Horizons, the AIAA Houston Online Magazine
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1957 – the Year the Space Age Began Conditions in 1957
1957 – The Year the Space Age Began Roger L. Easton, retired Naval Research Laboratory Linda Hall Library Kansas City MO 6 September 2007 Conditions in 1957 z Much different from now, slower, more optimistic in some ways z Simpler, yet very frightening, time 1 1957 in Politics z January 20: Second Presidential Inauguration of Dwight Eisenhower 1957 in Toys z First “Frisbee” from Wham-O 2 1957 in Sports z Third Year of Major League Baseball in Kansas City z the “Athletics,” not the “Royals” 1957 in Sports z No pro football in Kansas City z AFL was three years in future z no Chiefs until 1963 3 1957 at Home z No microwave ovens z (TV dinners since 1954) z Few color television sets z (first broadcasts late in 1953) z No postal Zip Codes z Circular phone diales z No cell phones z (heck, no Area Codes, no direct long-distance dialing!) z No Internet, no personal computers z Music recorded on vinyl discs, not compact or computer disks 1957 in Transportation z Gas cost 27¢ per gallon z September 4: Introduction of the Edsel by Ford Motor Company z cancelled in 1959 after loss of $250M 4 1957 in Transportation z October 28: rollout of first production Boeing 707 1957 in Science z International Geophysical Year (IGY) z (actually, “year and a half”) 5 IGY Accomplishments z South Polar Stations established z Operation Deep Freeze z Discovery of mid-ocean submarine ridges z evidence of plate tectonics z USSR and USA pledged to launch artificial satellites (“man-made moons”) z discovery of Van Allen radiation belts 1957: “First” Year of Space Age z Space Age arguably began in 1955 z President Eisenhower announced that USA would launch small unmanned earth-orbiting satellite as part of IGY z Project Vanguard 6 Our Story: z The battle to determine who would launch the first artificial satellite: z Werner von Braun of the U.S. -
May 14, 2010 Vol
May 14, 2010 Vol. 50, No. 10 Spaceport News John F. Kennedy Space Center - America’s gateway to the universe www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/news/snews/spnews_toc.html INSIDE . STS-132 payload has international flair Explorer School By Linda Herridge Symposium Spaceport News oeing’s STS-132 payload flow man- Bager, Eve Stavros, and NASA Mission Man- ager Robert Ashley, will be stationed on console in Fir- ing Room 2 of Kennedy’s Launch Control Center, Page 2 watching with anticipation as space shuttle Atlantis STS-130 crew soars into the sky from returns Launch Pad 39A. Stavros and Boeing’s Checkout Assembly and NASA/Gianni Woods Payload Processing Ser- Technicians prepare to lift the Russian-built Mini Research Module-1, or MRM-1, out of its transportation container in Kennedy’s vices, or CAPPS, team were Space Station Processing Facility for its move to the payload canister and transportation to Launch Pad 39A. instrumental in helping to prepare the Russian-built Processing Facility, about environmental testing at Stavros drew on previ- Mini Research Module-1, or five weeks before the sched- the launch pad. Boeing also ous international experi- MRM-1, and an Integrated uled launch, for transfer coordinated delivery and ence from her work on life Cargo Carrier for delivery to the launch pad and final setup of ground support sciences payloads for the orbiter integration activi- equipment at the launch pad European Space Agency in Page 3 to the International Space Station. ties,” Ashley said. “The for testing operations and the Netherlands. NASA alums According to Stavros, processing team met or beat served as the main inter- “Working with RSC lay foundation planning and coordination every schedule milestone face with the shuttle team Energia was an exercise in to process the two major despite the relatively small to ensure payload schedule payloads began more than a size of the NASA and Boe- compatibility. -
Direct Earth/Moon Cargo Delivery
41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit AIAA 2005-4187 10 - 13 July 2005, Tucson, Arizona Direct Earth/Moon Cargo Delivery W. J.D. Escher * and T.K. Percy † Science Applications International Corporation, Huntsville, AL, 35806 ABSTRACT As the space exploration initiative matures, the fundamental need for effective and efficient heavy -cargo logi stical delivery means across space will become increasingly apparent. Accepting human lunar exploration as the initial step toward more ambitious missions to follow, early on it is evident that a number of different cargo -carrying vehicles will incremental ly operate across the mission profile, requiring several in -flight payload transfer operations. When later stages of long -duration exploration and lunar -base build -up are underway , a more effective logistical arm may be needed. A leading -candidate approach is the “direct delivery” of Earth -launched cargo to the Moon. Here, by way of example, a single large vehicle to be described is operated across the total mission profile with no intermediate cargo transfers. This two -stage system consists of a solid -rock et Boost Stage and a cryogenic liquid -rocket Space Stage. In addition to multi -ton discretionary payloads being so delivered, a comparably sized collateral payload arrives at the Moon: the Space Stage transporter itself. This landed stage would be speciall y designed to be highly useful, in various ways, to the aw aiting human exploration team s. It would be used d irectly, as a shelter, habitat, storage facility and , indirectly, as for pre -planned disassembly for materials of construction, power systems hardwa re, instrumentation equipment, and the like. -
Orbit Subject Site Met Cdt Edt Gmt Endeavour Fueling
************************************************************************************************************************************************************************ NASA TELEVISION SCHEDULE STS-127 / ISS 2 J/A Kibo Experiment Logistics Module - Exposed Section/Exposed Facility REV A 7/11/09 ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Standard-Definition NASA TV satellite coordinates are available at: http://www1.nasa.gov/multimedia/nasatv/digital.html. High -Definition NASA TV Channel #105 is broadcast at 720p @ 59.94 fps, carried on an MPEG-2 digital signal on satellite AMC-6, Transponder 17C, at 72 degrees west longitude, 4040 MHz, vertical polarization. A Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) - compliant Integrated Receiver Decoder (IRD) with modulation of QPSK/DBV, data rate of 36.86, symbol 26.665 and FEC 3/4 will be needed for reception. Mission Audio can be accessed at: http://www.nasa.gov/ntv. Clients actively participating in Standard-Definition on-orbit interviews, interactive press briefings and satellite interviews must use the LIMO Channel, accessed via satellite AMC-6, 72 degrees west longitude, transponder 5C, 3785.5 MHz, vertical polarization. A Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) - compliant Integrated Receiver Decoder (IRD) with modulation of QPSK/DBV, data rate of 6.00 and FEC 3/4 will be needed for reception. ALL TIMES SUBJECT TO CHANGE This TV schedule is available via the Internet. The -
STS-132 Mission Summary
NASA Mission Summary National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, D.C. 20546 (202) 358-1100 STS-132 MISSION SUMMARY May 2010 SPACE SHUTTLE ATLANTIS Atlantis’ 12-day mission will deliver the Russian-built Mini Research Module-1 that will provide additional storage space and a new docking port for Russian Soyuz and Progress spacecraft. MRM-1, also known as Rassvet, which means dawn in Russian, will be permanently attached to the bottom port of the station’s Zarya module. MRM-1 will carry important hardware on its exterior including a radiator, airlock and a European robotic arm. Atlantis also will deliver addi- tional station hardware stored inside a cargo carrier. Three spacewalks are planned to stage spare components outside the station, including six spare batteries, a Ku-band antenna and spare parts for the Canadian Dextre robotic arm. Shuttle mission STS-132 is the final sched- uled flight for Atlantis . CREW Ken Ham Tony Antonelli (an-tuh-NEL-lee) Commander (Captain, U.S. Navy) Pilot (Commander, U.S. Navy) ● Veteran of one spaceflight, STS-124 pilot ● Veteran of one spaceflight, STS-119 pilot ● Age: 45, Born: Plainfield, N.J. ● Born: Detroit ● Married with two children ● Married with two children ● Logged 5,000+ hours in 40 different aircraft ● Logged 3,200+ hours in 41 different aircraft ● Call sign: Hock ● Interests include snow boarding and NASCAR Garrett Reisman (REESE-man) Michael Good Mission Specialist-1 Mission Specialist-2 (Col., U.S. Air Force, Ret.) ● Veteran flight engineer on Expedition 16 & 17 ● Veteran of one spaceflight, STS-125 ● Launched on STS-123; returned STS-124 ● Age: 47, Hometown: Broadview Heights, Ohio ● Age: 42, Hometown: Parsippany, N.J. -
Project Apollo: Americans to the Moon 440 Document II-1 Document Title
440 Project Apollo: Americans to the Moon Document II-1 Document Title: NASA, “ Minutes of Meeting of Research Steering Committee on Manned Space Flight,” 25–26 May 1959. Source: Folder 18675, NASA Historical Reference Collection, History Division, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC. Within less than a year after its creation, NASA began looking at follow-on programs to Project Mercury, the initial human spacefl ight effort. A Research Steering Committee on Manned Space Flight was created in spring 1959; it consisted of top-level representatives of all of the NASA fi eld centers and NASA Headquarters. Harry J. Goett from Ames, but soon to be head of the newly created Goddard Space Flight Center, was named chair of the committee. The fi rst meeting of the committee took place on 25 and 26 May 1959, in Washington. Those in attendance provided an overview of research and thinking related to human spacefl ight at various NASA centers, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and the High Speed Flight Station (HSFS) at Edwards Air Force Base. George Low, then in charge of human spacefl ight at NASA Headquarters, argued for making a lunar landing NASA’s long-term goal. He was backed up by engineer and designer Maxime Faget of the Space Task Group of the Langley Research Center and Bruce Lundin of the Lewis Research Center. After further discussion at its June meeting, the Committee agreed on the lunar landing objective, and by the end of the year a lunar landing was incorporated into NASA’s 10-year plan as the long-range objective of the agency’s human spacefl ight program. -
STS-129 Stocking the Station PRESS KIT/November 2009
National Aeronautics and Space Administration SPACE SHUTTLE MISSION STS-129 Stocking the Station www.nasa.gov www.nasa.gov PRESS KIT/November 2009 CONTENTS Section Page STS-129/ULF-3 MISSION OVERVIEW .................................................................................... 1 STS-129 TIMELINE OVERVIEW ............................................................................................... 9 MISSION PROFILE ................................................................................................................... 11 MISSION OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................ 13 MISSION PERSONNEL ............................................................................................................. 15 STS-129 CREW ....................................................................................................................... 17 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................. 27 S-BAND ANTENNA SUPPORT ASSEMBLY (SASA) AND RADIO FREQUENCY GROUP (RFG) ..................... 29 EXPRESS LOGISTICS CARRIER 1 AND 2 ............................................................................................... 31 RENDEZVOUS & DOCKING ....................................................................................................... 47 UNDOCKING, SEPARATION, AND DEPARTURE ...................................................................................... 48 SPACEWALKS -
+ STS-115 Press
STS-121 Press Kit CONTENTS Section Page STS-115 MISSION OVERVIEW: SPACE STATION ASSEMBLY RESUMES................................ 1 STS-115 TIMELINE OVERVIEW ............................................................................................... 10 MISSION PRIORITIES............................................................................................................. 12 LAUNCH AND LANDING ........................................................................................................... 14 LAUNCH............................................................................................................................................... 14 ABORT-TO-ORBIT (ATO)...................................................................................................................... 14 TRANSATLANTIC ABORT LANDING (TAL)............................................................................................. 14 RETURN-TO-LAUNCH-SITE (RTLS)....................................................................................................... 14 ABORT ONCE AROUND (AOA)............................................................................................................... 14 LANDING ............................................................................................................................................. 14 MISSION PROFILE................................................................................................................... 15 STS-115 ATLANTIS CREW ..................................................................................................... -
STS-132 Press Kit Cover.Indd
National Aeronautics and Space Administration SPACE SHUTTLE MISSION STS-132 Finishing Touches PRESS KIT/May 2010 www.nasa.gov CONTENTS Section Page STS-132/ULF4 MISSION OVERVIEW ...................................................................................... 1 STS-132 TIMELINE OVERVIEW ............................................................................................... 13 MISSION PROFILE ................................................................................................................... 17 MISSION OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................ 19 MISSION PERSONNEL ............................................................................................................. 23 STS-132 CREW ....................................................................................................................... 25 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................. 33 INTEGRATED CARGO CARRIER VERTICAL LIGHT DEPLOY (ICC-VLD) ................................................... 33 MINI-RESEARCH MODULE-1................................................................................................................. 36 RENDEZVOUS & DOCKING ....................................................................................................... 39 UNDOCKING, SEPARATION AND DEPARTURE ....................................................................................... 40 -
Project Vanguard and Ike's “Space for Peace”
NANZAN REVIEW OF AMERICAN STUDIES Volume 42 (2020): 23-42 Project Vanguard and Ike’s “Space for Peace” TABUCHI Yumi * Introduction On December 20, 2019, U.S. President Donald Trump founded the U.S. Space Force, the newest military branch since the creation of the U.S. Air Force in 1947. He was apparently responding to the rising threats from Russia and China, who are rumored to be developing their own space capabilities. Three decades after the error of Ronald Reagan’s Strategic Defense Initiative, Star Wars is now a distinct possibility. The formation of the Space Force symbolized a departure from a principle the United States had upheld for decades―that space should be free from all weapons and open to all nations. This principle, commonly called “space for peace,” now seems to be falling into oblivion.1 This article traces the origins of “space for peace” to Dwight D. Eisenhower’s presidency. In February 1955, the Technological Capabilities Panel (TCP) at the Science Advisory Committee (SAC) submitted a report, which proclaimed that “a satellite would constitute no active military offensive threat” and that “space, outside our atmosphere, is open to all [nations] (‘freedom of space’).”2 This * Doctoral candidate at Osaka School of International Public Policy, Osaka University [[email protected]]. I would like to express my gratitude to Associate Professor Kazushi Minami at Osaka University for always being a patient and supportive adviser, and the anonymous reviewers of the Nanzan Review of American Studies for their helpful comments. 1. “Space dominance” is now an important point of discussion regarding the Space Force. -
STS-135: the Final Mission Dedicated to the Courageous Men and Women Who Have Devoted Their Lives to the Space Shuttle Program and the Pursuit of Space Exploration
National Aeronautics and Space Administration STS-135: The Final Mission Dedicated to the courageous men and women who have devoted their lives to the Space Shuttle Program and the pursuit of space exploration PRESS KIT/JULY 2011 www.nasa.gov 2 011 2009 2008 2007 2003 2002 2001 1999 1998 1996 1994 1992 1991 1990 1989 STS-1: The First Mission 1985 1981 CONTENTS Section Page SPACE SHUTTLE HISTORY ...................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 1 SPACE SHUTTLE CONCEPT AND DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................... 2 THE SPACE SHUTTLE ERA BEGINS ....................................................................................................... 7 NASA REBOUNDS INTO SPACE ............................................................................................................ 14 FROM MIR TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION .......................................................................... 20 STATION ASSEMBLY COMPLETED AFTER COLUMBIA ........................................................................... 25 MISSION CONTROL ROSES EXPRESS THANKS, SUPPORT .................................................................... 30 SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM’S KEY STATISTICS (THRU STS-134) ........................................................ 32 THE ORBITER FLEET ............................................................................................................................ -
2010 Spaceport News Summary
2010 Spaceport News Summary The 2010 Spaceport News used the above banner for the year. The “Spaceport News” portion used a bolder look at the beginning of the year and finished the year with a less bold look. This feature is included on page 1 of some of the 2010 Spaceport News issues. Introduction The first issue of the Spaceport News was December 13, 1962. The 1963, 1964 and 1965 Spaceport News were issued weekly. The Spaceport News was issued every two weeks, starting July 7, 1966, until the last issue on February 24, 2014. Spaceport Magazine, a monthly issue, superseded the Spaceport News in April 2014, until the final issue, Jan./Feb. 2020. The two 1962 Spaceport News issues and the issues from 1996 until the final Spaceport Magazine issue, are available for viewing at this website. The Spaceport News issues from 1963 through 1995 are currently not available online. In this Summary, black font is original Spaceport News text, blue font is something I added or someone else/some other source provided, and purple font is a hot link. All links were working at the time I completed this Spaceport News Summary. The Spaceport News writer is acknowledged, if noted in the Spaceport News article. Starting with this Summary, the margins are left and right justified, more like a book. Page 1 From The January 8, 2010, Spaceport News On page 3, “South Florida undergraduates launch weather balloon, future”. Part of the article states “Sixteen undergraduate students, who might someday invent a sustainable lunar outpost or launch rockets and groundbreaking research satellites into space, participated in a five-day Space Florida Academy program at Kennedy on Dec.