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Central Asia the Caucasus CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS No. 2(50), 2008 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS Journal of Social and Political Studies 2(50) 2008 CA&CC Press® SWEDEN 1 No. 2(50), 2008FOUNDED AND PUBLISHEDCENTRAL ASIA AND BYTHE CAUCASUS INSTITUTE INSTITUTE O OR CENTRAL ASIAN AND STRATEGIC STUDIES O CAUCASIAN STUDIES THE CAUCASUS Registration number: 620720-0459 Registration number: M-770 State Administration for Ministry of Justice of Patents and Registration of Sweden Azerbaijan Republic PUBLISHING HOUSE CA&CC Press®. SWEDEN Registration number: 556699-5964 Journal registration number: 23 614 State Administration for Patents and Registration of Sweden E d i t o r i a l C o u n c i l Eldar Chairman of the Editorial Council ISMAILOV Tel./fax: (994 - 12) 497 12 22 E-mail: [email protected] Murad ESENOV Editor-in-Chief Tel./fax: (46) 920 62016 E-mail: [email protected] Jannatkhan Executive Secretary (Baku, Azerbaijan) EYVAZOV Tel./fax: (994 - 12) 499 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Timur represents the journal in Kazakhstan (Astana) SHAYMERGENOV Tel./fax: (+7 - 701) 531 61 46 E-mail: [email protected] Leonid represents the journal in Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek) BONDARETS Tel.: (+996 - 312) 65-48-33 E-mail: [email protected] Jamila MAJIDOVA represents the journal in Tajikistan (Dushanbe) Tel.: (992 - 917) 72 81 79 E-mail: [email protected] Farkhad represents the journal in Uzbekistan (Tashkent) TOLIPOV Tel.: (9987-1) 125 43 22 E-mail: [email protected] Aghasi YENOKIAN represents the journal in Armenia (Erevan) Tel.: (374 - 1) 54 10 22 E-mail: [email protected] Ziya KENGERLI represents the journal in Azerbaijan (Baku) Tel.: (+994 50) 3006694 E-mail: [email protected] Guram represents the journal in Georgia (Tbilisi) GOGIASHVILI Tel.: (995 - 32) 96 85 87 E-mail: [email protected] Sun ZHUANGZHI represents the journal in China (Beijing) Tel.: (86) 10-64039088 E-mail: [email protected] Konrad SCHÄFFLER represents the journal in Germany (Munich) Tel.: (49 - 89) 3003132 E-mail: [email protected] Vladimir MESAMED represents the journal in the Middle East (Jerusalem) Tel.: (972 - 2) 5882332 E-mail: [email protected] Irina EGOROVA represents the journal in the Russian Federation (Moscow) Tel.: (7 - 495) 3163146 E-mail: [email protected] Rustem ZHANGUZHIN represents the journal in Ukraine (Kiev) Tel.: (380-44) 524-79-132 E-mail: [email protected] CENTRAL ASIA AND THEE DCAUCASUS I T O R I A L B O A R D No. 2(50), 2008 Giuli ALASANIA Doctor of History, professor, Vice Rector of the International Black Sea University (Georgia) Bülent ARAS Doctor, Chair, Department of International Relations, Fatih University (Turkey) Mariam ARUNOVA Doctor of Political Science, leading research associate, Institute of Oriental Studies, RAS (Russian Federation) Garnik ASATRIAN Doctor of Philology, professor, head of the Department of Iranian Studies, Erevan State University (Armenia) Bakyt BESHIMOV Doctor of History, professor, Vice President, American University-Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan) Ariel COHEN Doctor, leading analyst, The Heritage Foundation, U.S.A. (U.S.A.) William FIERMAN Doctor of Political Science, Professor of Indiana University (U.S.A.) Paul GOBLE Senior Advisor, Voice of America (U.S.A.) Sergei GRETSKY Doctor, Chair of Central Asian Studies, Foreign Service Institute, U.S. Department of State (U.S.A.) Xing GUANGCHENG Doctor of Political Science, professor, Deputy Director of the Institute for East European, Russian and Central Asian Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (China) Alexander IGNATENKO Doctor of Philosophy, specialist in Islamic studies, leading expert of the Institute of Social Systems, Moscow State University, member of the Council for Cooperation with Religious Associations under the Russian Federation President (Russian Federation) Ashurboi IMOMOV Ph.D. (Law), assistant professor, head of the Department of Constitutional Law, Tajik National University (Tajikistan) Lena JONSON Doctor, senior researcher, Swedish Institute of International Affairs (Sweden) Klara KHAFIZOVA Doctor of History, Director, Center for Strategic and International Studies, professor at the International Relations and Foreign Policy Department, Kainar University (Kazakhstan) Jacob M. LANDAU Professor of Political Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Israel) S. Neil MACFARLANE Professor, Director, Center for International Studies, The University of Oxford (Great Britain) Alexei MALASHENKO Doctor of History, professor, Scholar-in-Residence, Ethnicity and Nation-Building Program Co-Chair, The Carnegie Moscow Center (Russian Federation) Abbas MALEKI Dr., Director General, International Institute for Caspian Studies (Iran) Akira Ph.D., History of Central Asia and the Caucasus, Program Officer, The Sasakawa Peace MATSUNAGA Foundation (Japan) Roger N. McDERMOTT Honorary Senior Research Fellow, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Kent at Canterbury (UK) Vitaly NAUMKIN Doctor of History, professor, Director, Center for Strategic and International Studies of RF (Russian Federation) Yerengaip OMAROV Professor, Rector of Kainar University, President of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan) Vladimer PAPAVA Doctor of Economics, professor, Corresponding member of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, Senior Fellow of the Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies (Georgia) S. Frederick STARR Professor, Chairman, The Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, The Johns Hopkins University (U.S.A.) The materials that appear in the journal do not necessarily reflect the Editorial Board and the Editors’ opinion Editorial Office: CA&CC Press AB Hubertusstigen 9. 97455 Luleå SWEDEN WEB ADDRESS: http://www.ca-c.org © Central Asia and the Caucasus, 2008 © CA&CC Press®, 3 2008 No. 2(50), 2008 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS Journal of Social and Political Studies No. 2(50), 2008 IN THIS ISSUE: GEOGRAPHY, GEOPOLITICS, AND THE RELATED TERMS Eldar Ismailov. CENTRAL EURASIA: ITS GEOPOLITICAL FUNCTION IN THE 21ST CENTURY .................................................... 7 Vladimer Papava. “CENTRAL CAUCASASIA” INSTEAD OF “CENTRAL EURASIA” ................................... 30 REGIONAL SECURITY Vladimir Plastun. CENTRAL ASIA IN SEARCH OF STABILITY .................................................. 43 Kornely Kakachia. END OF RUSSIAN MILITARY BASES IN GEORGIA: SOCIAL, POLITICAL AND SECURITY IMPLICATIONS OF WITHDRAWAL ...................................................................... 52 Timur PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF Shaymergenov. NATO’S CENTRAL ASIAN STRATEGY: THE ROLE OF KAZAKHSTAN ................................................. 62 4 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS No. 2(50), 2008 Nugzar RUSSIAN-IRANIAN NUCLEAR COOPERATION: Ter-Oganov. 1992-2006 ...................................................................... 72 NATION-BUILDING Zarif Alizoda. EVOLUTION OF PARLIAMENTARISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN .............................................. 85 Beka Chedia. GEORGIA: DEVALUED PUBLIC CAPITAL AND THE THIRD SECTOR AT THE CROSSROADS ........................................................ 92 RELIGION IN SOCIETY Bakhtiar SECULARISM AND Babajanov. THE INTER-CONFESSIONAL RIFT (Central Asia’s experience) .................................................... 99 Vakhit Akaev. CONFLICTS BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND NON-TRADITIONAL ISLAMIC TRENDS: REASONS, DYNAMICS, AND WAYS TO OVERCOME THEM (based on North Caucasian documents) ...................................... 108 Farrukh Umarov. TAJIKISTAN: SPECIAL FEATURES OF COOPERATION WITH LEADING INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC ORGANIZATIONS ....................................................................... 116 REGIONAL POLITICS Dmitri Varnavskiy. COOPERATION BETWEEN IRAN AND THE CENTRAL ASIAN STATES: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE ...................................................................... 126 Khurshed THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN AND Dodikhudoev, THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN: Vafo Niyatbekov. COOPERATION ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROSPECTS ................................................................................ 133 5 No. 2(50), 2008 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS Nikolai Borisov. THE POLITICAL PROCESS IN UZBEKISTAN TODAY: TRENDS AND PROSPECTS ................................................ 142 Igor Proklov. TURKMENISTAN: CURRENT POLITICS ............................................................. 150 FOR YOUR INFORMATION The Special Feature section in the next issue will discuss: n The Organization for Democracy and Economic Development— GUAM in Regional and International Dimensions n Energy Policy and Energy Projects in Central Eurasia n Central Eurasia: Politics Today 6 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS No. 2(50), 2008 GEOGRAPHY, GEOPOLITICS, AND THE RELATED TERMS CENTRAL EURASIA: ITS GEOPOLITICAL FUNCTION IN THE 21ST CENTURY Eldar M. ISMAILOV Director, Institute of Strategic Studies of the Caucasus (Baku, Azerbaijan) I n L i e u o f a n I n t r o d u c t i o n: Transformation of the Eurasian Geopolitical Expanse oday, when we are concentrating on the The post-COMECON regions: problems of regional studies and regional (1) Central (Eastern) Europe: cooperation, it has become especially im- T n portant to look at the processes going on within post-COMECON countries: Poland, 1 what was once a single military-political and socio- Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Ruma- 2 economic expanse (the Council for Mutual Eco- nia, Bulgaria, Albania, the GDR, nomic Cooperation—COMECON and the War- saw Treaty Organization—WTO) formed by the 1 In
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