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EUCROSS Final Report www.ssoar.info The Europeanisation of Everyday Life: Cross- Border Practices and Transnational Identifications among EU and Third-Country Citizens - Final Report Recchi, Ettore (Ed.) Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Abschlussbericht / final report Zur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit / provided in cooperation with: GESIS - Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Recchi, E. (Ed.). (2014). The Europeanisation of Everyday Life: Cross-Border Practices and Transnational Identifications among EU and Third-Country Citizens - Final Report. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168- ssoar-395269 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Weiterverbreitung - keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Redistribution - no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, non- Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, transferable, individual and limited right to using this document. persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses This document is solely intended for your personal, non- Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für commercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. all copyright information and other information regarding legal Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie document in public. dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder conditions of use. anderweitig nutzen. Mit der Verwendung dieses Dokuments erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen an. The Europeanisation of Everyday Life: Cross-Border Practices and Transnational Identifications Among EU and Third-Country Citizens Final Report June 2014 This document originates from the research project The Europeanisation of Everyday Life: Cross-Border Practices and Transnational Identities among EU and Third-Country Citizens (acronym: EUCROSS). The EUCROSS research project is funded as part of the European Commission’s 7th Framework Programme (‘Socio-economic Sciences and Humanities’, activity 8.5: ‘The Citizen in the European Union’; call identifier: FP7-SSH-2010-2; Funding scheme: collaborative project – small and medium-scale focused research projects; grant agreement: 266767). The project started on April 1, 2011 and is scheduled to end on March 31, 2014. The research consortium is formed by: Università ‘G. d’Annunzio’ di Chieti-Pescara, Italy (coordinator: Ettore Recchi); GESIS–Leibniz Institut fűr Sozialwissenschaften, Mannheim, Germany (coordinator: Michael Braun); Aarhus Universitet, Denmark (coordinator: Adrian Favell); IBEI–Institut Barcelona d’Estudis Internacionals, Spain (coordinator: Juan Díez Medrano); University of York, United Kingdom (coordinators: Mike Savage, Laurie Hanquinet); Universitatea din Bucuresti, Romania (coordinator: Dumitru Sandu). EUCROSS scientific coordinator: Ettore Recchi. EUCROSS project manager: Matteo Abbate. For additional information: www.eucross.eu. This is Deliverable D9.17 of Workpackage 9 (Dissemination and exploitation). Release date: June 2014. 2 Contents Foreword 6 Ettore Recchi Cross-border mobilities in the European Union: An evidence- based typology 8 Ettore Recchi, Justyna Salamońska,Thea Rossi and Lorenzo G. Baglioni Introduction 8 Types of cross-border practices 8 Physical cross-border practices 9 Virtual cross-border practices 10 Data 12 Descriptive statistics: measures of cross-border practices in six European countries 14 Patterns of cross-border practices, latent class analysis results 16 Intersecting itineraries of mobility: qualitative profiles of mobile clusters 21 Local – a gendered account of immobility 21 Returnee – negotiating real and virtual journeys 22 Tourist – meeting difference 23 Visitor – looking for the personal touch 25 Virtual transnational – following the dear ones as time passes by 25 Transnational – the privilege of being everywhere 26 Conclusion 27 References 28 Cultural boundaries in Europe 31 Laurie Hanquinet Introduction 31 Tastes in food and in music in Europe 32 Cultural divisions in Europe 41 Multiple Correspondence Analysis 41 Data and Variables 42 Main cultural dimensions on the European space of tastes 44 Exploration of the cultural space 50 Conclusion 56 References 57 3 Patterns of social transnationalism in regional Europe 59 Dumitru Sandu Methodology: Measuring social transnationalism (STNS) 60 Measuring development at NUTS 2 level 65 Data analysis 66 Living transnationally by European regions and countries 66 Multilevel roots of social transnationalism 68 Transnational social fields of Europe 71 Conclusions 76 Appendix 79 References 83 Supra-national identification among movers and stayers in Europe 84 Steffen Pötzschke and Michael Braun Introduction 84 Hypotheses 87 Data and methods 91 The dependent variables 91 The independent variables 91 Analytical procedure 93 Results 94 Descriptive information on the samples 94 Identification with different geographical entities 97 Multivariate analysis of European identification 97 Multivariate analysis of the difference between European identification and cosmopolitanism 105 Conclusions 109 References 110 Transnational solidarity and cross-border practices in Europe 114 Irina Ciornei National and transnational solidarity 114 Hypotheses 115 Shared identity and European solidarity 115 Operationalisation 116 European solidarity in the EUCROSS and EUMEAN surveys 117 European solidarity, identity and cross-border practices 119 A statistical assessment of European solidarity 121 Concluding remarks 124 References 125 4 Transnational mobility, attachment to the EU and political participation in Europe 127 Fulya Apaydin vom Hau and Juan Diez Medrano Introduction 127 Political attachments and national political participation in a supranational context 127 Political attachment 128 Attachment to the EU and participation in elections 128 Voting behavior in a supranational setting 129 New challenges 129 Socio-economic factors 130 Political orientation 131 Citizenship 131 Results 132 European attachment and national political participation 131 Conclusion 135 References 136 Transnationalism and cosmopolitanism: Europe and the global in everyday European lives 138 Adrian Favell, David Reimer and Janne Solgaard Jensen A note on reference literature 139 Quantitative findings 140 Qualitative findings 158 The Danes 158 The Spanish 161 The Germans 164 The British 165 Conclusions 166 References 167 Methodological report 169 Steffen Pötzschke, Irina Ciornei and Fulya Apaydin vom Hau Project overview 169 The quantitative EUCROSS survey 169 Sample definition 169 Questionnaire development, translation, pre-test 170 Sampling method, fieldwork and realised sample sizes 172 The qualitative EUMEAN survey 175 Sampling 175 Guideline construction 177 Qualitative fieldwork 178 References 179 Appendix 181 I) EUCROSS questionnaire 181 II) EUMEAN guidelines (nationals) 222 III) EUMEAN guidelines (migrants) 230 5 Foreword1 This report presents the findings of a three-year research project titled The Europeanisation of Everyday Life: Cross-Border Practices and Transnational Identities among EU and Third- Country Citizens (EUCROSS) funded by the European Commission as part of the 7th Framework Programme. Between 2011 and 2014, the project has carried out an extensive collection of sociological data in six EU member states: Denmark, Germany, Italy, Romania, Spain, and the UK. These data have two main sources. First, a large-scale, systematic and independent CATI survey (the EUCROSS survey) of 8500 interviews to nationals of these six countries and immigrants from Romania and Turkey. Second, a set of follow-up in-depth face-to-face interviews with 160 respondents (the EUMEAN survey). These datasets advance existing studies on sociological Europeanisation by going beyond conventional data, such as Eurobarometer, and by taking its findings deep into a detailed breakdown of the changing everyday life and social practices of Europeans. Moreover, the project extends the realm of research on the internationalisation of European societies that has mostly been charted in social theoretical speculation rather than empirically established findings. At a very general level, we address the theme of the sociological foundations of European integration. We tackle an argument that resonates strongly in the public discourse but is also echoed in much social science on the subject: namely, that European integration is ‘an elite process’ (Haller 2008). This argument has two strands. The first one, less problematic, holds that the EU (and its former institutional incarnations from the 1950s onwards) has been designed and advanced by a very small slice of the European population. By itself this should not be surprising: all new political regimes tend to be elite creations (Higley and Burton 2006). However, the second strand is much more contentious, even dangerous, and affects the chances of future European unity. It maintains that ‘Europe’ has
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