9000 7000 5000 30002500 2000 1500 1000800600 400 200BC 0 AD 200 400 600 800 10001200 1400 1600 1800 2000 80006000 4000 2750 2250 1750 1250 900 700 500 300 100 100300 500 700 900 1100 13001500 1700 1900 5200 2900 1200 323 30 632 1925 ORIENT Neolithic Period Chalcolithic Period B r o n z e A g e I r o n A g e Hellenistic Period ������������������������ ��������������� ORIENT
65003000 2000 1650 1200 850 490 334 227 168 27 395 1456 1821
Paleolithic Period Neolithic Period Cycladic Civilization Minoan Mycenaean Dark AgesArchaic Period Classic Roma Empire Byzantine Empire Conquest of the Persian Empire of Alexander the Greate the Alexander of Empire Persian the of Conquest GREECE Antigonoid R o m a n Ottoman EmpireGREECE Plant and animal domesticationLinea A, B Iron Dynasty Republic
7000 4400 3000 2686 2160 2055 1650 1550 1069 664 332 30 395 639Umayyad Dynasty Addasid Dynasty 909 1171A y y u b1250 i d s 1517 1805 1923 Paleolithic Period Neolithic Period Pre Dynastic Early Dynastic Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom 3rd Intermediate Late Period Ptolemaic Kingdom Fatimid Dynasty M a m l u k Muhammad Ali Achaemenid Dynasty
Dynasty Dynasty EGYPT The Great Pyramid of Giza Tutankhamun Cleopatra VII EGYPT
Plant and animal domestication Hieroglyph Alphabet 525 404
9700 8500 7000 Neolithic Pottery Chalcollithic Late 2000 1650 1200 546 133 1453 1922 Halaf Culture Ubaid Culture Pre Pottery Neolithic Early Bronze Age Middle Bronze Age Hittite Empire P h r y g i a L y d i a Lysimachos 1157 1299
Pergamon S e l j u q i d s ANATOLIA Ritual center 241 Anatolian ANATOLIA Assyrian Colony Seleucid Dynasty Seljuqids
Domestication 5900 63 A y y u b i d s Addasid Dynasty Neo-Babylonian Early Bronze Age Assyrian Old M i t a n n i New Kingdom P h o e n i c i a Umayyad Dynasty M a m l u k
SYRIA Arsacid Dynasty Sasanid Dynasty SYRIA Pottery Glass o f E g y p t Glassblowing Dynasty
Hassuna Samarra 5200 4400 2900 2334 2112 2004 1000 609 539 142 1258 A k k a d U r I I I Uruk Culture Uruk Early Dynastic Period Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian I l k h aTimurid n i d Dynasty s
AB 1595 MESOPOTAMIA Urbanization MESOPOTAMIA Temple Old Babylonian K a s s i t e Relief of Protective Buwayhid Dynasty S e l j u q i d s S a f a v i d s Cuneiform Letters Code of Hammurabi Spirit, Apukallu M e d i a 555 226 651 750 932 1062 11941501 1736 1796Dynasty Kajar 1925 Neolithic Period Chalcolithic Period Early Bronze Age Middle Bronze Age Late I r o n A g e Afsharids Z a n d s Bronze 700 1500 1000 IRAN Copper P r o t o E l a m Elam Old Kingdom Elam Middle Kingdom Elam New Kingdom 248 IRAN Kaftari Culture Seizure of Code of Hammurabi Paper production from China AFGHANISTAN 874 999 1186 1370 1707 AFGHANISTAN Nal Kulli Culture Iron Greco-Bactrian Great Yuezhi K u s h a n o - Hephthalite Western Turkic Khaganate Samanids Ghaznavids Kushan Empire 1526 1858 INDUS Pland and animal domestication Pottery Copper Indus Civilization Maurya Indo-Greek S a s a n i d s Buddhas of Bamiyan Ghorids M u g h a l s INDUS 90007000 5000 3000 2000 1000 500 BC 0 AD 500 1000 1500
400 250 592 ����� N a r a 794 1185 1333 1603 1868 �������� A z u c h i - JAPAN ������������ Yayoi Period Kofun Period Heian Period �������� ��������� Edo Period JAPAN
9000 7000 5000 30002500 2000 1500 1000800600 400 200BC 0 AD 200 400 600 800 10001200 1400 1600 1800 2000
BOSNIA- CROATIA HERZEGOVINA SERBIA KAZAKHSTAN ITALY BULGARIA UZBEKISTAN Bishkek MONTENEGRO KOSOVO Black Sea GEORGIA Corsica Roma A MACEDONIA KYRGYZ p ALBANIA �������� TURKEY Tashkent CampaniaLucaniar i a BalKans A n a t o l i a ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN ������� TURKMENISTAN GREECE Troy ������� Göbeklitepe Bukhara Sardegna Samarkand Kültepe Caspian Pergamon Dushanbe Attica Arslantepe
G Ashgabat TAJIKISTAN Athens Corinth Athens Sea Sicilia Göbeklitepe i Marlik Tunis M l Habuba Kabira a Tepe Hissar Nishapur e s o Nimrud n Ebla Tehran Karakorum CYPRUS SYRIA Assur Bamiyan L Isfahan Gandhara Mari p u IRAN Bamiyan Palmyra r i Ecbatana Byblos o Taq-e Bostan Hadda s Kabul Mediterranean Sea LEBANON t t Tepe Sialk Islamabad TUNISIA Damascus a Baghdad a IRAQ n Tripoli ISRAEL Babylon m Susa s Palmyra i Isfahan PAKISTAN Jerusalem Jericho a AFGHANISTAN Ur Chogha Zanbil Rosetta JORDAN Uruk u Delta Ur Iranian Plateau
Lower Egypt Petra F d Harappa Cairo Sinai Persepolis Mehrgarh Giza a Peninsula KUWAIT N i l e r n ALGERIA Upper Egypt New Delhi EGYPT Persepolis s Tepe Yahya Balochistan I LIBYA Mohenjo-daro The Gulf Thebes Mohenjo-daro Kulli Abydos BAHRAIN Thebes QAATAR UNITED INDIA Medina Elephantine ARAB E MIRATES Dholavira SAUDI ARABIA OMAN Abu Simbel Red Sea
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