Diversity and Distribution of the Genus Dioscorea In

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Diversity and Distribution of the Genus Dioscorea In DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION • The genus Dioscorea is one of the largest groups among OF THE GENUS DIOSCOREA IN monocotyledons belonging to the family Dioscoreaceae. • The members are commonly known as yams and are widely WESTERN GHATS cultivated for its edible tubers throughout tropics and occupies 3rd most important food crops in the world, next to cereals and pulses. • The word yams comes from Portuguese or Spanish name as “Inhame” which means “to eat”. Elsamma Joseph (Arackal) • The genus is distributed mainly in three centers of diversity A.G. Pandurangan & S. Ganeshan namely South Africa, South East Asia and Latin America. • The genus Dioscorea represents 850 spp. (Mabberley, 1997) and in India reported the occurrence of 32 spp. (Prain and Burkill, 1936, 1939) of which 17 are distributed in W. Ghats. • The genus shows close affinity towards dicotyledons by the presence of petiolate compound leaves, non sheathing leaf base, reticulate venation etc. Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala REASONS FOR UNDERTAKING THE REASONS FOR UNDERTAKING THE STUDY STUDY…….contd • The taxonomy of quite a few species in this genus is considered • Many of the Dioscorea species serve as a “life saving” plant to be very problematic ( Prain and Burkill, 1936, 1939; Velayudan, group to marginal farmers and forest dwelling communities 1998) due to their continuous variability of morphological during the period of food scarcity (Arora and Anjula pandey, characters especially in aerial parts such as leaves and bulbils. 1996) This makes it difficult for taxonomists to segregate distinctly the various taxa of the genus. • Most of the tubers are edible and few are also used as medicinal. More than five million people are directly or • The dioecious nature, variable phyllotaxy, different phenology of indirectly depending on this crop for their food, feed, medicine the same species, deep seated bulky underground tubers etc etc. makes the group much more difficult for researchers and hence neglected. • Inspite of its manifold economic importance, the group is not taxonomically well studied for the last 60 years in India except • Against this background the present study has been undertaken to delimit and unravel the species complex that exists in the a few attempts by the regional flora researchers. Western Ghats based on fresh explorations from the wild as well as in cultivation. 1 GENERAL CHARACTERS OF THE CURRENT STATUS OF SPECIES OF GENUS DIOSCOREA DIOSCOREA - A GLANCE Most notable characters are : 1. World - 850 Species 2. South East Asia - 150 ” 1. Universal dioecism of the genus 3. India - 32 ” 2. Twining climbers without tendrils 3. Twining of the stem is species specific and producing leaves 4. Western Ghats - 17 ” and inflorescence 5. Present Study - 20 Species 5. Inflorescence are axillary spikes + 10 Varieties 6. Under ground part of all the species are tuberous + 8 unidentified species METHODOLOGY…….contd METHODOLOGY • Consulted the following herbaria for confirming the identity and authentication of specimens • A reconnaissance survey based on literature was done to determine the area of distribution in Western Ghats 1. Central National Herbarium (CNH), Calcutta. 2. Herbarium of Indian Museum, Calcutta. • Plant Specimens were collected from different areas of Western Ghats, 3. Herbarium of BSI, Pune. examined in the field itself and preserved in FAA for further studies 4. Blatter Herbarium, Bombay. • Field characters were noted then and there 5. Herbarium of BSI southern Circle (MH), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. 6. Herbarium of Madras Christian college, Tamil Nadu. • Ethno Botanical importance of each species were noted 7. Herbarium of Presidency College Madras, Tamil Nadu. 8. Herbarium of TBGRI Palode (TBGT), Trivandrum, Kerala. • Live photographs of the specimens were taken including tubers for identification 9. Herbarium of KFRI, Trichur, Kerala. 10. Herbarium of NBPGR, Trichur, Kerala. • Specimens were processed for Herbarium as per the standard procedures 11. Herbarium of University of Calicut (CALI), Kerala. • Established ex-situ gene bank at TBGRI for monitoring and • Illustrations were made based on fresh specimens evaluation. 2 RESULTS DIFFERENT SPECIES OF DIOSCOREA: A VIEW • During the course of present study, a total of 38 taxa have been collected and out of which 20 species and 10 varieties have been identified. • The remaining 8 taxa are imperfectly known owing to the lack of either male or female flowers. Therefore efforts are being continued to collect the materials to confirm the identity of these taxa, which may finally end up to new reports to Stem twining to the right. India or to Western Ghats Rachis of male inflorescence STATUS OF STATUS OF SPECIES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION zigzag. 1. Dioscorea alata Cultivated 11.Dioscorea Jacqumontii nw, cw, sw (E & R) ABStem winged, terete. 2. Dioscorea anguina nw, cw, sw (E & R) 12. Dioscorea kalkaprasadii sw (E & R) Petiolar base with auricular 3. Dioscorea belophylla nw, cw, sw (E & R) 13. Dioscorea oppositifolia nw, cw, sw extension. 4. Dioscorea bulbifera nw, cw, sw 14. Dioscorea pentaphylla nw, cw, sw 5. Dioscorea composita Int. & Cult. 15. Dioscorea rotundata Int. & Cult. Tubers polymorphic. 6. Dioscorea esculenta Cultivated 16. Dioscorea spicata sw (E & R) 7. Dioscorea glabra nw, cw, sw 17. Dioscorea tomentosa nw, cw, sw C 8. Dioscorea floribunda Int. & Cult. 18. Dioscorea vexans Int. & Cult. Dioscorea alata L.: A. Habit- A portion of the male plant with 9. Dioscorea hamiltonii nw, cw, sw (E & R) 19. Dioscorea wallichii nw, cw, sw inflorescence, B. Bulbils, C. A portion of the female plant with 10. Dioscorea hispida nw, cw, sw 20. Dioscorea wightii sw (Endangered) inflorescence. Tubers of different varieties of Dioscorea alata L. A B DioscoreaDioscorea belophylla belophyllaVoigt.:Voigt.: A. A. Habit Habit with with female female inflorescence inflorescence B.B. Tubers Tubers 3 ••StemStem twiningtwining toto thethe leftleft andand narrowlynarrowly alatealate.. ••LeavesLeaves simple.simple. ••TubersTubers solitary,solitary, notnot A B A B stalked.stalked. ••BulbilsBulbils present.present. ••LeavesLeaves glabrousglabrous beneath.beneath. C C DioscoreaDioscorea bulbifera bulbiferaL.:L.: A. A. Infructescence, Infructescence, B. B. Tuber, Tuber, C. C. A A portion portion of of the the male male plantplant with with inflorescence inflorescence Dioscorea composita Hemsl.: A, B & C. Closer view of stands •• StemStem twiningtwining toto thethe leftleft andand terete.terete. •• LeavesLeaves simple,simple, pubescentpubescent beneath.beneath. B •• TubersTubers several,several, distinctlydistinctly stalked.stalked. •• TubersTubers longerlonger thanthan var.var. A esculenta.esculenta. •• BulbilsBulbils absent.absent. •• LeavesLeaves areare alsoalso largerlarger thanthan var.var. esculentaesculenta withwith A sharpsharp spines.spines. •• TubersTubers several,several, distinctlydistinctly stalkedstalked with with aa smallsmall matmat B ofof prickles.prickles. Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill : A. Habit, B Tubers Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill : A. Habit, B Tubers DioscoreaDioscorea esculenta esculenta(Lour.)(Lour.) Burkill Burkill var. var. fasciculata fasciculata:: A. A. Habit, Habit, B B Tubers Tubers 4 B • Tubers larger distinctly A stalked covered with a fine large mat of spines. • Leaves smaller. B C A Dioscorea floribunda Martens & Galeotti : A. Habit with female Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill var. spinosa : A. Habit, B Tubers inflorescence, B & C Closer view of female inflorescence •• StemStem twiningtwining toto thethe right,right, wingedwinged withwith 88 B ridges.ridges. A •• RachisRachis ofof malemale inflorescenceinflorescence zig-zagzig-zag A B C DioscoreaDioscorea hamiltonii hamiltoniiHook.f.:Hook.f.: A. A. Habit, Habit, B. B. A A portion portion of of the the femalefemale inflorescence, inflorescence, C.Tubers C.Tubers C Dioscorea hispida Dennst. : – A & B. Habit, C. Tubers 5 •• StemStem twiningtwining toto thethe ** Stem Stem twiningtwining toto thethe left.left. right. right. ** Leaves Leaves compound,compound, A • Leaves opposite and AA • Leaves opposite and glabrousglabrous oror rustyrusty sub-opposite. sub-opposite. tomentosetomentose below.below. •• SecondarySecondary veinsveins ** Bulbils Bulbils present.present. obscureobscure onon bothboth sides.sides. B C BB DioscoreaDioscorea pentaphylla pentaphyllaL.L. : : A. A. Male Male plant plant with with inflorescence, inflorescence, Dioscorea oppositifolia L. : A. Habit with male inflorescence, B. Tuber Dioscorea oppositifolia L. : A. Habit with male inflorescence, B. Tuber B.B. Female Female plant plant with with inflorescence, inflorescence, C. C. Tuber Tuber ••LeavesLeaves glabrous,glabrous, A B opposite.opposite. A B ••StemStem withwith prickles,prickles, ••StemStem twiningtwining toto thethe twiningtwining toto right.right. left.left. •• Leaves Leaves compoundcompound andand tomentose.tomentose. •• Bulbils Bulbils absent.absent. C •• Tubers Tubers numerous.numerous. C D DioscoreaDioscorea tomentosa tomentosaKoenigKoenig ex ex Spreng. Spreng. : : A. A. Habit Habit with with male male inflorescence, inflorescence, DioscoreaDioscorea rotundata rotundataPoir.Poir. : : A. A. Habit, Habit, B B - - D. D. Tubers Tubers . B.B. Female Female infructescence, infructescence, C. C. Tubers Tubers 6 INTERESTINGINTERESTING COLLECTIONSCOLLECTIONS OFOF DIOSCOREADIOSCOREA ••StemStem twiningtwining toto thethe rightright andand withoutwithout wings.wings. A ••RachisRachis
Recommended publications
  • A Compilation and Analysis of Food Plants Utilization of Sri Lankan Butterfly Larvae (Papilionoidea)
    MAJOR ARTICLE TAPROBANICA, ISSN 1800–427X. August, 2014. Vol. 06, No. 02: pp. 110–131, pls. 12, 13. © Research Center for Climate Change, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia & Taprobanica Private Limited, Homagama, Sri Lanka http://www.sljol.info/index.php/tapro A COMPILATION AND ANALYSIS OF FOOD PLANTS UTILIZATION OF SRI LANKAN BUTTERFLY LARVAE (PAPILIONOIDEA) Section Editors: Jeffrey Miller & James L. Reveal Submitted: 08 Dec. 2013, Accepted: 15 Mar. 2014 H. D. Jayasinghe1,2, S. S. Rajapaksha1, C. de Alwis1 1Butterfly Conservation Society of Sri Lanka, 762/A, Yatihena, Malwana, Sri Lanka 2 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Larval food plants (LFPs) of Sri Lankan butterflies are poorly documented in the historical literature and there is a great need to identify LFPs in conservation perspectives. Therefore, the current study was designed and carried out during the past decade. A list of LFPs for 207 butterfly species (Super family Papilionoidea) of Sri Lanka is presented based on local studies and includes 785 plant-butterfly combinations and 480 plant species. Many of these combinations are reported for the first time in Sri Lanka. The impact of introducing new plants on the dynamics of abundance and distribution of butterflies, the possibility of butterflies being pests on crops, and observations of LFPs of rare butterfly species, are discussed. This information is crucial for the conservation management of the butterfly fauna in Sri Lanka. Key words: conservation, crops, larval food plants (LFPs), pests, plant-butterfly combination. Introduction Butterflies go through complete metamorphosis 1949). As all herbivorous insects show some and have two stages of food consumtion.
    [Show full text]
  • Micronesica 38(1):93–120, 2005
    Micronesica 38(1):93–120, 2005 Archaeological Evidence of a Prehistoric Farming Technique on Guam DARLENE R. MOORE Micronesian Archaeological Research Services P.O. Box 22303, GMF, Guam, 96921 Abstract—On Guam, few archaeological sites with possible agricultural features have been described and little is known about prehistoric culti- vation practices. New information about possible upland planting techniques during the Latte Phase (c. A.D. 1000–1521) of Guam’s Prehistoric Period, which began c. 3,500 years ago, is presented here. Site M201, located in the Manenggon Hills area of Guam’s interior, con- tained three pit features, two that yielded large pieces of coconut shell, bits of introduced calcareous rock, and several large thorns from the roots of yam (Dioscorea) plants. A sample of the coconut shell recovered from one of the pits yielded a calibrated (2 sigma) radiocarbon date with a range of A.D. 986–1210, indicating that the pits were dug during the early Latte Phase. Archaeological evidence and historic literature relat- ing to planting, harvesting, and cooking of roots and tubers on Guam suggest that some of the planting methods used in historic to recent times had been used at Site M201 near the beginning of the Latte Phase, about 1000 years ago. I argue that Site M201 was situated within an inland root/tuber agricultural zone. Introduction The completion of numerous archaeological projects on Guam in recent years has greatly increased our knowledge of the number and types of prehis- toric sites, yet few of these can be considered agricultural. Descriptions of agricultural terraces, planting pits, irrigation canals, or other agricultural earth works are generally absent from archaeological site reports, although it has been proposed that some of the piled rock alignments in northern Guam could be field boundaries (Liston 1996).
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Production--Root Vegetables--Yams Yams
    AU.ENCI FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVILOPME4T FOR AID USE ONLY WASHINGTON. 0 C 20823 A. PRIMARYBIBLIOGRAPHIC INPUT SHEET I. SUBJECT Bbliography Z-AFOO-1587-0000 CL ASSI- 8 SECONDARY FICATIDN Food production and nutrition--Plant production--Root vegetables--Yams 2. TITLE AND SUBTITLE A bibliography of yams and the genus Dioscorea 3. AUTHOR(S) Lawani,S.M.; 0dubanjo,M.0. 4. DOCUMENT DATE IS. NUMBER OF PAGES 6. ARC NUMBER 1976 J 199p. ARC 7. REFERENCE ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS IITA 8. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES (Sponaoring Ordanization, Publlahera, Availability) (No annotations) 9. ABSTRACT This bibliography on yams bring together the scattered literature on the genus Dioscorea from the early nineteenth century through 1975. The 1,562 entries in this bibliography are grouped into 36 subject categories, and arranged within each category alphabetically by author. Some entries, particularly those whose titles are not sufficiently informative, are annotated. The major section titles in the book are as follows: general and reference works; history and eography; social and cultural importance; production and economics; botany including taxonomy, genetics, and breeding); yam growing (including fertilizers and plant nutrition); pests and diseases; storage; processing; chemical composition, nutritive value, and utilization; toxic and pharmacologically active constituents; author index; and subject index. Most entries are in English, with a few in French, Spanish, or German. 10. CONTROL NUMBER I1. PRICE OF DOCUMENT PN-AAC-745 IT. DrSCRIPTORS 13. PROJECT NUMBER Sweet potatoes Yams 14. CONTRACT NUMBER AID/ta-G-1251 GTS 15. TYPE OF DOCUMENT AID 590-1 44-741 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF YAMS AND THE GENUS DIOSCOREA by S.
    [Show full text]
  • An Ethnobotanical Note on Wild Edible Plants of Upper Eastern Himalaya, India
    Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences, 2016, v. 3, no. 5, p. 63-81. ISSN 2358-2731 http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.030506 An ethnobotanical note on wild edible plants of Upper Eastern Himalaya, India G. Murtem¹ and Pradeep Chaudhry² ¹State Forest Research Institute. P.O. Van Vihar, Chimpu, Itanagar-791113, Arunachal Pradesh, India. ²Indian Institute of Forest Management. Nehru Nagar, Bhopal-462003, India. Email: [email protected]. Abstract. The present article deals with the documentation of tribal knowledge on wild edible plants in Upper Eastern Himalayan Received Region of India. In total, 269 plant species belonging to 77 families March 22, 2016 were recorded in the study area of Upper Subansiri District of Arunachal Pradesh. Dioscoreaceae, Rutaceae, Cucurbitaceae and Accepted Arecaceae were the dominant families with 16, 13, 12 and 11 plant May 11, 2016 species, respectively, while Moraceae and Asteraceae followed with Released 10 species each. Four major life forms were trees, shrubs, herbs and June 30, 2016 climbers. Trees made the highest proportion of the edible species (81) followed by shrubs (74), herbs (71) and climbers (37). Open Acess Full Text Article Availability of some of these species might be a serious constraint in near future due to various anthropogenic factors. Need for undertaking vigorous environmental awareness campaign among local tribes has been stressed upon in the article for conserving this valuable biological resource of Eastern Himalayan region of India. Keywords: Wild edible plants; Hill Miri Tribe; Nyishi Tribe; Tagin Tribe; Galo Tribe; Arunachal Pradesh. ORCID 0000-0002-8375-7118 G. Murtem 0000-0003-3792-1199 Pradeep Chaudhry Introduction evergreen, tropical evergreen, subtropical, temperate and alpine forests.
    [Show full text]
  • Lilioceris Egena Air Potato Biocontrol Environmental Assessment
    United States Department of Field Release of the Beetle Agriculture Lilioceris egena (Coleoptera: Marketing and Regulatory Chrysomelidae) for Classical Programs Biological Control of Air Potato, Dioscorea bulbifera (Dioscoreaceae), in the Continental United States Environmental Assessment, February 2021 Field Release of the Beetle Lilioceris egena (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) for Classical Biological Control of Air Potato, Dioscorea bulbifera (Dioscoreaceae), in the Continental United States Environmental Assessment, February 2021 Agency Contact: Colin D. Stewart, Assistant Director Pests, Pathogens, and Biocontrol Permits Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture 4700 River Rd., Unit 133 Riverdale, MD 20737 Non-Discrimination Policy The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the bases of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) To File an Employment Complaint If you wish to file an employment complaint, you must contact your agency's EEO Counselor (PDF) within 45 days of the date of the alleged discriminatory act, event, or in the case of a personnel action. Additional information can be found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_file.html. To File a Program Complaint If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form.
    [Show full text]
  • Yam Physic-Chemical Parameters Assessment and Its Bread Sensory Attributes for Corporate Agribusiness Boosting
    Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Engineering Research Article Open Access Yam physic-chemical parameters assessment and its bread sensory attributes for corporate agribusiness boosting Abstract Volume 8 Issue 6 - 2018 A research work entitled: “Yam physico-chemical parameters assessment and its bread Francis Dominicus Nzabuheraheza, Anathalie sensory attributes.” was carried out in the laboratory of INES-Ruhengeri for adding value to local yam called Dioscorea spp. The main objective was to assess physico-chemical Niyigena Nyiramugwera, Tombola M Gustave Department of Biotechnologies, Rwanda parameters of fresh yam tubers and sensory attributes of produced bread from yam fermented flour. A sample size of 10kg of eachDioscorea variety as fresh crude yam tubers Correspondence: Francis Dominicus Nzabuheraheza, was brought from Musanze market to INES laboratory for chemical analysis, fermentation Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Applied Fundamental and bread processing. Physico-chemical parameters analyzed in fresh crude yam tubers Sciences (FAFS), Higher Institute of Education, Rwanda, included moisture content, pH, nutrient content and sensory evaluation of yam bread. The Email results showed that fresh crude yam tubers moisture content ranged from 75 to 77%. This moisture content is favoring yam tubers spoilage and there is a need to process fresh yams Received: March 16, 2018 | Published: November 23, 2018 into bread for adding value. The yielded fermented yam flour ranged from 18 to 20% from crude yam tubers. The dried and fermented yam flour moisture content was around 13% and met the standards, while pH was around neutral (from 6.66 to 6.72) leading to tubers deterioration. The flour had a dark-brown color from enzymatic browning occurring during fermentation process.
    [Show full text]
  • A Practical Guide to Identifying Yams CROPS
    CROPS IRETA Publication 1/88 A Practical Guide to Identifying Yams The Main Species of Dioscorea in the Pacific Islands AUTHOR: Jill E. Wilson, Senior Fellow, USP Institute for Research, Extension and Training in Agriculture. Assisted by Linda S. Hamilton, Project Manager, South Pacific Region Agricultural Development Project. All or part of this publication may be reproduced for educational purposes. When doing so, please credit the USP Institute for Research, Extension and Training in Agriculture (IRETA). Published February 1988, by the Institute for Research, Extension and Training in Agriculture with financial assistance from the US Agency for International Development, SPRAD Project. IRETA Publications USP Alafua Campus P.O. Private Bag Apia, WESTERN SAMOA 28/88-1.5M Here is a simple guide to identifying the species of cultivated yams (Dioscorea) commonly found in the Pacific Islands. To use this guide in the field, look first at the way the yam stem twines as it climbs up its support. Then follow the guide, using other characteristics such as presence or absence of spines, aerial tubers, etc., to identify the species. Check your decision by reading the descriptive notes given for each species at the end of the guide. Stems Climb to the Right * Stem at BASE of plant usually winged but in * Stems at TOP of plant round some cultivars has few D. alata or with more than 4 ridges. spines and no wings. * Aerial tubers (bulbils) in some cultivars. * Many spines at stem BASE. * Long lateral branches. * Short tuber dormancy Stems climb to the (usually shorter than D. nummularia RIGHT.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology of Flower, Pollen and Orbicules Ofmeghalayan Dioscorea L
    DOI : 10.15740/HAS/AJBS/12.2/223-232 ASIAN JOURNAL OF BIO SCIENCE e ISSN-0976-8343 | Visit us : www.researchjournal.co.in Volume 12 | Issue 2 | Oct., 2017 | 223-232 RESEARCH PAPER Morphology of flower, pollen and orbicules ofMeghalayan Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae), North-East India: A pivotal taxon in the evolution of monocot NILOFER SHEIKH AND YOGENDRA KUMAR Department of Botany, North Eastern Hill University, SHILLONG (MEGHALAYA) INDIA Email : [email protected]; [email protected] Article Info : Received : 26.06.2017; Revised : 20.08.2017; Accepted : 18.09.2017 Flowers, pollen and orbicules morphology is an important source of information for systematic and evolutionary studies among different species, genera and families level. In the present study the floral, pollen and orbicules morphology of 80 samples of the genus Dioscorea L. representing 8 species native to Meghalaya were studied. Trichopus and Tacca, the allied genera with Burmannia of Burmanniaceae, nearest family of Dioscoreaceae were selected as an outgroup for the present study. Variation in floral, pollen and orbicules characters were observed and 62 descriptors or traits were selected for morphometric analysis. Pollen of Dioscorea is monosulcate or bisulcate with perporate or microrecticulate sexine sculptures. Orbicules were mostly spherical with smooth surface. Key words : Floral morphology, Pollen aperature, Sexine ornamentation, Orbicule morphology, Morphometric analysis How to cite this paper : Sheikh, Nilofer and Kumar, Yogendra (2017). Morphology of flower, pollen and orbicules of Meghalayan Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae), North-East India: A pivotal taxon in the evolution of monocot. Asian J. Bio. Sci., 12 (2) : 223-232.DOI : 10.15740/HAS/ AJBS/12.2/223-232.
    [Show full text]
  • Aloes and Lilies of Ethiopia and Eritrea
    Aloes and Lilies of Ethiopia and Eritrea Sebsebe Demissew Inger Nordal Aloes and Lilies of Ethiopia and Eritrea Sebsebe Demissew Inger Nordal <PUBLISHER> <COLOPHON PAGE> Front cover: Aloe steudneri Back cover: Kniphofia foliosa Contents Preface 4 Acknowledgements 5 Introduction 7 Key to the families 40 Aloaceae 42 Asphodelaceae 110 Anthericaceae 127 Amaryllidaceae 162 Hyacinthaceae 183 Alliaceae 206 Colchicaceae 210 Iridaceae 223 Hypoxidaceae 260 Eriospermaceae 271 Dracaenaceae 274 Asparagaceae 289 Dioscoreaceae 305 Taccaceae 319 Smilacaceae 321 Velloziaceae 325 List of botanical terms 330 Literature 334 4 ALOES AND LILIES OF ETHIOPIA Preface The publication of a modern Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea is now completed. One of the major achievements of the Flora is having a complete account of all the Mono­ cotyledons. These are found in Volumes 6 (1997 – all monocots except the grasses) and 7 (1995 – the grasses) of the Flora. One of the main aims of publishing the Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea was to stimulate further research in the region. This challenge was taken by the authors (with important input also from Odd E. Stabbetorp) in 2003 when the first edition of ‘Flowers of Ethiopia and Eritrea: Aloes and other Lilies’ was published (a book now out of print). The project was supported through the NUFU (Norwegian Council for Higher Education’s Programme for Development Research and Education) funded Project of the University of Oslo, Department of Biology, and Addis Ababa University, National Herbarium in the Biology Department. What you have at hand is a second updated version of ‘Flowers of Ethiopia and Eritrea: Aloes and other Lilies’.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Migrants to Madagascar and Their Introduction of Plants : Linguistic and Ethnological Evidence Philippe Beaujard
    The first migrants to Madagascar and their introduction of plants : linguistic and ethnological evidence Philippe Beaujard To cite this version: Philippe Beaujard. The first migrants to Madagascar and their introduction of plants : linguistic and ethnological evidence. Azania : The journal of the British Institute of History and Archaeology in East Africa, Routledge (imprimé) / Taylor & Francis Online (en ligne), 2011, 46 (2), pp.169-189. halshs-00706173 HAL Id: halshs-00706173 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00706173 Submitted on 9 Jun 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. This article was downloaded by: [Beaujard, Philippe] On: 20 June 2011 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 938797940] Publisher Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37- 41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t902477532
    [Show full text]
  • Wild Food Plants of Remote Oceania
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae Journal homepage: pbsociety.org.pl/journals/index.php/asbp INVITED REVIEW Received: 2012.09.01 Accepted: 2012.10.12 Published electronically: 2012.11.22 Acta Soc Bot Pol 81(4):371–380 DOI: 10.5586/asbp.2012.034 Wild food plants of Remote Oceania Will C. McClatchey* Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA Department of Botany, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai’i 96822, USA Environmental Studies Program, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA Abstract Agricultural societies partly depend upon wild foods. Relationships between an agricultural society and its wild foods can be explored by examining how the society responds through colonization of new lands that have not been previously inhabited. The oldest clear example of this phenomenon took place about 5000 years ago in the tropical Western Pacific at the “boundary” interface between Near and Remote Oceania. An inventory of wild and domesticated food plants used by people living along “the remote side of” that interface has been prepared from the literature. This was then assessed for the roles of plants at the time of original colonization of Remote Oceania. The majority of species are wild foods, and most of these are used as leafy vegetables and fruits. The wild food plants mostly serve as supplements to domesticated species, although there are a few that can be used as substitutes for traditional staples. Keywords: Oceania, wild food plants, colonization, agriculture Introduction implication is that humans brought wild plant materials to their homes or processing sites, much as squirrels or fruit bats Human-plant co-evolutionary relationships have been might do, and then consumed less than all of the material col- documented for processes of wild plant food domestication lected, discarding material (seeds or other living parts) that into socially critical crops [1,2].
    [Show full text]
  • (Dioscorea Esculenta (Lour.) Burk.) BASED on MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS
    RESEARCH ARTICLE % SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 49 (1) 1-8, 2017 VARIABILITY AND INTRASPESIFIC CLASSIFICATION OF GEMBILI (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burk.) BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS PURNOMO1, L.N. FAIZAH2 and B.S. DARYONO3 1Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2Graduate student of Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 3Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia *Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] Email address of co-author: [email protected] SUMMARY Gembili species of Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burk. a climber plant producing tubers, belongs to Dioscoreaceae. This plant species has morphological variation on its vegetative organs (i.e. stems, leaves, and tubers). Thirty accessions of gembili were collected from Java, Sumatera, Kalimantan, and Celebes (Sulawesi) of Indonesia. Tuber samples were collected using survey methods and cultivated as a living collection. Based on IPGRI plant descriptors for Dioscorea tubers, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits were scored and analyzed using UPGMA method. The results show that the level of diversity of gembili is quite high, ranging from 0.64-1.00 similarity values. Those accessions were divided into 2 groups: the first cultivar group has dense thorns on roots, oblong to cylindrical tuber shapes with white to yellowish-white tuber flesh. Those characters are similar to D. esculenta (Lour.) Burk. var. spinosa (Lour.) Burk. whereas the second group showed rare thorn roots, irregular tuber shapes, and violet tuber flesh color, and the characters are similar to D. esculenta (Lour.) Burk. var. fasciculata (Lour.) Burk.
    [Show full text]