. Rhynchosia Piper pykarahense C.DC.Piper pykarahense Buch.-Ham. ex Hook.f. Piper hapnium Buch.-Ham. Piper barberi Gamble Paphiopedilum druryi (Bedd.) Stein Paphiopedilum Pancratium parvum Dalzell Pancratium subsp. subsp. Watt ex Oryza officinalis Wall. Tateoka (Krish)malampuzhaensis e) Deb (Gambl Nostolachma crassifolia et Lahir . Myristica Houtt. var fatua Sinclair J. (Bedd.) Magnifica 35. 34. 33. 32. 31. 30. 29. 28. 27. 26. 25. 24. 23.

131 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wood Ornamental, toddy Ornamental, relative Wild Wood for match boxes Wood Spice Spice Wild relative Wild Spice Spice Wild relative Wild Fruit Fruit Fruit Fruit R I I CR I I I R I CR CR EN CR EN Palm Small tree Tree Tree Herb Herb Climber Climber Climber Tree Small tree Small tree Small tree Small tree Arecaceae Clusiaceae Bombacaceae Bombacaceae Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae Fabaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae andamanica (Gamble) Alston (Gamble) var. Corypha macropoda Lindel ex Kurz Garcinia andamanica King var. andamanica polystemon polystemon var. Bombax insigne Wall. Prain . Bombax insigne Wall Prain Zingiber neesanum (Grah.) Ramam. Zingiber cernuum Dalz Vigna bourneae Gamble Lindl. ex Hook. f. ex Hook. Lindl. wightiana Vanilla Vanilla walkeriae Wight Vanilla Syzygium travancoricum Gamble Syzygium travancoricum Gamble Syzygium palghatense (Bourd.) Gamble (Bourd.) chavaran Syzygium courtallense Syzygium (Gamble) bourdillonii Syzygium N.C.Nair Rthakr.et 3. 4. 2. 1. 38 44. 43. 42. 42. 41. 40. 39. 37. 36. XXII. Islands Agrobiodiversity Region: Agrobiodiversity Islands XXII.

132 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild relative of rice of relative Wild Spice Fruit & wood Fruit Fruit Fruit relative Wild relative. Wild CR CR I I I V R CR Climber Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Herb Tree Orchidaceae Myrtaceae Clusiaceae Clusiaceae Clusiaceae Anacardiaceae Poaceae Myrtaceae Vanilla andamanica Rolfe andamanica Vanilla (King) N.P. Balakr. (King) N.P. Syzygium manii Garcinia jelinekii Kurz Garcinia Pierre ex Vesque kingii PierreGarcinia ex kurzii PierreGarcinia King andamanica Mangifera Oryza Ellis indandamanica (King) N.P. Syzygium andamanicum Balakr. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 12. 11. 10. Note: CR : Critically Endangered species; EN : Endangered species; V: Vulnerable species; I : Indeterminate; R: Rare species Rare R: Indeterminate; I : species; Vulnerable V: species; Endangered EN : Critically species; Endangered CR : Note: 133 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing ure- 4 Annexure- Remarks Genetic resource Yields fibre for fibre Yields and cordage; ropes Genetic resource Cultivated Cultivated Yields a white Yields for twine; fibre Genetic resource Naturalized; Naturalized; Genetic resource Genetic resource Distribution Mainly Western Kerala, Gujarat, forests; in m Ghats, 1600 upto Nadu Tamil Maharashtra, North west Western Himalayas, Ghats Tropical & Sub-tropical zones & Sub-tropical Tropical Deccan Peninsula, extending to Ghats Western southern Coastal plains of Western Ghats, Ghats, Western Coastal plains of Western & Eastern Bengal West Himalayas, also in Central India Crop Crop group VE VE/MP VE VE VE VE Common Common name WR Okra WR Okra Okra / Bhindi WR Okra WR Okra WR Okra

List of Cultivated plants and their Wild relatives in India in India relatives Wild and their plants Cultivated List of Botanical name Botanical Wall. ex Abelmoschus angulosus Wall. Arn. & Wight Abelmoschus crinitus Wall. Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench Abelmoschus ficulneus (L.) Arn. & Wight (L.) Medik. Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. manihot subsp. (L.) Medik. Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. ex (Roxb tetraphyllus subsp. megaspermus var. Hornem.) Borss. Hemadri S. S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6

134 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Source of Source seed oil; Ambrette Genetic resource Tolerant to yellow to yellow Tolerant mosaic virus; vein Genetic Resource Fibre used for rope used for rope Fibre making Fodder Source of fibre of fibre Source North- east India and tropical Himalayas West Coastal areas along Western Western along areas Coastal West Ghats Western Himalayas, Deccan Hills Hills Deccan Himalayas, Western Ghats Western and North/north-western plains Barmer, Barmer, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur western in coast Haryana and Konkan Rajasthan, Punjab, Jaisalmer, Mohangarh in Western Western Mohangarh in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan,Gujarat and Punjab Semi-arid regions VE VE MP/VE VE FO FO MP WR Okra WR Okra WR Okra / Muskdana/ Musk Mallow WR Okra Rajasthan kanghi Rajasthan Kanghi Bara kanghi

(L.) Medik. Abelmoschus (L.) Medik. manihot subsp tetraphyllus ex Hornem.) Borss. (Roxb Hochr. pungens (Roxb.) var. (L.) Medik. Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. tetraphyllus subsp. ex Hornem.) Borss. (Roxb. tetraphyllus var. Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. Pal & Singh Singh & Abelmoschus tuberculatus Pal butilon bidentatum Hochst. Abutilon major var. A.Rich. ex & Hall.) Bhandari (Blatt. Guill. & Perr. & Perr. fruticosum Guill. Abutilon & Hallb. chrysocarpa Blatt. var. butilon hirtumAbutilon (Lam.) Sweet 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 135 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Also used for fibre; for fibre; Also used Weedy Genetic resource Genetic Introduced Introduction, Introduction, in Cultivated in almost all States India Genetic resource A widely utilized tree forest Used as detergent Agro-forestry Many partsMany of India Ratnagiri in Konkan, endemic Ratnagiri in Konkan, Western Himalayas Western Many partsMany India of Leeward Leeward Semi-arid plateau Deccan Subtropical Subtropical forests in most parts of India- peninsular India, India foot W. hills of Himalayas, Tropical forests of East forests Tropical north-east India, Himalayas, peninsular India & hills of Rajasthan Northern E .Ghats (Koraput) MP OR AF AF AF M, W, W, M, CP AF AF

Indian abutilon/ Kanghi Ranadei Ranadei Kanghi Acacia Acacia Acacia black black catechu, cutch, black catechu, cutch tree, katha Shikakai Acacia (L.) Sweet indicum Abutilon Woodr. & Stapf & Stapf Woodr. ranadei Abutilon Acacia albida Delile Acacia auriculiformis Benth. Arn. Acacia campbelii (L.f.) Willd. Acacia catechu (L.f.) (Willd.) DC. Acacia concinna (Willd.) Acacia donaldii Haines 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 136 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated and Cultivated yields Naturalized; a gum Cultivated Multipurpose; Multipurpose; yields tannin and gum Cultivated; yields Cultivated; tannin and gum Multipurpose and Wild tree, Cultivated Cultivated pods Introduced; used as and leaves yield a gum fodder; Medicinal Many partsMany of India Arid & Semi-arid zones of northern India and central Plains and dry forests in north, Plains and dry in north, forests central and east north-west, India. Nilgiris , Western Ghats Western Nilgiris , Arid & Semi-arid zones India throughout Semi-arid regions of north, Semi-arid regions of north, Andaman India, north -west Islands Rajasthan Western Ghats Western AF AF AF AF AF/FO AF FO OR Cassia flower, Vilayati Kikar Kikar, Babul Kikar, White Babul Black Wattle Black Babul Babul Gum Arabic Gum Orchid (L.) Willd. Acacia farnesiana (L.) Benth. Acacia jacquemontii (Roxb.) Willd. (Roxb.) Acacia leucophloea leucophloea var. de Wild. Acacia mearnsii de Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile indica (Benth.) Bernan subsp. (L.) Willd. Acacia senegal (L.) Acacia tortilis (Forskk.) Hayne (Roxb.) Acampe praemorsa Blatter & McCann 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 137 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wood Wood Wood Wild & Cultivated Wild Wood Wild, a poison Wild, the from prepared root Wild, Ornamental Wild, Wild, Ornamental Wild, Wild; Root Wild; paste applied in rheumatism and neuralgia N.W.Himalayas Shiwalik hills Shiwalik Mishmi hills, Arunachal Pradesh. Mishmi hills, Recent Introduction Mishmi hills, Arunachal Pradesh Mishmi hills, Along alpine slopes, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh in N.W.Himalayas. Himachal N.W.Himalayas Pradesh in Himachal Pradesh Himalayan region Himalayan AF AF AF FR AF MP MP MP MP Acer WR Himalayan Mapple WR Himalayan Mapple Pine apple guava WR Himalayan Mapple Aconite/ Safed bikh Aconite/ Bis Aconite Indian Aconite/ Bish Wall. ex D.Don Wall. Acer acuminatum Wall ex DC. DC. ex Wall Acer oblongum Banerji membranaceum var. Wall ex DC. ex DC. Wall Acer oblongum microcarpum Hiern var. (O. Berg) Burret Acer sellowiana (O. Acer sikkimense Miquel serrulatum Pax. var. Aconitum deinorrhizum Stapf Aconitum falconeri Stapf falconeri var. Aconitum falconeri Stapf Stapf latilobum var. Wall. ex Ser. Wall. Aconitum ferox 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 138 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild; Valuable Valuable Wild; febrifuge and non- bitter tonic, poisonous Wild Herb, Bish poison Herb, of Mishmees Wild & Cultivated Wild Ornamental Introduced, Introduced, Cultivated Genetic resource Introduced, Introduced, Cultivated Genetic resource Wild and Wild Cultivated Himalayan Region Himalayan N.W. Himalayas N.W. Arunachal Pradesh In wet swampy places in many places in many swampy In wet to sea level from parts of India, 2500 m Sikkim Temperate Himalayas Temperate Sikkim Southern Plateau Deccan Stony alpine habitat of northStony western Himalayas Dry of Northern/ areas peninsular zone and also in Siwaliks MP MP MP MP OR FR FR AF CE FR/MP Aconite Aconite Aconite Sweet Flag, Flag, Sweet Bach Orchid Gold Kiwifruit Wild Kiwi Wild Baobab WR Wheat WR Bael Wall. Wall. Aconitum heterophyllum ex Royle Aconitum kashmiricum Stapf ex Coventry Aconitum lethale Griff. L. Acorus calamus Acrochaene punctata Lindl Actinidia chinensis Planch. Hook.f. & Thomson & Actinidia strigosa Hook.f. Adansonia digitata L. Aegilops tauschii Cosson (L.) Correa ex Roxb. Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa ex Roxb. 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 139 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Wild; Genetic Genetic Wild; resource Wild; Genetic Genetic Wild; resource Wild; Genetic Genetic Wild; resource Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Wood used for Wood packing cases Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Introduced Eastern Himalayas Southern Western Ghats Western Southern Nicobar islands Western Ghats Western Eastern Himalayas Western Ghats Western Eastern Himalayas Himalayas at 900-3600m Himalayas Tropical region of India Tropical Mostly cultivated in Botanical Mostly cultivated Gardens OR OR OR OR OR OR OR FR/ MP SP AF Orchid Orchid Orchid Orchid Orchid Orchid Orchid Himalayan Himalayan Chestnut Melegueta Pepper Agathis Aerides Lindl. williamsoni Aerides crispa Lindl. Reichb.f. Aerides emericii Reichb.f. Aerides maculosa Lindl. Aerides Lour. odorata Aerides ringens Lindl. Aerides rosea Lodd. Coleb. ex Wall. ex Aesculus indicus Coleb. (Rosc.) melegueta (Rosc.) Aframomum K.Schum. (F. Muell.) F. M. Bailey M. Muell.) F. (F. Agathis robusta 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 140 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Introduced, Introduced, acclimatised; and yields a strong fibre durable Introduced, Introduced, acclimatised; and yields a strong fibre durable Wild and Weedy, Weedy, and Wild Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Wood used for Wood and plywood stem vineers; Many partsMany of India Many partsMany India of North west India North west NW Himalayas Nilgiris, Southern Western Western SouthernNilgiris, Ghats Nilgiris Sikkim Many partsMany of India FI FI FO FO FO FO OR AF/ MP American Aloe Sisal Black bent grass WR Bent grass WR Bent grass WR Bent grass Orchid Maharuk gave americanaAgave L. gave sisalana Perr. Agave Roth Agrostis gigantea Aitch.& Hemsl. Aitch.& Hemsl. Agrostis munroana indica Sunanda & Jain subsp. Agrostis peninsularis Hook.f Agrostis schmidii (Hook.f.) Fischer. C.E. grostophyllum myrianthum Agrostophyllum King & Pantl Roxb. Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 141 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing and root bark and root leaves medicinal; as and shoots fodder Wild and Planted; and Planted; Wild yields a resin A multipurpose plant Wild Wild, Wood useful Wood Wild, Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Tropical Tropical humid parts of India- Ghats Western The drier parts of India, in plains in drierThe partsIndia, of and foothills of southern India Many partsMany India of Many partsMany India of North-eastern Hills and Central Highlands Many partsMany of India Northern E .Ghats Many partsMany of India MP/AF AF MP/FO AF/FO AF AF AF AF/FO Guggul dhup Ankola Oil Cake Oil Cake Tree Madagascar albizi/ Siran WR Albizia WR Siris tree Albizia Silver Bark Silver Tree Rain (Dennst.) Ailanthus triphysa Alston langium salviifolium Wangerin Alangium salviifolium (Roxb.) B. Boivin B. (Roxb.) Albizia amara (Osb.) Merr. Albizia chinensis (Osb.) (Roxb.) Prain (Roxb.) Albizia kalkora Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Albizia orissensis Sahni & Bennet (Roxb.) Benth. (Roxb.) Albizia procera 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 142 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, endemic Wild, Semi-domesticated Genetic resource Cultivated Genetic resource Cultivated Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Semi-domesticated; Semi-domesticated; substitute for leek, used in salads Genetic resource Wild and Wild Cultivated Southern Western & Ghats Eastern Eastern Ghats Western Himalayas Western Western Himalayas Western Many partsMany India of Central Asia to West Himalayas West Asia to Central Many partsMany India of Western Himalayas Himalayas Western (Uttarakhand) Western Western Himalayas and Khasi hills N.W. Himalayas N.W. Westerm Himalayas Westerm N.W.Himalayas East Himalayas & Khasi hills East Himalayas AF AF VE VE VE WR VE VE VE WR VE WR VE WR Albizia WR WR Albizia WR WR Onion Leek Shellot WR Garlic Onion WR Onion WR Onion WR Garlic WR Onion WR Garlic WR Onion lbizia thompsonii Brandis Albizia thompsonii Brandis Albizia thompsonii galbana var. Allium altaicum Pall llium ampeloprasum L. Allium ampeloprasum L. Allium ascalonicum llium carolinianum DC. Allium carolinianum Allium cepa L. Allium cernuum Roth. Allium chinense G Don. F.T. Wang & Tang & Wang Allium chitralicum F.T. Allium fistulosum L. F.T.Wang & Tang & Allium gilgitiacum F.T.Wang Allium griffithianum Boiss. 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 143 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Cultivated Wild and Wild Genetic cultivated; resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Western Himalayas Western C. Nepal and East Himalayas Nepal and C. Jammu Jammu Kashmir & Pradesh Himachal Western Himalayas Western C. Himalayas C. Sikkim NW Himalayas Western Western Himalayas, Kashmir to Up to 2400 m Kumaon, Many partsMany of India Western Western Himalayas, Kashmir to Up to 2400 m Kumaon, North Western Himalayas Himalayas Western North Central Himalayas, Sikkim Central Himalayas, North Western Himalayas Himalayas Western North SP WR VE VE WR WR SP SP SP VE VE WR VE/ SP WR Onion WR Garlic WR Onion WR Onion (Baadsah Salap) Winter leek Winter WR Garlic Wild Garlic Wild WR Onion WR Onion Garlic Chives WR Onion Wild Garlic Wild WR Onion llium humile Kunth Allium humile llium hypsistum StearnAllium hypsistum Baker Allium macleaniiBaker Allium porrum L. llium pratti WrightAllium pratti StearnAllium rhabdotum Stearn. Stearn. Allium roylei M. Bieb. Allium rubellum M. Allium sativum L. Allium schoenoprasum L. Allium senescens L. Allium sikkimense Baker Allium stracheyi Baker 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 144 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild and Wild Cultivated Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Food Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated; Cultivated; Used Naturalized; in cosmetics Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Western Western Himalayas to m Up to 1800 eastern hills, north- Alpine Himalayas from Kashmir and Meghalaya to Sikkim Assam to Indo- China Western Ghats Western Assam, Bengal plains & Assam, India Peninsular North & eastern Himalayas India Peninsular Deccan Peninsula & Western Western & Deccan Peninsula Ghats Western & Eastern & Ghats Western North- east & Southern peninsular India and the Himalayas VE SP WR TC TC/VE TC/VE MP MP MP Chives WR Onion Wild Giant Wild Taro Giant taro Giant Taro Giant Giant taro Barbados Aloe WR Galanga Greater Greater Galanga Rottl. ex Spreng. Rottl. Allium tuberosum Allium wallichii Kunth Schott. Alocasia acuminata (Lour.) G. Don Don G. (Lour.) Alocasia cucullata Alocasia indica Schott (L.) G. Don f. Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Aloe barbadensis Mill. lpinia calcarata Rosc Alpinia calcarata Alpinia galanga (L.) Sw. 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 145 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild and Wild cultivated; yield rhizomes oil essential Wild and Wild Cultivated; Rhizomes are substitute for ginger Grown as avenue as avenue Grown trees Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Weed N.E India to south east Asia south east India to N.E North-easternndia/ East i Himalyas Tropical Tropical and subtropical forests India throughout Tropical Tropical and subtropical forests out India through Peninsular Peninsular India, Central India, Indo- gangetic plains, Foot hills of Himalayas Jaisalmer in western Rajasthan Jaisalmer Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India MP SP SP AF/MP FO/MP OR/FO FO PC WR Galanga Galangal/ Light Galangal Dita bark Alstonia Chatta-ki- Ghas Alysicarpus Purple Amaranth (Burm. f.) (Burm. Alpinia malaccensis Roscoe (Pers.) B. L. L. B. (Pers.) Alpinia zerumbet Sm. M. Burtt & R. Wendl.) (J.C. syn Alpinia speciosa Suhum K. Alstonia scholaris R.Br. R.Br. Alstonia venenata Alysicarpus monilifer (L.) DC. (L.) DC. Alysicarpus monilifer (L.) DC. & Hallb Blatt. venosa var. (L.) DC. Alysicarpus vaginalis maranthus blitum L. blitum Amaranthus 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 146 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Weed, Cultivated Weed, Cultivated Introduced and Introduced Naturalized ; Genetic resource Cultivated; Cultivated; Naturalized Cultivated; Cultivated; Naturalized An escape from An escape from cultivation Weed in fallows in fallows Weed Weed & Cultivated Weed In warmer regions Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India Eastern Ghats Many parts of tropical India parts Many tropical of Many partsMany India of Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India Eastern Ghats Many partsMany of India PC PC PC PC PC PC PC VE PC Foxtail Foxtail Amaranth Red Amaranth Spleen Amaranth Green Green Amaranth/ Hybrid Amaranth Princes Feather; Ramdana Amaranth Spiny Spiny Amaranth Amaranth Chinese Amaranth Willd ex Roxb ex Willd polygamus L polygamus L. caudatus Amaranthus maranthus cruentus Amaranthus Mart. ex Thell. ex dubius Mart. Amaranthus maranthus hybridus L. Amaranthus maranthus hypocondriacus L. Amaranthus maranthus paniculatus L. Amaranthus maranthus spinosus L. Amaranthus maranthus tenuifolius Willd. Amaranthus tricolorAmaranthus L. gangeticus L., syn Amaranthus mangostanus L., Amaranthus A. 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126

147 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Wild and Wild cultivated Wild; Genetic Genetic Wild; resource Wild; Genetic Genetic Wild; resource Wild; Genetic Genetic Wild; resource Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Under growth in Under growth forests; evergreen also Cultivated Many partsMany of India West Himalayas West Many partsMany of India East Himalayas & lower Gangetic Gangetic lower & Himalayas East plains Western Ghats Western Assam to Myanmar Sri Lanka Tropical and subtropical Asia and subtropical Tropical S. India S. S. India, Sri Lanka India, S. Eastern Himalayas PC SP SP SP SP WR WR WR WR WR SP Green Green Amaranth Honey plant Honey Honey plant Honey Bengal cardamom Wild Wild Amomum Wild Wild Amomum Wild Wild Amomum Wild Wild Amomum Wild Wild Amomum Wild Wild Amomum Cardamom Cardamom (greater) maranthus viridisAmaranthus L. mmi majus L. Ammi majus (L.) Lam (L.) Lam Ammi visnaga momum aromaticum Roxb. Amomum momum cannaecarpum Amomum (Wight) Benth. momum corynostachyum Wall. Amomum momum fulviceps Thwaites Amomum Roxb. Roxb. maximum Amomum dealbatum Roxb. A. syn momum muricatum Bedd. Amomum Thwaites pterocarpumAmomum Thwaites Baker microstephanum syn A. momum subulatum Roxb. subulatum Amomum 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 148 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Western Western Ghats (Agasthyamalai hills) North Eastern Himalayas, North Eastern Himalayas, Western & peninsular India Ghats Southern western Ghats S.W. India S.W. Northern W.Ghats ( Konkan) W.Ghats Northern S. Andaman Is. S. North East India to W. Malesia W. North East India to TC TC TC Tubers Tubers Tubers Tubers WR Elephant foot yam Voodoo Voodoo WR Lily, Elephant foot yam WR Elephant Yam foot WR Elephant foot yam WR Elephant foot yam WR Elephant foot yam WR Elephant foot yam Amorphophallus bonoccordensis & Mohanan Sivadasan (Roxb.) Amorphophallus (Roxb.) bulbifer Blume Amorphophallus commutatus (Schott) Engl. Amorphophallus hohenakeri & Gehrm. (Schott.) Engl. Hett., Amorphophallus Hett., konkanensis Patil & K.S. Yadav S.R. Amorphophallus Kurz longistylus f. ex Hook. Amorphophallus muelleri Blume 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 149 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Genetic Cultivated, Wild in Wild Cultivated, Ghats Western Genetic resource Fruits and seeds medicinal Genetic resource; Genetic resource; Fruits and seeds medicinal India (S. Karnataka: Karnataka: India (S. Billigirirangan Hills) Southern W.Ghats W.Ghats Southern Tropical India Tropical South & N.E.India S.W. India S.W. Western Ghats Western Tubers Tubers TC/VE Tubers Tubers TC WR Elephant foot yam WR Elephant foot yam Elephant foot yam WR Elephant foot yam WR Elephant foot yam WR Elephant foot yam E. E. Amorphophallus mysorensis Fisch Barnes & C.E.C. Amorphophallus nicolsianus Sivadasan Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson Amorphophallus campanulatus syn. Decne. Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson Sivad. campanulatus (Decne.) var. syn Amorphophallus campanulatus Decne. Amorphophallus smithsonianus Sivadasan (Roxb.) (Roxb.) Amorphophallus sylvaticus Kunth. 145 146 147 148 149 150 150 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Genetic resource Genetic Wild, fruits edible Wild, Cultivated Wild Wild Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Forage Eastern Ghats, Western Ghats Western Eastern Ghats, Peninsular India, Gangetic Plains Gangetic India, Peninsular Coastal zone Sikkim Himalayas Nallamalais of Kurnool district in Eastern Ghats Many partsMany of India Southern Western Ghats Western Southern Aridsemi-arid and zones Plains of Malwa Plateau and Plains of Malwa Central Highlands FR FR CC OR MP MP MP FO/MP FO WR Grape WR Grape Cashew nut Cashew Orchid WR Kalmegh Kalmegh WR Kalmegh Tambuki Tambuki grass (Dalz) araneosa Ampelocissus ex Gamble Planchon & Gibs. Dalz. syn.Vitis araneosus (Heyne tomentosa (Heyne Ampelocissus ex Roth) Planchon Heyne syn.Vitis tomentosa ex Roth nacardium occidentale L. Anacardium (King & Pantl.) (King & Pantl.) Androcorysgracilis Schltr J. L. Ellis L. J. nallamalayana Andrographis (Burm. f.) paniculata (Burm. Andrographis ex Nees Wall. ndrographis serpyllifolia (Rottler Andrographis Wight Vahl) ex ndropogon gayanus Kunth Andropogon gayanus Andropogon pumilus Roxb. 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 151 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Leaves for flavour Leaves Wild Introduced Wild In swamps Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Wild Wild Many partsMany of India Western Himalayas Western Western Himalayas Western Tropical India Tropical Western Ghats Western Many partsMany India of Southern/ Peninsular India and Assam Peninsular Peninsular and eastern plains Indian Many partsMany of India Sikkim Himalayas Nicobar islands SP SP MP FR FR FR FR FR FR OR OR Indian dill Angelica Anisochilus Pineapple Cherimoyer WR Custard Custard WR apple/ Alligator Apple Sour sop Bullock's Heart Custard Custard apple Orchid Orchid L. L. Anethum graveolens Kurz sowa A. syn. L. Engl., Engl., Angelica archangelica L. Archangelica Hoffm. officinalis syn. Wall Anisochilus carnosus (L.) Merr. Annanas comosus Annona cherimola Mill. nnona glabra L. Annona glabra Annona muricata L. Annona reticulata L. Annona squamosa L. Anoectochilus brevilabris Lindl. Anoectochilus nicobaricus & Chakrb. Balakr. 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170

152 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild and Wild yields a cultivated; gum medicinal Cultivated Wild Wild Wild Cultivated Wild Introduced Cultivated Cultivated Masticatory Genetic resource Many partsMany of India North- west and Central India and North- west Western Rajasthan Western Eastern Himalayas Sikkim Himalayas Gangetic plains Many partsMany India of Southern Peninsular India Southern Peninsular Many partsMany of India Coastal zone & Southern Deccan Southern & zone Coastal Plateau & North- India east Nagaland Eastern Himalayas, Island eco- region AF AF AF OR OR SP FO FO OS CC CC CC Anogeissus Anogeissus Anogeissus Orchid Orchid Celery WR Groundnut Groundnut Arecanut Arecanut WR Arecanut WR Arecanut

(Kuntze) F. J. Herm J. hagenbeckii F. (Kuntze) (Roxb.) Bedd. latifolia (Roxb.) Anogeissus Edgew. pendula Edgew. Anogeissus Anogeissus sericea Brandis nummularia King ex Duthie var. nthogonium gracile Wall.ex.Lindl. Anthogonium gracile phyllorchis alpina King & Pantl Aphyllorchis pium graveolens L. Apium graveolens pluda mutica L. Apluda mutica Benth. Arachis glabrata var. rachis hypogaea L. Arachis hypogaea Areca catechu L. Areca nagensis Griff Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham. ex Buch.-Ham. Areca triandra Roxb. 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 153 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Wild; Fermented Wild; drink Wild Roots yield dye Wild Wild and Wild Cultivated Cultivated Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Introduced & Introduced Cultivated Genetic resource Genetic resource Southern India peninsular Southern western Ghats Sikkim Himalayas. Dry parts of North India Himalayas Western Himalayas Western Southern Deccan Plateau Leeward Deccan Plateau Leeward Leeward Deccan Plateau Leeward Tropical India Tropical Eastern Himalayas, Andaman Eastern Himalayas, Island Andman & Lakshadweep Islands Andman & Lakshadweep W OR MP MP MP/FO MP MP FO FO FR FR FR Sugar palm Arenga Ratanjot Sea- worm wood Davana WR Carpgrass Carpgrass Breadfruit WR Jack WR Jack fruit WR Jack WR Jack fruit

(Wumb.) Merr. (Wumb.) Arenga pinnata renga wightii Griff.Arenga wightii (Clarke) Oostat sikkimensis (Clarke) Argyreia Arnebia hispidissima DC. (Sieber ex Lehm.) Artemisia japonica Thunb. Artimisia maritima Thunb. Wall. ex DC. Artemisia pallens Wall. Jain Arthraxon deccanensis Jain Hook.f. Arthraxon inermis Hook.f. Jain tzvelevii var. Artocarpus Fosberg (Park.) altilis Buch. Ham. Ham. Artocarpus chama Buch. chaplasha Roxb. syn A. Artocarpus Wall. gomeziana Trec. ex 183 184 185 186 187 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 154 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild and Wild Cultivated Timber; Wild and Wild Timber; planted Wild; Genetic Genetic Wild; resource Wild Wild Introduced Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild Wild Wild and Wild Cultivated Tuber, coolant Tuber, Fleshy roots roots Fleshy aphrodisiac Western Western Ghats, Gangetic plains India and NE Western Ghats, Karnataka, Kerala, Kerala, Karnataka, Ghats, Western Nadu Tamil Maharashtra, Western Western Himalayas, NE India India and Peninsular Eastern Himalayas & Southern Ghats Western Southern W. Ghats W. Southern Recent Introduction Many partsMany India of W.C. & C. Himalaya & C. W.C. Southern W. Ghats W. Southern Many partsMany of India Leeward Semi-arid Deccan Leeward plateau Subtropical India Subtropical FR FR FR OR FO FR MP M MP OR MP MP Jack fruit Jack WR Jack WR Jack fruit Monkey Monkey jack Orchid Orchid Pawpaw Satawar Wild Wild Satawar Satawar Satawar Satawar Wild Wild Satawar Artocarpus Lam. heterophyllus ArtocarpusLamk. hirsutus Artocarpus lakcuha buch.-Ham (D.Don) (D.Don) Arundina gramnifolia Hochr. Munro Arundinaria densifolia Munro Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal sparagus adscendens Roxb. Asparagus Buch. Ham. ex Ham. curillusAsparagus Buch. Roxb. sparagus fysonii MacbrydeAsparagus sparagus racemosus L. racemosus Asparagus Asparagus rottleri Baker sparagus sarmentosusAsparagus L. 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 155 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild Wild Wild and Wild cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Genetic resource Weedy type Weedy Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated and Cultivated naturalized Cultivated and Cultivated naturalized Multipurpose tree Wild & cultivated Wild North West Himalayas West North West and East Himalayas and West Jammu Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh in N.W.Himalayas. Northwest Himalayas Northwest Northwest Himalaya Northwest Northwest Himalayas Northwest Kumaon Himalayas Kumaon North India Peninsular India, north-east India, Peninsular Andaman Islands India, Peninsular India, North-east India, Peninsular India and the Islands Tropical and Tropical subtropical parts of India Southern Peninsular India Southern Peninsular MP/FO FO/VE MP MP CE FO CE CE FR FR AF/MP FR Rudrawanti Atriplex Indian Belladona Belladona, Belladona, Deadly nightshade WR Oat WR Oat Oat Oat Bilimbi Carambola Neem S.Indian S.Indian Kathaphal stragalus candolleanus Benth. candolleanus Astragalus Atriplex hortensis L. Royle Royle Atropa acuminata L. Atropa belladonna Pott. ex Link. ex Link. barbata Pott. Avena vena fatua L. fatua Avena vena ludoviciana Dur. Avena vena sativa L. sativa Avena Averrhoa bilimbi L. verrhoa carambola L. Averrhoa carambola A. Juss. Azadirachta indica A. Baccaurea courtallensis (Wight) Muell-Arg 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 156 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild & cultivated Wild Widely exploited exploited Widely as memory in several enhancer herbal drugs Source of Source Diosgenin Used in house construction Wild & Cultivated, & Cultivated, Wild materialRaw for pulp and paper Wild Cultivated, Used in Cultivated, construction, house basketry and craft Cultivated, for Cultivated, and making baskets mats NorthIndia and Orissa East Throughout Throughout wet humid regions of India Drier parts India of North East India, West Bengal, Bengal, West North East India, Jharkhand and Bihar, up to 600 m Uttarakhand, Moist deciduous forests, up to up to Moist deciduous forests, 1000 m Assam North East, Orissa and Bengal, at Bengal, Orissaand NorthEast, altitudes of 500-1500 m Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Bengal West Sikkim, FR MP AF CC CC CC CC CC Kathaphal Bacopa, Bacopa, moneywort, adha- birni, safed brahmi, chamni Hingoli Bamboo Bamboo Bamboo Bamboo Bamboo Baccaurea ramiflora Lour. ramiflora Baccaurea Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell Planch. Planch. Balanites roxburghii Delile aegyptiacus B. syn. Bambusa balcooa Roxb. Bambusa ( L.) Voss. Voss. bambos ( L.) Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) syn Bambusa Willd. Bambusa cacharensisBambusa R.Majumdar G. C. Wall. Wall. C. nutans G. Bambusa ex Munro Bambusa pallida Munro Bambusa 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 157 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild; tender shoot Wild; pulping edible, and for house construction Wild Wild and Wild used Cultivated; in basketry and weaving Used for paper- decorative making, items and handicrafts. Cultivated, Leaves Leaves Cultivated, used and roots in cough and inflammations Wild Timber & fuel wood Arunachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya,Tripura. Khasia –Jaintia hills, Meghalaya hills, Khasia –Jaintia North East and West Bengal West North East and In natural forests in Central and North East India. Peninsular India Peninsular Rajasthan Many partsMany of India CC CC CC CC MP MP AF Bamboo Bamboo Bamboo Bamboo Blue bell barleria Philippine- violet Vajradanti Ingar Bambusa polymorpha Munro polymorpha Bambusa Bambusa pseudopallida Bambusa R.Majumdar Bambusa tulda Roxb. Bambusa Schrad. ex J.C. ex J.C. vulgarisBambusa Schrad. Wendl. Barleria cristata L. L. Barleria prionitis L. & Hallb dicantha Blatt. subsp. Barringtonia acutangula Blume 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 158 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Bark insecticidal, Bark insecticidal, used in organic farming Cultivated Cultivated Medicinal, coolant, coolant, Medicinal, eaten flowers Young shoots and Young eaten leaves Wild and Wild Cultivated; in Introduced Andaman & Nicobar Islands Cultivated Cultivated, Yellow Yellow Cultivated, bell West coast West Many partsMany of India Many partsMany India of Widely cultivated and naturalized and cultivated Widely in India States in several Nicobar islands Almost all States in India. Almost all Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India AF VE VE AF OR AF AF AF Samudra- phala Indian Spinach Indian Spinach White Dwarf Bauhinia Bauhinia Bauhinia Bauhinia Bauhinia Barringtonia Roxb racemosa Basella alba L Basella alba Basella rubra L Basella rubra Bauhinia acuminata L. Bauhinia acuminata Bauhinia nicobarica Thoth.) Bennet & (Balakr. Bauhinia purpurea L. Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Bauhinia racemosa Bauhinia tomentosa L. 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 159 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Camel's Foot Foot Camel's Climber Cultivated, Cultivated, Variegated Cultivated Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild; Main Wild; ingredient of Rasout Wild Wild Cultivated Tropical Tropical and subtropical forests India throughout Many partsMany of India Northern plains Himalayan region Himalayan NW Himalayas & Sikkim NW Himalayas Himalayas NW Himalayas & NE India NW Himalayas Uttarakhand, NW Himalaya Uttarakhand, Manipur NW Himalayas, NW Himalayas, Pradesh Madhya Nagaland Manipur & Meghalaya Tamil Nadu (Nilgiris) Tamil AF AF VE OR MP MP AF MP MP MP MP MP Bauhinia Bauhinia Ash Gourd Ash Gourd Evergreen Evergreen Dogwood Daru haridra Barberry Salmon barberry Barberry Indian Barberry Barberry Barberry Barberry

Wight & Arn. & Wight vahlii Bauhinia Bauhinia variegata L. variegata Bauhinia (Thunb.) Cogn. (Thunb.) Benincasa hispida (Wall.) (Wall.) Benthamidia capitata Hara. H. syn Cornus capitata Wall. Berberis aristata DC. Berberis asiatica DC. Berberis chitria Lindl. Ahrendt Berberis Ahrendt feddii Berberis Royle lycium Berberis micropetala Schneider Berberis W.W.Smith sublevis Berberis tinctoria Leschen 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254

160 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild and Wild cultivated Skin treatment Introduced, Introduced, cultivated Introduced, Introduced, cultivated Bark is most valuable Wild Wild Cultivated Fibres used for Fibres and fishing cordage nets Wild & Cultivated Wild Nagaland Himalayan region Himalayan Temperate Himalayas Temperate Temperate Himalayas Temperate Throughout Himalayas, at 3000- Himalayas, Throughout 4000m Sikkim Himalayas Arunachal Pradesh Hotter parts of India Gangetic plains of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar Several parts of India, Upto 1500 Upto India, partsof Several m MP VE TC AF/MP OR OR OT FI FI

Barberry Patherchuri Sugarbeet Sea beet, Sea beet, palangsag, palanki Birches; Bhojapatra Orchid Orchid Latkan African jalanette Chinese silk plant Schneider Berberis wardii Bergenia ligulata Engl. Bergenia Beta vulgaris L. L. Beta vulgaris L. Arcang. maritima (L.) subsp. syn Beta vulgaris L. orientalis (Roth) Moq. var. D. Don Betula utilis D. BiermanniaKing & Pantl bimaculata Biermannia jainiana Rao A.N. Hegde & Bixa orellana L. Boehmeria Hornem. macrophylla Boehmeria malabarica Wedd. 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 161 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Cultivated Wild & Cultivated Wild Cheap timber, Cheap timber, pulp,match Paper stick Soft wood Soft wood Used for Toddy, Toddy, Used for Jaggery Candy, (Multipurpose) Wild Timber Wild Several parts of India Several Several parts of India Several Many partsMany India of Tropical deciduous forests forests deciduous Tropical Andaman islands Andman island (Narcondam) Eastern Peninsular Bengal India W. semidry districts of and Endemic to Eastern Ghats Most dry of India forests Semi-arid zones FI FI CO CO CO CO FR CO MP FO Chinese silk Chinese plant Chinese silk Chinese plant Bombax Bombax Bombax Bombax Palmyra Palmyra palm Boswellia Olibanum Olibanum Tree Pitted blue Pitted blue grass

Boehmeria (L.) Gaud. nivea Boehmeria platyphylla D.Don Boehmeria platyphylla Bombax ceiba L. malabaricum DC. syn B. Bombax insigne Wall. Wall. Wall. Bombax insigne Prain andamanica var. Wall. Wall. Bombax insigne Prain polystemon var. Borassus flabellifer L. Borassus Boswellia ovalifoliolata Boswellia ovalifoliolata Henry A.N. & Balakr. Roxb.ex colebr. colebr. Boswellia serrata Roxb.ex glabra Roxb. syn B. (L.) A.Camus Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 162 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Wild and Wild in some Cultivated parts Introduced Introduced, Introduced, in cultivated winter Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Introduced; Introduced; in Cultivated winter Recent introduction Cultivated Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India North India Many partsMany India of Plains and lower hills Plains and lower Plains and lower hills Plains and lower Cultivated in Punjab and Cultivated Gangetic Plains Several parts of india Several Temperate areas Temperate Many partsMany of India FO FO OS VE OS OS OS OS VE VE Buffalo grass Browntop Browntop millet Abyssinian Abyssinian mustard Knol rabi Indian mustard Mustard Rape seed Black mustard Knol-khol Cauliflower Brachiaria (Forsk.) Stapf. mutica Brachiaria (L.) Stapf ramosa A. Braun carinataBrassica A. Brassica caulorapa Pasq. caulorapa Brassica (L.) Czern. & Coss. juncea (L.) Czern. Brassica Brassica juncea Brassica Thell. integrifolia (West) subsp. & Lee Tsen. rugosa (Roxb.) var. Brassica napus L. Brassica Brassica nigra (L.) Koch. nigra Brassica Brassica olearacea L. olearacea Brassica var. botrytis L. var. oleracea Brassica 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 163 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Introduced, Introduced, in cultivated winters Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Associated with Sal Timber forests, Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India North SW and C. India, Assam India, North C. SW and Temperate areas Temperate Upper Gangetic plains Upper Gangetic Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India Western India, semi-dry plains India, Western Deciduous forests in many parts of India VE VE VE VE OS OS Gangetic Plains VE OS OS OS AF Cabbage Brussels sprouts Cabbage Cabbage turnip, , Kohlrabi stem turnip Broccoli Oilseed raped Chinese cabbage Turnip Annual Annual Turnip Mustard Ikdania var. capitata (L.) DC. capitata (L.) var. oleracea Brassica var. gemmifera var. oleracea Brassica Zenker gongylodes L. gongylodes var. L. oleracea Brassica L. var. italica Plenck var. L. oleracea Brassica Brassica napus Brassica quadrivalvis napus var. subsp. Schulz Thom.) O. & f. (Hook. L. L. rapa Brassica chinensis (L.) Hanelt subsp. Belly & Ketam purpurea L.H. var. L. subsp. rapa subsp. L. rapa Brassica L. L. rapa Brassica campestris (L.) subsp. A.R Clapham Brassica tournefortiiBrassica Gouan A. Juss. Juss. Bridelia retusa A. 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 164 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Bark medicinal, Bark medicinal, fruits edible Introduced, Paper Paper Introduced, pulp Cultivated in Cultivated warmer parts Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Foothills of Himalayas Foothills Many partsMany of India Many partsMany India of Dry deciduous forests Dry deciduous mostly forests, in peninsular India Southern Western Ghats Western Southern Sikkim Himalayas Sikkim Himalayas Sikkim Himalayas Western Ghats Western Sikkim Himalayas Arunachal Pradesh AF FI VE FR FR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR Bridelia Paper Paper mulberry Cucurbit Cuddapah almond Chironji Orchid Orchid Orchid Orchid Orchid Orchid Orchid Bridelia stipularis Blume (L.) Vent. (L.) papyrifera Broussonetia Bryonopsis L. laciniosa Buchanania axillaris (Desr.) Ramamoorthy P. T. Buchanania lanzan Spreng. Bulbophyllum acutifolium A.Rich. Bulbophyllum Bulbophyllum cornu-cerviBulbophyllum King & Pantl. Bulbophyllum ebulbum King & Pantl. ebulbum Bulbophyllum Reichb.f. Reichb.f. ebulepharum Bulbophyllum Bulbophyllum fuscopurpureumBulbophyllum Wight Bulbophyllum gamblei (Hook.f.) gamblei Bulbophyllum Hook.f Bulbophyllum obrienianumBulbophyllum Rolfe 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 165 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Wild Sikkim Himalayas Andaman islands Andaman Sikkim Himalayas Sikkim Himalayas Ganjam in Northern E Ghats hills Khasia-Jaintia Sikkim Himalayas Tropical Tropical and subtropical forests India throughout Tropical and Tropical subtropical regions Andaman and India, throughout Lakshadweep Nicobar islands, Many partsMany of India Dry forests in north & east north- India, central India, Deccan Plateau OR OR OR OR MP MP SP/MP AF MP AF AF Orchid Orchid Orchid Orchid Flame of the Forest Bonduc Cadoque Cats's claw piluliferum Bulbophyllum Pantl King & Hook.f. protractum Bulbophyllum Bulbophyllum sikkimensis Bulbophyllum J.J.Sm (King & Pantl.) Bulbophyllum thomsonii Hook.f.Bulbophyllum Nayar & Ban. Bupleurum andhricum Nayar (CI.) Bupleurum khasianum Mukh. K. P. P.K.Mukh. Bupleurum sikkimense Taub. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. Caesalpinia crista L. (Roth) Alston Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 166 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Introduced and Introduced Naturalized Wild and Wild Cultivated Introduced Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource

Throughout tropical India India tropical Throughout Deccan Peninsula and Eastern plains Introduced for Breeding Introduced Semi-arid regions of north-west, Semi-arid regions of north-west, central India and east and west coasts Perhaps Perhaps originated in India (Eastern Ghats). Now cultivated cultivated Now (Eastern Ghats). India all over Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Nadu Tamil Meghalaya, Nilgiris Assam, Meghalaya, Himachal Meghalaya, Assam, J & K, Delhi, Pradesh, Bengal West Uttaranchal, AF/OR AF GL GL GL GL GL WR Barbados' Barbados' Pride Mysore Mysore thorn WR Pigeon Pea WR Pigeonpea Pigeonpea WR Pigeonpea WR Pigeonpea WR Pigeonpea Caesalpinia pulcherrimaCaesalpinia (L.)Swartz L. sappan L. Caesalpinia (F. Muell.) (F. Cajanus acutifolius Maesen Muell., Atylosia acutifolia F. syn. Muell. F.v. acutifolia Rhynchosia ex Benth. (Wight & Arn.) & Cajanus albicans (Wight Maesen Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp Cajanus cajanifolius (Haines) Maesen Wight & Arn. & Cajanus candollei Wight Cajanus elongatus (Benth.) Maesen 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 167 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Manipur, Nagaland, West Bengal, Bengal, West Nagaland, Manipur, U.P. Sikkim, Western Ghats mountains; Ghats mountains; Western Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra, Kerala. Nadu, Tamil Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Himachal Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Meghalaya, Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh Semi-arid and dry forests from Jammu to Bihar , Orissa and to Dadra & Nager Haveli, Daman Rajasthan. Gujarat, & Diu, Many Many partsUpto 1800 of India , m in Himalayas Semi-arid zones Rajasthan, of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Pradesh Madhya and Orissa, also Goa, Arunachal Pradesh in Northeast zone, Southern Northeast zone, Deccan plateau Andaman & Nicobar islands WR GL WR GL GL GL GL CC WR Pigeonpea WR Pigeonpea WR Pigeonpea WR Pigeonpea; Sukhi Sengha WR Pigeonpea; Tor Jungli WR Pigeonpea WR Pigeonpea WR Raltam Cajanus grandiflorus grandiflorus Cajanus Maesen Baker) ex (Benth. Cajanus lineatus Cajanus Arn.) Maesen & (Wight Cajanus mollis (Benth.) Maesen Cajanus platycarpus (Benth.) Maesen (L.) Thours (L.) Cajanus scarabaeoides (Baker) Maesen Cajanus sericeus (Baker) Cajanus volubilis (Blanco) Blanco Cajanus volubilis crassa syn C. Kurz andamanicus Kurz Calamus 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 168 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Building material, material, Building construction & cottage Industry Cottage IndustryCottage Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Introduced Cultivated, Cultivated, herb Ayurvedic used for colouring food Wild, beauty berry Wild, Wild and Wild Cultivated Southern Western Ghats Western Southern Tropical India Tropical Sikkim Himalayas Sikkim Himalayas Himalayan region Himalayan Eastern Himalayas Sikkim Himalayas Temperate India Temperate Many partsMany of India Lower Lower warm & North East India valleys Himalayas of the Coastal zone & Andman islands, Ghats Western CC CC OR OR OR OR OR OR/MP OR AF/MP AF Wild Rattan Wild Rattan cane Orchid Orchid Orchid Orchid Orchid Calendula Pot marigold Pot Urn-Fruit Beauty berry Indian Laurel Calamus brandisii Becc & Hook.f. brandisii Calamus Calamus rotang L. Calamus Calanthe chloroleuca Lindl. Calanthe herbacea Lindl. Calanthe herbacea Calanthe mannii Hook.f (D.Don) Lindl. Calanthe masuca (D.Don) Calanthe whiteana King & Pantl Calanthe whiteana Calendula arvensis L. L. Calendula officinalis L. Callicarpa Vahl. macrophylla Vesquel L. Vesquel inophyllum Calophyllum 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 169 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Introduced, Cover Cover Introduced, crop Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Cultivated Cultivated Genetic resource Tropical India Tropical North-eastern Region, Eastern Himalayas Eastern Himalayass, North-east Region Assam (Tockali) In subtropical forests up to 1500 m Eastern Himalayas and N.E. region, Sikkim, and Bengal, in W. altitudes. Bay lower Islands at Arunachal Nagaland, Pradesh, Manipur, Andaman and Mizoram, Meghalaya Tripura, Assam, and Nicobar [Andaman Islands] Arunachal Pradesh Assam Hills of India Assam (Tockali) OT BV BV WR WR WR BV BV WR Calopograss WR Tea WR WR Tea WR Wild Tea Wild Wild Tea Wild Wild Tea Wild Tea Tea Wild Tea Wild Desv. mucunoides Calopogonium Camellia caudata Wall. Camellia Camellia drupifera Lour. Camellia drupifera Camellia irrawadiensis BaruaCamellia irrawadiensis Wall. Camellia kissi Camellia siangensis Nayar & M.P. T.K.Paul (L.) O.Kuntze Camellia sinensis (L.) O.Kuntze assamica (Masters) Kitamura var. Camellia sinensis L. (W. W. Sm.) Melch. W. Camellia taliensis (W. 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 170 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild Wild Resin Genetic resource Wild and Wild Cultivated Cultivated Wild Cultivated as Cultivated Roots ornamental, yields a medicinal, fibre Weedy in nature, in nature, Weedy under Cultivated license Jammu & Kashmir Jammu Lahul to Kumaon in Uttarkhand in Kumaon Lahul to Tropical India Tropical West and East coast of India; of India; and East coast West Deccan Plateau Cultigen not known in wild; in wild; Cultigen not known American Indian pre-historic grown now domesticate; out India through Many partsMany of India East and West coasts of India; coasts of India; West East and Andaman Islands Gardens in many parts in many of India Gardens Sub Himalayan Hill Tracts Indo Gangetic Plains & OR OR GR GL GL GL FO OR/MP NMP Blue bells Blue bells Black Dammar tree Wild bean Wild Sabre Bean Sabre Sword Bean Sword Coastal Jack Coastal Jack Bean Indian shot Bhang

Campanula ovata Benth ovata Campanula Nayar et Babu et Nayar wattiana Campanula Canarium strictum Roxb. Canavalia cathartica Thours Canavalia stocksii Dalz.& Gibson C. syn. (L.) DC. ensiformis (L.) DC. Canavalia (Jacq.) DC. gladiata (Jacq.) Canavalia (Willd.) Thours maritima (Willd.) C. syn. (Sw.) DC. rosea (Sw.) Canavalia L. Canna indica L. Gawl. syn Canna edulis Ker Cannabis sativa L. Cannabis sativa 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 171 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Common in drierCommon areas Wild Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Wild Wild Cultivated and Cultivated Naturalized Cultivated Genetic resource Wild & Cultivated Wild Genetic resource North western plains, Deccan North plains, western peninsula Arunachal Pradesh Many partsMany India of Many partsMany India of Many partsMany India of Many partsMany India of Nagaland Plains Upper Gangetic Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India North-western India, Western Ghats Many partsMany of India AridSemi arid and region FR FR SP SP SP SP/ VE SP/ FO FO FR FR FR FR OS Ket Fruit Chilli Chilli Chilli Bell pepper Papaya Karaunda WR Karaunda Karamadika Safflower Capparis Edgew (Forsk.) decidua Jacob Jacob Capparis pachyphylla Capsicum annuum L. Capsicum annuum Capsicum baccatum L. Capsicum baccatum Capsicum chinensis Jacq. Capsicum frutescens L. Capsicum frutescens D.M.Verma D.M.Verma Carex asraoi Nees Carex myosurus Kuek. Clarke) (C.B. oraestans var. L. Carica papaya Carissa Lour. carandas Carissa congesta Wight Carissa spinarum L. Carthamus oxycantha Bieb. Carthamus oxycantha 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 172 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Genetic resource Genetic Cultivated Cultivated Genetic resource Genetic resource source of Karvisource honey Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild and Wild urban Cultivated, forestry Wild Many partsMany of India North-western Himalayas, North-western Himalayas, m 2000-3500 Between Northwest and western Himalayas Himalayas western and Northwest Upto 3600 m & plains, Gangetic plains Gangetic plains, Eastern Ghats Gangetic plains, Konkan, W.Ghats Konkan, Grows Grows in sub temperate climate at 600-2000m Eastern and Western Ghats Western Eastern and Throughout Throughout regions of India subtropical tropical and Dry districts of Deccan OS SP SP WR WR OR FR W AF AF Safflower Caraway Caraway, Caraway, Kala zira Carvi, Carvi, Kalazira WR Carvi Karvi Pecan nut Pecan Toddy, fish- Toddy, tail palm, Kittul Amaltas Cassia

Carthamus tinctorius L. W. Koch. W. Carum bulbocastanum Carum carvi L. Carum strictocarpum Clarke Carum villosum Haines Carvia callosa (Nees) Bremek (Wang.) K. Koch Koch K. illinoensis (Wang.) Carya Nutt. ovaliformis C. syn. Caryota urens L. Cassia fistula L. Heyne ex Roth Cassia montana Heyne 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 173 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Exotic, Planted Planted Exotic, along coastal regions. Cultivated and Cultivated Naturalized Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild Wild, leaves used as leaves Wild, vegetable Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Introduced, Introduced, Paper Cultivated, pulp Himalayas, Assam, Himachal Assam, and Himalayas, U.P. North west Tropical to subtropical region subtropical to Tropical Many partsMany India of Hilly regions throughout India up to 1350 m E. Himalayas to Assam to Himalayas E. Eastern & Western Ghats, N.E. N.E. Ghats, Western Eastern & Andaman & Nicobar India, islands Hotter parts of the country Temperate Himalayan region Himalayan Temperate Many partsMany of India mainly in western Ghats FR AF MP FR Medi- cine VE FR AF FI Chestnut Casuarina Periwinkle Emetic Nut, Emetic Nut, Bangara fruit Sikkim resurrection lily WR Grape WR Cedar wood Kapok

Mill. Mill. sativa Castanea vulgaris L. C. syn. Casuarina L. equisetifolia G. Don. roseus G. Catharanthus (Thunb.) Tirven. Tirven. (Thunb.) Cattunaregam spinosa spinosa Thunb., Gardenia syn. Poir. Thunb.) Randia spinosa ( Caulokaempferia sikkimensis Lasten K. (King ex Baker) Cayratia pedata (Lam.) Gagnepain Cayratia Wall. ex Vitis pedata Vahl syn. Cayratia trifolia Domin Cayratia (Roxb.) Loud. (Roxb.) Cedrus deodara Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.Ceiba pentandra 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 174 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Cultivated Wild and Wild cultivated Many partsMany to of India up 1500m Temperate North-west Himalyas North-west Temperate Arid and Semi-arid regions Cultivated in plains of India Cultivated Jaisalmer, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur in Western Rajasthan Tropical regions Tropical Northwest India Northwest Throughout Throughout wet damp places in India OR/FO OR/FO FO FO FO FO OR MP Cock's comb European European nettle tree Anjan grass Anjan Grass WR Anjan WR Grass WR Anjan WR Grass CornFlower Asiatic pennywort, gotu kola, Indian pennywort, marsh pennywort, pennyweed, sheep- rot, thankuni L. L. Celosia argentea Celtis austarlis L. Celtis austarlis Roxb. Cenchrus biflorus Roxb. setigerus Vahl. syn C. Cenchrus ciliaris L. Cenchrus rajasthanensis Cenchrus rajasthanensis Kanodia & Nanda Cenchrus setigerus Vahl. Centaurea cyanus L. Centaurea cyanus Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 175 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Introduced Introduced Introduced & Introduced Cultivated Introduced Weed, Cultivated Weed, Vegetable Wild Leaves used as Leaves an adulterant of stramonium Used as potherb North-east India peninsular and Southern Cultivated in Darjling in Darjling Cultivated & NilgirisHimalayas Semi-arid zones Gangetic plains, Gangetic up plains, to 3000m in hills Kashmir to Kumaun, Kashmir at to altitudes Kumaun, m of 1,550- 3,600 Ladakh and Kashmir, Ladakh at and altitudes Kashmir, of 3,150- 5,400 m Western Himalayas Western Kashmir, Kashmir, Himachal Punjab, and Rajasthan Pradesh, to peninsular West into extending Bengal, India FO MP FO PC PC PC PC PC

Snake Plant, Snake Pea Butterfly Ipecac Chenopods Chenopod Oak- leaf goosefoot Sowbane, Sowbane, Maple- leaved goosefoot. Australian- spinach, nettle-leaf goosefoot Centrosema pubescens Benth. Centrosema (Brot.) A. ipecacuanha (Brot.) Cephaelis (Pers.) Chamaecrista rotundifolia (Pers.) Greene, Cassia rotundifoliaPers. syn. L. Chenopodium album Chenopodium foliosum Asch. Chenopodium foliosum Chenopodium glaucum L. Chenopodium hybridum L. Chenopodium murale L. Chenopodium murale 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 176 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Wild Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Genetic resource Cultivated Wild & Cultivated Wild Cultivated Cultivated Many partsMany of India Deccan Plateau Deccan All over plains of India and plains of India and All over foothills lower Many partsMany India of Many partsMany India of Konkan, northern W.Ghats northern Konkan, Southern W.Ghats Southern Many partsMany of India Khasia-Jaintia hills, Meghalaya hills, Khasia-Jaintia Peninsular India Peninsular Tropical India Tropical FO FO FO FO MP MP MP OR/ MAP MP/OR FO FO Rhodes Grass Rhodes Grass Rhodes Grass Rhodes Grass Safed musli Safed musli Musli Pyrethrum Pyrethrum Golden grass/beard Chikua Chikua

(Spreng.)Chiov. (Spreng.)Chiov. Chloris (L.) Nash barbata Rang. & Tad. & Chloris bournei Rang. Chloris Lag. dolichostachya Chloris gayana Kunth Chloris gayana Chlorophytum arundenaceum Baker Chlorophytum Chlorophytum borivillianum Chlorophytum Santapau & Fernandes Chorophytum malabaricumChorophytum Dalz Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium Bocc. Chrysanthemum coronopifolium Vill Chrysopogonfulvus montanus Trin. C. syn. Chrysopogon hamiltonii f.) Haines (Hook. 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 177 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Genetic resource Genetic Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Plains of India Plains of North western Himalayas, North Himalayas, western 3550 m 2700- between All over plains of India All over All over plains of India All over Darjling Himalayas & NilgirisDarjling Himalayas Eastern Himalayas, Andaman, Andaman, Eastern Himalayas, Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands Subtropical region Subtropical North Eastern India Western Ghats Ghats Western Southern Western Ghats Western Southern Southern Western Ghats Western Southern GL GL CC CC MP SP MP SP WR SP WR SP Chickpea WR Chickpea Chicory Chicory Cinchonna WR Cinnamon Camphor Tree WR Cinnamon Wild Wild Cinnamon WR Cinnamon WR Cinnamon

am) am) Cicer arietinum L. Royle Royle Cicer microphyllum Cichorium endivia L. Cichorium L. intybus Cinchona officinalis L. (Buch.-h Cinnamomum bejholgota Cinnamomum ex Nees obtusifolium Roxb. C. syn. camphorum (L.) Cinnamomum Nees & Eberm. Cinnamomum cacharensisCinnamomum Parker Cinnamomum heyneanum Nees Cinnamomum Hook.f. macrocarpumCinnamomum Hook.f. Cinnamomum malabatrum Cinnamomum (Burm.f.) & Presl Berchthold 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 178 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Genetic resource Genetic Bark used as Bark used cardiotonic Genetic resource Genetic Resource Cultivated Genetic resource Wild and Wild Cultivated Genetic resource Wild, stems Wild, contain a large quantity of potable water N.E.India and Andaman islands Andaman and N.E.India N.E. India- Khasi hills India- Khasi N.E. Western Ghats Western Wesern Ghats Wesern S. India and Himalayan zone India and Himalayan S. Southern W.Ghats Southern Western Ghats Western East Himalayas Eastern & Western Ghats, Ghats, Western Eastern & India N.E. Gangetic Plains, SP WR WR WR SP SP SP WR VE WR Cinnamon Wild Wild Cinnamon Wild Wild Cinnamon Wild Wild Cinnamon WR Cinnamon WR Cinnamon WR Cinnamon Wild Wild Cinnamon WR Grape

Nees obtusifolium Cinnamomum Nees pauciflorum Cinnamomum Cinnamomum perrottetiiCinnamomum Meissner Cinnamomum sulphuratum Nees sulphuratum Cinnamomum Cinnamomum tamala (Hamilt.) Cinnamomum Nees & Ebermaier Gamble travancoricum Cinnamomum Bl. & Presl. & Presl. Bl. verum Cinnamomum zeylanicum C. syn. H. Ohba Ohba H. yabunikkei Cinnamomum pedunculatum auct. syn Cinnamomum Vahl Cissus repanda Vahl Arn. & Wight syn.Vitis repanda (Vahl) 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 179 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild, leaves used as leaves Wild, vegetable Fallow land, land, Fallow hardy drought Cultivated Cultivated Indigenous; planted planted Indigenous; in kitchen gardens Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Eastern & Western Ghats, N.E. India, Andaman islands & Nicobar North-western plains. Warmer parts of India Warmer Many partsMany India of Southern slopes of Khasi hills- Shella Mostly in Central and Southern India Grown in Grown South and North-east India Punjab, Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh Naga hills, Nagaland Naga hills, Tura range, Meghalaya Meghalaya range, Tura VE FR FR VE FR FR FR FR WR FR WR Grape WR Bitter WR Bitter apple Water melon Water Round Gourd Ginger Citrus Lime,Kagzi Lime,Kagzi nimbu Sour Orange Kinnow Ichang Papeda Indian Wild Wild Indian Orange Lam. Lam. Cissus repens (Lam.) Vitis repens syn. Arn. & Wight Citrullus colocynthis Schrad. Citrullus Citrullus lanatus (Thunb) & Nakai Matsum. Citrullus fistulosus Duthie & Fuller Citrus assamensis Dutta & Bhattacharya Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.)Citrus aurantifolia Swingle Citrus aurantium L. Citrus aurantium Tenore Citrus deliciosa Tenore Citrus ichangensis Swingle Citrus indica Tanaka 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 180 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Indigenous; Indigenous; resource Genetic Indigenous; Indigenous; Genetic resource Semi-wild; Semi-wild; gene Potential for cold source resistance Cultivated Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Cultivated and Cultivated Naturalized Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Eastern part of Punjab near North- Uttarakhand, Pathankot, east India West Himalayas, Gangetic plains Gangetic Himalayas, West and North-east India Shillong plateau, Khasi & Garo Khasi & Garo Shillong plateau, 1800 m Upto Naga hills, hills, Many partsMany India of Many partsMany India of Shillong plateau - khasi hills Subtropical regions of India Subtropical Wild in West to Wild West East in Himalayas and North eastern in home grown in gardens many India and parts of India Lower Himalayas Lower FR FR FR FR FR FR FR FR FR Indian Rough lemon Karna Orange Khasi Papeda Sweet lime Sweet Lemon Melanesian Papeda Pomelo Turanj Amilbed Citrus jambhiri Lush Citrus karna Raf. Citrus latipes Tanaka Citrus limettioides Tanaka Citrus limettioides (L.) Burm. f. Citrus limon (L.) Burm. Montr. Montr. Citrus macroptera annamensis Tanaka var. Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. Citrus medica L. Citrus megaloxycarpa Lush. Citrus megaloxycarpa 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 181 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Planted Introduced Cultivated Cultivated Wild Wild Wild Naturalized Wild and Wild Cultivated and roots Leaves used in medicine Many partsMany of India Northern India Cultivated in Cultivated subtropical regions in Central, Northern and N.E. East Himalayas India, Many partsMany India of Arunachal Pradesh Tehri Garhwal in Uttarkhand Garhwal Tehri Jaisalmer, Jodhpur in Rajasthan western Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India Indo- gangetic plains, Ghats Western EasternGhats, FR/OR FR FR FR OR OR MP MP/OR VE MP Kumquat Grape fruit Mandarin, Mandarin, Mandarin orange, Swatow orange, Tangerine Sweet Orange Orchid Aparajit Ivy Gourd Ivy Gourd

(Blatt. & Hallb.) Bhandari & Hallb.) nana (Blatt. Citrus microcarpa Bunge Citrus paradisii Macf.Citrus paradisii Citrus reticulata Blanco Citrus reticulata Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck Cleisostoma tricallosum A.N.Rao Hegde & DC. Clematis connata DC. lanceolata Biswas var. L.Cleome gynandra var. Clitoria ternatea L. Wight & Arn. Arn. & Coccinia indica Wight (L.) Voigt grandis C. syn. Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 473 474 475 182 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated , wild , Cultivated Andaman & in islands Nicobar Cultivated Cultivated Wild Wild Marshy habitat Marshy lands, and low Cultivated Wild Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Cultivated Coastal zones of India, Andaman Andaman India, of zones Coastal islands & Nicobar Hills of south India Hills of south Cultivated in lower hills of south south of hills lower in Cultivated India North East India Low Low water bodies or jheels of Bengal Many parts of India in plains and plains in partsIndia of Many warm slops Garo, Khasia hills, Meghalaya. Khasia hills, Garo, Malabar region Eastern Ghats, Central Western Himalayas, Upto and 2500 m Malabar region CC CC CC FO FO PC/FO FO OR MP TC Coconut Coconut palm Coffee WR Congo coffee Wild Adlay Wild Wild Adlay Wild Job's tear Job's WR Job's WR Job's tears Coleus Pashanbedi Country potato Cocos nucifera L. Cocos nucifera Coffea arabica L. Coffea arabica Coffea robusta Linden Coffea robusta Coix agrestis Lour. Coix aquatica Roxb. L. Coix lacryma-jobi L. Coix lacryma-jobi L. ma-yuen (Romaner) Stapf var. ex Hook.f Coleus aromaticus Benth. amboinicus Lour. C. syn. Briq. Coleus forskholii Briq. barbatus Benth. C. syn. Coleus parviflorus (Benth.) tuberosus Benth. C. syn. 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 183 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Genetic resource In water logged logged In water humid tropical Cultivated belt, Wild and Wild Cultivated Genetic resource Genetic resource Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Hotter parts of Genetic India, resources Drought tolerant Drought Genetic type, resource Malabar regionMalabar Western Ghats Western Assam to Myanmar Sub-Himalayan Sub-Himalayan & region peninsular Many Many parts of India in marshy places Nepal to SC. China, Assam China, Nepal to SC. Assam Rajasthan Western Rajasthan Western Western peninsular tract. peninsular Western Deccan plateau MP MP TC TC TC Tubers MP MP FI FI Madagascar Madagascar potato Coleus Wild Taro Wild Taro Elephant ear yam Wild Taro Wild Wild Taro Wild WR Guggal Guggal WR Jute WR Jute

(Poir) A. A. (Poir) Coleus rotundifolius Perr. & Chev. Coleus zeylanicus Benth. Coleus zeylanicus Colocasia affinis Schott Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum var. Colocasia esculenta & Rehder (Schott) Hubbard Colocasia fallax Schott. Colocasia fallax Hook. f. Colocasia mannii Hook. Commiphora caudata Engl. Commiphora (Am.) Bhandari Bhandari wightii (Am.) Commiphora Lam. Corchorus acutangulus Lam. Raeuch. Corchorus antichorus Raeuch. 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 184 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild & semi-wild & semi-wild Wild forms in northeast, Cultivated Drought tolerant, tolerant, Drought Genetic resource Cultivated Genetic resource Hotter parts, Hotter parts, Genetic resource Hotter parts, Hotter parts, Genetic resource Genetic resource Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Introduced, Introduced, cultivated astern India, Assam. North-eastern India, Hotter parts peninsular region. of central and Tropical parts of India Tropical North East India Central Peninsular Indian region Central Peninsular Upper Gangetic plains to Nilgirito plains Gangetic Upper hills. Western Peninsular Indian Peninsular Western region Northwest and Central plains Northwest North-westernCentral and plains Gujrat and Deccan FI FI FI FI FI FI FI FR FR AF White jute WR Jute Jute WR Jute WR Jute WR Jute WR Jute Gondri Indian Cherry Indian Cherry L. Corchorus caspsularis L. Corchorus fascicularis Lam. L. Corchorus olitorius L. Corchorus pseudo-olitorius Islam & Zaid Corchorus tridens L. Corchorus trilocularis L. Corchorus urticaefolius Lam. (Forsk.) Ehrenb. (Forsk.) Ehrenb. gharaf Cordia Asch. ex Roxb. Roxb. myxa Cordia dichotomaForst. C. syn. Willd. Willd. obliqua Cordia Don wallichii G. C. syn. 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 185 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Genetic resource Genetic Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Wild Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild Wild North-western and central plains Throughout India Throughout Khasia hills, Meghalaya. Khasia hills, Hilly areas Western Himalayas Western Eastern Himalayas Garhwal Garhwal Himalayas up to 2100- 2300 m Cold regions Tropical India Tropical Northern W. Ghats W. Northern Northern W. Ghats W. Northern FR SP OR NUT MP MP FR OS MP/ OR OR OR Indian Cherry Coriander Orchid Bhutia badam Bhutia badam Himalayan Himalayan hazel Hazelnut Mustard Mustard Abyssinian Barna Lily Lily Roem. & Schult. rothii Roem. Cordia Coriandrumsativum L. Joseph et Yog Corybas et purpureus Joseph Corylus L. avellana Corylus colurna L. Wall. Wall. Corylus ferox Corylus jacquemontii Decne. Crambe abyssinica R.E.Fr. abyssinica Crambe Crataeva nurvala Buch nurvala Crataeva religiosa C. syn. Thom.) & f. (Hook. Crinum Herbert brachynema Crinum Blatter & elenorae McCann 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 186 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild Cultivated Cultivated in Cultivated also Gardens; medicinal Wild Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Wild and Wild Cultivated Genetic resource Widely distributedWidely in warmer regions Genetic resource Northern W. Ghats W. Northern Kashmir valley Kashmir Subtropical India Subtropical Arid and Semi-arid regions in and central India North-west Malabar region Malabar region Malabar region Many partsMany of India Srisilam, Southern E.Ghats Srisilam, Many Many parts of frequent India; in coastal areas Dry districts of Deccan OR SP OR FI FI FI FI FI FI FI FI Lily Saffron Crossandra WR Sunnhemp WR Sunnhemp WR Sunnhemp WR Sunnhemp Sunnhemp WR Sunnhemp WR Sunnhemp WR Sunnhemp Crinum Blaker woodrowii Crocus sativus L. Crocus sativus Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Nees Crossandra Crotalaria Benth. burhia Crotalaria clarkei Gamble Crotalaria digitata Hook. Wight & Arn. & Crotalaria Wight grahamima Crotalaria juncea L. Wight & Arn. Crotalaria & madurensis Wight Crotalaria retusa L. Crotalaria rigida ex Roth Heyne 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 187 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Yields fibre similar fibre Yields to Sunnhemp Wild useful Cake Wild; as manure Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Wild, cold adapted Wild, Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Wild & Cultivated Wild Many Many parts of India, including Andaman and Nicobar Islands; Pradesh Andhra in introduced Southern endemic western Ghats, Eastern Ghats Throughout tropical India tropical Throughout Introduction Tropical India Tropical Semi-arid regions of north-west, Semi-arid regions of north-west, central India and east and west coasts Western Western Himalayas, plains Gangetic North eastern hills & plains Throughout India Throughout FI MP MP FR MP/OR VE VE VE VE FR WR Sunnhemp Malabar Croton Karanta Palay Palay rubbervine West Indian West gherkin Muskmelon WR Cucumber WR Cucumber Musk melon Crotalaria striata DC. Croton malabaricus Bedd. Croton scabiosus Bedd. Cryptolepis buchananii & Schult. Roem. Cryptostegia grandiflora Cryptostegia grandiflora Br. R. Br.) ex R. (Roxb. L. var. anguria var. Cucumis anguria L. Cogn., Cucumis callosus Cogn., trigonusRoxb. C. syn. Cucumis hardwickii Royle Cucumis hardwickii Cucumis hystrix Chak. L. Cucumis melo L. 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 188 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Wild; Genetic Genetic Wild; resource Ripe fruits edible Genetic resource Genetic resource Cultivated Genetic resource Genetic resource Cultivated Cultivated Throughout India Throughout Throughout India Throughout Throughout India Throughout Indus plains, plains, Rajasthan North-western and belt adjoing Waste Waste lands in the central and eastern coastal districts of Tamil Andhra Pradesh Nadu and Northern Western Plains Konkan Ghats & Many partsMany of India Northern W.Ghats Northern Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India FR VE FR VE WR/VE VE VE VE VE VE Melon Snapmelon Cucumber WR melo Wild Wild Cucumber WR Cucumber Cucumber WR Cucumber Squash Crook- necked Winter Winter Squash L. var. agrestis Naud. var. melo L. Cucumis L. melo L. Cucumis Fuller Duthie & momordica var. utilissimus var. melo L. Cucumis Duthie & Fuller Cucumis prophetarum L. Cucumis prophetarum Cucumis pubescens Willd. Cucumis pubescens Cucumis ritchiei Jeffrey (Chkar.) Cucumis sativus L. Cucumis setosus Cogn. Cucurbita moschata (Duch.)Poir. Cucurbita maxima Duchesne 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 189 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Cultivated Occur as under in forests, growth Cultivated Genetic resource Genetic resource Wild in disturbed Wild cultivated forests, Genetic resource Genetic resource

Many partsMany of India Warmer regions of North West, Warmer regions of North West, India Central and South Many partsMany India of Many partsMany India of Indo-China to W. Malesia; N.E. India N.E. North East India Western Western Bengal north-eastern tract. and Assam, Uttarakhand to Assam, China Indo- C & E. Himalayas to Sri Lanka Himalayas C & E. VE MP SP SP SP SP SP/MP WR SP/WR Summer Summer Squash (pumpkin) Babchi Cumin, Zira Cumin, Turmeric WR Turmeric WR Turmeric WR Turmeric/ Mango Ginger East Indian , arrowroot tikor tikur, Wild Wild turmeric, yellow zedoary Cucurbita pepo L. Cucurbita (L.)Medik. Cullen corylifolium (L.)Medik. corylifolia L. Psoralea syn. Cuminum cyminum L. Cuminum cyminum Curcuma longa L. domestica Valet. C. syn. Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. Curcuma aeruginosa Curcuma amarissima Rosc. Curcuma amada Roxb. Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. Curcuma aromatica Salisb. 549 550 551 552 554 555 556 557 558 190 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild & Cultivated Wild Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Eastern India Kannur in Kerala, Southern in Kerala, Kannur W.Ghats. Assam to Thailand Assam to Southern W. Ghats W. Southern S. India S. Southern W.Ghats Southern Gangetic plains Southrn W. Ghats W. Southrn S. India S. Southren W.Ghats Southren SP/WR SP/WR SP/WR SP/WR SP/WR SP/WR SP/MP SP/WR SP/WR SP/WR WR Turmeric WR Turmeric WR Turmeric WR Turmeric WR Turmeric WR Turmeric WR Turmeric WR Turmeric WR Turmeric WR Turmeric Curcuma caesia Roxb. Curcuma Curcuma cannanorensis Curcuma R.Ansari et al. Curcuma comosa Roxb. Curcuma coriacea Mangaly & M.Sabu Curcuma decipiens Dalzell Curcuma decipiens Sivar. & Balach. Sivar. Curcuma ecalcarata Curcuma ferrugenea Roxb. Curcuma harita Mangaly & Sabu Curcuma inodora Blatt. Curcuma inodora Curcuma karnatakensis & Mural. Velay. Amalraj, 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 191 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Southern W.Ghats Southern N. India to Bangladesh N. Gangetic plains E. Himalaya to Assam to Himalaya E. W. & S. India, Indo-China India, & S. W. Southern W.Ghats Southern S. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar Sri Lanka, India, S. S. India S. Konkan, Northern W.Ghats Northern Konkan, SP/WR SP/WR SP/WR SP/WR SP/WR SP/WR SP/WR SP/WR SP/MP/ WR WR Turmeric WR Turmeric WR Turmeric WR Turmeric WR Turmeric WR Turmeric WR Turmeric WR Turmeric WR Turmeric Curcuma kudagensis Curcuma Amalraj Pillai & S. V. Velay., Curcuma latifolia Roscoe Curcuma Curcuma leucorhiza Roxb. Curcuma leucorhiza Curcuma montana Roxb. Curcuma montana Curcuma neilgherrensis Wight Curcuma nilamburensis Curcuma nilamburensis Amalraj, Mural., , Velay. & S.Mandal P.L.Gautam Trimen Curcuma oligantha Trimen syn Curcuma lutea & N.C.Nair) V.J.Nair (R.Ansari, & Mural. Velay. Amalraj, J. Graham Curcuma pseudomontana J. Curcuma purpurea Blatter 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 192 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Cultivated Cultivated Wild/ Listed on Wild/ Cites Cultivated SW. India SW. Western Ghats Western NE. India to Myanmar NE. Western Ghats Western Southern W.Ghats Southern Southern W.Ghats Southern Southern Peninsular India Southern Peninsular Many partsMany of India Eastern Ghats Eastern Ghats in gardens Cultivated N W Himalayas N SP/WR SP/WR SP/WR SP/WR SP/WR SP/WR SP/MP/ WR GL/FO OR VE WR Turmeric WR Turmeric WR Turmeric WR Turmeric WR Turmeric WR Turmeric WR Turmeric Cluster Bean Cycas Meello Karela Mangaly & Sabu Mangaly raktakanta Curcuma Curcuma reclinataCurcuma Roxb. Curcuma rubescens Roxb. Curcuma rubescens Curcuma sulcata Haines. Curcuma thalakaveriensis Amalraj & Mural. Velay., Curcuma vamana Curcuma vamana & Mangaly M.Sabu Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe (L.) Taub. (L.) tetragonolobus Cyamopsis Hort. ex ex Hort. Cycas beddomei Hook.f. Cyclanthera pedata Schrad 578 579 580 581 583 584 585 586 587 588 193 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Wild; Genetic Genetic Wild; resource Wild; Genetic Genetic Wild; resource Wild & Cultivated Wild Cultivated Wild Wild Cultivated Introduced & Introduced Cultivated Temperate Himalaya Region Himalaya Temperate Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, Western Himalayas Sikkim Himalayas Eastern Himalayas Sikkim Himalayas Sikkim Himalayas Throughout India Throughout North East India Meghalaya (Khasia- Jaintia- Garo Garo Jaintia- (Khasia- Meghalaya hills) Southern W. Ghats W. Southern Temperate region of North Temperate India FR OR OR OR OR OR MP MP MP MP MP Bihi Orchid Orchid Orchid Orchid Orchid Lemon grass WR Lemon grass Lemon grass Lemon grass Artichoke (Steud.) Wats. (Steud.) Mill. Mill. oblonga Cydonia Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. Cymbidium Cymbidium gammieanum Cymbidium King & Pantl (Roxb.) (Roxb.) Cymbidium pendulum & Lindl. Sw. Cymbidium sikkimense Hook.f Cymbidium sikkimense Cymbidium whiteae King & Pantl Cymbidium whiteae Cymbopogon flexuosus flexuosus Cymbopogon (Jones) (Jones) Cymbopogon jwarancusa K.Gupta assamensis B. var. Schult. Cymbopogon khasianus (Hack.) Stapf ex Bor (Roxb.) Wats. Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Cynara scolymus L. scolymus Cynara 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 194 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild Wild Naturalized of Europe, Native Naturalized Wild Throughout India Throughout Kaithiawar Dwarka, Peninsular India Peninsular Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, West West Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Bengal (Darjeeling) Throughout Throughout the plains of India the in ft. 5,000 to up ascends and hiils FO FO MP FO grass Bermuda grass Dharba WR Grape Dactylis, Dactylis, barnyard grass, cocksfoot, cockspur, grass orchard coast button coast button comb grass, fringe grass, crowfoot duck grass, grass, Durban crowfoot, finger comb makri grass,

Cynodon dactylon Pers. Cynodon Cyperus dwarkensis dwarkensis Cyperus Naithani Sahni & Alston (Roxb.) Cyphostemma setosum Wall (Roxb.) Vitis setosa syn. Arn. & Wt. ex Dactylis glomerata L. Dactylis glomerata (L.) Dactyloctenium aegyptium Willd. 600 601 602 603 604 195 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Antiarthritic activity Insecticidal Wild and Wild Cultivated Afforestation of Afforestation lands waste Wood used for fuel Wood Cultivated Introduced, Introduced, and Cultivated Naturalized Introduced, Introduced, and Cultivated Naturalized cultivated of Europe, Native cultivated Many Many parts of India, Andaman Islands Throughout India Throughout Many partsMany India except of N.E.India Tropical India Tropical Manipur Throughout India Throughout Throughout India Throughout Native Native of Madagascar; Widely cultivated/naturalized in Warm humid and sub-humid India throughout zones Many parts of India partsMany of India MP AF AF AF AF VE AF AF OR WR Rose WR Rose Wood WR Rose WR Rose Wood Indian Rose wood Shisham WR Rose Wood Carrot Flame Tree Flame Flame Tree Flame Rocket Rocket Larkspur, paniculata Roxb. Dalbergia volubills Roxb. volubills Dalbergia L.f. lanceolariaDalbergia L.f. Thoth. (Roxb.) paniculata subsp. D. syn. Roxb. Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. ex DC. Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. C.B.Clarke C.B.Clarke Dalbergia wattii Daucus carota L. Delonix elata (L.) Gamble Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. L. Delphinium ajacis L. 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 196 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Introduced Introduced to Coorg House (Karnataka), construction and and to basketry, handicrafts make North West Himalayas West North Northern W. Ghats W. Northern Assam Himalayan region Himalayan Western Ghats and Central India Central and Ghats Western Western Ghats Western Himalayan region Himalayan Western Ghats Western Western Ghats Western Sikkim Himalayas Tropical forests, Manipur, Manipur, forests, Tropical Andaman & Nicobar islands OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR Kashmir Kashmir Larkspur Malabar Larkspur Orchid Orchid Orchid Orchid Orchid Orchid Orchid Orchid Bamboo King & Pantl & King Delphinium cashmerianumDelphinium Royle Delphinium malabaricumDelphinium Munz. (Huth.) Billore ghaticum var. Dendrobium aurantiacum Reichb.f Dendrobium aurantiacum Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. Dendrobium herbaceum Lindl. Dendrobium herbaceum Dendrobium lawianum Lindl. Dendrobium lawianum Dendrobium lituiflorum Lindl. Dendrobium lituiflorum Dendrobium microbulbon A.Rich. Dendrobium microbulbon Dendrobium ovatum (L.) Kraenzl Dendrobium ovatum Dendrobum pauciflorum Dendrobum Dendrocalamus brandisii brandisii Dendrocalamus Kurz (Munro) 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 197 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Used for Used for construction purposes and to masts boat make Used for construction purposes and to boat masts make Shoot edible, Shoot edible, and for roofing construction purposes. Cultivated Cultivated Wild Wild Cultivated, Cultivated, antibacterial Wild; Used as Wild; in an antipyretic intermittent fever NorthIndia East North East India, West Bengal and Bihar. North East India and Himachal Pradesh Sub tropical humid region Sub tropical Sub tropical humid region Sub tropical Sikkim Himalayas West and East Himalayas West Many partsMany of India Western Himalayas Western CC AF CC CC FO FO FO FO MP Giant bamboo Bamboo Bamboo Iron Iron bamboo Hedge leceia Desmodium Desmodium Creeping Creeping grass Carnation Kurz. Kurz. calostachys Dendrocalamus Dendrocalamus giganteus Clump. Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Dendrocalamus ex Murno Arn. Nees and Dendrocalamus strictusDendrocalamus Nees. Desmanthus virgatus Willd. C.B.Clarke Desmodium kulhaitense C.B.Clarke Desmodium triquetrum (L.) DC. (L.) Stapf. bipinnata (L.) Stapf. Desmostachya Dianthus anatolicus Boiss. 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 198 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild Wild Wild Cultivated Cultivated Wild Cultivated Cultivated Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild and Wild Genetic Cultivated; resource Weedy type Weedy Genetic resources Alpine regions, Jammu & Jammu Alpine regions, Kashmir Alpine regions, Alpine regions, & Kashmir Jammu Temperate region Temperate Many partsMany India of Many partsMany India of Plains (Malwa Plateau and Plains (Malwa Central Highlands) Throughout the plains of India Throughout Hilly regions, above 1800- 2630 above Hilly regions, m Many partsMany of India Eastern Himalayas, northeast Eastern Himalayas, hills Western Himalayas Western Bijapur in Deccan OR OR OR FO FO FO VE MP FO FO FO FO Carnation Carnation Carnation Marvel grassMarvel Marvel grassMarvel Marvel grassMarvel Latmhuria Fox glove Fox Digitaria Digitaria Digitaria Digitaria Dianthus cachemiricusDianthus Edgew. Dianthus jacquemontii Edgew. Dianthus Link Dianthus sinensis Dichanthium annulatum Stapf Dichanthium caricosum A.Camus Dichanthium tuberculatum (Hack.) Digera muricata (L.) Mart.Digera Digitalis purpuria L. Digitaria adscendens Kunth Digitaria cruciata Nees Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) (Koenig) Scop. Scop. Digitaria tomentosa (Koenig) Henr. 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 199 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild & Cultivated, & Cultivated, Wild Minor fruits Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Cultivated Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Cultivated Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Tropical and Tropical subtropical regions of Ghats, India, N.E.region, W. Gangetic and India Central plains, Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, U.P., Meghalaya, Orissa, Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Nadu, Andhra Tamil Karnataka, Pradesh, Kerala Western Himalayas also in eastern in also Himalayas Western and north-eastern region. Western, Western, Eastern North East India Himalayas, Western and Eastern Himalayas. Western Eastern Himalayas Western Himalayas, Eastern Himalayas, Western Himalayas Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India Himalaya to Malaya Himalaya AF TC TC TC TC TC TC MP Tubers Tanga Phal, Phal, Tanga dillenia, elephant- apple Yam Yam Yam Yam Yam Yam Yam Yam

Dillinea indica L. Dillinea indica Dioscorea alata L. Voigt ex Haines, ex Haines, Voigt Dioscorea belophylla Roxb. glabra syn D. L. L. Dioscorea bulbifera Thunb. Dioscorea sativa syn. Hook.f. Dioscorea decipiens Hook.f. Wall. ex Griseb Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. (Lour.) Burk. Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Dioscorea floribunda Martens & Galeotti M. Dioscorea glabra Roxb. Dioscorea glabra 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 200 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Cultivated Wild & Cultivated, & Cultivated, Wild Genetic resources Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild; Genetic Wild; Tuberous resource; climber Used as fish poison Eastern eastern Region Himalayas, North- Western Himalayas, Eastern Himalayas, Western upto 1200 m Himalayas, Peninsular India, Sri Lanka India, Peninsular Eastern Himalayas Gangetic plains Western Western Himalayas, Himalayas Eastern Eastern eastern Region Himalayas, North- S. India, S. Sri Lanka, E. Himalaya to Myanmar Eastern Himalayas, Eastern Himalayas, Upto 1800 m Eastern Himalayas, North-east Region TC MP Tubers TC TC TC TC TC TC TC Yam Asiatic bitter Asiatic bitter Yam Yam Japanese Yam Yam Yam Yam Yam Yam Yam Hook. f. hamiltonii Hook. Dioscorea Dioscorea hispida Dennst Dioscorea Roxb. daemona D. syn. Dioscorea intermedia Thw. Dioscorea japonica Thunb. Dioscorea japonica Dioscorea kalkapershadii Dioscorea kalkapershadii Prain & Burkill. Kunth. Kunth. Dioscorea kumaonensis Dioscorea lepcharum Prain & Burkill. Dioscorea oppositifolia L. L. L. Dioscorea pentaphylla Dioscorea prazeri Prain & Burkill Dioscorea prazeri clarkei Prain & Burkill D. syn. 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 201 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Cultivated Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Eastern Himalayas, North-east Ghats Western Region, Bangladesh, Assam Assam (NE India) to Bangladesh, Sumatra S. S. India, Sri Lanka, N.E.India, Bangladesh India to Bangladesh, Sri Lanka India to Bangladesh, Assam to NW. Myanmar Assam to NW. S. Andaman Islands S. India to China (W. Yunnan) Yunnan) India to China (W. Malaysia and Pen. Eastern Himalayas Eastern Ghats North East Indian zone Southern Western Ghats Western Southern TC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC FR FR Yam Yam Yam Yam Yam Yam Yam Yam Yam Persimmon WR Persimmon Blume. pubera Dioscorea Roxb. anguina syn D. Dioscorea scrotechniiDioscorea Prain & Burkill Dioscorea spicata Roth Koenig Koenig Dioscorea tomentosa ex Spreng. Dioscorea trinervia Roxb. ex Prain & Burkill Dioscorea vexans Prain & Burkill Dioscorea vexans Hook. f. Dioscorea wallichii Hook. Dioscorea wattii Prain & Burkill Dioscorea wattii Hook. f. Dioscorea wightii Hook. L. f. kaki L. Diospyros Diospyros nilagiricaDiospyros Bedd. 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 202 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Grafted trees retain retain trees Grafted for production Genetic centuries; resource Wild; Genetic Genetic Wild; resource Cultivated Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Timber Timber Malabar regionMalabar North-eastern hills Peninsular region Peninsular Peninsular region Peninsular Southern Western Ghats Western Southern Peninsular region Peninsular Peninsular region Peninsular Southern Western Ghats Western Southern Assam FR FR FR FR FR FR FR AF AF WR Persimmon WR Persimmon WR Persimmon Persimmon WR Persimmon WR Persimmon WR Persimmon Dipterocarp Dipterocarp Diospyros bourdillonii Brand. bourdillonii Diospyros Diospyros lotus L. Diospyros Kostel. malabaricaDiospyros Kostel. (Hochr.) siamensis var. Phengklai C. peregrina Gaertn. D. syn. Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. melanoxylon Diospyros Diospyros pruriensDiospyros Dalz. Diospyros sylvatica Roxb. sylvatica Diospyros Diospyros tomentosa Roxb. Diospyros DipterocarpusBedd. indicus Dipterocarpus manii King ex Kanjilal et al. 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 203 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild, minor fruits Wild, Wild, Minor fruits Wild, Wild; Genetic Genetic Wild; resource Introduction Wild & Cultivated Wild Cultivated Source of an Source used as essential oil, anthelmintic North-eastern hills North-eastern hills Konkan hills Konkan Recent Introduction Throughout Throughout the temperate and Punjab from Himalayas, subtropic to Assam, Khasi hills, W.Ghats, Nilgiris hills and Palni Lower Lower elevation of Nilgiris and Coast West Western Himalayas Western FR FR VE FR FR FR MP Indian crab Indian crab apple Indian crab Indian crab apple Lablab bean Lablab Ceylon Ceylon gooseberry False strawberry, Indian- strawberry, mock strawberry Durian Mexican Tea Mexican Docynia hookerianaDocynia Decne. Docynia indica Decne. Docynia Dolichos bracteatus Baker. Dolichos bracteatus Dovyalis hebecarpa (Gardner) Dovyalis Warb. (Andrews) Focke Focke Duchesnea indica (Andrews) syn Fragaria indica Andrews Durio zibethinus L. Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) & Clemantis Mosyakin syn Chenopodium ambrosioides L. 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 204 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Yields essential oil, essential oil, Yields catarrhused for and humoral and asthama anthelmintic Wild Widespread in low in low Widespread Cultivated lands, Cultivated Genetic resource Western Himalayas Western Throughout India Throughout Eastern peninsular tract, Bengal plains and north-eastern region Assam valley particularly Many partsMany of India Peninsular Peninsular India, North Eastern India MP ML ML ML wnless Feather- Feather- geranium, Jerusalem- oak, Jerusalem- oak goosefoot a barnyard corn grass, panic grass, Deccan jungle grass, ricegrass, jungle-rice, millet-rice, shama millet WR Barnyard millet Barnyard Barnyard millet WR Barnyard millet Dysphania botrysDysphania (L.) & Clemants Mosyakin botryssyn Chenopodium L. Echinochloa colona (L.) Link Echinochloa L. crus-galli (Link) syn.f syn.f Echinochloa(Link) frumentacea frumentaceum Roxb. Panicum Echinochloa (Retz.) stagnina Beauv. P. staninum Retz. Panicum syn. 692 693 694 695 696 205 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Weed in wet wet in Weed places swamp Introduced and Introduced cultivated Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild, also Wild, cultivated elsewhere Wild & Cultivated Wild Many partsMany of India West West coasts, Andhra Pradesh & Andamans Western Western Himalayas, 1800- 2000 m. Between Northeastern hills plains & Assam Southern Western ghat Western Southern Moist deciduous evergreen forests ; West Bengal & (Darjeeling), semi- Manipur Meghalaya, In Shola Tamil forests m; 2500 and 2000 between of W. Ghats Kerala Nadu, Moist evergreen forests between 1500 and 2000 m; West Bihar, Bengal (Darjeeling), Arunachal Sikkim, Nagaland, Pradesh, Maharashtra Assam, Manipur and Malabar region MP FR FR AF AF AF AF AF SP Eclipta, Eclipta, de tajo yerba African oil palm Eleaegnus WR Rudraksh WR Rudraksh WR Rudraksh WR Rudraksh Wooden Wooden begger The bead, Utrasum bead tree Cardamom Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Eclipta prostrata Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Elaeis guineensis Elaeocarpus angustifolia L. Elaeocarpus floribundus Blume (Wight) Mast. Elaeocarpus (Wight) munronii Elaeocarpus prunifolius Muell.) Mast (C. Elaeocarpus Corner recurvatus Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) Schumann K. Elettaria cardamomum Maton Elettaria cardamomum 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 206 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Drought tolerant Drought Cultivated Cultivated Plains & hills Genetic (robust); resource Wild Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Wild; Genetic Wild; Resource Wild; Genetic Wild; Resource North-western arid tracts Sub-Himalayan tract & semi-arid & tract Sub-Himalayan plains Sub-Himalayan tract & semi-arid & tract Sub-Himalayan plains Many partsMany India of Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, West West Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Bengal (Darjeeling) Nilgiris hills NE India & Peninsular India NE India & Peninsular Temperate North West West North Temperate Himalayas ML ML FO ML CE/ML MP MP MP WR Finger WR Finger millet African millet finger Finger millet WR Finger millet WR Elymus WR Vidanga WR Vidanga Ephedra (Forssk.) Asch. Asch. compressa (Forssk.) Eleusine Chr. C. ex & Schweinf. (L.) Gaertn. coracana Eleusine O' Byrne) africana(Kenn.- subsp. Wet Hilu & de (L.)Gaertn. (L.)Gaertn. Eleusine coracana coracana subsp. Eleusine indica (Linn.) Gaertn dahuricus Turcz. Elymus (Turcz. excelsus subsp. ex Griseb. Tzvelev ex Griseb.) tangutorum Elymus syn: Hand.-Mazz. (Nevski) Embelia gardeneriana Wight Embelia ribes Burm.f Wall. ex Stap f. Wall. gerardiana Ephedra 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 207 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Throughout India Throughout Deccan, endemic Deccan, Throughout India Throughout Bihar, Manipur, Meghalaya, Meghalaya, Manipur, Bihar, Bengal West Nadu, Tamil Punjab, Throughout India Throughout Throughout the plains in India Throughout Himachal Bengal West Pradesh, Nadu, Tamil Manipur, FO FO FO FO FO FO FO Eragrostis, Eragrostis, love Gray Stink grass, grass Deccan grass Love Eragrostis Slimflower Slimflower grass love Hairy love Hairy love India grass, grass, love Indian love grass Bug's egg grass, love Japanese grass Rhoul love Rhoul love grass (All.) Vignola (All.) cilianensis Eragrostis F.T.Hubb. -Lutati ex Eragrostis deccanensis Bor. Eragrostis (Thunb.)Trin japonica (Thunb.)Trin Eragrostis diarrhena Eragrostis (Schult.) syn. Steud. (Roxb.) Steud. gangetica (Roxb.) Eragrostis (L.) P. Beauv. pilosa (L.) P. Eragrostis (L.) P. Beauv. Beauv. tenella (L.) P. Eragrostis & Schult. ex Roem. Hochst. Hochst. tremula Eragrostis ex Steud. 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 208 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Green manure Green Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Throughout Throughout the plains in India, places in wet especially Southern Western Ghats Western Southern Western Himalayas Himalayas Western Western Himalayas Western Western Himalayas Himalayas Western N.W.Himalayas Andaman islands Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Nicobar islands Western Ghats Western Western Ghats Western FO FO CE/ML CE/ML CE/ML OR OR OR OR OR OR OR Eragrostis, Eragrostis, love Chinese grass Eragrostis WR WR WR Foxtail lily Foxtail Orchid Orchid Orchid Orchid Orchid Orchid Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) unioloides Eragrostis Steud. Nees ex (Retz.) Nees (Retz.) Nees unioloides Eragrostis Jacob tremela var. ex Steud. Eremopyrum bonaepartis Eremopyrum Nevski (Spreng.) Eremopyrum distans Eremopyrum Nevski Koch) (K. Eremopyrum orientaleEremopyrum (L.) & Spach Jaub. Baker himalaicus Baker Eremurus Hook.f. Eria andamanica Hook.f. Joseph et al. Eria connata Joseph Eria jengingensis Hegde Balakr. & N.G.Nair & N.G.Nair Eria nicobarica Balakr. Eria reticosa Wolfe. Manilal, Sathis Kumar Sathis Kumar Eria tiagii Manilal, Wood et 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 209 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild; Genetic Wild; Resource Genetic Resource Genetic Genetic Resource Genetic Genetic Resource Genetic Resource Cultivated Cultivated Naturalized, Leaves Leaves Naturalized, pickled in Sikkim Introduced Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Eastern Himalayas, Sikkim Eastern Himalayas, North-eastern Region North-eastern Region Eastern Himalayas, Sikkim, Uttar Sikkim, EasternHimalayas, Pradesh Eastern Himalayas hroughout India throughout Sub Himalayan and plains Gangetic Eastern Himalayas, N.E. India, S.India Karnataka Gangetic plains India and Central Many partsMany of India FR FR AF FR FR FO OS MP FO AF/OR AF/MP WR Loquat WR WR Loquat WR WR Loquat WR WR Loquat WR WR Loquat WR Loquat Taramira false coriander, shadow- beni, stinkweed Mountain Immortelle WR Coral tree Indian coral tree Hook. f. Eriobotrya petiolata Hook. Hook.f. Eriobotrya Hook.f. angustissima Hook. f. Eriobotrya Hook. benghalensis Eriobotrya (Lindl.) Decne. dubia Eriobotrya hookeriana Decne. (Thunb.) Lindl. Eriobotrya (Thunb.) japonica Mill. Eruca sativa Eryngium foetidum L. (Walp.) Erythrina (Walp.) poeppigiana Cook O.F. Erythrina Roxb. resupinata Erythrina L. variegata 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 210 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Introduction Introduction Fodder Timber Timber Minor fruits Green manure Green Wild and Wild Cultivated In forest clearingIn forest as under growth Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Kashmir to Khasi hills, Sikkim, Cultivated Cultivated Plains of North tracks mountain India, sub- Sub-mountain tracks of India Sub-mountain Introduced Assam Garo-Khasia-Jaintia Hills Garo-Khasia-Jaintia Western Ghats, Upto 1200 m Ghats, Western Western Ghats Western Fresh water bodies from Kashmir from bodies water Fresh to Gangetic plains Temperate Temperate Himalayas, Kashmir to Kumaon. Himalayas Himalayan zone Himalayan Himalayan zone, at altitude 1000- altitude at zone, Himalayan 3000 m AF AF FO AF AF FR MP NUT PC PC/WR PC FR Eucalyptus Eucalyptus Makchari Spindle tree Spindle tree Longan, Longan, Ashphal Baunra Fox nut Fox Buckwheat Buck wheat Buckwheat Buckwheat Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. Eucalyptus Eucalyptus globulus Labill globulus Eucalyptus Euchlaena mexicana Schrad. Euonymus assamicus Blakelock Euonymus CI. & Pr lawsonii CI. Euonymus (Lour.) Steud. Euphoria longan (Lour.) Eurya japonica Thumb. Eurya Euryale ferox Salisb. ferox Euryale (Trevir.) Meisn. cymosum (Trevir.) Fagopyrum Fagopyrum emarginatum Moench Fagopyrum Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. Fagopyrum Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.Fagopyrum 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 211 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Pot-herb Pot- herb Pot- Cultivated Wild Wild Wild Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Wild Temperate West Himalayas West Temperate Kerala, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal Jodhpur-Bikaner Jodhpur-Bikaner arid Thar desert region- North- Western parts of India Western North- Kashmir Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Uttar Pradesh Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir Jammu North Western Himalaya Himachal Pradesh in Temperate Temperate Himalyas North West Outer Himalayas Khasi from Assam, Bhutan, Punjab to eastwards Orissa Chota Nagpur, hills, OR/FO AF/FO VE VE FO WR WR WR FO FR Common Common beech Moluccana Moluccana albizia Farid buti Asafoetida WR Asafoetida Hing, Hing, asafoetida WR Asafoetida Red fescue Roxburgh Roxburgh fig L. subsp. sylvatica subsp. L. sylvatica Fagus Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) W Grimes, Barneby & J Albizia falcataria (L.) Fosberg syn. Farsetia hamiltonii Royle Farsetia jacquemontii Farsetia Thomson & f. Hook. Ferula asafoetida L. Ferula jaeschkeana Vatke Ferula narthex Boiss. Ferula wolffii Korovin L. subsp. rubra subsp. L. Festuca rubra Ficus auriculata Lour. 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 212 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild & Cultivated Wild Cultivated Cultivated, Grown Grown Cultivated, in Gardens Wild Wild Wild Relative of Ficus Relative carica L. Wild, Multiple uses Wild, Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India Many partsMany India of Many partsMany India of Many partsMany India of Many partsMany India of Sub-Himalayan Sub-Himalayan tract, Western Himalaya Tropical and subtropical India and subtropical Tropical Many partsMany of India Upper Gangetic plains Andaman and Nicobar Islands Tropical India Tropical FR FR FR FO FO FO FR MP/FO FR FO FO FR Banyan Common Common fig Indian rubber Wild Fig Wild Wild Fig Wild Wild Fig Wild Wild Fig Wild Cluster fig Pipal Wild Fig Wild Red-stem fig Paker

L. Ficus benghalensis Ficus carica L. Roxb. ex Hornem. ex Ficus elastica Roxb. Vahl. Vahl. Ficus exasperata Ficus hookeri Sweet nemoralis var. Ficus neerifolia Sm. ex Miq.) Corner (Wall. Ficus palmata Forssk. L. L. Ficus racemosa Ficus religiosa L. Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. Buch.-Ham. Ficus semicordata Ficus variegata Blume Ficus variegata (Burm. f.) Merr., Flacourtia indica (Burm. sepiaria Roxb. F. syn. 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 213 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Wild Wild Cultivated Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Wild Wild Wild Tropical India Tropical Most parts India of Assam, Himachal Assam, J& Pradesh, K, Tamil Sikkim, Punjab, Meghalaya, Nadu Arid & Semi arid zone Eastern Himalayas Western Ghats & Eastern Western Himalayas Eastern Himalayas Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh Kashmir to Kumaon, N.W. N.W. Kashmir to Kumaon, Himalayas. Easternnorth-eastern and India FR MP/TC MP/TC FR FR FR FR MP MP FR Paniala Bhalia Salpan Fennel WR Strawberry WR Strawberry WR Strawberry Himalayan Himalayan manna ash Afghan ash WR Mangosteen (Lour.) Flacourtia (Lour.) jangomas Raeusch. (L.) Aiton f. Aiton f. (L.) strobilifera Flemingia Wight bracteata Flemingia syn. Flemingia procumbens Roxb. Flemingia procumbens Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Foeniculum vulgare Gay Fragaria Gay daltoniana Schltdl. Fragaria nilgerrensis Schltdl. ex Gay Fragaria vesca L. Fragaria vesca Fraxinus floribunda Wall. Fraxinus (G. Don) (G. xanthoxyloides Fraxinus ex DC. Wall Garcenia atroviridis Griff. Anderson T. ex 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 214 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild and Wild Cultivated Large edible fruit, fruit, Large edible for substitute lemon in khasi hills Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Rind of fruit used as condiment Genetic resource Wild & Wild Cultivated Genetic resource Cultivated Cultivated Western humid tracts of India humid tracts Western Eastern Himalayas and north- eastern India Andaman Islands Island eco-region Eastern India & north-eastern hills Southern Western Ghats Western Southern Eastern Himalayas & Nicobar Islands Western Ghats Western Andaman islands Southern Peninsular India North East India & FR FR AF FR FR FR FR FR FR AF Mangosteen WR Mangosteen WR Mangosteen Mangosteen Cowa Mangosteen Matka imli Mangosteen Kokam WR Mangosteen Mangosteen Garcenia cambogia Desr. Garcenia Buch. -Ham. pedunculata Buch. Garcenia Garcinia andamanica King Garcinia andamanica andamanica var. Garcinia cadelliana King & Pantl Garcinia cadelliana Roxb. ex DC. Roxb. Garcinia cowa Garcinia gummigutta (L.) Robs. Garcinia gummigutta Garcinia hombroniana Pierre. Garcinia indica Choisy Garcinia kurzii Pierre Garcinia mangostana L. 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 215 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild & Cultivated Wild Genetic resources Genetic Wild & Cultivated Wild Genetic resource Genetic resource Essential oil Bark yield fibre Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Introduced Western Western Ghats and North East India Sikkim Himalayas Sikkim & Himalayas North East India Eastern, Western Ghats & north- Western Eastern, eastern India Southern Western Ghats Western Southern Eastern Himalayas, North East India, Eastern Western & Ghats, Andaman Island Kashmir Himalayas Southern W.Ghats Southern Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India Cultigen not known in Grown as green wild; legume in hot humid zones of India FR FR FR MP FR OR FI FO/AF GL GL Indian Gamboge tree Sopsopia WR Mangosteen WR Mangosteen WR Mangosteen Geranium Nilgiri nettle Gliricidia/ Quickstick Karihari Soybean

Garcinia morella (Gaerntn.)Garcinia Desr. (Buch-Ham) sopsopia (Buch-Ham) Garcinia Mabberley (Wight & Arn.) & Garcinia spicata (Wight Hook.f. T. Anders. Garcinia wightii T. Hook. f. Hook. Garcinia xanthochymus Geranium pinetophium R.Kunth Geranium Girardinia palmata (Forsk.) Gaudich Girardinia (Jacq.) Walp. Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Gloriosa superba L. Glycine max (L.) Merrill.Glycine soja Siebold & Zucc. syn Glycine 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 216 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Wild Wild Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild Cultivated Wild Semi arid zone Sikkim Himalayas Khasia hills, Meghalaya Khasia hills, Chittagong hills, Tripura and Tripura Chittagong hills, Mizoram Many partsMany India of Many partsMany India of Many partsMany India of Gangetic plains, Western Western Gangetic plains, Ghats Western and in Himalayas Himalayas, Central India & Himalayas, Ghats Western Punjab to Bengal ascending to in the an altitude of 7,000 ft. Himalayas Throughout Throughout the greater parts of India Central, western India & Deccan & India western Central, plateau MP OR/MP OR FI FI FI FI FR FR FO/FR FR FR Liquorice, Liquorice, Mulhatti Orchid Orchid Cotton Cotton Cotton Cotton Phalsa WR Phalsa Biul, Biung, Biung, Biul, Bhimal WR Phalsa WR Phalsa Glycirrhiza glabra L. glabra Glycirrhiza U.C.Pradhan U.C.Pradhan alveolatus Goodyera Goodyera recurva Lindl. recurva Goodyera Gossypium arboreum L. Gossypium arboreum Gossypium barbadense L. Gossypium barbadense Gossypium herbaceum L. Gossypium herbaceum Gossypium hirsutum L. Gossypium hirsutum Grewia asiatica L. Grewia damine Gaertn. J. R. Drumm. ex Drumm. R. J. Grewia optiva Burret Grewia subinaequalis DC. Grewia tenax (Forssk.) Fiori 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 217 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Dry location Resin used in Resin used medicine Cultivated Wild and Wild used in cultivated, medicine Wild Wood Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Introduced, Introduced, Cultivated Introduced Wild Central & Western India. Western & Central Arid region Central India Central Peninsular India Peninsular Western Ghats Western Dry districts of Deccan Khasia-Jaintia hills, Meghalaya hills, Khasia-Jaintia Many partsMany of India Assam Bengal plains & semi-arid Deccan plateau Dadra and N. Haveli, Goa, Gujarat, Andhra Gujarat, Goa, Pradesh, Assam, Haveli, Bihar, N. and Dadra Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Orissa, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Bengal West Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, FR CC OS MP OR AF OR FO OS MP WR Phalsa Gum guaiacum Niger Gurmar Orchid Anjan Ginger lily Sunflower Jerusalem Jerusalem artichoke East Indian- sarsaparilla, Indian- sarsaparilla Grewia villosa Willd. Grewia villosa Guaiacum officinale L. Guaiacum Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) abyssinica Cass. Guizotia Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult. Gymnema sylvestre (Bigelow) Torr (Bigelow) Habenaria grandiflora Hardwickia binata Roxb Hardwickia ellipticum Smith Hedychium & Jain Srivastava asraoii var. Helianthus annuus L. Helianthus tuberosus L. (L.) W. T. Aiton T. W. indicus (L.) Hemidesmus 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 218 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild Cultivated Semi-wild in Deccan peninsula, Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Genetic resource Banks of tidal & streams wild mangroves, and cultivated Wild Wild Wild Many partsMany of India Kerala, Kerala, Tripura & Islands Andaman Many partsMany India of Plains of India North and Central plains Gangetic plains, Deccan peninsula Deccan plains, Gangetic Ghats Western & Eastern and western coasts India. of Cold arid region, Ladakh Cold arid region, 900-3600 m beetween Cold arid region, Ladakh Cold arid region, Cold arid region, Ladakh Cold arid region, OR FO AF FI FI FI FI/MP FI FR FR Spear grass Para rubber Para tree Kenaf Kenaf Roselle Ranbhindi Coast cotton tree Seab- uckthorn Sea- buckthorn Sea- buckthorn (L.) P. Beauv contortusHeteropogon (L.) P. Schult. & ex Roem. (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Juss.) A. ex (Willd. brasiliensis Hevea Arg. Mull. Hibiscus cannabinus L. Hibiscus cannabinus Cav. Hibiscus radiatus Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Hibiscus surattensis L. Hibiscus surattensis Hibiscus tiliaceus L. Hippophae rhamnoides L. Hippophae salicifolia D.Don Schltr. Hippophae tibetana Schltr. 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 219 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild Wild Wild Wild Genetic resouce Genetic resouce Genetic resouce Genetic resource Ancestor of barley cultivated WR Genetic resource Sikkim, Assam & Bengal Sikkim, Many partsMany of India Southern W. Ghats W. Southern Southern W. Ghats W. Southern Abor hills, Arunachal Pradesh Abor hills, Southern W.Ghats Southern North Western Himalayas Western North N.W. Himalayas N.W. N.W. Himalayas N.W. N.W. Himalayas N.W. Eastern Himalayas North-western Himalayas OS MP/ FO/AF AF F AF AF CE CE CE CE CE CE Gulur Indian elm Iron wood wood Iron of Malabar Pongu WR Barley WR Barley WR Barley WR Barley WR Barley WR Barley (Roxb.) heteroclitaHodgsonia (Roxb.) Thomson & Hook.f. (Roxb.) integrifoliaHoloptelia (Roxb.) Planch. Hopea glabra Wt and Arn. Hopea glabra Hopea parviflora Bedd. Hopea shingkeng (Dunn) Bor Hopea wightiana Wall. Hordeum aegiceras Nees ex Royle aegiceras Hordeum (Trin.) Link (Trin.) brevisubulatum Hordeum (Trin.) Link (Trin.) brevisubulatum Hordeum nevskianum (Bowden) subsp. Tzvelev (Trin.) Link Link (Trin.) brevisubulatum Hordeum turkestanicum Tzvelev subsp. Hordeum agriocrithonHordeum Aberg. Hordeum glaucum Steud. Hordeum 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 220 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Genetic Alpine grass mixed Alpine grass mixed high vegetation altitude Genetic resource Cultivated Wild Wild, Wild, Chaulmoogra oil, for leprosy Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild, bark Wild, substitute for quinine Wild Wild North Himalayas western N.W. Himalayas N.W. North Himalayas western North western High Himalayas, altitude 3000 m Many partsMany India of Southern Western Ghats & Western Southern Bastar Assam & Tripura Assam & Southern Weastern Ghats Weastern Southern Southern W. Ghats W. Southern Eastern India Hilly areas at 1500-3500m Hilly areas CE CE CE CE CE MP MP OS/MP MP MP MP WR Barley WR Barley WR Barley WR Barley Barley Wax plant Wax Chaul mugra Wild Wild Chaulmugra Bhurkhum Henbane Henbane Hordeum leporinumHordeum Link Huds. marinumHordeum Huds. Thell. (Parl.) gussoneanum subsp. Hordeum spontaneum Koch. spontaneum Hordeum Hordeum turkestanicum Nevski Hordeum Hordeum vulgare L. Hordeum Hoya wighitii Hook.f. wighitii Hoya (King.) Warb. Hydnocarpus kurzi (King.) Hydnocarpus macrocarpa (Bedd.)Warb. Wall. Wall. obovatum Hymenodictyon Hyoscyamus muticus L. muticus Hyoscyamus Hyoscyamus niger L. Hyoscyamus 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 221 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated; Cultivated; Naturalized Dye yielding Dye Dye yielding Dye Green manure Green Dye yielding Dye Shrub manure & Shrub manure fodder Forage, seeds has Forage, times protein three of wheat Cultivated Lopped for Wild, cattle fodder Wild Many partsMany of India Lahul to Kumaon Himalayas, Himalayas, Kumaon Lahul to N.W.Himalayas Kaithiawar North West Deccan endemic Plateau, Lahul to Kumaon N.W.Himalaya Himalayas, Upper Gangetic plains Upper Gangetic Northern Deccan All over India, native and native India, All over in Bihar and Manipur cultivated Gangetic plains Gangetic plains OR CC MP MP FO MP FO/MP CC/MP FO VE/MP Balsam WR Indigo WR Indigo WR Indigo WR Indigo WR Indigo WR Indigo Indigo Swamp Swamp cabbage/ Ipomoea Impatiens balsamina L. Impatiens Indigofera cedrorum Dunn Indigofera Roxb. coerulea Roxb. Indigofera monosperma (Sant.) Sant. var. Indigofera deccanesis Sanj. Indigofera Buch.-Ham. dosua Buch.-Ham. Indigofera (Ali) Sanj simlensis Don var. ex D. Indigofera gangetica Indigofera Roxb. ex glandulosa Roxb. Indigofera sykesii Griff. var. Willd. Indigofera tinctoriaIndigofera L. Indopiptadenia oudhensis (Brandis) Breban Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 222 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Wild Cultivated Perfume & & Perfume flavour Perfume & & Perfume flavour Perfume & & Perfume flavour Wild relative Wild Cultivated in low in low Cultivated logged lying water areas Wild Wild Wild Many partsMany of India Jaislamer in western Rajasthan Jaislamer Many partsMany India of N.W.Himalayas N.W.Himalayas N.W.Himalayas Lower gangetic plains gangetic Lower Nearly throughout India, widely India, throughout Nearly grown in Pradesh) Nellore (Andhra Meghalaya Andaman islands Assam VE OR FO OR OR OR FO AF OR OR Sweet Sweet potato Railway Railway creeper Ghiabati Iris Iris Kashmir IrisKashmir WR Mashan Mushan, Mushan, mushel Andaman Ixora Assam Ixora Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Ipomoea (L.) Sweet cairicaIpomoea (L.) Sweet & Hallb.) (Blatt. semineglabra var. Bhandari Ipomoea pes-trigridis L. Iris duthiei Foster Irishookeriana Foster Iris kashmiriana Baker Iseilema holei Iseilema laxum Hack. Ixonanthus khasiana Hook.f. andamanica Bremek Ixora Ixora goalparensis Bremek Ixora 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883

223 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild endemic Wild, Fire Ornamental; wood Cultivated in Cultivated gardens Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Cultivated Cultivated Andaman & Nicobar islands Andaman Ghats W. Southern & Nicobar Andaman Many partsMany India of Eastern Ghats,Westen Ghats Eastern Ghats,Westen Western Western Himalayas, plains, Gangetic EasternPeninsula, Deccan Himalaya, Ghats, NW. tropical 200-1000 m. Eastern eastern Region Himalayas, North- Deccan peninsula Eastern Himalayas, North- Eastern Himalayas, eastern Region Eastern Himalayas, North- Eastern Himalayas, Easterneastern Ghats, Region, Ghats Western OR OR OR AF/OR OR MP OR MP OR OR Nicobar Nicobar Ixora Jacaranda WR jasmine Tree jasmine Tree Jasmine Juhi Jasmine Jasmine

Ixora nicobaricaIxora Bemek Wall. ex D.Don ex D.Don notoniana Wall. Ixora rosella Kurz Ixora & Bonpl. acutifolia Humb. Jacaranda Don. D. mimosaefolia syn J. Jasminum angustifolium Vahl. Jasminum Jasminum arborescens Roxb. Jasminum Jasminum attenuatum Roxb. Jasminum G.Don ex. Jasminum auriculatumJasminum Vahl. Jasminum azoricum L. Jasminum Jasminum flexile Vahl Jasminum 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 224 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Cultivated Cultivated Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, large resource, scentless fruit Wild & Cultivated Wild Cultivated, widely Cultivated, in garden grown Shrub Wild, Oil used in Wild, toothache North-eastern region Western Himalayas, Indus Western Himalayas, plains Ghats Western & North-eastern Region Western Ghats Western Western Western from Ghats Dakshin Kanyakumari extending Kannada to Western Western Eastern Northern plains Himalayas, Ghats & Western Western Himalayas Western Lahul Himalaya, Uttarkhand in N.W.Himalaya Western Himalayas Western MP MP OR OR OR MP OR OR MP Jasmine Yellow Yellow Jasmine Jasmine Mogra Primrose jasmine, Yellow jasmine, Japanese jasmine Star Jasmine Spanish Jasmine WR Jasmine Jasmine Jasminum fructicans L. Jasminum Jasminum humile L. Jasminum Jasminum lanceolariumJasminum Roxb. Jasminum malabaricumJasminum Wight. Jasminum mesnyi Hance. mesnyi Jasminum Jasminum multiflorum (Burm.f.) multiflorum Jasminum Andr. L. syn. J. syn. officinale L. Jasminum L. grandiflorum Jasminum parkeriJasminum Dunn Jasminum ritchieiJasminum C.B.Clarke 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 225 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild Wild, roots used roots Wild, in ring worm Cultivated & Cultivated Naturalized Cultivated Wild Wild Cultivated Wild & Cultivated & Wild Wild Western Himalayas Western Eastern Himalayas, Eastern Ghats plains, Gangetic Many partsMany India of Many partsMany India of Southern E. Ghats Southern E. Khasia -Jaintia hills, Meghalaya hills, Khasia -Jaintia Himalayan zone & Assam hills zone & Himalayan Himalayan Himalayan region 14000 ft. at 5000- Himalayas MP MP OS OS OS OR FR AF F/ AF F/ Jasmine Jasmine Physic nut Physic Purging nut WR Physic WR Physic nut Orchid Walnut, Walnut, Akhroth Juniper Indian Juniper Wall ex rottlerianumJasminum Wall DC. Jasminum scandens Vahl Jasminum Jatropha curcas L. Jatropha Jatropha gossypifolia L. Jatropha Wight villosa Wight Jatropha Raman ramnadensis var. (Joseph & Jejosephia pusilla (Joseph & Mani Rao A.S. Deka) Juglans regia L. Juniperus communis L. Juniperus communis Juniperus macropoda Boiss. 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911

226 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Fresh or driedFresh source are leaves of the dry vasaka, used in bronchial problems Cultivated Genetic resource Cultivated Cultivated Genetic resource Tropical Tropical and subtropical India; in cultivation frequent NE India & South India Peninsular Sikkim Himalayas Introduced; Introduced; naturalized cultivated in most India and parts of Many partsMany of India Eastern Himalayan region Eastern Himalayan MP WR Food, Food, Forage, Med- icine VE MP Malabar- nut, Malabar- nut-tree, pavettia, , vasaka adotodai, adulsa Galanga Hyacinth- bean Lablab bean Lablab WR Garden WR Garden lettuce L. L. Justicia adhatoda Nees syn Adhatoda vasica Kaempferia galanga L. thoroldiana (Oliv.) Kengyilia et al. Yang L. J. thoroldianus syn Elymus Singh G. (Oliv) purpureusLablab (L.) Sweet (L.) Sweet purpureusLablab (L.) Sweet Verdc. benghalensis ( Jacq.) subsp. Lactuca cooperi Anthony 912 913 914 915 916 917 227 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild, Genetic Wild, resources Weed, Genetic Genetic Weed, resources Cultivated Wild. Cultivated Strong , heavy, hard hard heavy, , Strong wood Cultivated Wild Weedy type Weedy Cultivated in Cultivated gardens Gangetic Gangetic plains, Indus Eastern Ghats plains, Many partsMany of India Many partsMany India of Western Himalayan region Himalayan Western Many partsMany India of Many parts of India, Upto 900 m 900 Upto India, of parts Many in Himalayas Nilgiri and south India North-west India North-west Northern plains/upper, Gangetic Northernplains/upper, East India Central and plains, European domesticate,Grown European in domesticate,Grown north, north-west, central India Nadu. Tamil and MP MP VE VE VE OR/FO FR FO FO GL WR Garden WR Garden lettuce WR Garden WR Garden lettuce Garden Garden lettuce Prickly lettuce Bottle Gourd Lager- stroemia Duku Yellow vetch Yellow Sweet Pea Pea Sweet Lactuca remotiflora DC. Lactuca remotiflora DC. DC. Lactuca runcinata DC. heyneana syn L. Lactuca sativa L. Lactuca sativa L. Lactuca serriola L. scariola L. L. syn. Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb Lansium domesticum Correa Lasiurus scindicus Henrard aphaca L. Lathyrus L. odoratus Lathyrus 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 228 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Cultivated Introduced Semi-aquatic habitats Cultivated Cultivated Introduced & Introduced Cultivated used in skin Leaves disease Genetic resource, Genetic resource, for fragrant grown flowers Apparently Apparently wild widely cultivated for Himalayas, in western fodder and forage in northern, central and western India, Upto 1200 m, Throughout Throughout India; Punjab and to mainly in Gujarat, cultivated Pradesh Madhya in extent small a and Rajasthan Kashmir and Nilgiri some parts of North-eastern hills Widely cultivated in Widely cultivated hotter parts of India Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India Manipur. Nilgiris to Travancore hills W.Ghats southern in GL OR FO GL SP/VE FO OR/MP OR Grass pea enna , henna , Jamaica- mignonette, mignonette- tree, True True lavender Jungli dhan Jungli Lentil Garden cress Garden Subabul Nilgiri lily

Lathyrus sativus L. Lathyrus Lawsonia inermis L. Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Lavandula Leersia hexandra Swartz. Leersia hexandra Lens culinaris Medic, Moench Lens esculenta syn. Lepidium sativum L. Leucaena leucocephala Lam. Lilium mackinliae Sealy Lilium neilgherrense Wight 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 229 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic Cultivated Genetic resource, Genetic resource, Collateral host of linseed rust Genetic resource Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Cultivated Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource estern Himalayas, cold estern Himalayas, N.W.Himalayas N.W.Himalayas Subtropical Subtropical India Peninsular Himalayas & Western Ghats & Western Western Ghats & Western Upto 1800 m Himalayas, North-w up to 4000 m -hardy Western Himalayas & Himalayas Western Northwestern plains orth & Peninsular India In north & Peninsular Khasia - Jaintia hills, Meghalaya hills, Khasia - Jaintia Sikkim Sikkim Sikkim Arunachal Pradesh Uttarkhand in N.W.Himalayas OR OR FR OS OR FO/MP OS OR OR OR OR OR OR Wood apple Wood WR Linseed WR Linseed WR Linseed Linseed Orchid Orchid Orchid Orchid Orchid Orchid Wall. ex Hook.f Wall. Lilium roseum Royle Royle Lilium thomsoniaum acidissima L. Limonia Linum mysorense Heyne Linum mysorense Linum perenne L. Linum strictum L. Linum usitatissimum L. Linum usitatissimum Liparis assamica King & Pantl Hook.f. Liparis Hook.f. gamblei Listera altrnifoliaListera King & Pantl Listera brevicaulis King & Pantl Listera Panigr. & Panigr. divaricata Listera Taylor P. Listera nandadeviensis Hajra Listera 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 230 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated wood Wild, for suitable construction purpose Wild Genetic resource Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Wild Cultivated Wild, cultivated Wild, Gangetic plains Gangetic Sikkim North-West India North-West Gangetic plains Throughout India Throughout India , Sri Lanka India , ll over India all over North Western Himalayas, Himalayas, Western North Gangetic plains North-Eastern plains. Western Ghats extending Ghats Western Dakshin Kannada to from Kanyakumari FR AF FO VE VE VE VE VE VE VE Litchi English rye English rye grass Ridge Gourd Ridged Gourd Ridged gourd Sponge Gourd WR Sponge Gourd WR Sponge Gourd Ridged gourd (Roxb.) (Roxb.) amara Litchi chinensis (Gaertn.) Sonne. Roxb. Roxb. Litsea lancifolia alternifolia Meissn var. Lolium perenne L. Luffa hermaphroditaLuffa Singh & Bhandari Luffa acutangula (L.) (Roxb.) Luffa Luffa acutangula var.Luffa Clarke C.B. (L.) M. J. Roem J. cylindricaLuffa (L.) M. Mill. aegyptiaca L. syn. Roxb. echinataLuffa Roxb. Luffa graveolens Roxb. graveolens Luffa Luffa umbellata (Klein) M.Roem. Luffa 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 231 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Introduced & Introduced Cultivated Cultivated Wild Wild & cultivated Wild Wild, Large showy showy Large Wild, flowers Wild and Wild cultivated Wild, Large showy Large showy Wild, flowers Small tree Wild, flower with yellow Shrub Wild, Shrub Many partsMany of India Nilgiri, Mysore and U.P Mysore Nilgiri, Many partsMany India of Leeward Semi-arid Deccan Leeward plateau Many partsMany India of Assam Many partsMany of India Assam Manipur hills Manipur hills Khasi hills VE FR GL AF AF OR AF OR MP MP MP Tomato Macadamia Macadamia nut Horse gram Mahua Mahua Magnolia Mohua Magnolia Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Lycopersicon F. Muell. ternifoliaMacadamia F. Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lamk.) Macrotyloma uniflorum uniflorum var. Verdc (C.B. (C.B. Madhuca diplostemon Royen van Clarke) Madhuca longifolia (L.) MacbrideMadhuca longifolia A.Chev. (Roxb.) latifolia var. (Hook.f. & (Hook.f. Magnolia caveana Thomson) Raju & Nayar Madhuca longifolia (L.) longifolis Macbride var. Magnolia gustavii King Mahonia magnifica Ahrendt Takeda (DC.) Mahonia roxburghii Mahonia simonsii Takeda 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 232 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Introduced, Introduced, Cultivated Cultivated Wild and Wild as cultivated ornamental Cultivated Genetic resource Cultivated Wild & Cultivated Wild Cultivated Genetic resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Many partsMany of India Peninsular India Peninsular Western Western & Eastern Himalayas, North-eastern hills, 1800-3000 m Between Western Himalayas Western Sikkim Himalayas Western Western Himalayas, Northern plains & Deccan peninsula Many partsMany of India Temperate Himalayas & Nilgiris, Himalayas Temperate Upto 3600 m, Andaman & Lakshadweep Andaman & Lakshadweep Islands Andaman & Nicobar Islands FR FR FR FR FR VE/MP VE VE FR FR Barbados Barbados cherry West Indian Indian West cherry, vallari WR apple Apple WR apple Khubasi Khubasi Mallow, Mallow, Lapha WR Mango WR Mango Malpighia glabra L. glabra Malpighia Malpighia punicifolia L. Malpighia Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. Malus pumila Mill. (Wenz.) (Wenz.) Malus sikkimensis ex Schneider Koehne Malva rotundifolia L. Malva Malva sylvestris L. Malva Malva verticillata L. Malva Mangifera andamanica King Mangifera Mangifera camptospermaMangifera Pierre 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 233 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild in forests, in forests, Wild Cultivated Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Cultivated Fruit edible, Wild Wild Fruit edible, and Cultivated, Genetic resource Cultivated Wild, bark yield Wild, fibre strong Introduced & Introduced Cultivated Aromatic Wild , Narcotic Narcotic , Wild property Many partsMany of India N.E India (Assam & Khasi hills) India (Assam N.E North-eastern region, Shillong islands Andaman plateau, Tropical india Tropical Tropical India Tropical Many partsMany of India East Himalayas & NE India East Himalayas Many partsMany of India Western Himalayas & Punjab Himalayas Western Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Jammu Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh Punjab, Kashmir, FR FR FR TC FR FR FI FR MP MP Mango Mango Mango Cassava Khirini Sapote, Sapote, chiku Nepal hemp Arrowroot Chamomile Blue Poppy Mangifera indica L. Mangifera Mangifera khasiana Pierre. Mangifera Mangifera sylvatica Roxb. sylvatica Mangifera Manihot esculenta Crantz Manihot esculenta (Roxb.) (Roxb.) hexandra Manilkara hexandra = Mimusops Dubard Roxb. (L.) P. Royen = Royen zapota (L.) P. Manilkara Achras zapota L. Wedd. Maoutia puya Maranta arundinacea L. Maranta Matricaria chammomila L. Meconopsis aculeata Royle 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 234 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Lenitive properties Lenitive Cultivated Cultivated Widely cultivated cultivated Widely and naturalized Cultivated as well as well Cultivated as escape Cultivated Indo-gangetic plains Indo-gangetic Northern plains, Upto 1800 m Northern plains, Bihar, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Pradesh, West Madhya Uttar Punjab, Pradesh, Nadu, Tamil Rajasthan, Bengal N. W. Himalayas (Ladakh), Punjab, Punjab, (Ladakh), Himalayas W. N. North-west, central and eastern India. Sub himalayan tract, Up to 1800 Sub tract, himalayan m Many parts of India, Up Many partsto 4000 of India, m Forage SP FO/ & Food Drink FO FI FO black medic, medic, black hop-clover, nonesuch, yellow trefoil Clover ur medic, bur medic, California bur-clover, hairy medic, toothed bur-clover, toothed medic Alfalfa Bead tree White Sweet Sweet White Clover

Medicago lupulina L. Medicago (C.A. Mey.) Mey.) (C.A. Medicago monantha Trautv. auct polycerata Trigonella syn. non L. L. syn. syn. L. Medicago polymorpha Medicago hispida Gaertn. L. Medicago sativa L. Melia azedarach Melilotus albus Medik. Melilotus albus 991 992 993 994 995 996 235 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Important source for paper pulp. Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Avenue tree with tree Avenue flower shiny Wild and Wild Cultivated Many partsMany of India North - Eastern India Western Western Himalayas, Nilgiri and Mysore Western Western Himalayas, Nilgiri and Mysore Western Western Himalayas, Nilgiri and Mysore Western Western Himalayas, Nilgiri and Mysore Tropical Islands Tropical Southern W.Ghats Southern FO CC MP/SP SP SP SP AF MP Indian Sweet Clover Bamboo Wild mint Wild Japaneas Japaneas peppermint Peppermint Pahari podina Indian rose Indian rose chestnut Nag kesar Melilotus indicus L. Melilotus Trin. bambusoides Melocanna Mentha arvensis L. L. Mentha arvensis L. Birigsubsp haplocalyx Holmes pepessence var. Mentha piperita L. Mentha spicata L. Mesua ferrea L. Mesua ferrea L. Triaba) & pulchella (Planch. subsp. Vesque Mahesh coromandeliana (Wight.) var. 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 236 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild and Wild in Cultivated and gardens for temples fragrant flowers Cultivated and Cultivated Naturaized Wild and Wild Cultivated Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Fish poison Climber Climber estern Ghats estern Ghats w w Eastern Himalayas and Western Ghats. Tropical India Tropical Assam E.Himalayas E.Himalayas and C. Himalayas and C. E.Himalayas E.Himalayas E.Himalayas East and N. Himalayas, East, East, Himalayas, East and N. and Central India Nort-west Southern Southern OR AF/FR OR/ WR WR WR WR WR FO OR OR Champa Spanish Cherry Champa Himalayan Himalayan fairy grass, Nepal silver grass Pattani L. Michelia champaca L. Michelia mannii King (Trin.) Hack. Miscanthus nepalensis (Trin.) (Benth.) Baker Milletia extensa (Benth.) Baker auriculata Baker syn M. ex Brandis (Griseb.) Hack. Miscanthus nudipes (Griseb.) Bor Miscanthus taylorii Bor Miscanthus wardii Wight. & Arn. & Wight. Milletia rubiginosa Wight. & Arn. & Wight. Milletia splendens 1005 1006 1011 1007 1012 1013 1014 1008 1009 1010 237 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild and Wild Cultivated Adopted to dryAdopted sandy soil Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Humid tropical Humid tropical forests Will and Will Genetic Cultivated, resource Wild Wild Wild Genetic resource Tropical India Tropical Eastern Ghats, Indo-Gangetic plains. Many partsMany India of Tropical India Tropical Peninsular region, North-eastern region, Peninsular region. Central peninsular tract. Central peninsular North-eastern region. Western Western from Ghats Dakshin Kanyakumari extending Kannada to Gangetic plains, Eastern Ghats Gangetic plains, Eastern & Western Ghats Western Eastern & TC VE VE VE VE VE VE VE VE VE Moghania, Moghania, teek Marwar Balsam apple Bitter Gourd Bitter gourd Sweet gourd Sweet Bitter Gourd WR Bitter Gourd WR Bitter Gourd WR Bitter Gourd Kuntz vestita Moghania L. balsamina Momordica Momordica charantia L. Momordica Momordica charantia Momordica Chak. muricata (Willd.) var. Momordica cochinchinensisMomordica Spreng Roxb. Ex Willd Ex dioica Roxb. Momordica Momordica macrophylla Gage. macrophylla Momordica Momordica subangulata Blume Momordica renigera subangulata var. Momordica Wilde J.de W. Don) ex G. (Wall. (Roxb.) Cogn. tuberosa (Roxb.) Momordica 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 238 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Cultivated Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Wild Semi-wild Wild Eastern Himalayas & Ghats Western Tropical Tropical regions - Andaman & Islands Nicobar Rajasthan, dry hills of Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh and Konkan, Coimbatore Sub Himalayan tract,plains Sub Himalayan of north western India and Peninsula Many partsMany India of Himalayan region Himalayan Himalayan region Himalayan Himalayan region Himalayan Kumaon west-wards, west-wards, Kumaon Upto 2700 m. Northern plains NE & Peninsular India, East India, NE & Peninsular Andaman Himalayas, AF/ OR MP VE VE FR FR FR FR FR FR MP Asho Noni WR Drumstick Drum stick White mulberry Mulberry Mulberry Black mulberry Mulberry Flogida Negro- bean Morinda Roxb. agustifolia Morinda citrifolia L. Moringa concanensis Nimmo ex Dalzell & Gibson Lam. Moringa Lam. oleifera Morus alba L. Morus australis Poir. Morus australis Morus indica L. Morus nigra L. Morus nigra Morus serrata Roxb. Mucuna deeringiana(Bort.) Merr. Mucuna monospermaWight 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 239 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild Cultivated Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild relative Wild Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, seeded Wild, banana Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Many partsMany of India Northeastern hills Himalyan zone & chota Nagpur zone & chota Himalyan Sub-tropical regions of NorthSub-tropical North- and East Himalayas, west Central and South India east, Many partsMany India of North-eastern hill Ghats W. regions, Assam Wild Wild in region north-eastern hill Assam North-eastern region North eastern parts Assam hills MP MP MP MP/FO SP FR FR FR FR FR FR Velvet bean Velvet Velvet bean Velvet Velvet bean Velvet Velvet bean Velvet Curry Banana WR Banana Banana Banana WR Banana Banana Banana Mucuna utilis Wall. Mucuna Mucuna bracteata Kurz Mucuna bracteata Wight & Arn. & Wight Mucuna capitata (L.) DC. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. pruriens , var cochinensis M. syn. (L.) Spreng. (L.) Spreng. koenigii Murraya Musa acuminata L. Bull. ex Baker Musa assamica Bull. Musa balbisiana Colla Musa cheesmanii Simmonds Simmonds, Simmonds, Musa flaviflora King thomsoni M. syn. Musa itinerus Cheesman. Musa mannii Wendl. 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 240 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Seeds like that of Seeds like Ensete gillettii Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Cultivated Cultivated Wild & Genetic Wild resource Wild, seeds like like seeds Wild, that of Musa nagensium Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Introduced and Introduced Cultivated minor fruit Wild Wild Naga hills E. Himalayas to Myanmar Himalayas E. North eastern parts Tropical Indias Tropical Sikkim, Sikkim, north Bengal, hills. Khasi Khasi hills, Manipur & Western Ghats Many partsMany of India Assam hills Many partsMany of India Sub tropical Himalayas ,north Himalayas Sub tropical eastern hills Andaman & Lakshadweep Andaman & Lakshadweep Islands FR FR FR FR FR FR FI FR FR/MP FR/MP SP/MP Banana lowering flowering banana Banana Plantain Banana Banana Marida hemp WR Banana Kaiphal WR Kaiphal WR Mace/ Nutmeg Musa nagensium Prain Musa nagensium Musa ornataRoxb. Musa paradisiaca L. Musa paradisiaca Musa sapientum L. Kurz Musa sikkimensis Musa superba Roxb. Musa textilis Nee Wendl. ex Drude Wendl. Musa velutina Buch.-Ham. ex Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. Don D. Myrica nagi Buch-Ham. Myristica Hook.f. andamanica 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 241 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild Wild Cultivated Wild, adulterant adulterant Wild, fragrans for M. Wild Common in pools and ditches, streams Cultivated Endemic Wild Introduced, Introduced, Cultivated Wild , cooler , Wild climates enisular India & NE Indias enisular India & Nilgiris and Anamalai Nilgiris and Western Ghats Western Humid tropics of SouthernHumid tropics p Western Ghats Western Alpine Himalayas Many partsMany India of Many partsMany of India Meghalaya Sikkim Temperate hills Temperate North and North eastern India SP SP/MP SP SP MP MP OR OR/MP OR FR NMT WR Jaiphal WR Mace/ Nutmeg WR Jaiphal False nutmeg Jatamansi Water cress Water Lotus Pitcher plant Orchid Rambutan Tobacco Myristica King. beddomei Myristica Gaertn. dactyloides Houtt. Myristica fragrans Myristica malabarica Lamk. Nardostachys jatamansii DC. Nardostachys R. Br. Nasturtium officinale R. Gaertn. Gaertn. Nelumbo nucifera Hook.f. Nepenthes khasiana Hook.f. Nephelaphyllum sikkimensis Nephelaphyllum (Hook.f.) Karthik L. Nephelium lappaceum L. J.M. Black Nicotiana excelsior J.M. 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 242 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Cultivated Wild & Cultivated & Cultivated Wild Essential oil Genetic resource Genetic resource Wild Wild For basketry, basketry, For mat-making & decorative handicrafts North and North eastern India North and North eastern India Western Himalayan region region Himalayan Western Northern W. Ghats W. Northern Western Ghats Western North Eastern India, Khasia North Eastern India, hills North Eastern India and Khasia hills Sub Himalayan region Sub Himalayan Western Himalayan mainly Kashmir region Southern Western Ghats Western Southern CC CC MP/SP OR CC WR CC OR TC VE/ CC Tobacco Tobacco Black cumin Black cumin Wild coffee Wild Wild Coffee Wild Wild Coffee Wild Water Lilly Water Reed Nicotiana rustica L. Nicotiana Nicotiana tabacum L. Nicotiana L. L. Nigella sativa Nilgirianthus reticulatus (Stapf) Bremek (Gamble) Nostolachma crassifolia Deb & Lahiri Nostolachma jenkinsii (Hook.f.) Deb & Lahiri Nostolachma khasiana (Korth.) Deb & Lahiri Nymphaea alba L. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Benth. Ochlandra travancorica 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1078 1077 1079 243 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Wild Cultivated Cultivated Introduced Wood has sweet has sweet Wood as known scent, sandal wood rose Wild Fruits edible Wild Introduced and Introduced Naturalized Spineless forms used as fodder Cultivated North eastern Himalayas Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India Many parts of India, Upto 1800 partsMany India, of m in Himalayas Many partsMany India of N.E. & pennisular India N.E. Western Himalayas Western Eastern Himalayas Western Himalayas, Eastern Himalayas, Western Ghats Western Ghats, Western India Western Many partsMany of India MP MP MP MP MP AF AF AF AF FO CE Babui tulsi Babui Ram tulsi Kapur tulsi Holy tulsi Fever plant Fever WR Olive Indian olive WR Olive WR Olive Cactus pear, Cactus pear, Prickly pear, Indian Fig Paddy Guerke L. basilicum Ocimum Ocimum gratissimum L. gratissimum Ocimum Ocimum kilimandscharicum Ocimum Ocimum sanctum L. Ocimum Ocimum virideOcimum Willd. Olea dioica Roxb. Royle, Olea ferruginea Royle, cuspidata subsp. europaea L. syn O. Don) Cif. ex G. (Wall. C. B. Clarke B. C. Olea gamblei Wall. ex G. Don ex G. Wall. Olea glandulifera Opuntia ficusindica (L) Mill. Oryza sativa L. Oryza sativa 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 244 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing In saline water; water; In saline resource Genetic Geneticr resource Geneticr Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Annual, near Annual, field; water-logged Genetic resource Genetic resource Perennial, in Perennial, vigrous valley, growth;Genetic resource Orissa, Andhra Pradesh Andhra Orissa, Eastern India Rut island, Saddle Peak,. Rut island, Andaman islands Jeypore tracts, Orissa tracts, Jeypore Kaveri region Kaveri Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, West West Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Bengal (Darjeeling) Peninsular region Peninsular Deccan Assam, Assam, West Bengal & central and southern peninsular India CE CE CE CE CE WR CE CE CE WR Paddy WR Paddy WR Paddy WR Paddy Jungle oryza Jungle Wild Rice Wild WR Paddy WR Paddy WR Paddy Oryza coarctata Roxb. Nees et Arn. Arn. Nees et Oryza granulata Watt ex Oryza Ellis indandamanica Govindasw. & Oryza Govindasw. jeyporensis Krish. (Zoll. & Moritzi) Moritzi) & Oryza meyeriana (Zoll. Arn. (Nees & granulata var. Baill. Duist. Watt) ex G. J. Presl Oryza J. minuta Oryza nivara Sharma ShastryOryza et nivara forma spontanea L. sativa O. syn. Roshev. Watt. ex Wall Oryza officinalis malampuzhaensis (Krish.) subsp. Tateoka Griff. Oryza rufipogon Griff. spontanea Roschev syn O. 1091 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 245 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Genetic resource Genetic Endemic, Endemic, Construction purposes Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Wild Fruit used as bread fruit Wild and Wild cultivated Cultivated Genetic Wild, resource Wild Eastern India Southern peninsular India, of 800 m altitudes at North-east and east India Bihar and West Bengal West Bihar and Eastern Himalayas Andaman & Nicobar Islands Coastal Zone Upper gangetic southern plateau Deccan plains and Punjab, Upper Gangetic Plain and Plain Gangetic Upper Punjab, Pradesh in Madhya southwards Southern Eastern Ghats CE CC TC TC FI FR FI FO FO ML WR Paddy Bamboo Yam bean Yam Yam bean; bean; Yam Sankalu E.Himalayan E.Himalayan Screwpine Nicobar Breadfruit Screw-pine Blue panic grass L. var. plena Prain var. L. Oryza sativa Munro stocksii Munro Oxytenanthera Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb. Pachyrhizus Pachyrhizus tuberosus (Lam.) Pachyrhizus Spreng. Pandanus furcatus Roxb. Pandanus ex Voigt. ex leramJones Pandanus L. f. L. odoratissimus Pandanus Panicum antidotale Retz. Panicum Hochst. atrosanguinem Hochst. Panicum Rich. A. ex & Raghavan garadei Panicum Karthick. 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 246 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild, grain cooked grain cooked Wild, ricelike Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Cultivated Wild Wild Cultivated Wild and Wild Grain culitvated; rice like cooked Wild Cultivated Deccan peninsula Deccan Humid tropical and subtropical areas Many partsMany India of Western Himalayas & Himalayas Peninsular Western India Wild Wild in upto moderate Northern Himalayas elevations in India, Northern India, Upto 1500 m in m 1500 Upto NorthernIndia, Himalayas Many partsMany of India North-west India North-west Central and North-India ML FO ML ML ML ML FO MP Guinea grass Proso millet Proso Blue panic, Blue panic, little millet, sama Little millet Bhatur Desert grass Opium poppy K. Schum. hippothrix K. Panicum Panicum maximum Jacq. maximum Panicum L. miliaeceum L. Panicum (Roth.ex Roem. millare syn P. & Schult.) Panicum psilopodium Trin Panicum sumatrense Roth Panicum subsp. sumatrense subsp. Panicum & psilopodium (Roth.ex Roem. Schult.) Panicum trypheron Schult. Panicum Panicum turgidum Forssk. Panicum Papaver somniferum L. Papaver 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 247 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild, cultivated in cultivated Wild, nurseries Wild, cultivated in cultivated Wild, nurseries Wild, cultivated in cultivated Wild, nurseries Wild, cultivated in cultivated Wild, nurseries Wild, cultivated in cultivated Wild, nurseries Wild, cultivated in cultivated Wild, nurseries Wild and Wild Cultivated Commonly found of along bunds paddy fields Introduced and Introduced Naturalized Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya N.E.India Meghalaya, Sikkim Meghalaya, Eastern Himalayas Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, West West Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Bengal (Darjeeling) North KarnatakaEast India, and Nadu Tamil Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India OR OR OR OR OR OR FR/FO FO FO Lady Slipper Lady Slipper Orchid Lady Slipper Lady Slipper Orchid Lady Slipper Orchid Lady Slipper Orchid Lady Slipper Orchid Lady Slipper Orchid Khorial, Khorial, Zongta (Assam) Chapri Bahia grass

Paphiopedilum fairrieanum ( Lindl.) Paphiopedilum Stein Paphiopedilum insigne Paphiopedilum Pfitz. (Wall.ex.Lindl.) Paphiopedilum spicereanum Paphiopedilum T Moore) (Reich.f ex Masters & Pfitz. Paphiopedilum venustum venustum Paphiopedilum ex Sims) Pfitzer (Wall. Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindl.) Paphiopedilum Stein. Paphiopedilum wardii Summerh wardii Paphiopedilum (DC.) Merr. timoriana (DC.) Parkia G.Don. roxburghii P. syn. Paspalidium flavidum (Retz.) Paspalidium A.Camus Paspalum notatum Flüggé Paspalum 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 248 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Bordering forests, Bordering forests, Cultivated Introduced and Introduced edible cultivated; ornamental fruits; flowers Wild Wild Wild and Wild cultivated Wild and Wild cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Gangetic Gangetic plains & India Peninsular Tropical and Tropical subtropical parts of India Many partsMany India of Barmer, Barmer, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur Rajasthan Western in Many partsMany India of Ladakh, Kashmir, Punjab, Upper Punjab, Kashmir, Ladakh, gangetic plains; Rajasthan, Gujarat, W. Deccan & Konkan Bihar, Wild Wild in Nilgiri, now grown as ornamental Arid as semi arid as well zone Many partsMany of India ML FR VE VE VE MP/ AP MP/ FO CE Kodo millet Kodo Passion fruit Passion Parsnip Sugandha- bala African-rue, African-rue, Syrian-rue, wild rue Geranium Kikuyu grass Pearl Millet, Millet, Pearl Bajra Paspalum scrobiculatum L. scrobiculatum Paspalum Sims edulis Sims Passiflora Pastinaca sativa L. sativa Pastinaca Hochst. & Steud. & Steud. Hochst. arabica Pavonia & Hallb Blatt. glutinosa var. Willd. odorata Pavonia Peganum harmala (L.) L. Heritt. L. Pelargonium graveolens Hochst. Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov. Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 249 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Cultivated Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Wild Cultivated Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Introduced and Introduced Cultivated North west India North west Eastern India Many partsMany India of Many partsMany India of In the plains warmer parts of India throughout the Throughout Himalayas Throughout Southern India peninsular Banglore and Nandi Hills Banglore ML/FO FO FO ML/FO OR FO FR FR Oriental Fountain Grass Hairy Fountain grass Thin Napier Grass Napier grass/ Elephant Grass Utranjutuka, Utranjutuka, Sagovani, Jutuk Perilla, Perilla, Bhanjira Avocado Avocado Pennisetum orientalePennisetum Link Trin. pedicellatum Trin. Pennisetum Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult. Pennisetum polystachion Pennisetum purpureum Schum. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. Perilla frutescens Britton Persea americana Mill. Persea fruictifera Kost. Persea fruictifera 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 250 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Cultivated Widley cultivated cultivated Widley and naturalized Wild Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Introduced Introduced Introduced and Introduced cultivated Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Wild Cultivated Colder parts of India Many partsMany of India Delhi, Delhi, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur. Meghalaya and Sikkim Subtropical regions in Subtropical Goa, pradesh, Andhra Delhi, Nadu Tamil Maharashtra, West and East Himalayas and hills and Himalayas East and West Nadu Tamil of Many parts Many of India Throughout India Throughout Western Western Himalayas, peninsular India Himalayas, Eastern North, North, Central and peninsular India VE OR MP OR FO GL GL VE FR FR Parsley Petunia Kudzu vine Kudzu Orchid Scarlet Bean Scarlet runner Bean Lima Bean French Bean French WR Date palm Date palm Petroselinum crispumPetroselinum (Mill.) Hill A.W. ex Nyman Petunia hybrida Vilm. Petunia hybrida (Lour.) Merr. Merr. Peuraria(Lour.) montana Sanjappa Willd.) ( lobata var. Rechb.f. Phalaenopsis parishii Rechb.f. Phaseolus atroperpureus DC Macroptelium atropurpureum syn. Urban (DC.) Phaseolus coccineus L. Phaseolus lunatus L. Phaseolus vulgaris L. Phoenix acaulis Buch-Ham. Phoenix dactylifera L. Phoenix dactylifera 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 251 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild- Dwarf type; type; Dwarf Wild- date as hill known palm Wild; Coastal Wild; swamps Wild Wild Wild Wild and Wild Cultivated Cultivated Wild Cultivated Peninsular hilly tracts Peninsular Gangetic plains, Eastern Ghats, Eastern Ghats, plains, Gangetic Islands Andman & Lakshadweep Kerala, Tamil Nadu Tamil Kerala, Gangetic plains, Eastern Ghats Gangetic plains, Eastern Himalayas, North- Eastern Himalayas, eastern India Many partsMany of India Western Ghats Western Andaman & Nicobar Islands Tropical India Tropical FR FR FR FR FR FR FR/VE MP FO WR Date WR Date palm WR Date WR Date palm WR Date palm WRDate palm WR Date palm WR Date sugar palm Goosebery Hari tree; Phal WR Indian goosberry Indian goosberry Royle ex Becc. humilis Royle Phoenix Phoenix paludosa Roxb. Phoenix Phoenix pusilla Gaertn. (Becc.) Hook. f. Hook. (Becc.) Phoenix robusta T. And Phoenix rupicola T. Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb Phyllanthus acidus ( L.) Skeels Phyllanthus Balakr. & andamanica Balakr. Phyllanthus N.G.Nair Phyllanthus emblica L. emblica Phyllanthus 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 252 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild Genetic resource Genetic Walking sticks Walking Cultivated Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Cultivated Medicinal Cultivated Restricted distribution Throughout the warmer partsThroughout of India Vizagapatnam Vizagapatnam E.Ghats in northern Assam Western Himalayas Western Many partsMany India of In a wild and cultivated state in the temperate Himalayas from Kashmir to Bhutan and in the Assam hills of Western Himalaya Western Sikkim Northwest and Western Western and Northwest Himalayas Eastern Himalayas MP FR CC VE FO SP SP FR AF Jaramala, Jaramala, amli Jungli WR Indian WR Indian goosberry Giant bamboo WR Jamberry Rasbhari Indian poke, Indian poke, Indian pokeweed Aniseed Chilgoza pine Khasi pine Brot. ex. Hornem ex. Brot. Phyllanthus fraternus Webster Phyllanthus Gamble Gamble narayanswami Phyllanthus Gamble ex assamica Gamble Phyllostachys Brandis Physalis ixocarpa ixocarpa Physalis Physalis peruviana Mill. Physalis Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. Phytolacca Pimpinella anisum L. Pimpinella urceolata Wall. ex Banerjee ex Lamb. Wall. Pinus gerardiana Royle ex Gordon Royle Pinus kesiya 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1172 253 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated , source source , Cultivated of resin Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic Resource Cultivated Genetic resource. Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Himalayan zone between zone between Himalayan m 450-2400 Himalayas Western Ghats Western North-eastern Region, Eastern Ghats Western & Southern W.Ghats (endemic). W.Ghats Southern Himalayas, North-east Region & RegionNorth-east Himalayas, Ghats Western Humid tropics of India Humid tropics Khasi, Jaintia and Garo hills and Garo Jaintia Khasi, Tripura and adjacent northeastrn adjacent and Tripura hills Southern W.Ghats, endemic W.Ghats, Southern Sikkim-Terai, West Bengal and in and Bengal West Sikkim-Terai, Khasi hills Southern W.Ghats, endemic W.Ghats, Southern Southern W.Ghats, endemic W.Ghats, Southern AF AF SP SP SP SP NMT SP SP SP SP SP SP Chir pine Scots pine WR Piper WR Piper WR Piper WR Piper Betle leaf WR Piper WR Piper WR Piper Jangli Pan Jangli WR Piper WR Piper Sarg. Pinus roxburghii Pinus sylvestris L. Piper argyrophyllum Miq. Piper argyrophyllum Buch.-Ham. Piper attenuatum Piper barberi Gamble Wall. Wall. Piper brachystachyum F ex Hook. Piper betle L. Piper cornilimbum C.DC. Piper falconeri C.DC. Piper galeatum (Miq.) DC. Piper hamiltonii C.DC. Buch.-Ham. ex Piper hapnium Buch.-Ham. Hook.f. Piper hookeri Miq. 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 254 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Wild in easternWild India & Peninsular Cultivated India, Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Wild in evergreen in evergreen Wild in forests India, Peninsular Cultivated Peninsular India and N. E. India E. N. India and Peninsular Khasi-Jaintia, Khasi-Jaintia, Assam valley and hills Tripura Manipur hills Eastern Peninsular India & India Eastern Peninsular North-Easternhills Manipur and adjacent hills Manipur and adjacent Tripura Tripura and adjacent Eastern hills North Manipur hills Sikkim Himalayas, endemic Sikkim Himalayas, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram Mizoram and Manipur Nagaland, hills Western Ghats. Western SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP WR Piper WR Piper WR Piper Pipali, Pipali, Indian long pepper WR Piper WR Piper WR Piper WR Piper WR Piper Black pepper Piper hymenophyllum Miq. Piper hymenophyllum Piper khasianum C.DC. Piper khasianum Piper laxivenum C.DC. Piper laxivenum Piper longum L. Piper makruense C.DC. Piper meeboldii C.DC. C.DC. C.DC. Piper muneyparensis Piper mungpooanum C.DC. Piper mungpooanum Piper nagense C.DC. Piper nigrum L. 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 255 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Used locally as Genetic spice; Resource Genetic resource Wild; resembles resembles Wild; Genetic longum; P. resource Genetic resource Wild; Jungli Pan- Pan- Jungli Wild; Leaf used as pan; Genetic resource Khasia - Jaintia hills Jaintia Khasia - Tripura and adjacent hills and adjacent Tripura Khasia-Jaintia hills Khasia-Jaintia Eastern Himalayas, North- Eastern Himalayas, Eastern Region Sikkim Himalayas and Manipur Sikkim Himalayas hills Southern W.Ghats, endemic W.Ghats, Southern Eastern Himalayas, Western Western Eastern Himalayas, Ghats Southern W.Ghats Southern Gangetic plains eastern India and North Sikkim Himalayas Eastern Gangetic plains Eastern Region, Himalayas, North- SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP WR Piper WR Piper WR Piper WR Piper WR Piper WR Piper WR Piper WR Piper Nilgiri pepper WR Piper WR Piper WR.Piper WR Piper Piper oldhamii C.DC. Piper oldhamii Piper ovatistigmum C.DC. Piper ovatistigmum Piper parvilimbus C.DC. Piper peepuloides Roxb. Piper phalagense C.DC. Piper pykarahense C.DC. Piper pykarahense Piper schmidtii Hook.f. Piper silentvalleyensis Piper silentvalleyensis Nair & R. M.K. Ravindran, N. P. Ashokan Piper sylvaticum Roxb. Piper sylvaticum Piper tenuibracteatum C.DC. Piper tenuibracteatum Piper thomsonii Hook. 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200 1201 1202 1203 1204 1205 1206 256 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild ; fragrant ; Wild Genetic spikes; resource Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Cultivated Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Introduced and Introduced Naturalized Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Western Ghats Western Eastern Himalayas, North-eastern Himalayas, Eastern Gangetic plains Region, Himachal Pradesh Himalayas Himalayas from Kumaun Indus to Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Asia of Central native Kashmir, Punjab Many partsMany of India In dry /tropical regions all over In dry regions all over /tropical India Gujarat Indo- gangetic plains SP SP FR FR FR /FO FR VE/GL AF/FR MP FO WR Piper WR Piper Kakra, Kakri, Kakri, Kakra, Kangar Kakra, Kakra, Pistachio Garden Pea; Pea; Garden Pea Green Vilayati Vilayati babul Isabgol Kentucky Kentucky Bluegrass Piper trichostachyon DC. Piper wallichii (Miq.) Hand.-Mazz. Pistacia atlantica Desf. Stewart Pistacia integerrima J. syn Pistacia chinensis Bunge Stewart) integerrima (J. subsp. f. Rech. Pistacia khinjuk Stocks Pistacia vera L. Pistacia vera Pisum sativum L. Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.)Benth. Plantago ovata Forsk. Plantago ovata Poa pratensis L. Poa pratensis 1207 1208 1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 257 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Fruits edible, Fruits edible, medicinal. rhizome CITES Listed in Introduced and Introduced for cultivated essential oil Trees with fragrant Trees Timber flowers, Cultivated Wild relative Wild Wild and Wild Cultivated Introduced Introduced Native and Native Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated, weedy weedy Cultivated, Temperate and Alpine Himalayas and Temperate Tropical Himalayan region Himalayan Tropical Southern western Ghats Many partsMany India of Khsia hills; 800-900m Khsia hills; Lower Gangetic and Assam plains Assam and Gangetic Lower & southernpeninsular India Grown Grown in Field gene banks as stock for Citrus root Throughout India Throughout Gangetic delta region Many partsMany of India MP MP AF OR OR FR AF/ OS WR VE Himalayan Himalayan Apple May Patchouli WR Ashoka WR Ashoka WR Ashoka WR WR Ashoka WR Trifoliate Trifoliate Orange Pongam tree tree Pongam (Karanj) WR Rice Common purslane Royle, Royle, hexandrum Podophyllum ex emodii Wall. Podophyllum syn. Honigberger Pogostemon cablin cablin Pogostemon Pellet patchouly P. syn. Benth. Polyalthia fragrans (Dalz.) Bedd fragrans Polyalthia (Sonn.) Hook. (Sonn.) Hook. longifolia Polyalthia Thomson f.& Polyalthia meghalayensis meghalayensis Polyalthia Prakash & Mehrotra Polyalthia suberosa (Roxb.) Polyalthia Thwaites Poncirus trifoliata Rafin Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre (Roxb.) Tateoka Porteresia coarctata (Roxb.) Portulaca L. oleracea 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 258 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Native and Native Cultivated Introduced and Introduced Naturalized Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Cultivated Wild, Genetic Wild, Cold resource, tolerant Arid as semi arid as well zone Arid as semi arid as well zone North-EasternRegion Temperate India Temperate Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh Kashmir, valley) (Kullu Eastern Himalayan region Eastern Himalayan Eastern Himalayan region Eastern Himalayan Himalayas, North-East India & North-EastIndia Himalayas, Nadu Tamil North West Himalays West North Temperate Temperate Himalayas eastwards upto 3600 m Assam, to FO/ AF FO/ AF FR FR FR FR FR FR FR FR Khejri Mesquite; Mesquite; Vilayati Babul Prunus Apricot Sweet Sweet Cherry Wild Cherry Wild Sour Cherry/ Wild Himalayan Cherry Sour Cherry Himalayan Himalayan CherryBird Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce. (Sw.) DC. (Sw.) Prosopis juliflora Prunus arborea Blume Prunus armeniaca L. Prunus avium L. Prunus bracteopadus Koehne Prunus bracteopadus Prunus carmesiana Hara Don D. Prunus cerasoides L. Prunus cerasus ( Wall.ex Royle) Royle) Wall.ex Prunus cornuta ( Steud. 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 259 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Wild; Genetic Wild; resource Wild and Wild Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Northwest & West Himalayas, at Himalayas, West Northwest & 2300 m Northwest Himalayas Northwest Sikkim Eastern Himalayan region Eastern Himalayan Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Uttarakhand Punjab, Kashmir, Upper Assam Pradesh and Andhra Temperate Himalayas and North- and Himalayas Temperate east India Eastern Himalayas Western Himalayas Western E. Himalayas Himalayas E. Bengal ) West (Sikkim & FR FR FR FR FR FR FR FR FR FR European European plum Almond Himalayan Himalayan Cherry Wild Wild cherries Flowering Flowering almond WR Peach WR Peach Peach Mountain cherry WR Peach Prunus domestica L. Prunus domestica (Mill.) D A Webb. Webb. A (Mill.) D Prunus dulcis Batsch. Prunus amygdalus syn. Prunus himalaica Kitam. Prunus imanishii Kitam. Hook. f. Hook. Prunus jacquemontii Hook. f.& Prunus jenkinsii Hook. Thomson (Ser.) Steud. Prunus napaulensis (Ser.) Prunus persica (L.) Batsch Prunus prostrata Labill. Prunus prostrata Hook. f. Hook. Prunus rufa 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 260 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Wild; Genetic Genetic Wild; resource Wild Introduced and Introduced Naturalized Cultivated Introduced and Introduced Naturalized Genetic resource E. Himalayas E. North-western Himalayas North-western Himalayas -Ladakh). (Kashmir and Himalayas North-east India Western Himalayas, North- Himalayas, Western eastern Region Eastern Himalayas Southern Western Ghats (Kerala) Ghats Western Southern Many partsMany of India Southern Western Ghats Western Southern (Kerala) Western Himalayas, North- Himalayas, Western Eastern Deccan Indian peninsula. FR FR FR FR FR FR FR FR CC WR Peach Downy Downy Cherry WR Peach WR Peach WR Peach Srawberry Cherry Guava Guinea Guava Wild coffee Wild

Hook.f. Hook.f. Prunus rufa trichantha (Koehne)Hara var. Prunus tomentosa Thunb. Prunus tomentosa Buch.-Ham. Prunus undulata Buch.-Ham. Don, ex D. Dietr. D. acuminata(Wall.) P. syn. Prunus wallichii Steud. Prunus zippeliana Miq. Prunus zippeliana Psidium catlleianum Sabine L. Links L. Psidium guajava Psidium guinnense Sw. (Roxb. Psilanthus benghalensis (Roxb. Leroy ex Schult.) J.-F. Roxb. Coffea benghalensis syn : ex Schult 1247 1248 1249 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 261 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Genetic resource Cultivated Wild and Planted Wild Wood used for Wood making musical Listed instruments , on CITES Native and planted Native tree as avenue North Eastern India, Ghats Western Southrn W. Ghats W. Southrn Northern Western Plains Konkan Ghats & Subtropical parts of India Subtropical Peninsular India, Gangetic Plains India, Peninsular and Rajasthan Southern E.Ghats Hotter parts of India CC CC OC VE/ GL MP/FO AF/MP AF/OR Wild coffee Wild Wild coffee Wild Wild coffee Wild Winged Winged Bean Indian Kino Tree Red sandal wood Kanak- champa, Kaniar (Wall. ex (Wall. fragrans Psilanthus Hook.f.)J.-F.Leroy Wall. Coffea fragrans syn: ex.Hook.f. (Wight & (Wight Psilanthus travancorensis Leroy Arn.) J.-F. & Wight. Coffea travancorica syn. Arn. (Wight & (Wight Psilanthus wightianus Leroy Arn.) J.-F. & Coffea wightiana Wight syn: Arn. Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. Psophocarpus tetragonolobus Pterocarpus Roxb. marsupium Pterocarpus L.f. santalinus (L.) Willd. Pterospermum acerifolium (L.) 1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 1261 1262 262 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild and Wild cultivated Wild Wild Wild Wild and Wild cultivated Cultivated, also Cultivated, Western wild in Himalayas, 1200- between 1500 m Wild and Wild Cultivated Manipur, Sikkim Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Delhi, Delhi, Arunachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, Manipur, Maharashtra, Sikkim, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Bengal West N.E. Himalayas N.E. N.E.India, Myanmar, Thailand Myanmar, N.E.India, Subtropical Subtropical forests in most parts of India Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India VE FO VE VE Tuber, Tuber, Forage, Med- icine FR AF edible kudzu edible Kudzu vine Kudzu WR Indian Kudzu WR Kudzu Indian Kudzu, Nepalese Kudzu, Ghora bel Pome- granate Indian tree amulet Pueraria edulis Pamp. (Lour.) Merr. Merr. Pueraria montana (Lour.) R. M. thomsonii (Benth.) var. Almeida Ohwi syn Pueraria(Willd.) lobata (Benth.) Maesen thomsonii var. Pueraria Prain sikkimensis Kurz ex Prain Kurz Pueraria strobilifera (Willd.) DC. Pueraria (Willd.) tuberosa L. Punica granatum Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. roxburghii Putranjiva 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 263 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Genetic resource Genetic Wild and Wild Cultivated Introduced and Introduced as root grown stock Wild, Ornamental Wild, is useful and wood Wild, Ornamental Wild, is useful and wood Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Cultivated Cultivated West Himalayas West North-EastIndia Himalayas, Himalayas, to from North-eastern mountains. hills, Kashmir Khasi Khasi & Nilgiri hills. Sikkim and Assam Sikkim and Sikkim and Assam Sikkim and West Himalyas West Himlayas, Himlayas, Western and Eastern Ghats Western Himalayan region Himalayan Western Many partsMany of India FR FR FR FR F F AF/F FR/OR VE VE Pear WR Pear WR Pear Himalayan Himalayan Pear China -Birne Oak Oak Oak Mysore Mysore Raspberry Jointed Jointed charlock, raddish Wild Radish Pyrus communis L. Pyrus communis Pyrus khasiana Decne. Pyrus khasiana Buch. & Ham. & Ham. Buch. Pyrus pashia Don, D. ex. Pyrus kumaoni Decne syn. (Burm. f.) Nakai Pyrus pyrifolia(Burm. Quercus acutissima CarruthersQuercus acutissima Quercus lamellosa Sm. A. Camus Quercus leucotrichophora A. Thunb., Thunb., niveus Rubus lasiocarpus Rubus Sm. syn. L. Raphanus raphanistrum L. var. sativus var. Raphanus sativus L. 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 264 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild and Wild Listed , cultivated on CITES Wild and Wild listed , cultivated on CITES Wild Wild Wild Introduced ; ; Introduced used for culinary purpose Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, ornamental Wild, used and flowers of in preapration Squash Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Tropical and subtropical India India subtropical and Tropical North-eastIndia (Manipur) West Himalyas Himalyas West Himalayas from Nepal to from Himalayas Bhutan Khasi hills, West Bengal and West Khasi hills, Nilgiri Southern Western Western Southern Ghats ( Nilgiris) Temperate Himalayas Temperate Eastern Himalayas & West West & Eastern Himalayas (Uttarkhand) Himalyas MP OR MP MP VE OR F/ OR OR Sarpgandha/ Serpentina root Red Vanda Red Himalayan Himalayan rhubarb Rhapontic Rhodo- dendron Rhodo- dendron Rhodo- dendron serpentinaRauvolfia (L.) Benth. ex Kurz. Renanthera imschootiana Rolfe Renanthera Rheum australe D Don Rheum australe ex Miesn. Rheum emodi Wall. syn. Hook. f. & f. Rheum nobile Hook. Thomson L. Rheum raphonticum Rhododendron arboreum Sm. Tagg nilgiricum (Zenker) subsp. Rhododendron arboreum Sm. arboreum subsp. Wall. Rhododendron barbatum Don ex G. 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 265 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild Wild Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Eastern Himalayas Eastern Himalayas Eastern Himalayas Naga and Manipur hills Naga and Manipur Eastern Himalayas ( Arunachal Pradesh) Eastern Himalayas Eastern Himalayas North- East India (Meghalaya & (Meghalaya India East North- Manipur) Eastern Himalayas Manipur and Mizoram (Lushai hills) OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR Rhodo- dendron Rhodo- dendron Rhodo- dendron Rhodo- dendron Rhodo- dendron Rhodo- dendron Rhodo- dendron Rhodo- dendron Rhodo- dendron

D. Don D. campanulatum Rhododendron Rhododendron cinnamoneum Wall. cinnamoneum Rhododendron Hutch. Hutch. Rhododendron concinnoides & Kingdon Watt Watt Rhododendron elliottii (Nuttall) exiimium (Nuttall) subsp. Chamberlain Hook. Rhododendron falconeri Hook. (Nuttall) falconeri (Nuttall) subsp. Chamberlain Hook. Rhododendron falconeri Hook. Rhododendron formosum Wall. Rhododendron grande Wight Rhododendron grande Watt Rhododendron johnstoneanum Watt ex Hutch. 1288 1289 1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 266 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild Wild Wild Wild and Wild cultivated Wild Wild Wild Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Manipur Manipur and Naga hills Manipur Manipur Eastern Himalayas Tropical and subtropical India and subtropical Tropical Eastern Himalayas North Bengal, Sikkim, and Sikkim, North Bengal, Assam Eastern Himalayas Eastern Himalayas Eastern Himalayas OR OR OR OR FR OR ME OR OR OR

Rhodo- dendron Rhodo- dendron Rhodo- dendron Chinese Gall Rhodo- dendron WR Wax Wax WR tree Rhodo- dendron Rhodo- dendron Rhodo- dendron Rhodo- dendron Watt Watt macabeanum Rhododendron ex Balf.f Cowan Cowan Rhododendron wattii Rhododendron milagiricumRhododendron Zerk. Rhus chinensis Mill. SastryRhododendron santapaui Rhus griffithii Hook.f. Rhododendron subansiriense Chamberlain Hook. f. Hook. Rhododendron thomsonii Hook. f. Rhododendron triflorum Hook. Hook.f. Rhododendron triflorum Hook.f. bauhiniflorum var. ex Hutch.) Cullen (Watt 1306 1313 1307 1314 1308 1315 1309 1310 1311 1312 267 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild , Genetic Genetic , Wild resource Wild and Wild Cultivated Cultivated and Cultivated Naturalized Introduced Introduced Wild, Fruit edible Wild, Assam hills between 600-2500m between Assam hills Throughout plains and hills of to 1500 m India up Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Gujarat, Bihar, Pradesh, Andhra Maharashtra, Pradesh, Madhya Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan, Orissa, Throughout Throughout palins of India and to 1200 m up the Himalayas Peninsular India & N.E. India India & N.E. Peninsular Eastern Himalayan region Eastern Himalayan North West and West North east Himalayas North- West Himalayas West North- Throughout tropical and tropical Throughout parts of India subtropical West Himalyas, Rajasthan and Himalyas, West Nadu Tamil North-eastern Region FR FO FO FO FR FR FR FR OR/FO OR Wax tree tree Wax Junglee Sem Junglee Baunhran, Baunhran, Mashparui Black Currant WR Black Currant Black Currant Castor Black locust Wild tea Wild rose Rhus succedanea L. Rhus succedanea (Willd.) DC. aurea (Willd.) Rhynchosia Baker bracteata Rhynchosia Rhynchosia minima Rhynchosia (L.) DC. (Willd.) DC. (Willd.) rufescens Rhynchosia & G.Don Wall. Ribes acuminatum Ribes glaciale Wall. Ribes nigrum L. Ricinus communis L. Ricinus communis Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Andrews) Sweet, Sweet, (Andrews) Rosa odorata Rosa gigantea Collett syn. ex Crép. 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 268 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Grown as hedge Grown Wild , Genetic , Wild resource Introduced, Introduced, cultivated Sometimes cultivated Wild; Wild; Geneticresource Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Cultivated Naturalized in U.P. Naturalized in U.P. Assam and Naturalized Western Western Himalayas, Himalayas Eastern Western Himalayas Western Many partsMany of India Western Himalayas Western Milan Glacier-Ghori valley Uttarkhand. in Kumaon, North-eastern Region West and East Himalayas at 1200- at Himalayas East and West 3600 m Western Himalayas Western Eastern Himalayas Nothovariety in N.E India in N.E Nothovariety OR OR OR/MP OR OR OR OR OR OR/MP OR Rose Rose Damask rose Damask Rose WR Rose WR Rose WR Rose / Ban gulab Musk Rose Japanese Japanese Rose Manipur Rose Wild Lindl. subsp. sericea subsp. Lindl. Collett ex Crép. ex Collett gigantea Rosa Rosa clinophylla ThoryRosa clinophylla Rosa damascena Mill. Rosa damascena Herrm. Rosa foetida Herrm. f. eglanteria Hook. R. syn. Rosa hirsuta Chabi Gora et Panigr. Rosa longicuspis Bertol. Lindl. Lindl. Rosa macrophylla Rosa moschata Herrm. Rosa multiflora Thunb. Rosa multiflora (Andrews) Sweet Sweet (Andrews) Rosa odorata (Collett ex gigantea nothovar. Wilson H. Rehder & E. Crép.) syn 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1332 1333 1334 1335 1336 269 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild Wild; Genetic Wild; Resource Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Introduced Introduced Wild,Genetic Wild,Genetic resource Many partsMany of India N.W.Himalayas. Himalayas, Himalayas, North-east and Eastern Ghats Western India, Sikkim Eastern Himalayan region Eastern Himalayan Eastern Arunachal Pradesh Himalayan region, Eastern Himalayan region Eastern Himalayan Himalayan region Himalayan Himalayan region Himalayan Hilly areas Hilly areas to Himalayas W. E.Himalayas Central and Western Himalayas Western Central and MP OR OR OR FR FR FR FR FR FR FR Indian madder Himalyan Himalyan Yellow Raspberry Raspberry Raspberry Raspberry Raspberry Raspberry Europian Europian red raspberry WR Raspberry, Hisalu Rubia cordifolia L. Rubia cordifolia Hook.f. Rubia edgeworthii Hook.f. ellipticus Sm. Rubus Rubus fockeanusRubus Kurz fragarioides (Michx.) Dum. Rubus Cours. Joseph et ghanakantus Joseph Rubus Rolla Rao Rubus griffithiiRubus Hook.f. Rubus hypargyrus Edgew. hypargyrus Rubus Edgew. var. var. Edgew. hypargyrus Rubus Hara H. niveus L. idaeus L. Rubus kumaonensis BalakrishnanRubus Rubus lanatus Wall. Rubus 1337 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1343 1344 1345 1346 1347 270 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Wild, medicine resource, for fistula Wild Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Cultivated Naturalized Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Sikkim and Assam, Assam, Sikkim and m upto 1800-2700 Andaman & Nicobar Isalnds Andaman Western Himalayan region Himalayan Western Temp Himalayan region Himalayan Temp Western Himalayas, Himalayas, Western Upto 2100 m Temp. Himalayas Temp. E. Himalayas E. Eastern Himalayan region Eastern Himalayan E. Himalayas Himalayas E. Sikkim Himalayas FR/OR FR FR FR FR FR/OR FR FR FR FR WR Raspberry WR Raspberry Raspberry WR Raspberry Raspberry Mauritius Raspberry Himalayan Himalayan Blackberry Raspberry Sikkim Raspberry Wild Wild Raspberry

Reinw. ex Blume ex lineatus Reinw. Rubus Rubus moluccanus L. moluccanus Rubus (Hook. f.) Kuntze Kuntze f.) nepalensis (Hook. Rubus Hara nutantiflorus H. syn Rubus Rubus paniculatus Sm. Rubus Wiehe & Nees plicatus Wiehe Rubus fruticosus L. Rubus syn. Rubus rosifolius Sm. Rubus Rubus rugosus Sm. Rubus Rubus senchalensisRubus Hara Hook.f. sikkimensis Hook.f. Rubus sikkimensis var. Rubus wardii Merr. wardii Rubus 1348 1349 1350 1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 271 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild and Wild cultivated Wild Wild Wild Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Cultivated Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Western Himalayas from from Himalayas Western to Kashmir Kumaun Eastern Himalayas and Sikkim and Sikkim Eastern Himalayas and in Nilgiris hills & Palni Western Himalayas from from Himalayas Western to Kashmir Kumaun Throughout India Throughout Sikkim & North-Eastern hill region Gangetic plains Gangetic plains North East India VE VE VE VE CC CC CC WR Bladder dock, Garden Sorrel Bladder Sheep dock, Sorrel Bladder dock, Patience dock Bladder dock Sweetcane/ Sweetcane/ Ramsar Indian Sugarcane WR / Sugarcane Munj WR Sugarcane Rumex acetosa L. Rumex acetosa Rumex acetosella L. Rumex patientia L. Rumex vesicarius L. Retz. Saccharum Retz. arundinaceum Jeswiet Saccharum barberi Jeswiet Saccharum bengalense Retz. Saccharum Balansa fallax (Balansa) Bor syn Narenga fallax 1358 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 1364 1365 272 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild Wild Wild Cultivated Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resousrce Wild Wild Along river banks Along river North-Western Himalayas, Himalayas, North-Western m 1500-2500 Eastern Himalayas, Sikkim, U.P. U.P. Sikkim, Eastern Himalayas, hills. Upper Gangetic plains Upper Gangetic Indo-Gangetic Plains and South Indo-Gangetic Plains India Peninsular North Eastern hills W. Himalayas, Punjab, Upper Punjab, Himalayas, W. Gangetic plains and extends Mediterranean to the westwards Arunachal Pradesh, Jammu and and Jammu Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh Sikkim, Eastern Himalayas; Sikkim. Eastern Himalayas; WR CC FO CC CC CC WR CC WR Sugarcane WR Sugarcane Kans Sugarcane Sugarcane Italian sugarcane, plume grass, Ravenna grass WR Sugarcane WR Sugarcane

Nees ex Steud. Saccharum Steud. Nees ex filifolium filifolius Erianthus syn.: (Nees ex Steud.) Jacks. (Nees ex Saccharum longisetosum ex Bor Naray. V. (Andersson) Saccharum narenga ex Hack. Wall. (Nees ex Steud.) L. Saccharum officinarum L. Saccharum procerum Roxb. Saccharum ravennae (L.) L. Saccharum ravennae Steud. Saccharum rufipilum Steud. Saccharum sikkimenses Hook f. 1366 1367 1368 1369 1370 1371 1372 1373 273 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild and Wild Genetic Cultivated, Water resource; habitat logged Wild Wild Wild and Wild Wood Cultivated; for cricket bat making Wood for cricket Wood bat making Wood for cricket Wood bat making Wood for cricket Wood bat making Wild Wild and Wild cultivated North/North-western plains, in south down tarai and Assam Terai Terai regions of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Nepal Himalayan region Himalayan Sikkim Sikkim Himalayan region Himalayan Western Rajasthan Western Semi-arid zone CC CC CC AF AF AF AF AF AF WR Sugarcane WR Sugarcane WR Sugarcane White Willow Willow Willow Willow Salt bush Salt bush Saccharum L. spontaneum Saccharum wardii (Bor) Bor Saccharum wardii Saccharum williamsii (Bor) Bor Salix alba L. Salix radinostachya Schneider Salix radinostachya Salix stomatophora FloderusSalix stomatophora Salix wallichiana Anderss. Royle, indica Royle, Salvadora oleoides Decne* S. syn. Salvadora oleoides Decae Salvadora 1374 1375 1376 1377 1378 1379 1380 1381 1382 274 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild and Wild Cultivated; Wild and Wild Cultivated Introduced Introduced and Introduced Naturalized Wild & Cultivated Wild Wild and Wild Cultivated; to Introduced other parts of India Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated; Main ingredient in shampoos, of source anticontraceptive compounds Dry and Arid regionDry India of and Temperate Temperate Himalayas to Kumaun Kashmir from Jammu and Kashmir Jammu South Andamans South Occurring wild or as an escape from cultivation on the eastern coast of to India W.Bengal from in the South Nadu Tamil Dry forests of Southern peninsular peninsular Southern of forests Dry India Southern India peninsular Subtropical Himalayas Subtropical AF OR OR FR/AF MP/AP FR FR Toothbrush Toothbrush tree Salvia Salvia Sentol Indian bowstring- hemp Sandal Soap nut Soap nut/ Soap nut/ Reetha Salvadora persica L. Salvadora Wall. Wall. Salvia moorcroftiana ex Benth. Salvia officinalis L. (Burm. f.) Sandoricum koetjape (Burm. Merrill, Cav. S.indicum syn. Schult. & Schult. Sansevieria roxburghiana f. Schult. Santalum album L. Santalum album Sapindus emarginatus Vahl Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.Sapindus mukorossi 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 275 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Wild and also Wild in home grown gardens Wild and Wild Listed cultivated; on CITES Wild Wild Wild Wild Peninsular India Peninsular Tropical Tropical and subtropical India, Andaman islands and Tropical Tropical and subtropical India, Andaman islands and Kashmir Tropical and subtropical India and subtropical Tropical Northwest Himalayas Northwest Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal & Kashmir, Jammu in Uttarkhand Pradesh, N.W.Himalaya. Western Himalayas Western Sikkim Himalayas West Himalyas West AF MP OR/MP SP VG MP MP MP MP MP Soap nut/ Trifoliate soapberry Ashok tree Askok Winter Winter savory Star gooseberry/ Katuk Kuth Kuth Katuk Saussurea Saussurea Saussurea L. trifoliatusSapindus L. laurifolius Vahl. syn. S. (Roxb.) Willd. Willd. asoca (Roxb.) Saraca Saraca indica L. Saraca L. Satureja montana Merril. Merril. Sauropus androgynus albicans Blume S. syn. (Falc.) Lipsch., Lipsch., Saussurea costus (Falc.) Clarke C.B. lappa (Decne.) S. syn. C.B.Clarke Saussurea atkinsonii C.B.Clarke Saussurea clarkei Hook.f. Saussurea forrestii Diels Saussurea gnaphaloides Bip Sch. ex DC.) (Royle 1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400 276 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild Wild Wild Wild Cultivated Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild Wild Introduced & Introduced Naturalized West & East Himalyas (Sikkim) East Himalyas & West Nagaland West & East Himalyas (Sikkim) East Himalyas & West Gangetic plains, Kashmir, Assam, Assam, Gangetic Kashmir, plains, hills, Garo and Jaintia Khasi, the in Arunachal Pradesh, especially in the moist regions North-west Himalayas North-west North-east india Peninsular and Souhern Many partsMany of India Tropical and subtropical and subtropical Tropical India forests Andaman & Nicobar islands Native of tropical America of tropical Native MP MP MP FO CE VE FO FR FR MP Saussurea Saussurea Saussurea Rye Chayote/ Chayote/ chow Chow Rattail Grass Marking nut Marking nut tree American Senna Saussurea gossipiphora D Don gossipiphora Saussurea C.E.C.Fischer nagensis C.E.C.Fischer Saussurea (DC.) Sch. Bip Sch. (DC.) obvallata Saussurea (Roxb.) A. A. fusca (Roxb.) Sclerostachya Camus Secale cereale L. (Jacq.) Swartz. Sechium edule (Jacq.) (Rottle.) Stapf Sehima nervosum (Rottle.) L.f. Semecarpus L.f. anacardium Engl. Semecarpus kurzii Engl. Senna alata (L.) Roxb Cassia alata L syn. 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409 1410 277 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Cultivated Introduced Cultivated Wild Wild Genetic resource Genetic resource Many partsMany of India Plains and waste lands Plains and waste India throughout Many partsMany India of North-west and central India and central India North-west coasts and east and west North-west and Peninsular India and Peninsular North-west North West Himalayas Himalayas West North Southern parts of Deccan peninsula. Andhra Pradesh MP AF AF AF AF AF OS OS Indian Senna Tanners' Tanners' Cassia Vetches Italian Senna Sickle Pod Pepper- Senna leaved WR Sesame WR Sesame

L. L. Cassia senna syn. Delile; Cassia acutifolia syn. Vahl; Cassia angustifolia Batka Vahl.) ( Senna angustifolia Senna alexandrina Mill. (L.) Roxb. Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. Cassia auriculata L. syn. Senna hirsuta (L.) Irwin & Barneby, H.S. Cassia hirsuta L. syn. Mill. Senna italica Mill. italica subsp. Cassia italica L. syn. Senna obtusifolia ( L.) Irwin & Barneby H.S. L. Cassia obtusifolia syn. (L.) Roxb. (L.) Roxb. Senna sophera L. Cassia sophera syn. Sesamum laciniatum Willd. Sesamum Sesamum alatum Thonn. Sesamum 1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418 278 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated, also Cultivated, semi-wild Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Genetic resource Genetic resource Wild, weedy Wild, Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild, Fodder Fodder Wild, Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild Plains of many parts many Plains of India of Malabar regionMalabar Western Western from Ghats Dakshin Kanyakumari extending Kannada to Andhra Pradesh & Tamil Nadu Tamil & Andhra Pradesh Southern peninsular India Tropical and sub-tropical parts of parts sub-tropical and Tropical India Gangetic Plains and E.India Orissa, Kathiawar region Kathiawar Tropical and Tropical subtropical regions of India Many partsMany of India in plains Throughout India Throughout OS OS OS OS OS AF/FO AF/FO/ GUM AF VG/MP AF/FO FO Sesame WR Sesame WR Sesame WR Sesame WR Sesame Prickly Sesban Prickly Sesbania/ Dhaincha Sesbania Sesbania; Sesbania; Agasti Sesbania Pigeon or Bottle Grass L. L. indicum Sesamum orientale L. S. syn. L. malabaricumSesamum L. Sesamum mulayanum Nair. mulayanum Sesamum Sesamum prostratum Retz. prostratum Sesamum Schumach. & & Schumach. radiatum Sesamum Thonn. (Jacq.)W. Wight (Jacq.)W. Sesbania bispinosa Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Pers. Sesbania concolor Gillett Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. Sesbania grandiflora Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. (L.) P. Beauv. Setaria glauca (L.) P. 1419 1420 1421 1422 1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 279 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Weedy , Genetic Genetic , Weedy resource Cultivated Damp, shady Damp, habitats bordering Gentic forests, resource More in humid More Genetic areas, resource Genetic resource Wild Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Many partsMany of India North-eastern India Arid and semi arid zones Many partsMany India of Many partsMany India of North Western Himalayas, Upto Himalayas, Western North 3300 m Moist places throughout tropical tropical Moist places throughout India and Nepal and subtropical Rajasthan, Gujarat Rajasthan, ML ML FO ML ML ML MP OS Foxtail Foxtail millet WR Foxtail WR Foxtail millet African bristle grass WR Foxtail WR Foxtail millet WR Foxtail WR Foxtail millet WR Foxtail WR Foxtail millet Country- mallow, flannelweed, heart-leaf sida Jojoba Setaria (L.) Beauv italica Setaria-fusca Sch. pallide Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Hubb. E. Stapf & C. sphacelata var. Setaria tomentosa Roxb. Setaria verticillata L. Setaria viridis L. Sida cordifolia L. Sida cordifolia (Link) C. K. K. Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C. Schneid. 1430 1431 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 280 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Wild Wild & Wild Cultivataed Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Probably Probably Naturalized, Genetic resource Genetic Resource Wild Wild Introduced from from Introduced America and Cultivated Cultivated North Western Himalayas Western North Running Running wild in places damp and waste Assam in Kerala and Eastern Himalayas, North Eastern North Himalayas, Eastern Region Throughout Throughout the tropical subtropical and India Andamans and the South Peninsular India South Peninsular Lower hills of the Western Western of the hills Lower ranges & Shiwalik Himalayas North-eastern Region Gangetic delta region Peninsular India Peninsular Many partsMany of India OS WR Brinjal VE/ W VE/ VE OR MP/ W MP/ VE/ W VE/ VE VE VE

White mustard Dutch eggplant, love-apple WR Brinjal Big eggplant, potato- tree, WR/Brinjal WR Brinjal WR Brinjal WR Brinjal Brinjal Nipple Brinjal Brinjal Sinapsis alba L. Sinapsis alba Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. aculeatissimum Solanum Solanum bracteatum Thunb. Solanum bracteatum D. Don Solanum erianthum D. Solanum giganteum Jacq. Solanum giganteum Solanum incanum L. Solanum kurzii Brace ex Prain Solanum lasiocarpumDunal L. Solanum indicum syn. Solanum mammosum L. Solanum melongena L. 1438 1439 1440 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 281 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Antiseptic Antiseptic properties Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Naturalized, Naturalized, Genetic resource Wild , Genetic Genetic , Wild resource Naturalized, Naturalized, Genetic resource Cultivated Naturalized, Naturalized, Genetic resource Common in sourthern and eastern parts, Genetic resource Punjab, Kumaun hills, hills, Kumaun Punjab, and Saurashtra Rajasthan (Gujarat) Many partsMany of India Deccan peninsula Kaithiawar North East India North East India Throughtout Indian tropics Throughtout Many partsMany of India Subtropical Subtropical regions in parts of India several Throughout tropical India tropical Throughout VE VE/ W/ W/ VE/ MP MP VE MP VE/ W/ VE/ MP VE VE/ W/ VE/ MP VE/ MP Brinjal Nightshade WR Brinjal WR Brinjal Sticky Nightshade WR Brinjal Brinjal Nightshade Potato Tropical Tropical soda-apple Khasi-kateri WR Brinjal/ Indian Nightshade L. melongena L. Solanum incanum Kuntze var. Solanum nigrum L. Solanum Solanum pubescens Ruiz & Pav. Solanum pubescens Solanum purpureilineatum Sabnis & Bhatt Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. Roxb. Solanum spirale Solanum torvum Sw. Solanum tuberosum L. Solanum viarum Dunal Solanum violaceum Ortega. 1448 1449 1450 1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1456 1457 282 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild, Genetic Wild, resource and Wild Cultivated Wild Wild Wild Wild Wild Cultivated Common throughout India throughout Common region Eastern Himalayan Western temperate Himalayas temperate Himalayas Western Kashmir to Kumaun from Eastern Himalayan region Eastern Himalayan Temperate Himalayas from from Himalayas Temperate Kashmir to Kumaun Himalayan region, Assam region, Himalayan Himalayan region Himalayan Many partsMany of India VG/MP VE FR FR FR FR ML WR Brinjal/ Fruit Yellow Nightshade European European mountain- ash, quickbeam, rowan, rowan-berry doda Sorbus Sorbus Sorghum L. , , virginianum L. Solanum f., Burm. surattense Solanum syn. & xanthocarpumSolanum Schard. Wendl. H. Lour. Lour. Solena heterophylla (Lour.) syn Melothria heterophylla Cogn. aucupariaSorbus L. Sorbus himalaica GabrielianSorbus Schauer Don) lanata (D. Sorbus Sorbus microphylla Wenz. microphylla Sorbus (Wall. ex G. Don) ex G. (Wall. vestita Sorbus Lodd. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench bicolor subsp. 1458 1459 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 283 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Weedy, Genetic Genetic Weedy, resource Genetic resource Weedy, Genetic Weedy, resource Genetic resource Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild Many partsMany of India Maharashtra, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa, Punjab and parts of Deccan Many partsMany India of Malwa Malwa Plateau highlands region & Tirunelveli in Palaymkottai Central Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India E. Himalayas, North India East Himalayas, E. Ml/FO FO ML/FO CE ML VE FR/AF MP WR Sorghum/ Sudan grass WR Sorghum WR Sorghum/ Johnson grass WR Sorghum Sorghum Spinach Common plum hog (L.) Moench bicolor (L.) Moench Sorghum de (Steud.) drummondii subsp. ex Davidse Wet Sorghum cernuumSorghum Host Koern. yemense var. Bor Sorghum deccanense (L.) Pers. (L.) Pers. Sorghum halepense (Vahl) Pers. Sorghum nitidum (Vahl) Sorghum stapfii (Hook.f.) C.E.C.Fisch. Spinacia oleracea Murr. Spinacia oleracea Spondias pinnata (L.) Kurz. Stahlianthus involucratus (King ex Stahlianthus involucratus Craib ex Loes. Baker) King syn Kaempferia involucrata ex Baker 1466 1467 1468 1469 1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 284 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild Wild Wild and Wild cultivated Wild, Deciduous Deciduous Wild, forests Introduced and Introduced cultivated Introduced Introduced and Introduced cultivated Introduced Wild and Wild cultivated Introduced and Introduced Timber cultivated, valuable Southern Western Ghats - Western Southern Tamil and Kerala Karnataka, Nadu Khasia –Jaintia hills Khasia –Jaintia Tropical India, more common in more India, Tropical India Southern Peninsular West Bengal, Peninsular India Peninsular Bengal, West Assam, West West Bengal, Assam, Kerala and Nadu Tamil Many partsMany of India Kerala and Tamil Nadu Tamil and Kerala Southern Peninsular India Southern Peninsular Himalayas Esatern India FO MP MP MP FO FO FO FO MP AF Nuxvomica Clearing Tree Nut Stylo, Stylo, Brazilian lucerne, Stylo Townsville Townsville Lucerne Stylo Chirayita Bara Mahagony Stenotaphrum dimidiatum (L.) Stenotaphrum Brongn. Sterculia khasiana DebbermanSterculia Strychnos L. nux-vomica L. f. Strychnos potatorum L. (Aubl.) Sw. (Aubl.) Stylosanthes guianensis (L.) Taub. Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Stylosanthes humilis Kunth Stylosanthes scabra Vogel Stylosanthes scabra (Roxb.) H. Karst. H. (Roxb.) Swertia chirayita Swietenia macrophylla King Swietenia macrophylla 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482 1483 1484 285 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Introduced and Introduced Timber ; Cutivated valuable Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Cultivated Wild , Genetic Genetic , Wild resource Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Cultivated Wild , Genetic , Wild resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild and Wild Cultivated Warmer regions of India Warmer Eastern Ghats Andaman islands Tropical India Tropical Malabar region Western Ghats Western Southern Peninsular India Southern Peninsular Eastern Ghats, Western Ghats Western Eastern Ghats, Andaman & Lakshadweep Andaman & Lakshadweep Islands Many parts of India, Up to 1800 partsMany of India, m AF FR/ W FR/ FR FR SP FR/ W FR/ FR FR/ W FR/ FR/ W FR/ FR Mahogany WR Java WR Java plum WR Java WR Java plum Watery rose rose Watery apple WR Clove WR Java WR Java plum Clove Clove WR Java WR Java plum WR Java WR Java plum Java plum/ Java Jambolan/ Jamun Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. Swietenia (Wight) Walp. alternifoliumSyzygium (Wight) (King) Syzygium andamanicum Balakr. (Burm. f.) Alston f.) (Burm. Syzygium aqueum Syzygium argentea Bedd. Syzygium argentea (Wight) Walp. Walp. Syzygium arnottianum (Wight) Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Perry M. & L. Merr. (Willd.) Raizada (Willd.) Syzygium bracteatum (Roxb.) Wall Wall Syzygium claviflorum (Roxb.) & Cowan ex Cowan (L.) Skeels, Syzygium cuminii (L.) Skeels, (Lam.) Syzigium jambolanum syn. DC. 1485 1486 1487 1488 1489 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 286 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Western Himalayas Western Gangetic Gangetic plains, Eastern Ghats, Ghats Western Western Himalayas, Eastern Himalayas, Western Ghats Western Ghats, Island eco-region Andman & Lakshadweep Islands Andman & Lakshadweep Malabar region Konkan & Central W.Ghats & Central Konkan Eastern Ghats FR/ W FR/ FR FR FR FR/ W FR/ SP FR FR WR Java WR Java plum WR Java WR Java plum WR Java WR Java plum/ Malabar Plum WR Java WR Java plum WR Java WR Java plum WR Java WR Java plum WR Java WR Java plum WR Java WR Java plum Syzygium gardneriSyzygium Thw. Syzygium heyneanum Wall. Syzygium (L.) Alston (L.) Syzygium jambos Syzygium manii (King) Balakr. (Wight) Walp. (Wight) Syzygium polyanthum Syzygium singampattiana Bedd. (Talbot) Syzygium utilis (Talbot) & Nair Rathakr. Syzygium zeylanicum L. Syzygium zeylanicum 1495 1496 1497 1498 1499 1500 1501 1502 287 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Cultivated Introduced, Introduced, garden Cultivated, plant & cut flowers Introduced, Introduced, garden Cultivated, plant & cut flowers Introduced, Introduced, Cultivated Cultivated and Cultivated Naturalized Cultivated Cultivated Wild, Listed on Wild, CITES Hilly tracts the covering entire almost Deccan extending into Madhya Pradesh peninsula, and Bihar Many partsMany India of Many partsMany India of Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India in plains & sub-Himalayas North -West Himalaya Himalaya North -West West and East Himalayas, and East Himalayas, West North-east India OR OR OR OR FR/AF OR MP East Indian East Indian arrowroot, Fiji arrowroot, Polynesian arrowroot, Tahiti arrowroot African Marigold Mexican Marigold French French Marigold Tamarind Common yew Himalyan Himalyan Ye w Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze leontopetaloides Tacca Tagetes erecta L. Tagetes Tagetes minuta L. Tagetes Tagetes patula L. Tagetes Tamarindus indica L. Tamarindus Taxus baccata L. Taxus Zucc. wallichiana Zucc. Taxus wallichiana var. 1503 1504 1505 1506 1507 1508 1509 288 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild and Wild Cultivated Cultivated manure Green Wild and Wild cultivated Wild and Wild Culitvated Wild Wild Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Western and Central India and Central Western Many partsMany of India Kaithiawar Many partsMany India of Many partsMany India of Most parts of India Many partsMany of India Tropical and subtropical India and subtropical Tropical Many partsMany of India AF AF FO FO AF OR MP/AF FR/AF MP/AF Rajasthan Rajasthan Teak Teak Purple Tephrosia Sain Arjun, Arjun, kahua, kumbuk, white murdh Baheda, Baheda, Belliric myrobalan Indian Almond Harda, Harda, Chebullic myrobalan

Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem. undulata Tecomella Tectona grandis L. grandis Tectona Tephrosia jamnagarensis Santapau jamnagarensis Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. Tephrosia Herb. Madr. Madr. alata Herb. Terminalia Wall ex (Roxb. ex DC.) ex DC.) arjuna (Roxb. Terminalia Arn. & Wight (Gaertn.) Roxb. bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Terminalia Terminalia catappa L. Terminalia Terminalia chebula Retz. Terminalia 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 289 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild Introduced/ cultivated Wild Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Introduced Introduced Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Many partsMany of India Tropical Tropical semi- evergreen tropical and moist deciduous forests & Eastern Ghats Western of the Shillong Hills of Bengal and Eastern & Western Western Eastern & India N.E. Ghats, Tropical and Subtropical India and Subtropical Tropical Many partsMany of India Tripura Subtropical Subtropical forests and scrubs of India Peninsular Lower Lower Himalayas to Southern India Peninsular MP/AF MP/AF VE FR FR MP CC MP SP Asna, Asna, Indian-laurel Flowering Flowering Murdah New Zealand Spinach WR Grape Cocoa Ban kapas Bamboo Amrita/ Gulancha Ajmud Willd. Willd. elliptica Terminalia Wight tomentosa syn Terminalia Arn. & Terminalia paniculata Roth paniculata Terminalia Kuntze (Pall.) tetragonioides Tetragonia expansa Murr. Tetragonia syn. Tetrastigma leucostaphylum leucostaphylum Tetrastigma Alston ex Mabb. (Debbst.) Vitis lanceolaria Wall. syn. Arn & Wt. ex Theobroma cacao L. (Cav.) Dalzell Thespesia lampas (Cav.) Gamble oliveri Gamble Thyrsostachys (Willd.) Miers (Willd.) cordifolia Tinospora (DC.) (DC.) roxburghianum Trachyspermum Craib 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 290 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Cultivated Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Semi- Wild and Wild Semi- Cultivated Many partsMany of India Khasia-Jaintia hills Khasia-Jaintia Many partsMany India of Throughout Throughout the greater parts of India Southern W.Ghats Southern Foot hills of east Himalayas Foot North-eastern Region Tropical and subtropical regions and subtropical Tropical partsof many of India North-east India and Western Ghats Gangetic plains SP SP FR VE VE MP VE VE VE VE Ajwain Khasia Ajwain Water Water chestnut Singhara-nut WR Snake WR Snake gourd WR Snake WR Snake Gourd WR Snake WR Snake Gourd Snake Snake Gourd WR Snake WR Snake Gourd WR Snake WR Snake Gourd/ Parwal (L.) Turrill ammi (L.) Trachyspermum Trachyspermum khasianum Trachyspermum H.Wolff Trapa natans L. Trapa natans L. Trapa Makino (Roxb.) bispinosa var. Bedd. anamalaiensis Trichosanthes Trichosanthes cordata Roxb. cordata Trichosanthes (Ser.) wallichiana (Ser.) Trichosanthes Wight. L. cucumeriana L. Trichosanthes anguina (L) Haines var. L. cucumeriana L. Trichosanthes cucumeriana var. Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. Trichosanthes 1528 1529 1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 291 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild. Genetic Wild. resource Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Meghalaya (Khasia- Jaintia- (Khasia- Jaintia- Meghalaya hills) Garo Western ghats extending ghats extending Western to Kannada Dakshin from Kanyakumari Meghalaya (Khasia- Jaintia- Jaintia- (Khasia- Meghalaya hills) Garo Northeastern hills Western & Eastern Himalayas, & Eastern Himalayas, Western up to peninsula & North-east, 1500 m in Himalayas North Eastern India North -west India and south North -west peninsular India Himalayan zone and NilgirisHimalayan Gangetic plains, Sikkim and Sikkim Gangetic plains, Bengal West VE VE VE VE VE/MP VE FO FO MP WR Snake WR Snake Gourd WR Snake WR Snake Gourd Snake gourd Snake Snake gourd Snake WR Snake WR Snake Gourd WR Snake WR Snake gourd Egyptian Clover White Clover WR Fenugreek/ Champa Methi Trichosanthes majuscula majuscula Trichosanthes Kundu (C.B.Clarke) L. nervifolia L. Trichosanthes Trichosanthes ovigera Blume ovigera Trichosanthes B. C. himalensis syn Trichosanthes Clarke Trichosanthes tomentosa Chakr. Trichosanthes Lour., tricuspidata Lour., Trichosanthes Voigt (Lam.) bracteata T. syn. Trichosanthes villosa Blume Trichosanthes Trifolium alexandrinum L. Trifolium L. repens L. Trifolium Boiss. & Reut. & Reut. Boiss. balanse Trigonella corniculata (L.) L. Trigonella syn. 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 292 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild Wild Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Wild Cultivated Wild Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Jammu Pradesh, Himachal Kashmir Western Himalayas, extending extending Himalayas, Western West and to Bihar eastwards Bengal Western Himalayas, Himalayas, Western up to 3000 m W. Himalayas W. In dry/ tropical regions In dry/ of India tropical Gujarat, Rajasthan Gujarat, Western Himalayas Western Haryana, Punjab, U.P. & M.P. U.P. Punjab, Haryana, Indo-Gangetic Plains Jammu & Kashmir Jammu SP SP Forage SP/VE Forage FO Forage MP FO WR Fenugreek Kasurimethi WR Fenugreek WR Fenugreek Fenugreek WR Fenugreek WR Fenugreek WR Fenugreek WR Fenugreek WR- Fenugreek

Trigonella cachemeriana Cambess. Trigonella Trigonella corniculata (L.) L. Trigonella Trigonella emodi Benth. Trigonella Trigonella fimbriata Benth. Trigonella Trigonella foenum-graceum L. foenum-graceum Trigonella Thunb. Thunb. glabra Trigonella & Noë) Lassen uncata (Boiss. subsp. & Noë Boiss. uncata syn Trigonella Trigonella gracilis Benth. gracilis Trigonella Benth. Benth. obcordata Trigonella Trigonella occulta Ser. Trigonella (Sirj.) Vassilcz. (Sirj.) podperae Trigonella 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 293 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Endemic Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated, Genetic Cultivated, resource Cultivatedn, Cultivatedn, Genetic resource Peninsular India Peninsular Semi-arid and arid zones Throughout Throughout the greater part Punjab, of in mainly cultivated India; Haryana, Bihar, U.P., Northern Rajasthan Many partsMany India of Many partsMany India of Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India FO FO CE CE CE CE CE CE CE WR Grama- gautemala wheat WR Wheat WR Wheat Cluster Wheat Wheat WR Wheat WR Wheat

Trilobachne cookei (Stapf) cookei Trilobachne ex Henrard Schenck Tripsacum laxum Nash Tripsacum Triticum aestivum L. Triticum aestivum L. Triticum Thell. spelta (L.) subsp. aestivum L. Triticum aestivum subsp. L. L. aestivum Triticum compactum (Host) Mackey subsp. L. L. aestivum Triticum macha (Dekapr & subsp. Menabde) Mackey Triticum aestivum L. Triticum (Percival) sphaerococcum (Percival) subsp. Mackey Triticum isphanicum Heslot isphanicum Triticum 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 294 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Genetic resource Cultivated Genetic resource Wild Wild Wild Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India Many partsMany India of Many partsMany india of Many partsMany India of Western Himalayas Western Assam, West West Bengal, Assam, Orissa and the peninsular India Western Himalayas, Himalayas, Western up to 3000 m Plains of India & dry hills CE CE CE CE CE TC/OR MP AF/MP MP Einkorn Wheat Emmer Wheat Durum Wheat WR Wheat WR WR Wheat WR Wild Tulip Wild Emetic Swallow- wort, Indian or Country - Ipecacuanha Ulmus Indian Squill L. L. monococcum Triticum monococcum subsp. L. L. turgidum Triticum Thell. (Schrank) dicoccon subsp. L. turgidum L. Triticum durum (Desf.) Husn. subsp. L. turgidum L. Triticum Thell. polonicum (L.) subsp. polonicum L. Triticum syn. Triticum uniaristatum (Vis.) Triticum K.richt DC. formastellata clusiana DC. Tulipa Dasgupta & Deb (Hook.) S. (Burm. f.) Merr. indica (Burm. Tylophora Planch. wallichiana Planch. Ulmus (Roxb.) Kunth Urginea indica (Roxb.) 1566 1567 1568 1569 1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 295 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Cultivated Listed on CITES Wild Genetic Wild resource Genetic resource Cultivated Semi -arid zones Semi -arid zones Semi -arid zones Semi -arid zones Temperate Himalayas Temperate Eastern Himalayas Southern Western Ghats Western Southern Andman Nicobar Humid tropics of SouthernHumid tropics India Peninsular FO/MP FO FO FO MP OR OR OR CC/W Signal grass Surinam grass Sabi grass Ruzi grass Common valerian Blue Orchid Vanda WR Vanilla WR Vanilla (Hochst. Urochloa brizantha(Hochst. Webster, D. Rich.) R. A. ex Brachiaria brizantha Hochst. syn. Rich. A. ex (Stapf) R. D. D. Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. Webster Brachiaria decumbens Stapf syn. Urochloa mosambicensis (Hack.) Dandy (R. Germ. & Germ. Urochloa ruziziensis (R. Crins, Evrard) M. C. Brachiaria ruziziensis R. syn. Evrard M. & C. Germ. Valeriana officinalis L. Valeriana Griff. ex Lindl coerulea Griff. Vanda Vanda wightii Reichb f. Vanda Vanilla andamancia Rolfe Vanilla Vanilla planifolia Andr. Vanilla 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583 296 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Genetic resource Genetic Genetic resource Genetic Wild, wood wood Wild, durable Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Cultivated Wild, weedy Wild, Indigenous and Cultivated Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Southern Western Ghats Western Southern Southern Western Ghats Western Southern Southern western Ghats Western Himalayas Western Plains of India & dryPlains of India & hills Indo-gangetic Plains and Tamil Tamil and Indo-gangetic Plains Nadu Indo-gangetic Plains and Tamil Tamil Indo-gangetic Plains and Nadu Many partsMany of India Many partsMany of India Tamil Nadu Tamil Nodth Eastern India OR OR AF MP MP GL GL GL GL GL GL WR Vanilla WR WR Vanilla WR Indian copal Indian copal tree Vervain Vetiver/ Vetiver/ Khus Khus Broad Bean Broad Common vetch Moth bean Adzuki bean WR Vigna WR WR Vigna WR Vanilla walkeriae Wight Vanilla Lindl. ex Hook.f Lindl. wightiana Vanilla Vateria indica L. Vateria Verbena officinalis L. Verbena Vetiveria zizanioides L. Vetiveria Vicia faba L. Vicia faba Vicia sativa L. Vicia sativa (Jacq.) Marechal Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Vigna angularis Ohwi & (Willd) H.Ohashi Vigna bourneae Gamble Vigna clarkei Prain 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 297 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Cultivated Genetic resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Cultivated Genetic resource Genetic resource North and Central India, Eastern India, Central and North Ghats Western and Plains(Malwa Plateau and Central and Plateau Plains(Malwa Eastern Ghats Highlands), Western Ghats, Khandala Ghats, Western Many partsMany India of Tropical India Tropical Sikkim & Uttar Pradesh, South Sikkim & Uttar Pradesh, Asia east Many partsMany of India Indo-gangetic and Peninsular Indo-gangetic and Peninsular region East & Western Himalayas, Himalayas, Western East & and Central Western North East, and Eastern Western India, Ghats GL GL GL GL GL GL GL GL GL/FO WR Vigna WR WR Vigna WR WR Vigna Vigna WR Black gram, Black gram, Urdbean WR Balck gram WR Vigna WR Green gramGreen WR Green WR Green gram WR Vigna WR (Kuntze) Verdc. (Kuntze) Vigna dalzelliana Babu et al. Babu Vigna hainiana Vigna khandalensis (Santapau) Vigna khandalensis Wadhwa & Raghavan & Gibbs.) (Dalz. grandis V. syn. Verdc. Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper Vigna mungo et al. silvestris Lukoki var. Babu & S.K & S.K Babu Vigna prainiana Sharma (L.) Wilczek Wilczek (L.) Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek Wilczek (L.) Vigna radiata Verdc. (Roxb.) sublobata var. (L.) Verdc. Vigna trilobata (L.) 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 1602 1603 298 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Genetic resource Genetic In hilly tracts, In hilly tracts, Cultivated Introduced and Introduced Cultivated Warmer parts, parts, Warmer Cultivated Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Genetic resource Wild Wild, fruits edible Wild, Wild, fruits edible Wild, North Western deccan region deccan Western North Western, Eastern Himalayas & Eastern Himalayas Western, North-easthills North-east India Many partsMany India of North-east hills, Western & Western North-east hills, Eastern Ghats Southern W.Ghats Southern Gujarat Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu Jammu Pradesh, Himachal Assam, and Kashmir, Bengal Manipur, West Pradesh, Uttar Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Meghalaya, Himachal Pradesh, Bengal West Sikkim, GL GL/FO GL GL/FO GL GL OR FR FR Pillipesara Rice Bean Asparagus Bean Cow pea Cow Zombi-Pea. WR Vigna WR WR Viola WR WR Grape WR Grape (L.) Verdc. Verdc. Vigna trilobata (L.) & Pokle pusilla V.N.Naik var. (Thunb.) (Thunb.) Vigna umbellata Ohashi H. Ohwi & (L.) Walp. Walp. (L.) Vigna unguiculata Verdc. sesquipedalis (L.) subsp. (L.) Walp. Walp. (L.) Vigna unguiculata unguiculata subsp. (L.) Rich., (L.) Rich., vexillata V. Vigna capensis Thunb. syn. (Linn.) A.Rich. A.Rich. (Linn.) Vigna vexillata ex Baker) wightii (Benth. var. & SharmaBabu Viola cinerea stocksii forma kathiwarensis var. Thunb. Vitis flexuosa Thunb. Gagnepain parvifolia (Roxb.) var. Roem. & Schult. Vitis heyneana Roem. 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609 1610 1611 1612 299 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Cultivated Bushy plant Bushy Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild Cultivated Wild Genetic resource Wild Wild Wild Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Karnataka, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu Pradesh Andhra and Arunachal Pradesh Western Rajasthan Western Many partsMany India of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and the peninsular India Many partsMany India of Tropical Himalayas, N. E. India E. N. Himalayas, Tropical Peninsular India Peninsular Tropical Himalaya to N.E. India to N.E. Himalaya Tropical E.Himalayas Eastern India Peninsular India Peninsular FR OR MP MP MP CE SP SP SP SP SP SP Grape Palm Indian rennet Ashawg- andha Pala indigo- Pala plant Maize WR Ginger WR Ginger WR Ginger WR Ginger WR Ginger WR Ginger Vitis vinifera L. Vitis vinifera (Joseph) S.K. Basu Basu S.K. triandra (Joseph) Wallichia Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal Withania coagulans (L.) Dunal. Withania somnifera (Roxb.) R. Br. R. Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) Zea mays L. Zea mays Zingiber capitatum Roxb. Zingiber cernuum Dalz. Zingiber chrysanthum Roscoe Zingiber clarkei King ex Benth. Zingiber intermediumBaker Zingiber neesanum (Grah.) Ramamoorthy, Dalz. Zingiber macrostachyum syn. 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 1622 1623 1624 300 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Cultivated Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild Wild Wild Wild and Wild Cultivated Wild Cultivated Wild and Wild Cultivated Used as root stock, stock, Used as root Cultivated Peninsular India Peninsular Southern region peninsular and North-eastIndia Throughout India except the Throughout Himalayas. Southern India & Eastern India Eastern India to N.E.India Peninsular India, Sri Lanka India, Peninsular Throughout India Throughout Eastern Ghats Ghats Western & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh Many partsMany of India Semi-arid zone & Deccan Peninsula SP SP SP/MP SP SP SP SP MP FR FR FR WR Ginger Ginger Ginger WR Ginger WR Ginger WR Ginger WR Ginger WR Jujube Jujube Indian Jujube WR jujube Zingiber nimmonii Zingiber Dalzell (J.Graham) Zingiber officinale Roscoe Zingiber Zingiber purpureum Roscoe (Roxb.) Roscoe Zingiber roseum (Roxb.) Zingiber rubens Roxb. Zingiber wightianum Thwaites Zingiber wightianum (L.) Roscoe Zingiber zerumbet Smith E. ex J. Ziziphus glabrata Roth Ziziphus glabrata Ziziphus jujuba Mill Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. vulgaris Lam. Z. syn. Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Arn. and Wight 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 301 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing

Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Wild, Genetic Genetic Wild, resource Wild and Wild Cultivated Gangetic plains Gangetic Western Himalayas Western Western Himalayas, Gangetic Himalayas, Western plains Jaisalmer, Jodhpur Jodhpur Jaisalmer, Kathiawar Throughout India excepting Throughout Eastern India FR FR FR FR FR FR Jackal jujube Jackal WR Ber WR jujube WR jujube WR jujube WR jujube Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill. Ziziphus Ziziphus oxyphylla Edgew. oxyphylla Ziziphus Ziziphus rugosa Lam. Baltt. & Hallb. Baltt. Ziziphus truncata Ziziphus williamsii BhandariZiziphus williamsii & Bhansali (Retz.) Willd (Retz.) Ziziphus xylopyra 1636 1637 1638 1639 1640 1641 SP =Spice, Fr= Fruit; MP= Medicinal Plant; Ve = Vegetable; TC = Tuber crop; WR=Wild Relative WR=Wild SPcrop; Tuber TC =Spice, Fr== Fruit;Vegetable; MP= Medicinal= Ve Plant; * English and Local names GL=Grain FO=Forage; CC=Commercial CE= legumes; AF=Agro-forestry; FI=Fibre; Crops; Cereals;F=Forestry; ML=Millets; MP=Medicinal plants; NMP=Narcotics & MP; NUT=Fruit nuts; OR=Ornamental; OS=Oilseeds; OT=Other; PC=Pseudocereals; SP=Species; TC=Tuber VE=Vegetable; Crops; W=Wild; Grain Legume=GL; 302 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing Indian J. Pl. Genet. Genet. Pl. J. Indian , Vol 1 Vol 11, Vol to A-Z, . Rainwaterharvesting.org/Rural/decanplat-tradi. . . eds. C.R. Carroll, J. H. Vandermeer and P. Vandermeer and P. H. Carroll, J. C.R. eds. . Agroecology http://www References A Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and Industrial Products NBPGR Monograph No. 7 National Bureau Bureau National 7 No. Monograph NBPGR India, in Plants Crop of Relatives Wild Wealth Wealth of India: The useful plants of Publication . India and Information Council of Directorate, Scientific and Industrial Bhag Mal. 1994. Underutilized grain legumes and pseudocereals- their potentials Bangkok, 162 p. in FAO, Asia. RAPA, Thailand, Resources 5:1-22. Altieri, M.A. 1990. Why Study Traditional Agriculture?. In: Agriculture?. Why In: Traditional Study Altieri, 1990. M.A. Nayar.1984. R. E. and K. R. Arora, perspective. Indian plants: underutilized in conservation and utilization Biodiversity 1992. Mal. Bhag html York. New Company, Hill Publishing McGraw- Rosset, Delhi. New of Plant Genetic Resources, Anon. 2008. Deccan Plateau. Traditional Water Systems. Systems. Water Traditional Plateau. Deccan 2008. Anon. tribesintro. Html com/tribes/ tribesintro. Culturopedia. w. http://ww OriginAnon.2008.The of Races in India. Anon. 1986. 1986. Anon. 918. pp. Delhi, New Research, Anon. 2000-2004. Wealth of India, First supplement series, Vol 1 to 5, National 1 Institute to of 5, Science Vol Communication First of supplement India, series, Wealth 2000-2004. Anon. Delhi. New and Industrial Council of Scientific Research, and Information Resources, Publication and Information Directorate, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi. New and Industrial Council of Scientific Research, and InformationPublication Directorate, Anon. Anon. 1948-1986. 303 Agrobiodiversity Hotspots in India : Conservation and Benefit Sharing patani Tribe Tribe Apatani Study of the of Study A http://www.fao.org/sat/giahs.asia. 6: 333-341. Agri-history 6: Bioresources Conservation Practices: Practices: Conservation Bioresources

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