DOCSLIB.ORG

Populist Conspiracy Narratives and Other Forms of Disinformation in Croatia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Populist Conspiracy Narratives and Other Forms of Disinformation in Croatia 134 DISINFORNATION: DISINFORMATION PRACTICES IN CEE Populist Conspiracy Narratives and Other Forms of Disinformation in Croatia DANIEL HINŠT DANIEL HINŠT 135 isinformation affects many activities derive primarily from populist ad- Western liberal democracies. vocates of authoritarian solutions, includ- It undermines public trust in ing the Kremlin regime. important values of free soci- eties, the institutional frame- In this context, populist conspiracy narra- Dworks of the European Union (EU) and tives in the Croatian political context may NATO, civil liberties, different minorities, also be relevant for a broader EU and NATO and the market economy. Disinformation framework. The article describes the context of disin- formation and populism, the EU and Croa- tian policy to counter disinformation, the Croatian political context and mentions certain examples of disinformation. DISINFORMATION Policy solutions for Croatia and the Europe- an Union could include counterintelligence IS FALSE measures focused on detecting, confront- ing, containing, and downsizing this issue, OR MISLEADING all in line with the EU policy framework. INFORMATION, While Croatia has started to develop its in- stitutional structure and tackle disinforma- WHICH IF LEFT tion by fostering media literacy, there is still an open space for a comprehensive policy UNVERIFIED, HAS direction, which could include nongovern- mental and the private sector, and create THE POTENTIAL a multidisciplinary policy network. TO SOW Such an inclusive solution would foster voluntary cooperation and a strong civil CONFUSION society, instead of restricting freedom of IN PUBLIC expression. This article represents the first Croatian initiative in the liberal policy direc- DIALOGUE, tion. POLITICAL UNDERSTANDING DISINFORMATION AND POPULISM POLARIZATION Disinformation is false or misleading infor- mation, which if left unverified, has the po- AND DISTRUST tential to sow confusion in public dialogue, political polarization and distrust of the po- OF THE POLITICAL litical system and democratic institutions1. It SYSTEM can also be used to question the existence AND DEMOCRATIC 1 Atlantic Council, Disinformation. Available [online]: INSTITUTIONS https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/disinformation/ 136 DISINFORNATION: DISINFORMATION PRACTICES IN CEE mind that: “Democracy is not given, and we have to fight for it if we want to preserve it”3. POPULISTS Disinformation is often connected with populism, according to which a society is OFTEN USE divided into two homogeneous and oppos- GENERALIZED, ing groups – honest people and a corrupt elite. Although they may acknowledge dif- SIMPLIFIED ferences between individual political elites (e.g. Christian Democrats, Liberals, or Social AND POLARIZING Democrats), populists do not differentiate politicians and claim that all of them are “the CONCLUSIONS same”. They often use the rhetoric of cha- os, crisis, and hopelessness, blame “corrupt WITH REGARDS and incompetent” political elites (“oligarchy, cliques”) for the situation, and they want to TO POLITICAL, “return alienated politics to the people”.4 ECONOMIC Populists often use generalized, simplified AND SOCIOLOGICAL and polarizing conclusions with regards to political, economic and sociological facts, FACTS, AS WELL as well as standards of liberal democracies throughout the Western world. Therefore, AS STANDARDS they often trivialize specific (positive) in- formation about public policies, in order OF LIBERAL to justify their completely negative under- standing of reality, which consists of creat- DEMOCRACIES ing exaggerated, irrational, imprecise and THROUGHOUT meaningless ideological dilemmas. THE WESTERN At the same time, it is worth to mention that a growing number of organizations, think WORLD tanks, and institutions have been involved in the detection of and fight against dis- information, such as the Czech think tank European Values within the Kremlin Watch project, The Kremlin Playbook5 of the of the European project2. Moreover, as Eu- 3 Jourová, V. (2020) Dinsinfo Horizon: Responding to ropean Commission’s Vice President Věra Future Threats, a conference paper. Available [online]: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/ Jourová framed it: most disinformation ac- en/SPEECH_20_160 tivities aim to "blur lines, polarize, make us 4 Grbeša, M. and B. Šalaj (2020) Ideološki izazov; Agen- indifferent". Moreover, it shall be borne in cija za elektoničke medije, UNICEF. Available [online]: https://www.medijskapismenost.hr/wp-content/up- loads/2020/06/ideoloski-izazov.pdf 2 European Commission (2018) “Action Plan Against Disinformation”, [in]: JOIN, No. 36. Available [online]: 5 European External Action Service, EU vs Disinfo. https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/action_plan_ Available [online]: https://euvsdisinfo.eu/disinforma- against_disinformation.pdf tion-cases/ DANIEL HINŠT 137 Centre for Strategic & International Studies’, agitation, subversion, repression, decep- the European External Action Service with tion and murder. The Cheka and its suc- the EU vs Disinfo portal6, and the Atlantic cessors sowed chaos abroad with prop- Council’s Disinfo Portal7. aganda, disinformation and sabotage while managing mass arrests and gulags DISINFORMATION’S 100+ YEAR-OLD at home. Indeed, the Kremlin deployed BACKGROUND an army of spies and recruited inform- One could claim that there is nothing new ants around the world to steal secrets, regarding disinformation. It is true. How- spread disinformation and support ter- ever, such generalizations often ignore, rorists and rogue regimes”8. relativize, and trivialize this increasingly common political phenomenon, which has The methods Cheka used were continued a specific source. Although not always, dis- after the Cold War by the KGB, mainly by information activities often derive from ad- confronting the CIA as the central place vocates of authoritarian solutions, includ- for confronting the spread of communism. ing the Kremlin regime. There is a deep and One K.G.B. spy is current Russian President complex background, which has already Vladimir Putin. He ultimately had a hard created narratives before, mostly by Soviet time with the collapse of the Soviet Union, and then Russian intelligence, in order to as well as his entire secret service. As Sipher undermine liberal democratic institutions adds: and civic values of open societies. The background of modern disinformation 8 warfare is rooted in the world’s premier Sipher, J. (2019) “Putin’s One Weapon: The ‘Intelli- gence State’”, [in]: New York Times. Available [online]: communist regime, more than hundred https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/24/opinion/putin- years ago. The most relevant source is John russia-security-services.html Sipher, head of the CIA station in Moscow, with a 28-year career in the CIA’s National Clandestine Service. As he explained, “[a]fter the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, Vladimir Lenin established a secret po- DISINFORMATION lice service called the Cheka to be his main weapon of repression and terror. ACTIVITIES Over the decades, the Soviet and Rus- sian secret services developed tools and OFTEN DERIVE habits based on their Chekist experience that set them apart from their counter- FROM ADVOCATES parts in the West. Rather than focusing on collecting and analyzing intelligence, OF AUTHORITARIAN they developed expertise in propaganda, SOLUTIONS, 6 Atlantic Council, Disinfo Portal. Available [online]: htt- ps://disinfoportal.org/ INCLUDING 7 Sipher, J. (2019) “Putin’s One Weapon: The ‘Intelli- gence State’”, [in]: New York Times. Available [online]: THE KREMLIN https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/24/opinion/putin- russia-security-services.html REGIME 138 DISINFORNATION: DISINFORMATION PRACTICES IN CEE “A decade after the Soviet Union fell, rope region face the same national security Mr. Putin rose to power and recruited challenge. many of his former K.G.B. colleagues to help rebuild the state. The result is a re- EU POLICY AGAINST gime with the policies and philosophy DISINFORMATION of a supercharged secret police service, Based on the previously mentioned vul- a regime that relies on intelligence op- nerabilities towards disinformation it is im- erations to deal with foreign policy chal- portant to look at the role the EU plays in lenges and maintain control at home”9. fighting the influences of disinformation. The European Commission’s Action Plan The Baltic and the Central Eastern Euro- Against Disinformation provides four policy pean countries that belong to the Three guidelines for the EU and its member states: Seas Initiative immediately turned to the West when the totalitarian Kremlin-led I. Improving the capabilities of Union control disappeared. In addition to close institutions to detect, analyze and relations with the neighboring Nordic and expose disinformation – the Strategic Western European countries, these states Communication Task Force and Intel- have developed a strong and geopoliti- ligence and Situation Center within cally important foreign policy partnership the European External Action Service, with the United States, without which com- Member States); munism would not have fallen. The spread of U.S. led liberal democracy, the EU and II. Strengthening coordinated and joint NATO enlargement to these countries has responses to disinformation - Rapid been a source of disappointment for Rus- Alert System for addressing disinfor- sia. Therefore, President Putin has used mation, working within the existing the strengthening of his authoritarian and networks,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Radovan Karadžić: Godine Suđenja Ratnom Lideru
    IZDAVAČ Radovan Karadžić: Godine suđenja ratnom lideru Zbirka svih članaka BIRN-a o suđenju Radovanu Karadžiću pred Međunarodnim krivičnim sudom za bivšu Jugoslaviju i Međunarodnim rezidualnim mehanizmom UN-a za krivične sudove. Ova elektronska knjiga sadrži vesti, analize, intervjue i druge članke o suđenju bivšem lideru bosanskih Srba za zločine koji mu se stavljaju na teret, uključujući genocid, ratne zločine i zločine protiv čovečnosti počinjene tokom sukoba u Bosni i Hercegovini. Proizvedeno od strane Balkanske istraživačke regionalne mreže. Uvod U toku mandata Radovana Karadžića, ratnog predsednika Republike Srp- ske, eniteta naseljenog prevashodno Srbima, počinjeni su neki od na- jstrašnijih zločina na tlu Evrope nakon Drugog svetskog rata. Nakon što mu je, u martu 2016. godine, izrečena prvostepena presuda, na koju je uložio žalbu 20. marta 2019. godine, 73-godišnjem Karadžiću biće izrečena konačna presuda. Prvostepenom presudom proglašen je krivim za genocid u Srebrenici, progon i istrebljenje Hrvata i Bošnjaka iz 20 opština širom Bosne i Her- cegovine, a osuđen je i za učešće u zajedničkom zločinačkom poduhvatu terorisanja civilnog stanovništva Sarajeva tokom opsade ovog grada. Pored toga, proglašen je krivim i za držanje pripadnika mirovnih snaga Ujedin- jenih nacija taocima. Optužnica protiv Karadžića podignuta je od strane Međunarodnog kriv- ičnog suda za bivšu Jugoslaviju 1995. godine. Karadžić je potom proveo 12 godina u bekstvu, a konačno je uhapšen u Beogradu 2008. godine i izručen tribunalu UN-a. Kao bivši predsednik Republike Srpske i vrhovni komandant vojske bosan- skih Srba, predstavlja jednu od najviše rangiranih političkih ličnosti op- tuženih pred sudom u Hagu. BIRN je pažljivo pratio celokupno suđenje Karadžiću i do sada smo ob- javili više od 570 priča, analiza i mišljenja, intervjua i drugih članaka na ovu temu.
    [Show full text]
  • Utjecaj I Rizici Klimatskih Promjena
    A M A R Č A U Š E V I Ć S A S J A B E S L I K F A R U K H A D Ž I Ć R O B E R T G R I F F I N HERCEGOVINABOSNA I KLIMATSKIHUTJECAJ PROMJENA I RIZICI BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA UTJECAJ I RIZICI KLIMATSKIH PROMJENA Amar Čaušević Sasja Beslik Faruk Hadžić Robert Griffin Autori: Amar Čaušević Sasja Beslik Faruk Hadžić Robert Griffin Recenzenti: Admir Čavalić Edhem 'Eddie' Čustović Izdavač: Multi, Damira Hadžibeganovića 115 75000 Tuzla, Bosna i Hercegovina Lektor: Adnan Imamović Amar Kavgić Tabele i grafikoni: Autori Ilustracije i slike: Canva Štampa Elektronsko izdanje ---------------------------------------- CIP - Katalogizacija u publikaciji Nacionalna i univerzitetska biblioteka Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo 551.583:338(497.6) BOSNA i Hercegovina [Elektronski izvor] : utjecaj i rizici klimatskih promjena / Amar Čausević ... [et al.]. - El. knjiga. - Tuzla : Udruženje građana Multi, 2020 Način pristupa (URL): http://multi.ba/sve-publikacije/. - Nasl. sa nasl. ekrana. - Opis izvora dana 29. 9. 2020. ISBN 978-9926-8496-1-0 1.Čausević, Amar COBISS.BH-ID 40692230 -------------------------------------- Prvo izdanje, Sarajevo, 2020. Sva prava zadržana. Zabranjeno kopiranje, umnožavanje i distribucija bez pismenog odobrenja izdavača. Stavovi izraženi u ovoj knjizi su isključivo stavovi autora i ne odražavaju nužno stavove recenzenata. SADRŽAJ POPIS SKRAĆENICA 7 PREDGOVOR 8 SAŽETAK 11 KONTEKST ZEMLJE 13 Socioekonomski kontekst i politička pozadina 13 Tabela 1. Glavne društveno-ekonomske statistike BiH 14 Uloga fosilnih goriva u ekonomiji Bosne i Hercegovine 15 Percepcija klimatskih promjena u Bosni i Hercegovini 16 KLIMATSKE PROMJENE UNUTAR INSTITUCIONALNOG UREĐENJA I ZAKONSKIH OKVIRA 17 Slika 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Outreach Report 2012 ICTY Annual Outreach Report 2012
    UNITED NATIONS - NATIONS UNIES International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia Tribunal Pénal International pour l’ex-Yougoslavie ICTY Annual Outreach Report 2012 ICTY Annual Outreach Report 2012 A publicati on of the Outreach Programme, Registry, ICTY Editor in Chief: Nerma Jelačić Contents Editor: Magdalena Spalińska Contents Manager: Rada Pejić-Sremac and Petar Finci Graphics Editor: Leslie Hondebrink-Hermer Photographs: The ICTY Outreach Programme, Leslie Hondebrink-Hermer and Zoran Lešić Contributors: Francesca Bowen, Helena Eggleston, Joanna Ellis Adwan, Aleksandar Konti ć, Frederik Swinnen, Ljiljana Piteša and Carline Ameerali Proofreading: Nicholas Beston, Joanna Ellis Adwan Circulati on: 1,000 copies Printed in The Netherlands, 2013 Table of Contents Foreword by the ICTY President ................................................. 3 Outreach Programme of the ICTY ............................................. 5 Youth Outreach .......................................................................................... 7 Media Outreach ...................................................................................... 13 Community Outreach ........................................................................ 19 Capacity Building ................................................................................... 25 Annexes .......................................................................................................... 29 Annex I: Stati sti cs ..................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Popular Music and Narratives of Identity in Croatia Since 1991
    Popular music and narratives of identity in Croatia since 1991 Catherine Baker UCL I, Catherine Baker, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated / the thesis. UMI Number: U592565 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U592565 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 2 Abstract This thesis employs historical, literary and anthropological methods to show how narratives of identity have been expressed in Croatia since 1991 (when Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia) through popular music and through talking about popular music. Since the beginning of the war in Croatia (1991-95) when the state media stimulated the production of popular music conveying appropriate narratives of national identity, Croatian popular music has been a site for the articulation of explicit national narratives of identity. The practice has continued into the present day, reflecting political and social change in Croatia (e.g. the growth of the war veterans lobby and protests against the Hague Tribunal).
    [Show full text]
  • Matica Srpska Department of Social Sciences Synaxa Matica Srpska International Journal for Social Sciences, Arts and Culture
    MATICA SRPSKA DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES SYNAXA MATICA SRPSKA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR SOCIAL SCIENCES, ARTS AND CULTURE Established in 2017 2–3 (1–2/2018) Editor-in-Chief Časlav Ocić (2017‒ ) Editorial Board Dušan Rnjak Katarina Tomašević Editorial Secretary Jovana Trbojević Language Editor and Proof Reader Aleksandar Pavić Articles are available in full-text at the web site of Matica Srpska http://www.maticasrpska.org.rs/ Copyright © Matica Srpska, Novi Sad, 2018 SYNAXA СИН@КСА♦ΣΎΝΑΞΙΣ♦SYN@XIS Matica Srpska International Journal for Social Sciences, Arts and Culture 2–3 (1–2/2018) NOVI SAD 2018 Publication of this issue was supported by City Department for Culture of Novi Sad and Foundation “Novi Sad 2021” CONTENTS ARTICLES AND TREATISES Srđa Trifković FROM UTOPIA TO DYSTOPIA: THE CREATION OF YUGOSLAVIA IN 1918 1–18 Smiljana Đurović THE GREAT ECONOMIC CRISIS IN INTERWAR YUGOSLAVIA: STATE INTERVENTION 19–35 Svetlana V. Mirčov SERBIAN WRITTEN WORD IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR: STRUGGLING FOR NATIONAL AND STATEHOOD SURVIVAL 37–59 Slavenko Terzić COUNT SAVA VLADISLAVIĆ’S EURO-ASIAN HORIZONS 61–74 Bogoljub Šijaković WISDOM IN CONTEXT: PROVERBS AND PHILOSOPHY 75–85 Milomir Stepić FROM (NEO)CLASSICAL TO POSTMODERN GEOPOLITICAL POSTULATES 87–103 Nino Delić DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS IN THE DISTRICT OF SMEDEREVO: 1846–1866 105–113 Miša Đurković IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL CONFLICTS ABOUT POPULAR MUSIC IN SERBIA 115–124 Mirjana Veselinović-Hofman TOWARDS A BOTTOMLESS PIT: THE DRAMATURGY OF SILENCE IN THE STRING QUARTET PLAY STRINDBERG BY IVANA STEFANOVIĆ 125–134 Marija Maglov TIME TIIIME TIIIIIIME: CONSIDERING THE PROBLEM OF MUSICAL TIME ON THE EXAMPLE OF VLASTIMIR TRAJKOVIĆ’S POETICS AND THOMAS CLIFTON’S AESTHETICS 135–142 Milan R.
    [Show full text]
  • Univerza V Ljubljani Fakulteta Za Družbene Vede
    UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FAKULTETA ZA DRUŽBENE VEDE Maruša Ikovic Ratko Mladić, Ante Gotovina in Radovan Karadžić: narodni heroji in vojni zločinci Diplomsko delo Ljubljana, 2011 UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FAKULTETA ZA DRUŽBENE VEDE Maruša Ikovic Mentor: doc. dr. Iztok Prezelj Ratko Mladić, Ante Gotovina in Radovan Karadžić: narodni heroji in vojni zločinci Diplomsko delo Ljubljana, 2011 ZAHVALA Iskrena hvala svojemu mentorju, doc. dr. Iztoku Prezlju, za sprejeto mentorstvo in konstruktivno kritiko, ki mi je bila v veliko pomoč pri nastajanju diplomskega dela. Rada bi izrazila hvaležnost in spoštovanje svojima staršema, Franciju in Tanji, ki sta mi omogočila študij, ter mi z vso ljubeznijo in potrpljenjem stala ob strani v vseh lepih in slabih trenutkih. Zavedam se, da brez vaju sedaj ne bi pisala diplomskega dela. Najlepša hvala za vsak spodbuden glas. Velika hvala tudi fantu Alešu, za vso podporo, takšno in drugačno, ter vedno strokovno podkovane nasvete pri študiju in izdelavi naloge. Hvaležna sem ti za neizmerno zaupanje, trud in potrpljenje. Brez tebe bi bilo veliko težje. Posebna zahvala gre tudi intervjuvancu, Z. I., za čas in osebno izpoved dogodkov, čeprav je to privedlo na dan veliko bolečih spominov. Zahvalila bi se tudi vsem, ki tukaj niste posebej omenjeni, vendar ste mi v času študija in pisanja diplomskega dela pomagali in stali ob strani. Hvala za lepe čase, ki smo jih preživeli skupaj. Hvala vsem in vsakemu posebej! Ratko Mladić, Ante Gotovina in Radovan Karadžić: narodni heroji in vojni zločinci Razpad Jugoslavije leta 1991 in težnje držav po osamosvajanju so prinesle krvave boje na etnično razpršenih tleh. Novoustanovljene umetne meje niso bile pravično postavljene za vse ljudi.
    [Show full text]
  • Prvi Nacionalni Izvještaj Bosne I Hercegovine U Skladu Sa Okvirnom Konvencijom Ujedinjenih Nacija O Klimatskim Promjenama
    PRVI NACIONALNI IZVJEŠTAJ BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE U SKLADU SA OKVIRNOM KONVENCIJOM UJEDINJENIH NACIJA O KLIMATSKIM PROMJENAMA Banja Luka, oktobar 2009. godine 3 PRVI NACIONALNI IZVJEŠTAJ BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE U SKLADU SA OKVIRNOM KONVENCIJOM UJEDINJENIH NACIJA O KLIMATSKIM PROMJENAMA (UNFCCC) Banja Luka, oktobar 2009. godine Autori: Projektni odbor: Goran Vukmir, Ljiljana Stanišljević, Mehmed Cero, Merzuk Cacan, Milena Marković, Mladen Rudež, Ozren Laganin, Radmila Kostić, Senad Oprašić, Suada Ćatović i Tomislav Lukić. UNDP BiH: Goran Vukmir Igor Palandžić Siniša Rodić Nikola Arežina Stručni tim za INC: Borislav Jakšić, koordinator projekta Martin Tais, vođa tima Petar Gvero, vođa tima Aleksandar Knežević, vođa tima Aida Muminović, Amila Selmanagić, Anđa Kalem - Perić, Andrea Marković, Azrudin Husika, Berislav Blagojević, Borko Sorajić, Bosiljka Stojanović, Đorđe Vojinović, Dragica Aksić, Ermina Iljezović, Esena Kupusović, Goran Trbić, Gordana Tica, Hamid Ćustović, Jasmin Bučo, Jasmina Ćomić, Kasim Tatić, Lazo Roljić, Mediha Voloder, Merima Karabegović, Mihajlo Marković, Milovan Kotur, Murat Prašo, Nada Rudan, Predrag Ilić, Radislav Tošić, Ranka Radić, Sabina Hodžić, Samir Đug, Saša Papuga, Selma Čengić, Semin Petrović, Stela Pavlović, Susan Legro, Vladimir Bjelić, Željko Majstorović i Zijad Jagodić 4 Prvi nacionalni izvještaj Bosne i Hercegovine u skladu sa Okvirnom konvencijom Ujedinjenih nacija o klimatskim promjenama SADRŽAJ UVOD......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Disinformation in the Online Sphere: the Case of Bih
    Disinformation in the online sphere The case of BiH PUBLISHER: Citizens’ Association "Why Not" AUTHORS: Tijana Cvjetićanin, Emir Zulejhić, Darko Brkan, Biljana Livančić-Milić EDITOR: Tijana Cvjetićanin RESEARCH CONSULTANT: Lucas Graves DATA ANALYSIS: Imer Muhović INTERVIEWS WITH STAKEHOLDERS: Anida Sokol DESK RESEARCH, CONSULTATIONS ON MEDIA REGULATION AND SELF-REGULATION: Sanela Hodžić PROOFREADING AND TRANSLATION: Dragana Jokić Citizens' Association "Why Not" This publication was produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of C.A. "Why Not" and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union. DISINFORMATION IN THE ONLINE SPHERE: THE CASE OF BIH April, 2019 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 1. DISINFORMATION: GLOBAL CONTEXT AND IMPLICATIONS 11 1.1. Political disinformation: The European context 14 1.2. Disinformation: The regional context 15 1.3. Fact-checking 17 2. METHODOLOGY OVERVIEW 18 2.1. Rating system 18 3. DATA ANALYSIS 21 3.1. Types of media manipulations 21 3.2. Analysis of the media sample 22 3.2.1. Types of media outlets 22 3.2.1.1. Reach on social media 25 3.2.1.2. Mode of operation of anonymous “media” 25 3.2.2. Media outlets by location 28 3.2.3. Individual media outlets 29 3.3. Sources and redistributors of political disinformation 33 3.3.1. Sources 34 3.3.2. Redistributors 37 3.4. Targets and beneficiaries of political disinformation 40 3.4.1. Portrayal of the EU in the sample 45 3.5. Disinformation hubs 47 3.5.1. Examples of content produced by the main disinformation hub 55 3.5.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Economic Diversification in Bosnia and Herzegovina of Economic Diversification Analysis FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia
    This project is funded by the European Union Please address comments and inquiries to: Regional Offi ce for Europe and Central Asia Food and Agriculture Organiza on of the United Na ons (FAO) Analysis of economic diversiication in Benczúr u. 34, 1068 Budapest, Hungary Telephone: (+36) 1 461 2000 Fax: (+36) 1 351 7029 Bosnia and Herzegovina Email: [email protected] Website: www.fao.org/europe/en Preparation of IPARD Sector Analyses in Bosnia and Herzegovina Electronic Version of the report: h p://www.fao.org/europe/publica ons/documents-and-reports/IPARD-BiH/ 2012 FAO Regional Offi ce for Europe and Central Asia Analysis of economic diversiication in Bosnia and Herzegovina of economic diversiication Analysis 31 August 2012 FAO Regional Ofice for Europe and Central Asia Analysis of economic diversifi ca on in Bosnia and Herzegovina Prepara on of IPARD Sector Analyses in Bosnia and Herzegovina GCP/BIH/007/EC Contract number: 2010/256–560 Regional Offi ce for Europe and Central Asia Food and Agriculture Organiza on of the United Na ons This publica on has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publica on are the sole responsibility of the Regional Offi ce for Europe and Central Asia of the Food and Agriculture Organiza on of the United Na ons and can in no way be taken to refl ect the views of the European Union. The designa ons employed and the presenta on of material in this publica on do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organiza on of the United Na ons (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authori es, or concerning the delimita on of its fron ers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Brothers in Arms?
    BROTHERS IN ARMS? Discourse analysis of Serbian and Montenegrin identities and relations as constructed in Politika and Pobjeda front page articles during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999 By Tatjana Radanovi Felberg A thesis submitted to the Department of Literature, Area Studies and European Languages at the Faculty of Humanities, University of Oslo, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D Supervisor Dr. Ljiljana Šari University of Oslo Oslo, February 2008 © Tatjana Radović Felberg, 2008 Series of dissertations submitted to the Faculty of Humanities,University of Oslo No. 362 ISSN 0806-3222 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission. Cover: Inger Sandved Anfinsen. Printed in Norway: AiT e-dit AS, Oslo, 2008. Produced in co-operation with Unipub AS. The thesis is produced by Unipub AS merely in connection with the thesis defence. Kindly direct all inquiries regarding the thesis to the copyright holder or the unit which grants the doctorate. Unipub AS is owned by The University Foundation for Student Life (SiO) The cover illustration is based on a photograph of two ceramic figures showing a Montenegrin on the left and a Serb on the right. These were popular souvenirs sold in Serbia and Montenegro after 2000. Contents CONTENTS I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS VI GENERAL NOTES VIII LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS IX LIST OF FIGURES X LIST OF TABLES XII 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 AIMS AND SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH 2 1.2 CORPUS 7 1.3 LITERATURE REVIEW 9 1.3.1 MEDIA AND THE WARS IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA 9 1.3.2 NATO BOMBING AND THE MEDIA 10 1.3.3 RELATIONS BETWEEN SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO 11 1.4 IDENTITIES, RELATIONS AND EVENTS 11 1.5 OVERVIEW OF THE THESIS 13 1.6 ROLE OF THE ANALYST 15 PART I 17 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Organisational Learning in Serbia During the Transition: the Legacy of Božidar Cerović and His Contribution to Transition Research
    ECONOMIC ANNALS, Volume LXV, No. 225 / April – June 2020 UDC: 3.33 ISSN: 0013-3264 https://doi.org/10.2298/EKA2025073A Ana Aleksić Mirić* Biljana Bogićević Milikić** Nebojša Janićijević*** ORGANISATIONAL LEARNING IN SERBIA DURING THE TRANSITION: THE LEGACY OF BOŽIDAR CEROVIĆ AND HIS CONTRIBUTION TO TRANSITION RESEARCH ABSTRACT: In this paper we address the organisational learning as characterised issue of organisational learning in Serbia by the specific learning context, shaded by during the transition, based extensively on macro-level determinants and distinctive the research work of Božidar Cerović that learning antecedents, nature, practices, was published in his conference papers, and outcomes, and provide a theoretical academic journals, books, and edited vol- framework using institutional organisation umes from the 1990s onwards, as well as theory to highlight the specific issue of or- in our joint research. We delineate three ganisational learning in Serbia during the generations of organisational learning in transition of South-Eastern Europe. the post-1989 transformation, which cor- respond to the transition periods com- KEY WORDS: learning, knowledge, tran- prehensively analysed in Cerović’s work. sition, Serbia We discuss each of these generations of JEL CLASSIFICATION: P31, P21, M10 * University of Belgrade, Faculty of Economics, Serbia, [email protected] ** University of Belgrade, Faculty of Economics, Serbia, [email protected] *** University of Belgrade, Faculty of Economics, [email protected] 73 Economic Annals, Volume LXV, No. 225 / April – June 2020 1. INTRODUCTION The economic model of ‘self-management’ in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (henceforth Yugoslavia), which was instituted in the 1950s after conflict with the USSR and lasted until the 1990s (Praščević, 2019), was considered a ‘special case’ (Child & Czegledy, 1996), even though several Eastern European countries followed a similar pattern of economic and social development from the late 1960s.
    [Show full text]
  • Federalizam, Ravnopravnost, Održivost
    BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA FEDERALIZAM, RAVNOPRAVNOST, ODRŽIVOST Studija preustroja BiH u cilju osiguravanja institucionalne jednakopravnosti konstitutivnih naroda BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA FEDERALISM, EQUALITY, SUSTAINABILITY A study of BiH redesign to secure institutional equality of constituent peoples idpi Bosna i Hercegovina – federalizam, ravnopravnost, održivost Studija preustroja BiH u cilju osiguravanja institucionalne jednakopravnosti konstitutivnih naroda BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINa – fEDERALISM, EQUALITY, SUSTAINABILITY A study of BiH redesign to secure institutional equality of constituent peoples Bosna i Hercegovina federalizam, ravnopravnost, održivost Studija preustroja BiH u cilju osiguravanja institucionalne jednakopravnosti konstitutivnih naroda Bosnia and Herzegovina FEDERALISM, EQUALITY, SUSTAINABILITY A study of BiH redesign to secure institutional equality of constituent peoples [1. izdanje] Izdavač / Publisher Institut za društveno-politička istraživanja (IDPI), Mostar Institute for social and political research (IDPI), Mostar Za izdavača / For publisher Josip Blažević Urednici / Editors Ivan Vukoja Milan Sitarski Prevoditelj / Translator Dr. sc. Dražen Pehar Prijelom sloga i dizajn naslovnice / Book layout and cover design www.CAKUMPAKUM.net Tisak / Print Grafotisak, Grude [Tisak dovršen u veljači 2016.] studija Je objavlJenA Uz fInAncijsku PotporU DržAvnoG Ureda zA Hrvate IzvAn republike Hrvatske. © IDPI ------------------------------------------------- CIP - Katalogizacija u publikaciji Nacionalna i univerzitetska biblioteka
    [Show full text]