2013 ( 6) ( 35 ) _ Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Biological Sciences Series Vol. (35) No. (6) 2013
Salvia viridis L. (Lamiaceae )+ , * )*
* 34 1 2 0 ** 6 4 + *** 7
( ( 2013 / 7 / 18 3 ;2 . 2012 / 10 / 31 8 9 )
>=
/. ,- + ()* ' & Salvia viridis L. ? 1 :> 89 9 1 <= ; 9 - : 89 7' 6 : 4 2 23 2 1 0 . . AD 0D C 4 >B <= @A 9 = @/ 7 GC/MS G = 1 = I G 3 7 @ HF G 2 : 3A 7F = 1 1 /4 - 7 N/ ' & ( 0= C 7 H A . . 7H4 1 7 4 1 7 1 7 C
. 3A 7F R 9 R - 8 R( )D @ 6) ) *) : *
. A 2CD A A 3 B A @ * . A 2CD A A A + 4 2 A ; 4E 2 ** . A 2CD A A A + 4 2 A ; 4E 2 ***
113 123 1- (Lamiaceae )@ 6) *) 2 Salvia viridis L.
2013 ( 6) ( 35 ) _ Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Biological Sciences Series Vol. (35) No. (6) 2013
Morphological and Chemical study on Salvia viridis L. ( Lamiaceae ) .
Dr. Ahmad Kara-Ali * Dr. Abeer Sultan ** Salma Deebo ***
(Received 31 / 10 / 2012. Accepted 18 / 7 /2013 )
ABSTRACT
A morphological , anatomical and chemical study was carried out on Salvia viridis L. (Lamiaceae ) . The results showed presence of two types of trichomes : - Glandular hairs with four or eight celled globular heads or with oval heads . - Eglandular hairs which are unicellular or multicellular , in addition to presence of candle shaped eglandular hairs . The palynological study revealed that the pollen grains were prolate and they had six germination lines , exine appeared reticulate . The extraction of volatile oils have been done by dry evaporation using GC/MS technique , chromatographic analysis of these extracts have showed the presence of complex of carboxylic acids , hydrocarbons , terpenes , esters and aldehydes .
Key words : Lamiaceae , Salvia , Trichomes , Pollen , Essential oils .
* Assistant prof , High Institute of Marine Research , Tishreen University , Lattakia , Syria . ** Academic Assistant , Department of Botany, Faculty of Science , Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria . *** Academic Assistant, Department of Botany , Faculty of Science, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria .
114 Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 2013 ( )6 A ( 35 ) A 2 D A
:=F 7 6) Lamiaceae @ 6) *) , ( 9 - ) salvia ,L. W 8 Dicotyledones ) G) 7; I* ( 7[ I* Asteridae 7 I* 7/ Lamiales Magnoliophyta (Angiospermes ) . (Cronquist,1981) . ' 7)[ AD ¯3 + 170 , + - 3200 / Labiatae ) )D (@ 6) *) > 4 9 8 4 l/ 2 3 4 / / G3 F F C A C>A 2 ,- @<- @ 3 3A 7F 6 *) m'H 7 2 . 3[ C-9 H9 9 1 A3 7' 6 3A 7F p CA> @- ¯ o =9 nH 1 3 ' 2/4 A ¯ [ 4 2> m'H p Pikrosalvin @ :/ salvia 8 9 . ( 2005 1>G 2 ) . s @A p 9 NA @ => - R @ 6) *) 4 8 Salvia L. R W 7 0; t Salvia 8 4 + + F A . N/< + G I9 > ' & A . (özdemir et al . , 2009) . C 23 C + - 47 1 + - 90 A 9 A) @ / 2 ' & I* = I N + Salvia W 7 @F , : >= / - 12 2 ;9 7 ) C> A :y 1 > /x + A 1 1 1 2 =t s ) Salvia 8 p + -+ 35 / . : 3A 7F 2 m/ @F 7 C 2;<; 1 R ) ( + A + - 32 0 G (1983) Mouterde 9 (1991 . . I* (2011) I= s s'< N/ ) G) 7; ( ) 2 9 A S.viridis .C 2 Salvia 8 2 9. ) 7 2/ Salvia (Flora of Libya , 1985) 8 + A + - 32 ) 7 */ (Davis , 1982) . ( + A + - 86 0D9 nH 1 @ Salvia W 8 7 2 / / Salvia viridis L. A 1 1 G- ) 7s :/ :' 7 H @ ; pD 0D 1 7G 7)* ,- -+ /> @- . (özdemir et al . , 2009) . 9 1 >= 1 > 7s 7' 9 7s n ? 0D9 nH + Salvia W 8 2 9 10 2 4 HF9 2- Iy (1998) : A ' 7' @ ) @- (s 1 30R15 (3 D- 7 : A } / H 1 S.viridis C 2 2 4 , HF HF4 1 C/ D= > 5R2 C3 GA 3 ¯ 4 1 2 ) s 7s . ) 1 1 40R10 (-) 1/ 7 29 2 4 }D-4 2- (1985) 9 2 HF4 1 GA 3 > ¯ 4 1 ) 9 ) s ¯ 1 6. 9 AD ,3[ 8~ 03 IA> (3 2)D ' 1 AD ,3[ 8~ . HF9 6R4 2 2 . ) ( 1 2 /
115 123 1- (Lamiaceae )@ 6) *) 2 Salvia viridis L.
I* (1753) ( 0 ,9 ,/ @- 7 S.horminum W S.viridis W 7 7 - : Annual clary sage . H 7 pD ? . 2*) 2- S.horminum S.viridis
:H G0 G0 2 2 F ¯G/ (A 29 2 :' 2 1 3A 3 7 @ 2 s<3+ ٕ 24 * l/ 'H - s G 0=. D / 2 / D? p S.viridis , l/ IC .C ( H9 / ( : 3A 7F <= 1 ( ) A3 1 ( )
:1 ¯ 6
/ l/ A CA = A @/ - s = l/ .2 D A A3 1 D 7 (- 7 9 1 s'< N/ A * s 2 7 p : :
1 1 ¯ : )= >- D 7)* 7 ' & + Gs + - + )* 0 7 I* . > @ @ = @ 2A @ ' ( l 1 ' 1 7< 1 7< ) @ HF 1 s 0 + s 2 D- 3 - 1 s @ 3 A = F 4 I= A9 7 s .@ ' >-4 2 >- :6 1 1 CD 7/ 1 = C<6 7F 1 CD l/ 2 > C 7 p3 7/ 7 7/ (*/ @ (3[ ; 1 F 7 / 2 @ 3s )N F / D ,- 8 C n' B 3= 03 1 ? 3G 2 / ) p3 / 2 D- A9 7 s . @ D > C .3 0 ( = I<[ =; 1 3= 2 1 (> - : : 7 @ HF ) s 3 : 3A 7F 8 .( GA 4 7 D/ [ 2 /. ,- IN 7 p R1 .7 s 2- @ HF ) s 7* R2 .8D AD9 2- A oC IN 2 7)) R3 I G 3 3A 7F <= FC C : 3A 7F = @ 7/3 R4 (Nickerson apparatus ) . =
116 Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 2013 ( )6 A ( 35 ) A 2 D A
: G 3 m'H = }C ,- p> / p ( H 6 9 HF9 9 ¯ 9 ) A3G 9 /3 @ 3= 7F 0* 1 *= 7); 3 (); l/ , 7F m = 0/ 1 26 - 1 @ D H/9 1 2- C ) // (7F @* (A 2- = 3 + ; ,-4 3 7F o =4 1 3 ¯ )3 ' & 2 ; 0s4 @ 3 7F <= ? . G; 7F @ = ? s H 2 ) C ;~ ? 7F <= / 6+ G 3 m'H = ( 1993 1 0H - ) . ( )) 9 F3 HF4 <= ¯ 4 <= = C9 1 @ / :>A 0/ 0/ = }9 @ 2 = : 3A 7F p R5 . 3 2 = < * 7 I) (diethyl ether B 0 ; ) } A GC/MS 3 3 F[ 6 G : 3A 7F - 7/ R6 . (Kalina et al. , 2003) . @ 3 3A 7F 0/ } 4 G 3 3 5890 Hewlett – Packard F[ 6 FC = 0.25m 2 3 0,32 mm = m 3s HPR5 : AD - = 6972 0 30m . (3 :: / = 7 0*
p @ / 1 2ml / min 0A ) C F6 (n / 3 ¯ 250 C ◌ 2s/ @ / 70 ev. . D 2 130C° }3s4 - Ion source 230C° 7B 2 = 3 )3 p A 7 2 I34 G3 Nist 98 . Wiley
:2 J : J
D 0< D / D- 7 H S.viridis 7 29 @ 7 > 9 m 1 50R15 2 (-) 1 / D? p 1 ¯ 3 } ,- (1 0D ) . 2 F/ ; 1 9 3D : CD 2 @ @ ) HF ); ( 2 0D ) . s + /9 @ ; ; ' 1 : 7 ' ( ( C ) s 7s 7' 1 - ) 2 s @ ) 2 s 1 p3G A A> s ¯ ( 30D ) + < + N 7 3A 2 )
117 123 1- (Lamiaceae )@ 6) *) 2 Salvia viridis L.
1 1 8 D= 1 + Gs + / 7' 1 3 > , > 1 GA 1 3 s *G 03 ¯- 7' @ C ) 1 }* 0G /. ,- p> 1 > ); 9 H (4 0D ) . 70R30 2 s 03 1 ,- C 6R4 @G- 0 - N/< . s 3 Dichasia AD ; @ ) 7 0D ,- HF4 } 0D ,- HFB l/ 7< } G @ HF ) C . 0G 0D 7G p> N+ HF9 3 2 = 1 15 C3 + *s D 7' ) ;= N @/ @ [* @ HF (5 0D ) : HyF 9 . @ 0D / @ [* s 7< 8= 2 2 1 @ *s 3 ); > 9 m 7 (3 1 + 3 FF/ 9 8~ W . }4 C ,/ / G l<; ,G 2/ 2 0D }4 ,-9 2<*) C 2; / ( ( 6 0D ) . ¯ + G*< 0) 4 / + / ¯[ ;B - 8~ => , (C 0*) 6 2 9 }9 0D / 7< 8= 2 I~ :)D W 1 1 = 2 @ 1 + 3 C>A ,- 2G3 2/ 2 2 ¯6 ) 2 - : 2)D ) 2 ,) ( 70D ) = , C 2 F 2/ G 2 C= 2>/ .0) 4 2 @ 2 4 , C ,3 F / 7< l<; 2 9 (- ' ) ( s 9 2 ' @ 3= 1 2 ¯ 2 2 I~ ' W 9(. 9(. 0D )2 9 - 3= (- )*9 2 ' 2(3 03 [* (80D ) ? 6 2 2 2 s 2> C 0 2/ 2 2- @ - :- 2 l~ 2 W A (10 0D ) / D @/ > C 0 R }' F / R 7 / p 9 . + G = 03 IA> (3 H/9 @ HF = 2F ) C 2 C 2 9 03 s .@ HF F 9 ( 12 0D ) 2 ( 11 0D ) 0) 9 @ Discus 6 .@/ @ ' @ ; 0 1 8~ 2> @ ( 7F )7 ; p 9 2 )y @ ; W C*/ o . 1.5 C> - 3 C3 ( 13 0D )2 2 7' 3 @ [* @ ' W 3 ( ,- C >9 : CN ( ,- 2 H 33= ;<; 33= C9 2 > @ . (14 0D ) (Flora of Libya,1985 ; 7 G D 7 p ¯ D 7)* m'H 0A oFA 3 7<=? A p 2011) 1 I= & 1998 1 : A (1 Davis,1982) .7 F 9 A9 (1) 0 > .
S.viridis / L M0 0 (1) : ;
@ ' - @ ' 03 03 8~ 03 @ HF 03 s 03 7 )
1.5 3 2 7 15 70 R 30 500 R 150
118 Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 2013 ( )6 A ( 35 ) A 2 D A
S.viridis 4 N (1) : ;
C (2) : ;
P( P( ) ( )0 74E A P R E A 0 F F (3) : ;
119 123 1- (Lamiaceae )@ 6) *) 2 Salvia viridis L.
S( S( ) (P) ( )0 S.viridis 2 (4) : ; 2 A S A 2 3* H A P A 2 U H A 0
P( P( ) ( )0 74E A P R E A 0 + (5) : ;
120 Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 2013 ( )6 A ( 35 ) A 2 D A
A * M (7) : ; ¯ 74 3 @X (6) : ;
ت ا ر ا ط أور
ط ا داة
X25 A : ( 9) ; X25 A + 6> 3* F 74 E : ( 8) ;
أور رة ر
و ا س
X15 A 3 3_ 4 `6F : ( 10 ) ;
ا ض
ا ا د
X20 A ;*0 a : ( 11 ) ;
121 123 1- (Lamiaceae )@ 6) *) 2 Salvia viridis L.
() (S) (P) (0)
() (M) () (SG)
X15 A Gb M0 + GM : ( 12 ) ;
R A SG J A R @X A S R* + GM A P R * , + GM 0A F A R A M R a A
X7 A C : ( 13 ) ;
122 Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 2013 ( )6 A ( 35 ) A 2 D A
طوط ا ذرة
(P) (0)
3 6 H 74 A P R U BN H 74 A 0 . X20 A + C 66> : ( 14 ) ;
? 9+ nH 29 2 > C C>A o 1 ); ~ ) 9 7 2 ? 9 nH 1 /. I* ,- <= @A H C = @/ H C 1 @ *s 3 @-s 9 <= @A 3 @-s :> 89 7' 6 9 2- <>+ 1 }C 7' AD 0D ,- 2 . + @ *s @-s 7' H C ( @-s n )? 3? : 89 7' 6 9 nH 1 @ *s . [ < 4 m'H 2 + >A (15 0D )
(أ) (ب) (ـ)
(د) (ھـ) (و) (ز)
ا ل ( 15 ) : ض أ ل ا ور ا واد دى ات ادروس
123 123 1- (Lamiaceae )@ 6) *) 2 Salvia viridis L.
(ن) (ل) (س)
$# ا ل ( 15 ) : ض أ ل ا ور ا واد دى ات ادروس
A X100 . > + + )2 c 0 A 0 A X100 . D> dDd d ;6 6 c 0 A P A X100 . ; 74 c + A S A X200 . )2 ¯ 4 U @0 C , + A A X200 . 6c U @0 C , + A SG A X200 . D> U @0 C , + A A X200 . + )2 +4 2 ; 6 @0 C , + A M A X100 . > 6 +4 2 ; 6 @0 C , + A A X100 . D> ` 0 6 +4 2 ; 6 @0 C , + A ; A X100 . 6 c 0 A @ o =9 p 8 7 ,- @ 4 A 2- m'H G 7 ,- R C o =9 0D9 , > R 4 m'H 2 ( ) 7 ,- 7 9 m'H 7 CN AD 0D ,- 4 , n D 2/ 1 @ ' (Baran et al . , 2008) .
124 Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 2013 ( )6 A ( 35 ) A 2 D A
:6 J : p3 7/ 0D R 9 1 1 33= CD 7/ H 0D 7' H9 2 > C 7 p3 7/ / - 9 A p3 7/ p (D n' H 16) . 0D (@ A @ D C = I<[ 7F 9 p3 7/ 7 G 1 7F B 33= - l/ 2 Thymus (Lamiaceae ) A 7 7F 7' B 33= C9 ? > 2 C A 8 2 + - 11 33= - 29 A 8 2 9 ;<; (2010) G? 2 . (Martonfi,1997) . D 7/ 2- I= 2/ . @ A @ [* D @ A @ D 7F 33= 9R3 2 B 9 A 9 p3 7/ - (2011) 23 7 ' 1 Lamium (Lamiaceae ) 6) 8 7 p3 C<6 7F I= 1 33= ;<; 7' C9 ? > 2 C ' 8 p @ [* D L.amplexicaule 4 /4 = I<[ 7F 29 CN = 2 = . + . @ A
ز ت
ط إ ش
ا ل ( 16 ) : 'ت ط%# ت X1000 - S.viridis
: p3 7/ A9 R } ( ( P) 3G / 03 29 2 3 - ( 17 0D) A p3 / 20 A9 8G (> - 32 B 3= 03 2 2/ 27 C E( ) ? / 03 1 34 7 p3 / 2 n' ( 2 0 ) . 1.5 = I<[ =; 7[ 1 4 (t) 3= 2 1.5 p3 7/ = I<[ =; + G 8 7 p3 7/ = I<[ =; Stachys p3 7/ = I<[ =; 9 0G 9 ( Lamiaceae ) Stachys cydni . . 1.45 R1.30 2 ; 1.50 R1.40 2 04 7/ ' yildirimlii . ( Muhittin DIN ç. MeryemöZTURK , 2008 )
125 123 1- (Lamiaceae )@ 6) *) 2 Salvia viridis L.
(أ) (ب)
X1000 A 4 `6 : ( 17 ) ; 3 c A P R 36F 0A
S.viridis `6 0 (2) : ; I<[ =; 2 3= - 3= 03 / 03 / 03 = 3= B B ? 3G
1.5 4 1.5 32 27 34
: J : : 3A 7F R 9 ( % 0.97). 8 7 @ HF ) s 2 = 3 : 3A 7F 7[ Salvia officinalis 3 @ HF ) s 2 = : 3A 7F 2 s n' H (2007 1 2 =t / - ) :( : 3A 7F 7 H R } 7 2 + F m/ S.viridis 7 @ HF G 2 = : 3A 7F 0/ 7 C 1 (12.33 %) C 7 C 1 (19.05 %) C 7[ /4 CH9 . 3( 0 ) (10.37%) . ( 1 10.92)%) 1 (11.9%) ,- C 7H4 1 7 4 1 7
.@ + GM F > U 6 M 3 H G : (3) ;
} }
9.08 TransR8RethylR2R(2Rphenylethyl)oxocane 7 C 1.62 5RphyLcyclohexane R1,3 Rdione
126 Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 2013 ( )6 A ( 35 ) A 2 D A
1.6 3 Benzene, (azidomethyl)
12.81 Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid /4 6.24 3Rphenylpropanoic acid
8.41 1Rphenyl Rmethyl ester
1.81 1Rphenylethyl ester 7 4 0.7 2,5 – octodecadiynoic acid,methylester 7.6 1,2 R Benzenodicarboxylic acid, isodecyl octyl ester 7 4.3 Caryophyllene 6.85 Ether, p Rmethylbenzyl vinyl 7 1.2 Phytol 9.27 mannitol 7?/ 8.16 benzenehexanamine 79 1.57 1Rpropanamine
10.37 benzeneacetaldehyde 7H9
2.41 (z)RnonR2RenR6,8Rdiynoic acid isobutylamide 79
6.09 Methyl NR(phenylmrthylidene)R betRalaninate o =9 7
S.viridis 7 : 3A 7F ,- 7 9 o =9 p m'H G 7 ,- o/ ' & @ ' : 3A 7F 7 0s. . N/ (Yayli et al. , 2010) 7 >B 7D ' & 7 9 CN 2/ 1 7?/ 7 1 7H9 1 } 7 s . 79 79 1 7 9 1 /9 1 7 H ,- @ ' 7 CN 7D @A /4 7 - @ ' C<; } 2 ,-9 7 4 /4 7D 2/ 1 7 2 60% 2 ;9 7[ ' 4 . ; 0A 0A , 7 } I<=? oFA (4. 0 ) . m'H 7
. 3 S.viridis U 6 M M :(4) ; S.viridis S.viridis 7 ( ( )} / (Yayli et al. , 2010) } / 12.33 R 7 H 19.05 R /9
127 123 1- (Lamiaceae )@ 6) *) 2 Salvia viridis L.
10.92 R 7 11.9 61.6 7 9.73 R 79 10.37 0.6 7H9 8.05 0.1 7 2.41 R 79 9.27 1.00 7?/
: ) c : c m'H 1 @ ; D Salvia viridis L. 1 7 9 R . 'C ,4 H [ 4 2- <>+ < 4 ( 7 29 7 R . 0) 9 p> @ HF @ 6 2 1 : 3A 7F F ) 7F 9 1 33= C H 0D 7' p3 7/ 29 7 CN9 R .@ A @ D C = I<[ - ) @ HF G 2 = : 3A 7F 7 G ¯A 9 R (% 19.05 ) /4 CH9 7 2 + F : 3A 7F 'H o/ s 1 % 1 7 s ' 1 (% 11.9) ,- C 7H4 1 7 4 1 7 C 1 (% 12.33 ) 7 C . (% 10.37) 1 (% 10.92) : ) ) p D 7' C9 *= )= Salvia 8 9 ,- GA 7 R1 . .¯s /. ,- A3 7)* A ? C p3 7/ R2 .+ 3 + ?* ( @) < 7 2 = : 3A 7F ,- l/9 R3
:` ( ( 1985 ) 1 4 A 7 D 1 ( - F 0G/ }D-9) 2 4 }D-4 1 7 9 R 1 . ( 1998) 1 2- 1 @ 0 2 4 HF4 G/ 0 1 2 / / : A R 2 . ( 2005 ) 1 ¯D A 1 ;; A3 1 0*) 1 - >G 1 7 2 R 3 . ( 1991 ) 1 - F 1 2 D A 1 3A 3 7 1 }D 1- / - 1(F s R 4
128 Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 2013 ( )6 A ( 35 ) A 2 D A
G3 Lamiaceae @ 6) *) 2 Lamium 6) 8 9 A I* 1 - 23 R 5 . . (2011 ) 1 A 1 2 D A 1 m / 39 1 3 CH9 / 21 D A 1 3A 3 7 1 2 / 1/ FFA - 1- / - R 6 . ( 2007 )1 - F 1 ;; A3 1 H C 1 Hy 1 3A 3 7 1 / 0H1 ¡ - - R 7 . ( 1993 ) 1 B Lamiaceae )D *) 2 Thymus -F 2 9 ;<; )* 1 2/ G? R 8 . ( 2010 ) 1 5 A 1 32 1 2 D A 1 / G3 / 39 1 / s'< N/ ( G) 7;) ) 2 9 A 1 :C / I= R 9 . ( 2011 ) 1 A 1 2 D A 1 m 10- Baran ,P. ; Ozdemir ,C. ; Aktas ,K. , Glandular and eglandular hairs on the aerial organs of Salvia viridis L. (Lamiaceae) in Turkey , Pak.J.Pl.Sci.,14(1) , (2008) . 11- CRONQUIST , A. , : An integrated system of classification of flowering plant . Columbia University press , N.Y . 1881 (in : classification of plant . AL SAHAR,F. K , 1981 ) . 12- DAVIS , P. H . Flora of Turkey , Edinburgh university press , vol (7) . (1982) . 13 - JAFRI, S.M.H & El-GADI , A. Flora of Libya , (Lamiaceae) , Al-faateh University , Faculty of science , Department of Botany , Tripoli-Libya , Vol.118 , (1985) . 14- Kalina, A. ; Ljubka, E.; Nedjalka, H. ; Simeon, P. , Comparative Analysis of the composition of flower volatiles from Lamium L. species and Lamiastrum galeobdolon Heist. ex Fabr. Sofia , Bulgaria , (2003) . 15- MARTONFI. P , Pollen morphology of Thyums sec. Serpyllum (Labiatae : mentheaeh) in the Carpathians and Pannonia . Grana 36 , (1997) . 16 – MOUTERDE, P– Nouvell flore du liban et de la syrie , tome III – DAR El- MACHREQ EDITEURS – BEYROUTH , ( 1983 ) . 17- Muhittin DINç . Meryem ÖZTÜRK , Comparative Morphological , Anatomical , and Palynological Studies on the Genus Stachys L. sect. Ambleia Bentham (Lamiaceae) species in Turkey , Turk J.Bot., No.32 , (2008) . 18- özdemir,C. ; Baran,P. ; Aktas,K. , Anatomical studies in Salvia viridis L. (Lamiaceae) , Bangladesh j. plant Taxon . 16 (1) , (2009) . 19- Yayli,N. ; Cansu,T. ; Yilmaz,N. ; Yasar,A. ; Cetin,M.; Yayli,N. , Constituents of the essential oil from the flower , leaf and stem of Salvia viridis L. grown in Turkey , Asian journal of chemistry , vol. 22 , No. 5 , (2010) . 17- Muhittin DINç . Meryem ÖZTÜRK , Comparative Morphological , Anatomical , and Palynological Studies on the Genus Stachys L. sect. Ambleia Bentham (Lamiaceae) species in Turkey , Turk J.Bot., No.32 , (2008) . 18- özdemir,C. ; Baran,P. ; Aktas,K. , Anatomical studies in Salvia viridis L. (Lamiaceae) , Bangladesh j. plant Taxon . 16 (1) , (2009) . 19- Yayli,N. ; Cansu,T. ; Yilmaz,N. ; Yasar,A. ; Cetin,M.; Yayli,N. , Constituents of the essential oil from the flower , leaf and stem of Salvia viridis L. grown in Turkey , Asian journal of chemistry , vol. 22 , No. 5 , (2010) .
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