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The Trials of the Intertextual The Trials of the Intertextual The Trials of the Intertextual: The Translation and Reception of Tatyana Tolstaya’s Kys´ in Sweden and the United States Malin Podlevskikh Carlström © MALIN PODLEVSKIKH CARLSTRÖM, 2020 ISBN: 978-91-7833-744-6 (PRINT) ISBN: 978-91-7833-745-3 (PDF) The dissertation is also available online: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/62252 Cover: Design by Malin Podlevskikh Carlström. Layout by Lena Carlsson, GU interntryckeri. Private background image. Photo: Yury Podlevskikh Printing: University of Gothenburg interntryckeri Abstract Titel: The Trials of the Intertextual: The Translation and Reception of Tatyana Tolstaya’s Kys´ in Sweden and the United States Författare: Malin Podlevskikh Carlström Språk: Engelska Nyckelord: Rysk litteratur, översättningsvetenskap, Lawrence Venuti, intertextualitet, tematisk analys, översättningsreception, Tatiana Tolstaja, Kys´, Därv, The Slynx I denna avhandling analyseras översättning och reception av Tatiana Tolstajas roman Kys´ (2000). I analysen ingår, förutom den ryska källtexten, den engelska utgåvan The Slynx (2003) i översättning av Jamey Gambrell, och den svenska utgåvan Därv (2003) i översättning av Staffan Skott och Maria Nikolajeva. En viktig premiss för arbetet är att intertextualitet har utvecklats till att få särskild betydelse i den ryska litterära traditionen, vilket gör det nödvändigt att diskutera översättningsstrategier och hur dessa påverkar måltextens reception. I avhandlingens första del ligger fokus på intertextualitetsbegreppet och hur intertextuella referenser kan klassificeras och översättas. Av analysen framgår att de svenska översättarna har ersatt en stor del av den ryska poesi som citeras i källtexten med svensk eller kanonisk poesi, medan den amerikanska översättaren istället har översatt de många citaten till engelska. De svenska översättarna tycks således ha tolkat intertextualiteten i sig som viktig, medan den amerikanska översättaren istället har tolkat referenserna till rysk kultur och litteratur som viktiga. I avhandlingens andra del analyseras receptionen av de två måltexterna medelst en komparativ analys av tolv svenska och sexton amerikanska recensioner publicerade i dagspress samt icke-akademiska och icke- professionsinriktade tidskrifter. Undersökningen visar att receptionen skiljer sig v mellan de två målkulturerna. Medan den engelska måltexten framförallt hade lästs som en roman om Ryssland, kunde de svenska kritikerna också relatera romanen till universella teman som konst och mänsklighet. Resultatet av den tematiska analysen visar slutligen att ett underliggande tema bland de svenska recensionerna är ”Kan konsten/litteraturen rädda oss?”. Motsvarande tema bland de amerikanska recensionerna är istället ”Går det att rädda Ryssland”? Sammanfattningsvis verkar det som att de svenska översättarna har lyckats åstadkomma en tolkning av källtexten som inte bara var lättare för måltextläsaren att ta till sig, utan som dessutom var mer intressant och aktuell ur dennes perspektiv. Intertextuell skönlitteratur har således mycket att vinna på en översättningsstrategi som tar hänsyn till intertextualitetens funktion i det aktuella verket, och som vid behov också förändrar den intertextuella kontexten. vi Acknowledgements It is easy to say “I could not have done this on my own”. Well, in this case it is true. So many people have inspired or assisted me directly or indirectly during these years, and the time has come to express my appreciation. Firstly, I want to thank two people whose immense knowledge and inspiring lectures motivated me to apply for a PhD position, and helped me understand that it was intertextuality I wanted to do research on: Irina Aleksandrovna Sapunova (Saint Petersburg State University) and Professor Magnus Ljunggren. I do not think I would have chosen this particular path if it had not been for the two of you. Thereafter I would like to thank my supervisors, Svetlana Polsky and Outi Paloposki, without whom this dissertation would not have been as good! Sveta, it is a luxury to have a supervisor who, apart from having great knowledge on Russian literature, has also done research on the very same novel as I have. I really appreciate all our talks about Kys´! Furthermore, I would especially like to thank you for always trusting in my ability to finish this project. I hardly know of any PhD students who have as many side projects as me (okay, maybe Houman Sadri). No matter how many articles, conference presentations, summer schools and student union tasks I wanted to take on you never tried to dissuade me. You always seemed certain that I would be able to finish the dissertation and that really means a lot to me! Outi, I am so grateful to have met you and that you agreed to be my deputy supervisor. I really needed your competence in translation studies, and you have supported me immensely regarding both my project and when it comes to believing in myself. I now feel prepared to defend this dissertation, thanks to our many discussions regarding the more theoretical and methodological aspects of my project. Another thing that really meant a lot to me was how you vii welcomed me into your Finnish circle of PhD students. Spending time in Turku and Tartu with you guys made me feel almost as if I had classmates again! Before I met you, I had never heard of supervisors arranging annual weeklong writing retreats with their PhD students. It is an amazing thing and you are a great inspiration. You are the kind of supervisor I want to become one day! Now, the time has come to thank my Slavist colleagues at the University of Gothenburg: Antoaneta Granberg, Thomas Rosén and Iril Hove Ullestad. Thank you for your valuable advice and for always being there when I needed someone to talk to. Morgan Nilsson, since you are an ex-Slavist nowadays, I will give you a section of your own. You have always been an inspiration to me, even though you are a linguist. I am happy to have you as a friend and the PhD years would not have been as fun without our lunches and talks. Two people were extremely important for the final version of this dissertation: my external examiner Susanna Witt and my proofreader Mary Chambers. Sanna, thank you for your careful reading of my text, valuable comments and positive feedback. Mary, I am truly impressed by your fast and meticulous work. Thank you! I would recommend your services to anyone. I have many colleagues who have brightened up my everyday life as a PhD student. Linda Flores Olsson, I admire you so much! I wish I had some of your energy. Apart from working full time and being a mom, you have time to arrange super impressive dinners and parties. You saved me from becoming completely boring during these years! Houman Sadri, it has been so much fun to have you as a partner in crime (student union business) and I have often started my days at work by coming by your office for a chat. I also want to thank Iginia Barretta and Gabriela Mercado (who has already finished her PhD and moved to Mexico – I still consider you a colleague, though!) simply for being amazing colleagues. I also have a special group of translation studies friends with whom I have been able to discuss problematic issues along the way: Elisabeth Bladh, Maria Forsman, Anja Allwood and Angela Kölling (who ceased to be a colleague but remained a friend!). Thank you! Alex Cravcenco, my GUDK colleague, thank you for support and nice talks. Every humanities PhD student ought to have a friend from the hard sciences to get some perspective! Oh, Evelina Johansson, a special thanks to you for putting up with my complete mess in our office (I blame the dissertation). I am sorry… I am surprised you did not file complaints against me. I hope you will get a tidier roommate next time. viii At SPL, we have an amazing administration that really facilitates life for PhD students. You rock! It is always dangerous to start mentioning names, because you risk forgetting someone. Anyway, I will take that risk and mention the people I have had the most contact with over the years: Thanks especially Mia, Sarah, Solveig, Michael, Nicole, Katarina and Nick. Thank you also Gunhild and Malin for being amazing assistant heads of department for third cycle education, and Gunnar, Katharina and Petra for your upright leadership and open doors. I want to thank my non-university friends Jeanette, Michelle and Anna for not de-friending me during these years. I love you guys! Even if we have not met very often lately, I have always felt your support and you are so important to me. I know that I have become boring and tired, and that I completely suck at partying. I hope getting my PhD will grant me new party powers. Givetvis vill jag också tacka min fina familj: Vincent, Vera-Linn och Yury för att ni är underbara och för att ni har fått mig att tänka på annat än avhandlingen under helger och semestrar. Jag älskar er och är supertacksam för ert stöd! Jag hoppas att ni ska få en lite mindre pressad och fokuserad mamma/fru framöver! Sist men inte minst, tack mamma och pappa för allt ni har gjort. Ni har alltid stöttat mig i allt jag har företagit mig, och ni har alltid fått mig att känna att ingenting är omöjligt. Jag är så oerhört tacksam för allt stöd och all hjälp jag har fått under alla dessa år. Det är tidvis svårt att doktorera med små barn. Ibland vill man bara stanna på jobbet och fortsätta skriva efter fem… Det har ni gett mig möjlighet till. Två år i rad (eller är det fler?) har jag fått två ”barnfria” veckor innan semestern. Det har varit helt ovärderligt! Ni har också stöttat Yury när jag har varit iväg på längre resor och sommarskolor. Jag älskar er! Tack! ix To Mom and Dad xi Table of Contents ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................
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