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WORLD SPACECRAFT DIGEST by Jos Heyman 1998 Version: 10 July 2016 © Copyright Jos Heyman

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WORLD SPACECRAFT DIGEST by Jos Heyman 1998 Version: 10 July 2016 © Copyright Jos Heyman WORLD SPACECRAFT DIGEST by Jos Heyman 1998 Version: 10 July 2016 © Copyright Jos Heyman 1998 001A (25131) Name: Lunar Prospector Country: USA Launch date: 7 January 1998 Re-entry: 31 July 1999 Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: Athena 2 Orbit: 99 x 100 km, inclination: 90.1 ° The Lunar Prospector was the third mission in NASA's Discovery series of spacecraft and was built by Lockheed Martin. The mission objective was to place the spacecraft in a lunar orbit from which it spend a year mapping the surface of the Moon whilst at the same time looking for reservoirs of water which might be in the polar caps. The 126 kg spacecraft carried a series of instruments which evolved from Apollo instrumentation from the seventies: 1. the Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GSR) which provided global maps of the elemental composition of the surface layer of the Moon; 2. the Alpha Particle Spectrometer (APS) to detect radon outgassing on the lunar surface; 3. the Neutron Spectrometer (NS) to detect water ice; 4. the Electron Reflectometer (ER) to map the lunar magnetic fields; 5. the Magnetometer (MAG), another instrument to map the lunar magnetic fields; 6. the Doppler Gravity Experiment (DGE) to determine the lunar gravity field. Also carried was a small container with the ashes of Eugene Shoemaker, a famous discoverer of comets who had passed away in 1997. This container was designated as Celestis-2 and the payload was also known as Luna 1 flight. The spacecraft did not carry a control computer, instead it was fully controlled by a team on Earth. On 11 January 1998 the spacecraft reached lunar orbit and by 15 January 1998 it was placed in a lunar orbit of 99 x 100 km and 90.1 o inclination. After the completion of the primary mission, it was placed in a 40 km orbit on 19 December 1998 to provide higher resolution data, followed by a 25 x 35 km orbit on 29 January 1999. On completion of the scientific programme, the spacecraft was impacted on 31 July 1999 onto the lunar south pole, at 44 oE, 88 oS, in an attempt to provide evidence of water ice in that region. 1998 002A (25134) Name: Skynet-4D Country: United Kingdom Launch date: 10 January 1998 Re-entry: in orbit Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: Delta 7925 Orbit: geostationary at 6 °E Military communications satellite as described for 1990 001A. In spite of the satellite’s name, it is the first of an improved version with steerable antennas and increased power. It was fitted with 2 UHF transponders and 3 SHF transponders --- Name: Ofeq-4 Country: Israel Launch date: 22 January 1998 Re-entry: n.a. Launch site: Palmachim Launch vehicle: Shavit 1 Orbit: failed to orbit Basically a technology satellite to further prove Israel's launch capability, the 250 kg satellite carried imaging instruments. It was also known as EROS-A. The second stage of the launch vehicle failed. 1998 003A (25143) Name: STS-89 Country: USA Launch date: 23 January 1998 Re-entry: 31 January 1998 Launch site: Cape Canaveral Launch vehicle: STS Orbit: 379 x 385 km, inclination: 51.7 ° Crewed spaceflight with astronauts T. Willcutt (Cmdr.), J. Edwards (Pilot), B. Dunbar (Payload Cmdr), J. Reilly, M. Anderson, S. Sharipov (Russia) and A. Thomas (all Mission Specialists) using the orbiter Endeavour as described for 1981 034A. The primary objective of the mission was to dock with the Mir (1986 017A) space station, which took place on 24 January 1998. The orbiter, which carried a double Spacehab module (FU2 and FU3) as described for 1993 037A, brought 3830 kg of goods to the Mir space station. Thomas remained on the space station as a member of the EO-25 crew. He relieved D. Wolf, who had arrived on the station on STS-86 (1997 055A). Thomas returned to Earth on STS-91 (1998 034A). The orbiter remained docked to the Mir space station until 29 January 1998. The payload consisted of: 1. the Microgravity Plant Nutrient Experiment (MPNE) to test a nutrient delivery technology that will support plant growth in space; 2. the Shuttle Ionospheric Modification with Pulsed Local Exhaust (SIMPLEX)-4 experiment as described for STS-84 (1997 023A); 3. the Closed Equilibrated Biological Aquatic System (CEBAS)-1, a habitat for aquatic organisms used for various gravity-related experiments in the areas of zoology, botany and developmental biology; 4. EarthKAM, a development of KidSat, as described for STS-76 (1996 018A) which allowed students from 51 middle schools in three nations to have the opportunity to experience the excitement of the space program; 5. the Mechanics of Granular Materials (MGM)-2 experiment as described for STS-79 (1996 057A); 6. the Liquid Phase Sintering (LPS)-3 experiment as described for STS-76 (1996 018A); 7. the Astroculture (ASC)-6 facility as described for STS-50 (1992 034A), which was transferred to Mir and was returned to Earth on STS-91 (1998 034A); 8. X-ray Detector Test (XDT), an element of the X-ray Crystallography Facility for the International Space Station, which was tested to establish the sensitivity of the device to background space radiation. The device was left on Mir and was returned to Earth on STS-91 (1998 034A); 9. RENAL, an experiment to study the risk of kidney stone formation in a space environment. The experiment was left on Mir and was returned to Earth on STS-91 (1998 034A); 10. the Diffusion-Controlled Crystallization Apparatus for Microgravity (DCAM)-5 experiment as described for STS-73 (1995 056A), comprising six experiment trays with a total of 162 protein crystal test samples which were left on Mir and were retrieved by STS-91 (1998 034A); 11. the Gaseous Nitrogen Dewar (GND)-6 as described for STS-71 (1995 030A) and which transported over 200 protein samples to Mir for crystal forming. The samples were retrieved by STS-91 (1998 034A); 12. the Cosmic Radiation Effects and Activation Monitor (CREAM)-10 experiment as described for STS-48 (1991 063A). The experiment was left on Mir and was returned to Earth on STS-91 (1998 034A); 13. the Telemedicine Instrumentation Pack to provide remote medical assessments of astronauts in orbit; 14. the Thermo-Electric Holding Module (TEHM) a temperature-controlled storage unit used to store large amounts of frozen or cooled non-hazardous samples at a selected temperature; 15. the Advanced Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus (ACGBA), an improved version of the CGBA experiment described for STS-50 (1992 034A); 16. the Enhanced Orbiter Refrigerator/Freezer (EORF) a storage unit which can be configured into either a refrigerator or a freezer with a temperature range between minus-22 o and plus-10 o Celsius; 17. the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) as described for STS-63 (1995 004A); 18. Developmental Test Objective (DTO) experiments as described for STS-1 (1981 034A): • DTO-258: Shuttle Proximity Operations with One Nose X Jet; • DTO-312: External Tank Thermal Protection System Performance; • DTO-700-11: Orbiter Space Vision System Flight Unit Testing; • DTO-700-12: Global Positioning System/Inertial Navigation System Test; • DTO-700-14: Single String Global Positioning System; • DTO-805: Crosswind Landing Performance; • DTO-914: Space Linear Acceleration Mass Measurement Device Evaluation; • DTO-1118: Photographic and Video Survey of Mir Space Station; 19. Detailed Supplementary Objective (DSO) experiments as described for STS-1 (1981 034A): • DSO-331: Interaction of Shuttle Launch Entry Suits on Egress Locomotion; • DSO-334: In-Flight Evaluation of the Telemedicine Instrumentation Pack; • DSO-484: Assessment of Circadian Shifting in Astronauts by Bright Light; • DSO-496: Individual Susceptibility To Post-Spaceflight Orthostatic Intolerance; • DSO-626: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Responses to Standing Before and After Space Flight; 20. a number of Risk Mitigation Experiments (RME) as described for STS-74 (1995 061A): • RME-1303: Shuttle/Mir Experiment Kit Transportation; • RME-1307: Optical Properties Monitor (return only); • RME-1312: Intra-Vehicular Radiation Environment Measurement Experiment; • RME-1324: Volatile Organic Analyser (VOA); • RME-1326: Volatile Removal Assembly (VRA); • RME-1331: Shuttle Condensate Collection for ISS; 21. four Getaway special payloads as described for STS-3 (1982 022A): • G093: Vortex Ring Transit Experiment (VORTEX), to investigate the propagation of a vortex ring through a liquid-gas interface in microgravity; • G141: a German experiment to study the Structure of Marangoni Convection in Floating Zones payload; • G145: a German experiment entitled Glass Fining, to gain further insight into the process of glass fining or the removal of all visible gaseous bubbles from a glass melt; and • G432: five Chinese experiments consisting of Super Cooling to measure the temperature difference between the melting point and the solidification temperature; Processing of High Critical Test, to investigate the behaviour of superconductors at high temperatures; the Growth of Gallium Animony experiment to grow and study crystals; the Liquid Phase Epitaxy experiment to grow a crystal rod in space, and, the Wetabiltiy Test to show how big a bubble forms in a liquid. During their stay, the crew participated in various space medicine experiments such as those described for STS-71 (1995 030A). After a flight of 8 days, 19 hours, 46 minutes the orbiter landed at the Kennedy Space Centre with 1370 kg of materials from the space station. Wolf had been in space for 127 days, 20 hours, 5 minutes. 1998 004A (25146) Name: Soyuz TM-27 Country: Russia Launch date: 29 January 1998 Re-entry: 28 August 1998 Launch site: Baikonour Launch vehicle: Soyuz U Orbit: 198 x 202 km, inclination: 51.5 ° Crewed spaceflight with cosmonauts T. Musabayev (Cmdr.), N. Budarin (Fl. Eng.) and L. Eyharts (France) (Cosm. Res.) using a Soyuz TM spacecraft as described for 1986 035A.
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