February 2012
PROGRESS REPORT FEbRuaRy 2012 4. Countries: working on the ground
Global sanitation Fund
Progress report
1 GLOBAL SANITATION FUND 4. Countries: working on the ground
ABOVE: residents in tHe VillaGe oF MoraFeno, MadaGasCar, Celebrate tHeir CoMMunitY’s deClaration oF “oPen deFeCation Free” status in noVeMber 2011. PHoto: MCdi. COVER: a Man sHoWs tHe toilet He ConstruCted as a result oF GsF WorK in tHe VillaGe oF antaniMboanJo in MadaGasCar’s VaKinanKaratra reGion, noVeMber 2011. PHoto: WssCC.
Note to the reader For the implementation and management of its Global Sanitation Fund, WSSCC has developed twelve unalterable and inalienable principles* that ensure the GSF both functions well and has real impact by improving the lives of people who don’t have safe sanitation or good hygiene practices. One of the principles involves transparency: WSSCC believes transparency is vital, and so all procedures, processes, decisions, descriptions, actions, challenges and accomplishments relating to its grants management are publicly available both in written form and in the Global Sanitation Fund section of WSSCC’s website, www.wsscc.org. It is in that spirit that WSSCC is publishing this first bi-annual progress report on the Global Sanitation Fund. Through the reports, WSSCC intends to give a clear impression of the GSF’s results so that readers – be they citizens of or representatives from donor country governments, sanitation and hygiene sector professionals, national GSF programme partners and beneficiaries, or the concerned general public -- will know as much as they can about the GSF and be enthused and motivated to continue the work, which is part of the larger, important global effort to provide good sanitation and hygiene for the 2.6 billion people who lack them.
* 1 Be people-centred, community-managed and demand driven; 2 Help poor and unserved communities; 3 Incorporate gender considerations; 4 Expand coverage; 5 Respect national leadership; 6 Promote sustainable services; 7 Pool funds for maximum efficiency and low transaction costs; 8 Offer additionality; 9 Be results-based; 10 Have zero tolerance for fraud and corruption; 11 Ensure transparency; and 12 Adhere to best practices, as embodied in the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness. GLOBAL SANITATION FUND PROGRESS REPORT FEbRuaRy 2012
table oF ContentS
1. Headlines and HigHligHts...... 2 2. gsF Results ...... 3 3. gsF FuRtHeR added Value...... 5 4. CountRies: woRking on tHe gRound...... 10 • Cambodia ...... 10 • india ...... 12 • Madagascar ...... 14 • Malawi ...... 16 • nepal...... 18 • senegal...... 20 • uganda ...... 22
5. CountRies: staRting gRound woRk in 2012...... 24 • Burkina Faso ...... 24 • ethiopia ...... 25 • nigeria ...... 26 • tanzania...... 27 • togo...... 28
6. CountRies: next in tHe queue ...... 29 • Bangladesh ...... 29 • kenya ...... 29 • Mali ...... 29 • Pakistan ...... 29 • Countries 17 to 25: where do we go from here? ...... 29
7. PeoPle’s VoiCes aBout tHe gsF ...... 30 8. suB-gRantees FRoM a to Z ...... 32 9. How it woRks: tHe gloBal sanitation Fund ...... 36
1 GLOBAL SANITATION FUND
1. Headlines and highlightS
THE GlOBAl SANITATION FUND (GSF) HAS COMMITTED US$ 43.5 MIllION TO DATE TO ENSURE THAT 12.5 MIllION PEOPlE HAVE IMPROVED SANITATION AND THAT 16 MIllION PEOPlE lIVE IN ClEAN, HEAlTHy AND SAFE ENVIRONMENTS.
That commitment is yielding results in villages and US$ 21.5 million has been allocated provisionally to communities in Africa and Asia. It is a commitment shared start programmes in five more countries2 in 2012, by national partners, WSSCC and the GSF donors. and associated GSF management and development operations in Geneva.
The amount allocated is 100 percent of the US$ 75 National programmes generating million pledged to WSSCC by its donors for the GSF. results To implement programmes in all 12 countries over five years, additional resources of US$ 9.1 million are Key results of the Global Sanitation Fund programmes required. include: US$ 11 million is committed by Executing Agencies 102,970 people with improved toilets. (EAs) to sub-grantees and service providers, which is 41 percent of the planned amount to be committed in 68,860 people in over 500 communities in the programme designs. Madagascar, Malawi and India now live in cleaner environments free of open defecation. 68 out of 135 sub-grantees are contracted to work on the ground, which together with current commitments 2,641 communities have participated in demand and disbursements provides a good indication on creation activities in the countries listed above as well overall programme progress. as in Cambodia, Nepal, Senegal and Uganda. In addition, as outlined in the GSF Further Added Value 661,000 people have heard about the importance section on the following pages: of good hygiene through community activities and communications campaigns. The GSF is a catalyst for funding mechanisms in Uganda and Tanzania. The Results Overview on pages 4 and 5 gives a snapshot of the current status and targets for the seven country GSF structures are providing a platform for sector- programmes1 working on the ground as of 1 February wide collaboration, as in Nigeria and Senegal. 2012. Since the GSF is a sanitation financing mechanism, the flow of finances is also a key indicator of programme The GSF is having a positive impact on government implementation. To date: systems such as Nepal and Malawi.
US$ 43.5 million has been committed to seven Models are emerging that can impact the sector as country programmes and US$ 4.3 million invested in a whole, and sharing knowledge and lessons learnt GSF management and development operations. across countries has commenced.
1. Cambodia, India, Madagascar, Malawi, Nepal, Senegal and Uganda. 2. Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Tanzania and Togo.
2 PROGRESS REPORT FEbRuaRy 2012
Learning by doing: the GSF Attribution and verification of comes to fruition results
WSSCC designed and set up the GSF in 2008 to GSF-supported activities are always implemented within inject extra finances into countries with high needs for a wider (sector) environment. As a relatively new sector sanitation. like other major global funds, the early stages programme the GSF acknowledges the work that has in the GSF’s life were devoted to setting up the systems been done by other actors in previous years that had of an innovative programme – both at the global level in laid a foundation for GSF’s intervention. In addition, WSSCC’s host agency UNOPS and at the national level in in most countries the GSF is one of a number of the first group of countries. With hindsight WSSCC sees current interventions all of which may contribute to the that it underestimated the time it would take to get the anticipated improvement of the sanitation situation on systems in place, especially those in country. However, the ground. The data presented in the Results Overview from this first phase the GSF now has a clear Results on pages 4-5 currently represents the total number of Framework and Monitoring and Evaluation system, and additional people within our programme focus areas that there have been benefits to the collaborative approach have been affected by changing sanitation and hygiene that the GSF takes. behaviour during the life of the GSF intervention. In the future, the GSF intends to conduct specific studies to try The process of bringing together around one table all the to better understand the various inputs of different actors leading agencies concerned with sanitation in a particular and causal link with the jointly achieved outcomes. country has been itself exciting and productive. In country after country WSSCC has seen that this collaboration is The information presented in the Results Overview generating better understanding, and more consistent is based on reports submitted by GSF sub-grantees, policies and programmes – in effect, that the presence of according to country specific monitoring systems set the GSF has achieved useful results even before the first up and managed by the respective Executing Agencies sub-grantees start their field work. The GSF’s main aim is with oversight from GSF. Periodic spot checks by EAs directly increasing the number of people with improved and Country Programme Monitors have been carried sanitation, and that is rightly the benchmark against which out as per agreed regular monitoring procedures, and it will be judged. As this report describes, 2011 was the will be followed by independent mid-term and five-year year in which the GSF has started to achieve tangible evaluations of the data. Currently, this document includes progress on this in a significant number of countries. communities reported as Open Defecation Free, whilst verification and certification is ongoing. Future progress reports will incorporate the independent certifications. GSF can be replicated in many countries GSF support The GSF is now a reality and can be replicated and rolled out to many countries. WSSCC continues to receive much WSSCC gratefully acknowledges the donors to the GSF, demand for GSF support in places where the sanitation which are the Governments of Australia, the Netherlands, needs are great. WSSCC’s Medium-Term Strategic Plan Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The (MTSP) 2012-20163 identifies 35 priority countries majority of the GSF’s funds come from the Netherlands, in which the GSF could and should be working, which and in 2010 and 2011, Switzerland reinvested in the GSF contain almost 1.5 billion people without sanitation. The whilst Sweden reinvested in 2011 with a further multi-year GSF’s ability to meet this demand, and the MTSP target of commitment. work programmes in 25 countries by 2016, is impacted by funding availability, and a major factor influencing that funding is the demonstration of cost-effective results at scale. WSSCC hopes that this report gives a clear impression of the GSF’s results and that readers will be enthused and motivated to continue their support and involvement in the GSF.
3. Available in full (English, French) and Executive Summary (English, French and Spanish) versions at www.wsscc.org.
3 GLOBAL SANITATION FUND
2. GsF reSultS
Results Overview indicator Financial pipeline indicators descriptions This shows funds committed and disbursed to date and presents progress of GSF programme rollout from the country pipeline perspective. The pipeline shows financial Key results flows from WSSCC to Executing Agencies and on to sub- The performance of the GSF programme globally is grantees and contractors that are competitively selected defined by the results achieved on the ground and the and carrying out GSF fieldwork. efficiency with which they are delivered. The results indicators in the dashboard represent three key indicators drawn from the GSF Monitoring and Evaluation system. Programme development indicators The single most important indicator reports people with These show the pipeline of country programmes and improved sanitation as per the numbers of people with country programme proposals. Based on available improved toilets.1 The GSF considers the number of funding, WSSCC approves country programme proposals people living in open defecation free environments as a and initiates contracting processes to appoint an milestone step in people achieving improved sanitation. Executing Agency and Country Programme Monitor. The externalities of sanitation mean that health and other benefits, though significant in the process, only truly accrue once 100 percent access and usage is achieved, Unit cost which is the ultimate aim of the GSF. Projected unit cost is the average investment per capita of GSF programmes and is currently estimated as the People washing their hands with soap at critical times is five-year cost of the programme divided by the five-year a key indicator to measure an improvement in hygiene target number of people with improved sanitation. These practice, but the GSF is keen to only measure sustained range between US$1 and US$20. Variations occur due changes in behaviour. Therefore data relating to hand to factors such as current or prior involvement of other washing with soap at critical times will only be generated stakeholders, topographic and demographic factors, and after a longer period of time using different monitoring the cost of resources in different countries and regions. methods. Financial data and information related to unit cost is an area of focus for the GSF that is reflected in the design of its Monitoring and Evaluation system. Intermediate indicators The intermediate indicators, like steps on a ladder, directly lead to the achievements represented by the key results. For example, the number of communities where sanitation demand creation has occurred directly impacts how many are eventually declared Open Defecation Free. The indicators related to target areas and programme reach indicate the scale at which the GSF is working. People receiving hygiene messaging reflects a step in the behaviour change journey when they ultimately wash their hands with soap.
1. The GSF prioritizes this indicator over and above others on the basis of two factors: (i) the belief that an improved toilet has the maximum positive impacts on its users and the wider community, and (ii) the fact that it is this indicator that through the UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) process will contribute to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goal target on sanitation.
4 PROGRESS REPORT FEbRuaRy 2012
RESulTS overview
key reSultS - To date and 5 year targets in 7 countries
1 Feb 2012 5 year targets People with improved toilets 102 970 12 410 000
TOILETSS People live in odF environments 68 860 18 175 200 People wash their Data available hands with soap at mid-term review 12 107 400
intermediate indiCatorS - Results to date and 5 year targets in 7 countries
1 Feb 2012 5 year targets Communities declared odF 531 33 050 Communities triggered 2 641 54 818 People received hygiene messages 661 000 22 165 400 People live in target areas 5 623 400 23 585 400
FinanCial PiPeline - 1 Feb 2012
in-country GsF awards to sub- commitments $43 452 118 grantees $10 909 370 GsF in-country grant disbursements $7 265 489 disbursements $2 035 756
unit CoSt Programme develoPment
ongoing programmes 7 $1>...<$20 Programmes commencing in 2012 5 Proposed programmes 13 * see indicator definition
5 GLOBAL SANITATION FUND
3. GsF Further added value
The GSF programme is helping to improve the to build momentum. In India, the Chief Ministers effectiveness of structures, systems and stakeholders in Assam and Jharkhand said publically that the that are part of the enabling environment for successful GSF complements their own sanitation and hygiene sanitation programming. WSSCC acknowledges and initiatives. This high-level political endorsement appreciates that the success of the coordination increases the enthusiasm of other actors for the processes is due to the hard work and commitment of programme, especially local government officials. many partners. The GSF work also reflects WSSCC’s core principles. These include to respond to the demands and GSF countries have government sanitation policies, needs of individuals and communities; to engage and strategies and plans in place, albeit to varying serve the most vulnerable people; to set a progressive degrees, but a consistent constraint1 across most of agenda; and to work in open collaboration with members them is the lack of sufficient funding or poor targeting and partners. On the last point, WSSCC supports sector of funding to implement the plans. The GSF contributes coordination and collaboration in programme delivery towards addressing some of this gap but, more to ensure that results are achieved efficiently and in importantly, provides a channel for additional funds harmony. to flow. Uganda is addressing the funding gap partly through the GSF-supported Uganda Sanitation Fund (USF). It is believed that the USF, which is managed by the Ministry of Health, will serve as a valuable catalyst Sector-led design processes and and demonstrate how funds can be used effectively continued strategic oversight and efficiently through existing government structures and institutions, in turn accelerating improvements The strategic oversight role of each country’s though partnerships with local NGOs. By proving the Programme Coordinating Mechanism (PCM) – a viability and effectiveness of this model, Ugandan multi-stakeholder group convened by GSF to help colleagues envisage that this will lead to more develop the Country Programme Proposal (CPP) – is resources being allocated to sanitation and hygiene by coming to fruition. The ownership fostered by PCMs other ministries as well as amongst local government while developing the Country Programme Proposals budgets. has grown into genuine interest and engagement during implementation. Because of this, the GSF has The GSF continues to support improvements in benefited from the knowledge and experience of sector coordination and effectiveness beyond the PCM members during, for example, development of implementation of the programmes themselves. sub-grantee terms of reference and selection, or the In many countries, the PCM has a unique role and identification of learning agendas. PCMs have provided provides a platform for wider collaboration. In insight on necessary programme adjustments based Nigeria, the GSF’s programme is an avenue for on initial implementation experiences or changes stakeholders in the National Task Group for Sanitation to the wider sector landscape. This happened in (NTGS) to operationalize a sector-wide approach to Madagascar, where a strategic re-orientation of the sanitation and hygiene programming. To date, many programme began in year two of the programme other activities have been driven by individual donors, based on the lessons learnt from year one and and the GSF-financed programme is the first NTGS- identified, among others, the need for more support led donor intervention in Nigeria. Given the efforts and capacity building of selected sub-grantees based to replicate the same coordination structure at state on the capacity assessment made by the EA. level in Nigeria, particularly in the states targeted by the GSF programme, it is hoped that the programme Engagement with the government and other will provide a model to strengthen coordination of stakeholders while planning the GSF programmes has sanitation interventions. created a conducive environment for the GSF partners to commence activities on the ground. The GSF has also earned important political support, which helps 1. Another typical constraint is a lack of professional capacity, which the GSF also addresses.
6 PROGRESS REPORT FEbRuaRy 2012
Below is a snapshot of some further added value through programme design processes, a focus on scale, collaboration and coordination, and people-centred approaches that are all at the heart of the Global Sanitation Fund.
Burkina Faso Senegal GSF to Nepal help local GSF people- Working at scale: government centred approach GSF supports support small manifested Cambodia proven hand washing service providers programmes Ethiopia in part through Programme sub-national supports collection Togo Nigeria Federal Ministry consultations with of Health plans to and analysis Equity and inclusion: Support to Local NGOs and potential of equity indicators mobilize staff at sub-grantees programme targets Government own cost to within national M&E three poorest and Authority WASH units support systems, adding most vulnerable will ensure long-term GSF work significant value regions mechanisms to provide India to the sector technical support, as a whole and sustainable services Malawi Chief Ministers in Assam and Jharkhand Local government said GSF complements Uganda officials have their own sanitation appreciated GSF and hygiene initiatives Sanitation funding consultative gap partly addressed approach through Uganda Madagascar Sanitation Fund Continued strategic oversight: programme Tanzania re-oriented after Three districts initial implementation in Dodoma region identified need for targeted for more sub-grantee total sanitation coverage capacity on CLTS
7 GLOBAL SANITATION FUND
Achieving results at scale design identified where the Executing Agency and programme sub-grantees can add value in two of through collaborative and the most disadvantages states (and where the Total coordinated implementation Sanitation Campaign is off track). This support would be through the provision of technical support to The GSF commitment to respect national leadership enable government resources to flow more effectively has been translated into the programmes at the and target those most in need. An example of this implementation level. GSF programmes have been is the support the GSF programme is providing to able to move to the ground with strong support and the Government’s Communication and Capacity engagement from local government institutions and Development Units, who are tasked with delivering officials. As designed, local government agencies software activities in the Total Sanitation Campaign but are direct recipients of GSF funding, where sufficient lack the capacity to undertake effective activities at capacity is in place locally, and in other instances scale. This approach has been welcomed by the state sub-grantees have brought local government agencies and sub-state government structures. in as key partners. As a result, local government agencies are taking a leading role in directing and The GSF has developed strong partnerships with supporting the implementation of the majority of the other ongoing sector programmes in the various programmes. In Uganda, local governments, who are countries. These partnerships are facilitating the the main recipients of sub-grants, have teamed up with sharing of existing knowledge and will in the future NGOs to jointly accelerate the roll-out of all community ensure that lessons learnt are shared between based activities. In Malawi, the local government programmes and fed back into the sector. In officials within the District Coordination Teams have Senegal, the Executing Agency is working closely shared their appreciation for the consultative approach with the World Bank Water and Sanitation Programme GSF sub-grantees have taken and the level of (WSP) country office to benefit from its experience engagement they have had in implementation to date. on the implementation of large-scale hand washing programmes. The WSP country office plans to extend This strategy has enabled local government resources its support to the Executing Agency management to be harnessed and strong partnerships to deliver team through providing training on monitoring and GSF objectives at scale to be established. In ethiopia, evaluation software and methodologies. In the same the Federal Ministry of Health plans to mobilize some way, collaboration between the GSF programme and of its staff to support GSF work from the central level UNICEF in Nepal has enabled a joint initiative on down to the sub-district level. This contribution could sanitation marketing to reach beyond its initial scope maximize the potential for programme impact and use and feed into sector policy in this area. of funds at the decentralized level, as well as ensure a stronger governmental ownership of the programme at all levels. People-centred approach Equally important is a significant potential focused on sustainable change improvement in the ability of local officials and structures to support sanitation and hygiene The GSF programmes have been designed and are programmes and services beyond the GSF being implemented with a clear focus on the principles programme cycle. In Nigeria, the aim of supporting of being people-centred. As the GSF programmes local Government Authority WASH units and have rolled out, the level of participation and WASHCOMs as an outcome of the implementation of engagement of different groups has been widened the programme will ensure that long-term mechanisms through sub-national consultations. To identify to provide technical support for sustainable services potential sub-grantees, Executing Agencies have held are in place. orientations with a wide range of civil society groups in India, Nepal, Madagascar and Malawi. In addition, In India, the government’s investment in the sanitation as activities commence on the ground, GSF partners sector is significant; there are both financial and have ensured that civil society groups and potential human resources at a sub-national level to support programme beneficiaries are well represented in improvements in sanitation. The GSF programme planning meetings with local government.
8 PROGRESS REPORT FEbRuaRy 2012
The focus on a people-centred approach can be seen across the GSF programme through the TypIcAL GSF prOGrAmme mILeSTONeS promotion of approaches that rely upon locally tailored AND FeATUreS behavioural change and communication interventions that respond to socio-cultural norms and practices. In addition, through the sub-grantees that the GSF From Africa to Asia, small countries to large countries, and dry programmes have already engaged a wider variety areas to wet areas, the GSF programmes are implemented of people-centred planning and monitoring processes in some very diverse and different places. The GSF country programmes are tailored for the national context, but they are emerging. This includes planning processes led do have some common milestones and features across all by Traditional Authorities/leaders in Malawi and programmes. Madagascar and the use of community based monitoring tools in Nepal. è Country-led development and approval of a programme of work setting the framework for all GSF activities in the country, including the work of the Programme Coordinating Mechanism Most GSF supported programmes include demand- (PCM). creation approaches as a core element of the programme. In many instances, this is being è Procurement of an Executing Agency (EA) and a Country Programme Monitor (CPM) to manage and monitor the implemented through the Community led Total implementation of the approved country programme. Sanitation (ClTS) approach.2 The GSF’s programme è Baseline data collection as a basis for reviewing assumptions, has already resulted in 531 communities being setting targets and developing detailed implementation declared open defecation free (ODF) worldwide. strategies. Across the programmes, the GSF continues to è Selection of sub-grantees to implement the programme on the scale up and spread the ClTS approach within and ground and deliver results. beyond the target areas. An example of this is in è As necessary, capacity development interventions targeting Madagascar, where the GSF programme has selected sub-grantees to ensure effective programme supported a comprehensive ClTS training of trainers implementation. to GSF sub-grantees, government officials and other è Mobilization of regional and local government authorities in stakeholders. targeted areas, and other partners, to ensure sustainable results and ownership by those duty bearers responsible for The WSSCC Medium-Term Strategic Plan 2012- service provision. 2016 includes activities and indicators focused on è Sub-grantees work with communities through participatory sustainable change and equity. These are present planning and monitoring processes at the community level to in many GSF programmes through the inclusion of set and report against targets. initiatives to support governments at national and local è Community mobilization activities and continuous follow-up levels in developing and strengthening monitoring to create demand for improved sanitation and to stimulate improved hygiene behaviours. and evaluation systems. The Ministries of Rural Development and Public Health and Social Welfare è Development of the private sector, particularly local entrepreneurs, to establish a supply chain ready to meet the in Cambodia and tanzania, respectively, will use demand for improved sanitation and hygiene services. programme funds to set up a national monitoring and evaluation system and framework to be managed by è Support hygiene messaging and media campaigns to create demand and help establish supply chains. their own personnel. GSF’s support for the inclusion and consistent collection and analysis of indicators è Develop learning and communication pathways using sub-grantees, Country Programme Monitors and existing on sustainable behaviour change and equity within government structures, with the aim of being results-based national monitoring and evaluation systems is and ensuring continuous programme improvement. envisaged to add significant value to the sector as a è Conduct rigorous monitoring and evaluation. whole.
2. ClTS is an innovative methodology for mobilizing communities to completely eliminate open defecation (OD). Communities are facilitated to conduct their own appraisal and analysis of open defecation and take their own action to become ODF (open defecation free).
9 GLOBAL SANITATION FUND 4. Countries: working on the ground
rePresentatiVes oF tHe GsF exeCutinG aGenCY Plan international CaMbodia ConduCt a Pre-iMPleMentation Field Visit WitH a Potential sub-Grantee, Cambodia noVeMber 2011. PHoto: Plan international.
Funds disbursed to initial sub-grantees in January
In Cambodia, the Global Sanitation Fund and improved hygiene practices into improvement Programme (CR-SHIP), programme is part of a dynamic mix communities have resulted in emerging which promotes sanitation and hygiene of stakeholders pioneering innovative indications of behaviour change. in the rural areas of the country. and successful work around sanitation The strong NGO base that works in marketing and other approaches. So Cambodia will build upon these efforts, Through CR-SHIP, the GSF is supporting it was with great excitement that the and five NGOs were amongst the the government by mobilizing resources GSF programme became an active the first sub-grantees. These NGOs to undertake advocacy work, ClTS part of this mix with the signing of six are at the forefront of a programme programming, Information, Education sub-grantees on 1 January 2012, with that will impact 200,000 households and Communication (IEC) material, as a seventh expected in February. Plan (approximately one million people) over well as development of critical tools, International Cambodia, the Executing five years in 2,000 villages, 250 rural capacity development, and much more. Agency, disbursed the first US$ communes and 53 districts where half The programme has been carefully 158,500 of a planned US$ 1,200,000 the households currently lack any type of designed to focus on the latest to these sub-grantees, who will focus on sanitation coverage. “software” approaches. sanitation and hygiene promotion and Community-led Total Sanitation. To get to the stage of signing Today, improved rural coverage in its sub-grantees, the in-country Cambodia stands at 18 percent. In One of the challenges in Cambodia stakeholders formed an effective concert with the GSF programme is that its rural population is tradition- Programme Coordinating Mechanism support, the country aims to reach its bound. Open defecation is commonly (PCM) that included government Millennium Development Goal (MDG) accepted, with the exception of latrine officials, development partners and target of increased sanitation services usage in public areas only, and only international NGOs. The result of this for 30 percent of the rural population by among adults. However, recent efforts successful collaboration was the joint 2015. to introduce new sanitation promotion Cambodia Rural Sanitation and Hygiene
10 PROGRESS REPORT FEbRuaRy 2012
Thailand Laos Latest DeveLopments
OTDAR MEAN CHEAY PREAH BANTEAY VIHEAR STOENG MEAN Plan International Cambodia, as Center for Health Promotion (NCHP) to TRENG ROTANAH CHEAY SIEM REAB KIRI Executing Agency (EA), has signed grant provide training on ClTS and sanitation BATDAMBANG KAMPONG MONDOL THUM KIRI agreements with these seven sub-grantee marketing. This set of support activities Cambodia partners: SNV, Cesvi, RWC, Santi Sena, will be the catalyst to ensure the quality KRACHEH POUTHISAT KAMPONG KAMPONG CHAM CFED, NAS and CHED to implement and programme results and the effective CHHNANG
KAOH KONG PHNUMPHNOM PENH sanitation and hygiene promotion in the engagement of its main actors. PENH KANDAL PREY VENG first three provinces: Kampong Cham, Svay SVAY TAKEV RIENG KAMPOT Rieng and Takeo. In addition to its first seven sub- grantees, five more are expected to start PREAH Vietnam SEIHANU Five NGO partners conducted a GSF working in April 2012, focusing specifically shaded areas are GsF target areas. project kickoff workshop at the district on sanitation marketing. The call for level in Svay Rieng and Kampong Cham expression of interest for these grants was Facts provinces recently in order to present their advertised in December 2011. total PoPulation (Hdr) successful projects to key stakeholders 15.05 million from the Provincial Development of Rural iMProVed sanitation CoVeraGe Development, Provincial Department of 4. Countries: working on the ground total: 29%, Urban: 67%, rural: 23.2% Education youth and Sport (PoEyS), District PoPulation WitHout aCCess to saFe Governors, District of Rural Development sanitation (JMP) (DoRD), District of Education youth and 10.4 million Sport (DoEyS), and Commune Committee under 5 MortalitY rate (WHo) 88/1000 for Women and Children (CCWC). The % oF under 5 deatHs Caused bY diarrHoea (WHo) Executing Agency initiated the roll out 7% of the capacity building component; a GdP Per CaPita contract has been signed with the National $818 per annum
key reSultS intermediate indiCatorS Results to date and 5 year targets Results to date and 5 year targets 1 Feb 2012 5 year targets 1 Feb 2012 5 year targets People with Communities improved 0 800 000 declared odF 0 1 200 toilets Communities People live in triggered 174 2 000 TOILETSS odF 0 1 200 000 People received environments hygiene 87 000 1 000 000 messages People wash Data available their hands at mid-term 480 000 People live in with soap review target areas 87 000 1 000 000
FinanCial PiPeline - 1 Feb 2012 unit CoSt
GsF in-country awards commitments $6 173 950 to sub-grantees $1 200 000
GsF in-country grant $8 disbursements $715 000 disbursements $158 000
11 GLOBAL SANITATION FUND 4. Countries: working on the ground
CoMMunitY MeMbers are insPired to end oPen deFeCation in tHis sanitation “triGGerinG” ConduCted bY nrMC india PriVate ltd., tHe GsF exeCutinG aGenCY in india, in tHe state oF india JHarKHand, oCtober 2011. PHoto: nrMC.
First 25,000 of planned 6 million have improved toilets
The Global Sanitation Fund in India Initial signs are that all stakeholders to develop capacity for sustainable collaborates closely with the Indian see this GSF-TSC partnership positively promotion of improved sanitation and Government’s Total Sanitation Campaign and mutually beneficial and that it will hygiene; and to promote a culture (TSC) to raise the level of sanitation deliver results at scale. To date 165 of continuous learning among all awareness for up to 8 million people in communities have been triggered using stakeholders. The objectives are Assam and Jharkhand. It also relies on a range of demand-creation approaches, mutually reinforcing. Using a combination close coordination between a myriad of and this has already led to around of demand creation (such as Community- community, local and national partners 25,000 people accessing improved led Total Sanitation) and supply in 18 districts in the States of Jharkhand sanitation services. side approaches (such as sanitation and Assam. marketing) the GSF aims to contribute to The GSF’s activities in 2011 aimed to demand creation for sanitation, hygiene NRMC India Private ltd, the Executing increase the engagement and ownership promotion, and awareness generation Agency, has identified an initial five of the GSF by the governments of among the targeted districts. KPMG, as sub-grantees in five districts out of the Assam and Jharkhand. This proved to the GSF Country Programme Monitor, 18 districts that GSF is targeting. The be a worthwhile investment in time and is helping to ensure the quality of the sub-grantees are NIDAN, Integrated resources, as sub-grantees have found programme implementation. Development Foundation, AIDENT their local government counterparts Social Welfare Organization, Jan Sewa ready and willing to work together to Parishad and lok Jagriti Kendra. improve sanitation service and hygiene Following initial orientation and capacity practices in the focus districts. building activities related to the GSF’s programme and systems, the The programme has three objectives: sub-grantees have commenced demand- to contribute to sustainable sanitation creation activities on the ground. use and hygiene behaviour at scale;
12 PROGRESS REPORT FEbRuaRy 2012
Latest DeveLopments JAMMU & China KASHMIR
HIMACHAL PRADESH Tibet PUNJAB Pakistan UTTARANCHAL HARYANA As the GSF programme is so closely inputs of different actors toward achieving NEW DELHI Nepal ARUNACHAL UTTAR PRADESH SIKKIM BhutanPRADESH RAJASTHAN ASSAM integrated with implementation of the these results, to enable contribution and NAGALAND BIHAR MEGHALAYA BangladeshMANIPUR India JHARKHAND TRIPURA Government of India’s Total Sanitation attribution to be more clearly articulated. GUJARAT WEST MIZORAM MADYA PRADESH BENGAL Campaign (TSC), the results of the two However the results reported by the GSF
ORISSA DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI MAHARASHTRA programmes are intrinsically linked. During in India should be understood to represent CHHATTISGARTH the GSF’s programme design in India it the collaborative intervention of a number of ANDHRA PRADESH
GOA was agreed by the PCM that attempting actors both directly and indirectly supported KARNATA to separate the results of the two by the GSF programme.
KERALA TAMIL NADU programmes would be artificial and would
Sri Lanka not demonstrate the symbiotic nature of In October, representatives of WSSCC’s shaded areas are GsF target areas. the programmes’ approach. Aligning of donors and the Executive Director visited GSF’s programme with the TSC’s strong the GSF programme in Jharkhand State. Facts monitoring system avoids the duplication The visit ranged from witnessing a ClTS total PoPulation (Hdr) of resources and ensures that results are triggering in a village in Seraikela district 1.2 billion presented in a consistent manner. As part to meeting governmental officials. The visit iMProVed sanitation CoVeraGe of this arrangement the GSF’s partners gave an opportunity to observe the work of 4. Countries: working on the ground total: 31%, Urban: 54%, rural: 21% in India have already been involved in the the Executing Agency and sub-grantees and PoPulation WitHout aCCess to saFe verification of a number of Panchayats who to gain a deeper understanding of the GSF sanitation (JMP) have claimed the Nirmal Gram Puruskar. in practice. 841 million The GSF programme will therefore report under 5 MortalitY rate (WHo) 66/1000 all sanitation and hygiene results achieved % oF under 5 deatHs Caused bY diarrHoea (WHo) across working districts and blocks 13% during the intervention period. During the GdP Per CaPita second half of the programme the GSF will $1200 per annum commission a specific study to analyze the
key reSultS intermediate indiCatorS Results to date and 5 year targets Results to date and 5 year targets 1 Feb 2012 5 year targets 1 Feb 2012 5 year targets People with Communities improved 25 000 6 000 000 declared odF 40 5 000 toilets Communities People live in triggered 165 10 000 TOILETSS odF 25 500 7 500 000 People received environments hygiene 100 000 8 000 000 messages People wash Data available their hands at mid-term 8 000 000 People live in with soap review target areas 4 000 400 8 000 000
FinanCial PiPeline - 1 Feb 2012 unit CoSt
GsF in-country awards commitments $6 354 000 to sub-grantees $1 160 345
GsF in-country grant $1 disbursements $929 153 disbursements $82 708
13 GLOBAL SANITATION FUND 4. Countries: working on the ground
a WoMan and Her CHildren in Front oF tHeir toilet, WHiCH sHe iMProVed aFter a GsF interVention. seVenteen ProGraMMe sub-Grantees are CurrentlY WorKinG intensiVelY in MadaGasCar to iMProVe tHe sanitation and HYGiene situation For tHe MalaGasY PeoPle. madagaSCar PHoto: WssCC.
Sub-grantees reach out to 2,000 communities; 23,000 people now have improved toilets
Madagascar is one of the poorest The vision for all selected regions is to has been working in Madagascar countries in the world, with large attain “open defecation free” status, as since 1996, is the Executing numbers of people lacking access to well as to have all local governments Agency responsible for programme basic sanitation, but it is the quickest in the targeted areas with a sanitation administration and implementation. off the mark with the Global Sanitation budget, capacity for sanitation and FTHM Consulting, a Malagasy auditing Fund (GSF). The GSF programme in hygiene promotion, and access to a firm, is the GSF Country Programme Madagascar, referred to as the Fonds vibrant private sector that is providing Monitor (CPM). d’Appui pour l’Assainissement, is now in improved sanitation. full implementation with 17 sub-grantees Since the programme launch in March working intensively on the ground to Nine regions have been selected to 2010, the Programme Coordinating improve the sanitation and hygiene receive large grants in three funding Mechanism (PCM) has been successful situation for the Malagasy people. rounds designed to first demonstrate in fostering sector collaboration to To date, 23,000 people have gained the approach, then achieve geographic address the sanitation situation on access to improved toilets because of balance nationally, and finally, encourage a national scale and in providing GSF-supported work in the country. all regions to implement their own continuous strategic guidance for programmes. A number of smaller the programme. The PCM includes The Madagascar programme focuses support grants are being awarded to representatives from three ministries, on hygiene education, raising awareness organizations in adjacent regions in national and international NGOs, the and demand creation in order to have order to scale up their existing activities private sector, and bilateral and UN an impact on a national scale. It applies and create a ripple effect in the country agencies. a regional approach that combines as a whole. promotion of hygiene, Community- led Total Sanitation and sanitation Medical Care Development International marketing. (MCDI), an international NGO that
14 PROGRESS REPORT FEbRuaRy 2012
Comoros Latest DeveLopments
DIANA SAVA
SOFIA In 2011, the GSF in Madagascar high quality standard. Representatives from
BOENY awarded a total of 17 grants through two all NGO partners participated in the training, Madagascar BETSIBOKA ANALANJIROFO rounds of funding, with contract signature and a mechanism whereby identified ClTS MELAKY ANALAMANGA BONGOLAVA with successful sub-grantees in May and coaches support a sub-grantee each over ANTANANARIVO ITASY
ALAOTRA MANGORO VAKINANKARATRA ATSINANANA October respectively. a longer period of time was put in place, MENABE AMORON’I MANIA ensuring sustainability. HAUTE MATSIATRA
VATOVAVY Six of these grants are large grants of IHOROMBE -FITOVINANY ANDREFANA-ATSIMO approximately US$ 400,000 covering four As part of the above training
ANOSY years and 11 of them are small grants of programme, Dr. Kamal Kar of the ClTS ANDROY US$ 20,000 covering 1-2 years. Foundation was involved in analyzing shaded areas are GsF target areas. gaps and areas for improvements and All selected sub-grantees are in the thereafter led a one week training workshop Facts process of implementing activities on the addressing these gaps in November 2011. total PoPulation (Hdr) ground. A follow-up visit by Dr. Kar is planned for 20.7 million May 2012. iMProVed sanitation CoVeraGe In 2012, another three large grants 4. Countries: working on the ground total: 11%, Urban: 15%, rural:10% of US$ 300,000 will be awarded and Also in 2011, a research study PoPulation WitHout aCCess to saFe additional funds will be used to reinforce identifying successful approaches in sanitation (JMP) existing small grants and grantees that sanitation and hygiene was carried out and 17.3 million have proven to be successful. the results are being fed back to sub- under 5 MortalitY rate (WHo) 58/1000 grantees. % oF under 5 deatHs Caused bY diarrHoea (WHo) In 2011 the EA launched a national 21% ClTS capacity building programme GdP Per CaPita targeting appointed sub-grantees to ensure $488 per annum that all GSF-funded ClTS activities are of
key reSultS intermediate indiCatorS Results to date and 5 year targets Results to date and 5 year targets 1 Feb 2012 5 year targets 1 Feb 2012 5 year targets People with Communities improved 23 000 2 000 000 declared odF 449 12 000 toilets Communities People live in triggered 2 001 20 000 TOILETSS odF 21 500 3 500 000 People received environments hygiene 296 000 5 000 000 messages People wash Data available their hands at mid-term 1 000 000 People live in with soap review target areas 688 000 6 500 000
FinanCial PiPeline - 1 Feb 2012 unit CoSt
GsF in-country awards commitments $6 191 593 to sub-grantees $2 950 308
GsF in-country grant $3 disbursements $1 541 583 disbursements $456 453
15 GLOBAL SANITATION FUND 4. Countries: working on the ground
a YounG boY sHoWs Good Hand WasHinG sKills in a MalaWian VillaGe WHere GsF sub-Grantees HaVe been WorKinG. PHoto: WssCC. malawi
52,000 more people now have improved toilets
The GSF programme in Malawi providing sanitation services, including poorest and least covered areas, the accomplished an important milestone construction of improved toilets. joint working of local government and moment in late 2011 with the civil society organizations supported by completion of a detailed baseline study There are 28 districts in Malawi, and the GSF is enabling increased reach, of GSF working areas. The baseline the GSF programme targets six of coordination and support to improve study confirmed the results that will them. In each of these, the District access and use to sanitation. be achieved during the programme’s Coordination Team (DCT), led by the five years, helped target the initial Government of Malawi, has taken a The National Sanitation and Hygiene programme interventions and acted as central role in planning and coordinating Coordination Unit (NSCHU), as a useful advocacy tool to engage and the implementation of GSF-supported Programme Coordinating Mechanism mobilize local government resources. activities. DCTs have worked with Plan (PCM), guides the Malawi programme. Malawi and the sub-grantees to integrate The NSCHU, a multi-stakeholder group, Sub-grantees have provided training their plans with existing resources was included in the Government of to over 50 local government officials; available to the local government and Malawi’s sector policy but in practice together with the officials they have maximize the engagement of local only began operating after the GSF triggered 208 communities, leading to government health workers and other programme inspired increased 41 open defecation free communities district-based staff. coordination and joint planning and and 52,000 people with improved programming amongst key sector toilets. Initial demand creation and As a result, local government staff have actors. Plan Malawi, a leading actor awareness activities have been been provided thorough training on in the sector, is the GSF’s Executing supported by follow-up visits and further sanitation and hygiene demand creation, Agency (EA), and its work is overseen by capacity building initiatives to increase promotion and follow-up by the GSF PricewaterhouseCoopers, the Country the number of local entrepreneurs’ sub-grantees. Targeting some of the Programme Monitor (CPM).
16 PROGRESS REPORT FEbRuaRy 2012
Latest DeveLopments
Tanzania
Zambia RUMPHI In December, the Malawi programmed developing the knowledge and skills of NORTHERN Malawi marked the end of its initial capacity government health workers, for example building activities in Phalombe, Balaka – they have been supported to work, as NKHOTAKHOTA Mozambique and Ntchisi – three of the six districts in part of teams undertaking community NTCHISI CENTRAL southern Malawi where its programme is “triggering” activities within Traditional LILONGWE currently being implemented through a Authorities across GSF’s target districts, BALAKA strong collaborative effort by key national, thereby instigating communities to seek SOUTHERN PHALOMBE district and community partners. Following concrete ways to change their sanitation CHIKHWAWA the initial sub-grantees moving ahead and hygiene practices. Zimbabwe with activities supported through the shaded areas are GsF target areas. first tranche of funding after July 2011, “The capacity building phase of Facts the selection of sub-grantees through the programme is critical as the work the second funding round proceeded in undertaken by health workers acts as a total PoPulation (Hdr) December 2011. catalyst for scaling up, and moving from 15.3 million village to village,” said Ulemu Chiluzi, iMProVed sanitation CoVeraGe The GSF’s capacity building activities Programme Manager at Plan Malawi. 4. Countries: working on the ground total: 56%, Urban: 51%, rural: 57% in Malawi are targeted at local government PoPulation WitHout aCCess to saFe officials, community leaders and sanitation (JMP) 5.6 million organizations, and the private sector, which is underpinned by a cascading approach. under 5 MortalitY rate (WHo) 110/1000 Much of the focus thus far has been on % oF under 5 deatHs Caused bY diarrHoea (WHo) district-level training for local government 12% officials and NGOs, with a special focus on GdP Per CaPita excluded and marginalized people. Through $161 per annum
key reSultS intermediate indiCatorS Results to date and 5 year targets Results to date and 5 year targets 1 Feb 2012 5 year targets 1 Feb 2012 5 year targets People with Communities improved 52 000 1 060 000 declared odF 41 3 600 toilets Communities People live in triggered 208 6 000 TOILETSS odF 21 600 1 200 000 People received environments hygiene 109 000 1 765 400 messages People wash Data available their hands at mid-term 756 000 People live in with soap review target areas 790 000 1 765 400
FinanCial PiPeline - 1 Feb 2012 unit CoSt
GsF in-country awards commitments $6 547 100 to sub-grantees $3 500 000
GsF in-country grant $6 disbursements $1 283 042 disbursements $800 000
17 GLOBAL SANITATION FUND 4. Countries: working on the ground
beFore GsF iMPleMentation in nePal, ProsPeCtiVe sub-Grantee rePresentatiVes, loCal GoVernMent oFFiCials and CiVil soCietY rePresentatiVes FroM tHe distriCt WasH Coordination CoMMittee Were Part oF a PlanninG MeetinG on GsF aCtiVities in tHe distriCt oF baJura, in nePal’s Far Western deVeloPMent nePal reGion, noVeMber 2011. PHoto: PaWan JosHi, un-Habitat.
Seven sub-grantees signed and more to go
The GSF programme signed seven and regional local government officials looking forward, the GSF programme sub-grantees in late 2011 to commence through active engagement with the in Nepal, as in other countries, has activities on the ground – helping 1,770 District and Regional WASH Coordinating learning as a key component of its Nepalese to have improved toilets. Committees. This involved a number implementation, and the District WASH More important yet, a strong sense of of capacity development activities on Coordination Committees will play a ownership – a key principle of the GSF total sanitation initiatives, supporting central role in gathering and harnessing work in Nepal – is in place and should the formulation of district strategies lesson learnt from the programme in help in the rapid scaling up of the and action plans on total sanitation, the coming years. The programme national programme. as well as the development of future will also facilitate the learning and strategies for the sanitation programme sharing between WASH Coordination Nepal has a new National Sanitation initiated by the Department of Water Committees in the GSF focus districts. In and Hygiene Master Plan, and another Supply and Sanitation. As a result, addition, collaborative baseline studies recent positive development occurred within GSF working districts the WASH were undertaken in two of the five focus when the newly constituted National Coordination Committees have already districts, and work on gathering data Sanitation and Hygiene Coordination taken up a more active role in facilitating in the other three districts, based on Committee took up functions previously sector actors to target unserved areas. the experience in the other two, will performed by the GSF’s Programme The increased understanding on total commence in early 2012. Also during Coordinating Mechanism. This will enable sanitation approaches, along with the early part of 2012, additional sub- increased opportunity for future learning improved monitoring mechanisms and grantees will be signed as a result of the and sharing with wider sector activities. consistent indicators, has meant that ongoing second funding round, and the In 2011, UN-Habitat, the Executing the local government is now leading GSF implementation in Nepal is expected Agency, moved ahead to develop strong the drive toward open defecation free to accelerate. working relationships with the district communities.
18 PROGRESS REPORT FEbRuaRy 2012
Latest DeveLopments
Tibet To promote and raise awareness A collaboration between the GSF of sanitation and hygiene, numerous programme and UNICEF in Nepal has BAJURA
FAR WEST Information, Education and Communication enabled a joint initiative on sanitation WEST MIDWEST (IEC) materials were developed by the marketing to reach beyond its initial BARDIYA Nepal ARGHAKHANCH SINDHUPALCHOWK GSF programme. Upon implementation, scope. The initiative is building on the CENTRALKATHMANDU additional behavioural change and experience of iDE in Cambodia in the area
EAST SUNSARI communications will also be developed. of sanitation marketing. This will see GSF
India sub-grantees working with iDE to develop The UN-Habitat team members a comprehensive sanitation marketing delegated to GSF programming have been strategy, building on formative research in shaded areas are GsF target areas. actively involved in developing sector this area. The joint implementation will see strategies, capacity development and increase learning from the implementation Facts sector coordination. They helped finalize of this relatively new approach in Nepal. The total PoPulation (Hdr) Nepal’s Sanitation and Hygiene Master Plan lessons learnt from this will feed into the 28 million 2011, as well as prepared and contributed GSF programme’s wider implementation of iMProVed sanitation CoVeraGe to the thematic papers presented at a Joint this approach and also contribute toward 4. Countries: working on the ground total: 31%, Urban: 51%, rural: 27% Sector Review in May 2012. the development of a national strategy and PoPulation WitHout aCCess to saFe approach to sanitation marketing. sanitation (JMP) Eleven grants have been awarded to 20.6 million seven sub-grantees, which are strongly under 5 MortalitY rate (WHo) 48/1000 represented by local NGOs, as well as a % oF under 5 deatHs Caused bY diarrHoea (WHo) local municipality. 17% GdP Per CaPita $465 per annum
key reSultS intermediate indiCatorS Results to date and 5 year targets Results to date and 5 year targets 1 Feb 2012 5 year targets 1 Feb 2012 5 year targets People with Communities improved 1 770 1 250 000 declared odF 1 7000 toilets Communities People live in triggered 3 10 500 TOILETSS odF 760 1 275 200 People received environments hygiene 19 000 1 900 000 messages People wash Data available their hands at mid-term 970 000 People live in with soap review target areas 362 000 1 900 000
FinanCial PiPeline - 1 Feb 2012 unit CoSt
GsF in-country awards commitments $6 068 325 to sub-grantees $627 342
GsF in-country grant $5 disbursements $885 688 disbursements $106 095
19 GLOBAL SANITATION FUND 4. Countries: working on the ground
a sub-Grantee rePresentatiVe talKs to a VillaGer in bandaFassi, seneGal, durinG a CoMMunitY-led total sanitation triGGerinG aCtiVitY in sePteMber 2011. PHoto: MediaCoM. Senegal
Bringing stakeholders to the table
Building on existing hygiene promotion through strengthening the sanitation In its work, GSF resources are being programmes, together with a 75 percent supply chain. channelled towards promoting sanitation focus in rural areas, 2011 saw the GSF and hygiene in four of Senegal’s small bringing key national partners together Through AGETIP, its Executing urban centres, chiefly on demand to design a programme of activities, Agency, the GSF will increase the use creation, education and advocacy many of whom will have a critical role to of participatory techniques such as development, as well as information play in rolling out its programme, and Community-led Total Sanitation (ClTS) to and promotion. In peri-urban areas, awarding US$1,440,000 to a number of end open defecation and create demand private sector involvement is being sub-grantees. With its predominant focus for toilets, and improve sanitation supported to help improve access. on rural areas and a further 25 percent services for communities that have Work is also focusing on strengthening focus on peri-urban areas, the GSF received little or non-existent sanitation. the supply chain of sanitation. Phase continues to steps up its efforts in more The impact of its work is expected to II of programme implementation could than 200 villages to promote sound not only to be felt in terms of improved also see further GSF support towards sanitation and hygiene practice. public health through reduction of improvement of small-scale private diarrhoeal diseases, but also in sector performance. Broadly speaking, the GSF centres education, particularly for girls. upon creating an enabling environment, through partnership-building at the Since its launch, the GSF programme’s local, national and regional levels, not development has involved a number of only to promote sanitation and hygiene national stakeholders, including, PEPAM, practices, through advocacy and UNICEF and WSP, as well as the national awareness building for local government government. leaders as well as communities, but also
20 PROGRESS REPORT FEbRuaRy 2012
Mauritania Latest DeveLopments
ST-LOUIS
LOUGA The Executing Agency AGETIP, together Training in Community-led Total with the sub-grantee consortium, Eau Sanitation for all programme stakeholders THIÈS MATAM DIOURBEL Vive and la lumiere, started sanitation took place from 11 to 24 September in DAKAR Mali Senegal triggering activities in 44 villages in the Kedougou. Some 32 participants took FATICK KAOLACK Kedougou region. were involved, and following the training, TAMBACOUNDA Gambia ten villages were the focus of demand- Five sub-grants have been awarded with creation activities in the rural community of ZIGUINCHOR KOLDA a total of US$1,440,000, amongst local Bandafassi.
Guinea-Bissau NGOs for community-level sanitation and Guinea hygiene promotion, and with a single grant Sub-grantees commenced work in more shaded areas are GsF target areas. for specialist expertise communications for than 200 villages, focusing on sanitation behaviour change. and hygiene promotion, social marketing Facts and communications for behaviour change. total PoPulation (Hdr) Following the completion of a baseline 12.3 million study to inform the planning of programme iMProVed sanitation CoVeraGe activities, particularly a behaviour change 4. Countries: working on the ground total: 51%, Urban: 69%, rural: 38% communications strategy, an Environmental PoPulation WitHout aCCess to saFe Impact Study was undertaken to ensure that sanitation (JMP) 8.9 million the GSF programme complies with national regulation and law. under 5 MortalitY rate (WHo) 93/1000 % oF under 5 deatHs Caused bY diarrHoea (WHo) 14% GdP Per CaPita $1088 per annum
key reSultS intermediate indiCatorS Results to date and 5 year targets Results to date and 5 year targets 1 Feb 2012 5 year targets 1 Feb 2012 5 year targets People with Communities improved 0 300 000 declared odF 0 250 toilets Communities People live in triggered 10 318 TOILETSS odF 0 500 000 People received environments hygiene 2 000 1 000 000 messages People wash Data available their hands at mid-term 101 400 People live in with soap review target areas 10 000 620 000
FinanCial PiPeline - 1 Feb 2012 unit CoSt
GsF in-country awards commitments $6 100 000 to sub-grantees $915 000
GsF in-country grant $20 disbursements $880 000 disbursements $150 000
21 GLOBAL SANITATION FUND 4. Countries: working on the ground
MinistrY oF HealtH assistant CoMMissioner Julian KYoMuHanGi brieFs loCal GoVernMent and nGo staFF in serere distriCt about tHe uGanda sanitation Fund. uganda serere loCal GoVernMent is one oF 16 sub-Grantees. PHoto: WssCC.
GSF implementation underway in 16 districts
In Uganda, the GSF is teaming with the Fund works with the Ministry of Health governments, supported by NGOs active national government to find creative and the Ministry of Finance, Planning and in their respective geographical areas. ways to raise the level of sanitation Economic Development to implement The USF programme area has a total and hygiene in the country. The GSF a programme making maximum use of target population of 3.8 million; the programme in Uganda is referred to existing capacity set up at central and majority of the 6,000 programme area as the Uganda Sanitation Fund (USF). district level. The aim is to create robust villages are currently not declared ODF, Following the August 2011 signing of demand for sanitation to the point that and a total of 200,000 (32 percent) the Grant Support Agreement between people seek out creative ways to install households do not use sanitation the Government of Uganda and UNOPS, toilets in their communities. facilities. the programme has come off to a good start with activities already ongoing in The USF programme is managed The work in these 16 districts will 16 Districts. according to Uganda’s long Term consist of government, NGO and private Institutional Arrangement for the sector actors promoting demand-led After years of working successfully with management of all funds within the approaches (including but not limited the international community to increase Ministry of Health, which is appointed to Community-led Total Sanitation), the availability of clean water in the as Executing Agency. The National carrying out home improvement country, the Government of Uganda Sanitation Working Group (NSWG) campaigns and sanitation marketing. has found the sanitation sector falling appointed a sub-committee specifically The main purpose will be to scale behind. The government has developed responsible for USF to act as the up efforts to generate demand for policies and personnel to address the Programme Coordinating Mechanism improved sanitation and hygiene, and challenge, but money has been lacking (PCM). Deloitte Uganda ltd is the GSF to strengthen the supply chain for for implementation. Country Programme Monitor (CPM). appropriate sanitation products and services to meet this demand while The GSF has now become one part of The sub-grantees in Uganda are creating an enabling environment for a the solution and the Uganda Sanitation composed of 16 district local sustainable change.
22 PROGRESS REPORT FEbRuaRy 2012
Sudan Latest DeveLopments Kenya
Dem. Rep. The programme in Uganda is set for Bushenyi, Sheema and Mbarara districts of the AMURIA DOKOLO KATAKWI an official launch in March 2012 during the in the southwest were selected due to Congo KABERAMAIDO SOROTI AMOLATOR SERERE KUMI Uganda sanitation week. their ongoing ClTS and sanitation marking NGORA BUKEDEA PALLISA Uganda KIBUKU activities and will serve as learning districts. KAMPALA However, the sub-grantees (16 district local governments, supported by local The grants vary in size and are based BUSHENYI SHEEMA MBARARA NGOs) have already been selected and on annual work plan and budgets submitted started preparatory work on the ground at by the district local governments, with NGO the end of 2011. plans and budgets as an integral part. Rwanda Tanzania
Initially, the programme covers the For the first year of USF operations the districts of: Katakwi, Amuria, Kaberamaido, annual grants awarded to sub-grantees Facts Soroti, Serere, Kumi, Ngora, Pallisa, ranged between US$ 19,000 and US$ total PoPulation (Hdr) Butebo, Kibuku, Bukedea, Amolator, Dokolo 43,000. 31.6 million in the east and the northeast, and Bushenyi, iMProVed sanitation CoVeraGe Sheema and Mbarara in the southwestern Sub-grantee activities are evaluated on 4. Countries: working on the ground total: 48%, Urban: 38%, rural: 49% part of the country. an annual basis with annual ceiling amounts PoPulation WitHout aCCess to saFe (annual grants) set and disbursed based on sanitation (JMP) The district selection was based on past performance. 16.6 million an agreed set of criteria including poverty under 5 MortalitY rate (WHo) 128/1000 maps, sanitation coverage and quality of % oF under 5 deatHs Caused bY diarrHoea (WHo) submitted proposals. 18% GdP Per CaPita $1,263 per annum
key reSultS intermediate indiCatorS Results to date and 5 year targets Results to date and 5 year targets 1 Feb 2012 5 year targets 1 Feb 2012 5 year targets People with Communities improved 1 200 1 000 000 declared odF 0 4 000 toilets Communities People live in triggered 80 6 000 TOILETSS odF 0 3 000 000 People received environments hygiene 48 000 3 500 000 messages People wash Data available their hands at mid-term 800 000 People live in with soap review target areas 300 000 3 800 000
FinanCial PiPeline - 1 Feb 2012 unit CoSt
GsF in-country awards commitments $6 017 150 to sub-grantees $556 375
GsF in-country grant $6 disbursements $1 030 663 disbursements $282 500
23 GLOBAL SANITATION FUND
5. Countries: burkina FaSo
S Wheels in motion for July 2012 programme launch tarting ground work in 2012
The GSF programme in Burkina Faso government actors as well as small
seeks to improve sanitation and service providers to improve the Mali hygiene products and services, and range and quality of services offered Niger community based sanitation and hygiene to households. At the national level,
CENTER monitoring systems. Concentrated in activities are intended to support NORTH the Centre Nord and Cascades region government agencies to mobilize Burkina Faso
of the country, the programme will also additional resources for the sector OUAGADOUGOU include behaviour change promotion and implement national sanitation and focusing on key hygiene behaviours. hygiene strategies in areas selected for
The programme launch is planned transformative action. CASCADES Benin for July 2012, and it will feature Togo proven community-led approaches to Identification and dissemination Ghana Cote d´Ivoire stop open defecation. The pace of of effective approaches will be an implementation is expected to pick up important outcome. The programme throughout 2012. will monitor, document and evaluate all supported projects, assess the Programme implementer, the Country Promotion and awareness raising for cost-efficiency of supported projects Programme Monitor, and other key sanitation and hygiene will be done and disseminate the results of all stakeholders, particularly the national through Information, Educational and evaluations. Programme coordinating government, and regular external audits Communications (IEC) at the local, and audits will include coordination and of the programme. national and regional levels. For consultations amongst the National example, manuals and guidelines on methods to improve sanitation and hygiene, targeted at local and national Latest DeveLopments government actors, will be distributed to partners and sector stakeholders at national level meetings and elsewhere. The GSF programme in Burkina rural household and community levels, Faso will be launched in July 2012. The encouraging and supporting access to Capacity development is one of Programme Coordinating Mechanism improved sanitation and hygiene facilities the centre pieces of the GSF’s (PCM) includes national and local in primary schools in the target areas, and activities in Burkina Faso. Through governments, NGOs and private sector inducing hygiene behaviour change among it, the programme will support local partners. rural households and communities.
The programme will promote Approaches employed by the Community-led Total Sanitation programme are intended to increase (ClTS); Information, Education, and sanitation access, particularly among Communication (IEC) product development; poor households and communities in the behaviour change communication; and rural areas. Government, local authorities, sanitation marketing. community leaders, local NGOs, and international NGOs will be implementers of The programme will focus on programme activities. motivating and creating access to basic and improved sanitation facilities at the
24 PROGRESS REPORT FEbRuaRy 2012 ethioPia
Supporting the country’s National Hygiene and Sanitation Strategy
The Global Sanitation Fund programme better networks among health actors; Eritrea in Ethiopia is centred upon supporting and increased sanitation coverage. Yemen Sudan the Government’s National Hygiene TIGRAY and Sanitation Strategy, which seeks Sanitation is gaining more attention ground work in 2012 tarting S “to pave the path for all people to have among decision-makers and good AFAR AMHARA access to basic sanitation and reach practices are being recognized. Open Djibouti BENESHANGUL 100 percent coverage by 2015.” defecation free (ODF) villages are being GUMUZ ADDIS ABABA recognized and rewarded. Community- GAMBELLA Ethiopia The proposed US$ 5 million programme led Total Sanitation (ClTS) is gaining
OROMIYA 5. Countries: will focus its activities across four acceptance among many actors, SNNPR SOMALI regions, namely: Tigray, Amhara, including government. Oromia and SNNPR (Southern Nations, Somalia Nationalities and People’s Region). The The Government of Ethiopia designated Kenya GSF support to the Ethiopia Health the National Hygiene and Sanitation Extension Programme will reach four Task Force to develop the Country million people in total over a three-year Programme Proposal (CPP) and to define at the household level in the programme period. the parameters for the GSF’s work in the Woredas from the present 12 percent country to be commenced in April 2012. to 55 percent, and to increase the The national strategy focuses on three proportion of schools and health posts main areas of hygiene promotion: toilet Some specific programme objectives, with WASH facilities to 50 percent in the use, hand washing and keeping water amongst others, include to increase programme areas. safe. It also stresses a zero-subsidy access to and use of sanitation facilities approach toward household sanitation. In the past few years, advances toward Latest DeveLopments the national sanitation goal have included formulation of the regulation for waste management, collection and disposal A review of the programme and The Global Sanitation Fund programme at the regional level; training and management proposals has been in Ethiopia will focus on five components: deployment of health extension workers; completed in late 2011, and a Country 1) strengthening community sanitation; Programme Monitor (CPM) is under 2) hygiene promotion, institutional contract and plans to carry out the sanitation and hygiene (school and health capacity assessment of the Ministry facility) delivery; 3) strengthening the of Health, as the Executing Agency, in Health Extension Programme system for February 2012. improved technical and delivery capacities; 4) advocacy and information, education, The GSF programme’s proposed communications, and behaviour change Executing Agency is the Ministry of Health, communications on sanitation; and 5) which if approved after the capacity review monitoring and evaluation, including will disburse US$ 5 million over a five-year operational research. period to targeted regions in Ethiopia. The geographic coverage of the The GSF programme will support the programme will include 40 woredas in four Ethiopia Health Extension Programme that bigger regional states out of an existing is expected to reach four million people 837 woredas in the country. over a three-year period.
25 GLOBAL SANITATION FUND
5. Countries: nigeria
S Igniting political will and commitment tarting ground work in 2012
The proposed programme in Nigeria and attain a positive and sustained Chad seeks to ignite the right political will and hygiene behavioural change in six local Niger SOKOTO commitment so that sanitation is taken Government Areas (lGAs), three in each JIGAWA YOBE to scale. It aims to contribute directly of the two participating states, Cross ZAMFARA BORNO KANO towards the possible achievement of the River and Benue. Beneficiaries of the KEBBI KATSINA
Benin Nigeria GOMBE Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) programme include all households in BAUCHI KADUNA NIGER on sanitation in Nigeria, and it also looks the communities in the six target lGAs. ABUJA PLATEAU FEDERAL NASSARAWA KWARA CAPITAL beyond the 2015 targets toward the Special focus is given to reaching the TERRITORY ADAMAWA OYO achievement of sanitation for all people poor and vulnerable populations with EKITI KOGI TARABA OSUN BENUE in the country. One key aspect is to particular attention given to gender OGUN ONDO EDO
disparities in decision-making and access ENUGU focus on scaling up existing successful ABIA
ANAMBRA EBONYI DELTA TMO CROSS Cameroon sanitation approaches to complement to improved sanitation and hygiene RIVER RIVERS AKWA other on-going sanitation and hygiene behaviour change interventions. BAYELSA IBOM programmes. Accordingly, the two objectives of the In 2011, the Programme Coordinating programme are: improve allocation of appropriate Mechanism (PCM) representing the resources for sanitation and hygiene. Federal Government, development Achieve increased improved partners and civil society submitted a sanitation coverage and hygiene In addition, the programme will aim to Country Programme Proposal (CPP) behaviour through a demand- stimulate improved coordination and for funding through the GSF. The led process, empowering local clarification of roles and responsibilities programme to be implemented over communities to improve their of sanitation stakeholders at all levels, a five-year period starting in 2012 sanitation and hygiene practices; and including partners, community structures responds to fundamental challenges in and the three tiers of government: the Nigerian sanitation sector: Strengthen political commitment Federal, state and lGA. at all three tiers of government to “Despite the adoption in 2000 of the Nigerian National Water Supply and Sanitation Policy making accessibility to Latest DeveLopments adequate water and sanitation the right of every Nigerian, water and sanitation have slipped downwards on the A Country Programme Monitor and The programme uses a grant structure Federal government’s ladder of funding an Executing Agency are expected to be based on three complementary action priorities. Progress in the sector is procured and contracted in early 2012. lines: large grants, small grants and constrained by the lack of clarity around directly procured (cross-cutting) activities. roles and responsibilities among multiple The programme targets all communities actors at federal and state levels, in six local Government Areas in Cross Six large grants of approximately US$ which has led to duplication, gaps and River and Benue states, representing 500,000 each are envisaged over the five resultant inefficiencies, even as localised approximately 2.2 million people. years, one for each lGA covering activities programmes that have shown potential related to ClTS, WASH in schools, hygiene for broad impact and efforts to improve These six lGAs will be funded directly awareness and sanitation marketing. coordination are underway.” Extract through the GSF. In addition, the Nigerian from the Nigeria Country Programme Government has committed at the Federal There is a provision for an additional Proposal, submitted by the PCM to the level to match the funds for construction of number of small grants ranging from US$ GSF in November 2011. public and institutional sanitation facilities 20,000 to US$ 125,000 for implementation in the targeted lGAs, and at the state and of support activities accompanying the large The aim of the programme is to lGA level to match the funds to cover an grants. The small grant structure will be significantly increase sanitation coverage additional three lGAs in each state. defined further during programme inception.
26 PROGRESS REPORT FEbRuaRy 2012 tanzania
Stimulating increased sanitation coverage
In 2011, the Government-led Programme through improved capacity and Ugandada Kenya Coordinating Mechanism (PCM) in demonstration effect. Rwanda MARA Tanzania submitted its final Country MWANZA
KAGERA Programme Proposal (CPP) to WSSCC. The GSF in Tanzania will work together Burundi SHINYANGA ARUSHA KILIMANJARO The overall goal of the programme is with and through local governments ground work in 2012 tarting S to see “Communities with increased and civil society partners to promote KIGOMA Tanzania TABORA TANGA access and use of improved sanitation sanitation and hygiene practices. DODOMA SINGIDA DAR ES SALAAM facilities and with changed sanitation and Following the approval for the Country RUKWA hygiene behaviours at scale.” This goal Programme Proposal, the process of IRINGA PWANI it to be realized through interventions identifying and contracting a Country MBEYA MOROGORO 5. Countries: at two levels – i) Strengthening national Programme Monitor and Executing LINDI
Agency should be complete by the Dem. Rep. of the Congo Zambia knowledge, skills and systems to RUVUMA MTWARA support further scale up of sanitation second half of 2012. Malawi and hygiene; and ii) district level implementation at scale. The programme To enable the programme to commence aims to have a significant impact on implementation activities swiftly and assessing knowledge, attitudes and coverage and demonstrate a district- effectively once the Executing Agency is practices towards sanitation and hygiene wide approach, and will also provide signed, a small grant of US$ 200,000 technologies and behaviours in one GSF a ”magnifying glass” for learning on has been provided to implement select focus district; and thirdly; supporting the the process of taking to scale specific elements of the CPP from early 2012. Ministry of Health and Social Welfare to sanitation and hygiene interventions. These elements include, firstly, capacity develop and pilot improved monitoring building of national and local level systems and tools for the sanitation and The GSF, through its partners on the government officials on total sanitation hygiene sector. The small grant will be ground, will focus its programme in approaches and sanitation marketing, managed by UNICEF. three districts in the region of Dodoma in order to train trainers at varying – located in central Tanzania. Dodoma levels; secondly, mapping existing region has been selected because of WASH facilities in schools, as well as its poverty levels (being one of the lowest in the country); low sanitation Latest DeveLopments coverage; high under five mortality rate due to poor sanitation, hygiene and unsafe water supply; and proximity to A GSF grant of US$ 200,000 was and mapping existing WASH facilities in initial trials of the WSP supported TSSM disbursed to commence implementation of schools. programme in two other districts of select UNICEF-managed activities in early the region. Also, its central location in 2012. The GSF’s Programme Coordinating the country is expected to contribute Mechanism, following facilitation by the to scalability, with the three districts The GSF will operate in the region of GSF team, has taken over the role of the becoming centres of learning for Dodoma located in central Tanzania. SHARE Research Group. SHARE research expanding the implementation for on capacity of local government officers in improved sanitation and hygiene at Initial GSF activities in Tanzania will the WASH sector will focus in GSF districts scale across Tanzania. Its ultimate aim include developing the capacity of local and feed into GSF capacity building is to achieve total sanitation coverage. government officials on total sanitation activities. In addition, the programme is designed approaches and sanitation marketing to stimulate an increase in coverage in the remaining districts of Dodoma and neighbouring districts across the Singida, Iringa and Morogoro regions,
27 GLOBAL SANITATION FUND
5. Countries: togo
Programme aims to help 20 percent of Togo’s unserved population
S improve their sanitation situation tarting ground work in 2012
Funding for sanitation activities in Togo Ensure that village populations Niger
currently only meets about 1 percent adopt safe hygiene practices, SAVANES of the need to reach the Millennium especially hand washing, through Development Goal (MDG) sanitation Communications for Behavioural target. The GSF programme was Change activities. KARA Benin recently approved for funding in Togo Togo and will play an important role in raising Enhance the capacity of government CENTRALE
the profile of sanitation and contribute agents, community-based Ghana to the country’s efforts to achieve the organization members and non- MDG sanitation target. The programme governmental organization members, targets three of the most vulnerable and private operators to provide PLATEAUX regions where sanitation coverage is as high quality hygiene and sanitation MARITIME low as 10 percent. services. LOMÉ
Following its selection as a country lobby the government and its eligible for GSF funding, Togo, through partners to allocate 0.5 percent of Disseminate acquired knowledge with its Ministry of Health, quickly set up a GDP to the hygiene and sanitation a view to increasing the efficiency, Programme Coordinating Mechanism sector and advocate for the at all levels, in the management of (PCM) with representatives from civil extension of projects beyond GSF resources targeting sanitation and society, private sector, relevant line supported areas. hygiene activities. ministries and United Nations agencies involved in water, sanitation and hygiene work. Latest DeveLopments
In 2011 the PCM formulated a five-year The programme proposal has a strong cultural and environmental aspects are programme to promote improvements emphasis on the sustainability of all considered. in sanitation and hygiene. The rural activities and achievements envisaged and semi-urban populations of the through GSF implementation. Sustainability Private sector participation for the three targeted regions face a severe will be guaranteed through setting up of production and dissemination of materials shortage of facilities and services. As a an appropriate monitoring and evaluation and equipment for toilet construction will result, extremely low levels of adequate mechanism, linked to existing government enable the GSF programme to continue sanitation and hygiene practices exist. systems, a capacity building strategy beyond the end of planned activities. covering key sector stakeholders and The areas covered by CPP activities through reinforcement of the institutional Sharing lessons learned and good represent an overall population of and partnership framework. In particular: practices for replication by other actors. 1,200,000 – more than 26 percent of the whole rural population and more Building the capacity of stakeholders Involving children throughout the than 16 percent of the entire national in monitoring, evaluation, supervision, implementation process for a knock- population. The overall programme aim governance, advocacy and the demand- on effect in terms of influencing family is to ensure that about 1 million people, creation approach. members. representing more than 20 percent of Togo’s unserved population, improve Advocacy will encourage stakeholders The PCM will contribute to the their sanitation situation. to integrate the ClTS approach in their sustainability of the programme’s work. results through its role as a guarantor of Specific programme objectives are: coherence between the CPP, the Togolese Integrating KAP (Knowledge, Attitude National Policy for Hygiene and Sanitation Scale up ClTS in 2,200 villages and and Practice) study results in programme (PNHAT), the WASH coalition and other ensure that targeted populations use approaches and systems to ensure socio- major actors. the toilets.
28 PROGRESS REPORT FEbRuaRy 2012
Programme Coordinating Mechanism work. The Programme Bangladesh Coordinating Mechanism is composed of mainstream sectors actors who will be supported by a consultant to finalize the The Government of Bangladesh programme proposal by mid-year. GSF-funded work in Mali responded positively to the invitation would likely include use of Community-led Total Sanitation of the Global Sanitation Fund to and social marketing as main approaches. The programme develop a programme of work for will also contain components on integrated advocacy and funding. In doing so they nominated behaviour change communication, sanitation marketing and two high level officials from the capacity development. Ministry of local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives and the Department of Public Health Engineering to lead the GSF’s Programme Coordinating Mechanism (PCM). Following a number of meetings and wider consultations, the Government formally constituted the PCM in October 2011. The Country Programme Proposal (CPP) is currently under review by PaKistan WSSCC. It is expected that the final CPP for Bangladesh will be completed during 2012, and at that time will be put The programme design phase has 6. Countries: next in the queue forward for approval by WSSCC’s Executive Director and been held back by a number of placed for selection in a future funding round of the GSF. changes to the sector landscape in Pakistan. Significantly, the Ministry of Environment, which had responsibility for the sanitation sector, was dissolved in June 2011 by constitutional amendment. This amendment increases the authority of provincial and other Kenya local government structures for sanitation.
In Kenya, programme design is Since this significant change WSSCC has been in dialogue underway and the programme may with the government and other sector actors about the way commence in 2012, pending funding. forward for the GSF in Pakistan. While it is envisaged that the The design has identified Community- GSF will focus on supporting selected local governments at led Total Sanitation and sanitation the provincial level to develop and implement their sanitation marketing as the main approaches strategies in the coming years, these have yet to be selected. of the programme. The goal is that WSSCC remains positive about the potential of a GSF every school and 90 percent of the programme to help the Government reach its sanitation goals. households in targeted areas are using improved sanitation In early 2012, the GSF will identify the focus provinces and and hygiene by 2015. Kenya, which is not on track to meet the provide further support to those provincial governments to Millennium Development Goal target for sanitation, will work move ahead with finalizing the Country Programme Proposal with the GSF in approximately 22 districts in three regions of for funding. the country – Nyanza Province, Coast Province and Rift Valley – where sanitation coverage is far below the national average. The rationale for choosing these areas is to fill gaps where other programmes and organizations have not reached. cOUNTrIeS 17 TO 25: where DO we GO FrOm here?
The GSF is now a reality and can be replicated and rolled out to many countries. WSSCC continues to receive much demand Mali for GSF support in places where the sanitation needs are great. WSSCC’s Medium-Term Strategic Plan (MTSP) 2012-2016 identifies The GSF work is in Mali has resumed 35 priority countries in which the GSF could and should be working, with the preparatory activities needed which contain almost 1.5 billion people without sanitation. The to design a programme of activities. GSF’s ability to meet this demand, and the MTSP target of work The Ministry of Environment and programmes in 25 countries by 2016, is impacted by funding Sanitation through the ”Direction availability, and a major factor influencing that funding is the Nationale de l’Assainissement” is demonstration of cost-effective results at scale. actively leading and engaged on the
29 GLOBAL SANITATION FUND
7. PeoPle’s VoiCes about the gSF
The Global Sanitation Fund “family” is an extensive one. It includes professional staff in Geneva and at the Executing agencies in the implementation countries. In country, it also includes staff at the official Country Programme Monitors, members of the Programme Coordinating Mechanisms, and at the many different sub- grantees. Most importantly, the family includes the people in districts, villages, blocks or communities where the GSF works to help improve the quality of life through improved sanitation and hygiene. This section gives voice to some of those people – the hopes, dreams and aspirations of just a few of the thousands of people impacted positively through GSF work.
Malawi: We are now respected India: students change behaviours by our community! “Because of the work done by GSF, IDF “Before Cicod (GSF and lokhet in our sub-grantee: Centre for community, people Integrated Community now do not defecate in Development) arrived, open and use the toilets I did not realize the constructed at home. importance of using a Students of my school latrine. I am grateful now either defecate in the toilets at their homes or those for the initiative, because using a latrine and regularly in the school. It is only by maintaining personal hygiene practicing good hygiene has not only improved my and safe sanitation practices that we can keep our house, health and that of my children, but also we have a village and surroundings clean. This in turn has a positive more respectable place in the community because impact on the overall health and economic condition of the of this. We no longer have to travel long distances to individuals, family and community.” defecate downstream.” Suman K Gudiya, Head Mistress, Primary School, Ulidih Kefas Chisay, Ntchisi and Balaka region
Malawi: We are now enlightened Madagascar: Sanitation and on good sanitation and hygiene hygiene are a blessing “We built our own user “Having adequate friendly pit latrines sanitation and hygiene after being enlightened is a blessing for me on good sanitation and our community and hygiene practices is very proud of it. by Cicod (GSF sub- Since the various GSF grantee: Centre for sensitization activities, Integrated Community and our cleaning and construction of latrines, we have Development). Despite being of age and struggling to noted fewer cases of diarrhoeal disease, particularly construct a pit latrine with my wife, I am glad I did this with children. I am ready to share our experiences and to because it is convenient and as a result my health and the sensitize other villages on the importance and the benefits health of my family has improved. Because of this project, of sanitation and hygiene.” together with our fellow villagers, we will continue to practice good sanitation and hygiene.” ernestine, health promotion worker in Ambatoharanana village, Fokontany Ankazomiankno, Vavatenina Kyton Khanhaneer, Ntchisi and Balaka region
30 PROGRESS REPORT FEbRuaRy 2012
Madagascar: We are ready sanitation issues, including at the national, district and to share our experience with commune levels, as well as the private sector.” neighbouring villages Supriyanto Supriyanto, Plan International, Cambodia
“In our Fokontany Anivosaha, we have reached our overall Senegal: CLTS is key to behaviour objective. Sanitation and hygiene improvements change have been driven by the community. We have “In rural areas we have tried not to pressure seen perverse effects of people but let them discuss the benefits and convince the subsidy approach in each other. We would like to thank [GSF sub-grantee] the past where latrines Caritas for the collaboration in general and in particular were built but not for sensitizing people to adopt adequate sanitation and used for their intended hygiene practices. Today people are very conscious of purpose. Also, people the benefits. We are ready to share our experience with tend to think that subsidies reach the poorest, which is neighbouring villages because we are very aware that if often not true as it’s often the better connected households the other villages are not clean we will indirectly suffer that benefit from them in the first place. Our vision today is from their environment.” that the GSF-funded ClTS activities will allow poor people to adopt the necessary changes in behaviour to build basic Chief anivosaha Fokontany, Mangarano, Antsirabe II latrines with locally available materials.” District, Vakinakaratra Region diaryatou Sow, communications expert with the GSF programme in Senegal
India: Now we have constructed and use toilets at home Donor: “high level of
“IDF (GSF sub-grantee) professionalism” in GSF work came to our village to tell us about “As a donor the importance of representative it is maintaining hygiene important to link the and safe sanitation regular reporting practices. Earlier documents to the acting we used to go for open defecation but now we have and performance of the constructed and use toilets at home.” GSF in the field. I was impressed [during an October 2011 visit to Jharkhand, Sefali Mahto, Community Member, Ulidih India], with what I saw from triggering at the village level to seeing how the GSF works and what can be achieved in the programme. I observed a very high level of professionalism of the Executing Agency and sub-grantees. This may be Cambodia: GSF programme particular to India, but it confirmed that the tender and selecting process the GSF has set up are well done, draws together stakeholders accurate and bringing us in contact with those we should be working with. It was great to feel what working at scale “The GSF’s multi- means. It also gave me strong confirmation that WSSCC stakeholder and mechanisms are cost-effective and I therefore consider consultative approach SDC’s contribution a worthwhile investment.” has drawn in a number Manuel thurnhofer, Swiss Agency for Development of different actors and and Cooperation (SDC) [Photo above: Manuel Thurnhofer, Swiss players which have Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) left, pictured with Johan a strong interest in Sundberg, Sida, Sweden, and Jon lane, Executive Director, WSSCC]
31 GLOBAL SANITATION FUND
8. GsF sub-Grantees From a to z
By 1 February 2012, GSF Executing Agencies signed contracts with sub-grantees in seven countries. The sub-grantees include NGOs (local, consortiums, or national affiliates of international NGOs), government entities, associations, and companies. The sub-grantees are carrying out a portfolio of activities that can include Community-led Total Sanitation or other sanitation demand creation approaches, sanitation marketing and promotion, training, hygiene education and awareness, and Information, Education and Communication (IEC) materials development. This list reflects all sub-grants awarded by EAs to implementing organizations classified as sub-grantees, through the “sub-grants” component of the GSF programmes. It does not include contracts with other types of service providers and contractors, hired through the “direct procurement” component of the GSF programmes.
No. NaMe oF tyPe oF date dUratIoN GraNt LoCatIoN SUb-GraNtee SUb-GraNtee SIGNed [MoNthS] aMoUNt [US$] MadaGaSCar
1 ASOS local NGO 18-Mar-11 48 399,679 Région Analanjirofo Ny Tanintsika, IP, Consortium of 2 18-Mar-11 48 395,269 Région Amoron'i Mania SAF/FJKM local NGOs 3 Red Cross Association 18-Mar-11 48 371,348 Région Menabe
Consortium GREEN, Consortium of 4 26-Oct-11 48 391,364 Région BOENy FAMONJENA local NGOs
5 MSIS local NGO 26-Oct-11 48 406,406 Région Atsimo Andrefana Soamaneva, Grain, Consortium of 6 26-Oct-11 48 399,737 Région DIANA Voaakaly local NGOs 7 CARITAS Association 18-Mar-11 24 23,850 Région Vakinankaratra
8 MIARINTSOA local NGO 18-Mar-11 12 20,960 Région Vakinankaratra
Région Haute Matsiatra 9 SAlFA local NGO 18-Mar-11 12 21,071 (Commune Mahatsinjony et Ambalakely) Région Haute Matsiatra 10 SAlFA local NGO 18-Mar-11 12 21,303 (Commune Ivoamba et Ambalamahasoa)
11 Groupement AINGA Association 18-Mar-11 12 20,958 Région Alaotra Mangoro
Fandrosoana, Consortium of 12 18-Mar-11 12 20,906 Région Alaotra Mangoro Tolotanana, SAF FJKM local NGOs
Région Atsinanana, District 13 MAMIZO local NGO 26-Oct-11 12 20,930 Mahanoro Région Atsinanana, District 14 MAMIZO local NGO 26-Oct-11 12 20,930 Vatomandry 15 FAMONJENA Association 26-Oct-11 24 21,195 Région Itasy 16 ADEMA Association 26-Oct-11 12 21,523 Région Itasy
17 FIFAHO Association 26-Oct-11 12 19,954 Région Ihorombe
32 PROGRESS REPORT FEbRuaRy 2012
No. NaMe oF tyPe oF date dUratIoN GraNt LoCatIoN SUb-GraNtee SUb-GraNtee SIGNed [MoNthS] aMoUNt [US$] MaLaWI
Balaka and Phalombe 1 Concern Universal International NGO 11-Jul-11 48 627,022 (Southern Region)
Centre for Integrated 2 Community International NGO 8-Jul-11 48 90,850 Ntchisi (Central Region) Development
Canadian Physicians 3 International NGO 11-Jul-11 48 313,636 Nkhotakota (Central Region) for Aid and Relief
InterAide & Engineers 4 International NGO 29-Sep-11 12 77,852 Phalombe (Southern Region) Without Borders
Phalombe (Southern Region); 5 TM Associates Company 24-Sep-11 48 626,000 Ntchisi (Central Region) Training Support for 6 local NGO 11-Jul-11 48 313,140 Balaka (Southern Region) Partners
Chikhwawa (Southern Region); 7 Water for People International NGO 1-Jul-11 48 625,963 Rumphi (Northern Region)
INdIa
1 NIDAN local NGO 01-Dec-11 12 272,874 Dhanbad Integrated 2 Development local NGO 01-Dec-11 12 306,066 Saraikela Foundation
AIDENT Social Welfare 3 local NGO 01-Dec-11 12 262,945 Dumka Organization
4 Jan Sewa Parishad local NGO 01-Dec-11 12 71,667 Koderma
5 lok Jagriti Kendra local NGO 01-Dec-11 12 246,793 Deoghar
NePaL
Environment, Culture, Agriculture, Research 1 and Development local NGO 7-Dec-11 8 14,992 Sub-national in Bajura District Society, Nepal (ECARDS-Nepal)
2 Samjauta Nepal local NGO 7-Dec-11 8 15,000 Sub-national in Bardiya District Social Empowerment and Building 3 local NGO 7-Dec-11 15 130,000 Sub-national in Bajura District Accessibility Center Nepal (SEBAC-Nepal) Integrated 4 Development Society 7-Dec-11 15 130,000 Sub-national in Bardiya District (IDS-Nepal) Sub-national Gulariya 5 Gulariya Municipality local Government 19-Dec-11 12 30,000 Municipality Processing Integrated for Sub-national in Tikapur 6 Development Society local NGO 12 30,000 Cooperation Municipality (IDS-Nepal) Agreement Nepal Red Cross 7 local NGO 8-Dec-11 15 67,000 Sub-national in Bajura District Society (NRCS)-HQ
33 GLOBAL SANITATION FUND
No. NaMe oF tyPe oF date dUratIoN GraNt LoCatIoN SUb-GraNtee SUb-GraNtee SIGNed [MoNthS] aMoUNt [US$] Processing Renaissance Society for 8 local NGO 15 66,972 Sub-national in Bardiya District Nepal (RSN) Cooperation Agreement Processing for Sub-national in Gulariya and 9 Samjauta Nepal local NGO 12 9,000 Cooperation Tikapur Municipalities Agreement Social Empowerment and Building 10 local NGO 7-Dec-11 14 16,000 Sub-national in Bajura District Accessibility Center Nepal (SEBAC-Nepal) Environment, Culture, Agriculture, Research 11 and Development local NGO 7-Dec-11 14 15,990 Sub-national in Bardiya District Society, Nepal (ECARDS-Nepal)
UGaNda
District local 1 Butebo 18-Aug-11 12 19,231 Butebo District Government District local 2 Amolatar 18-Aug-11 12 19,231 Amolatar District Government District local 3 Serere 18-Aug-11 12 39,145 Serere District Government Ngora in collaboration District local with Faith Action Government in 4 18-Aug-11 12 40,090 Ngora District Development collaboration with Organization (FADO) a local NGO Katakwi in District local collaboration with Government in 5 18-Aug-11 12 39,145 Katakwi District lutheran World collaboration with Federation a local NGO District local 6 Kibuku 18-Aug-11 12 32,529 Kibuku District Government District local 7 Dokolo 18-Aug-11 12 38,200 Dokolo District Government District local 8 Bukedea 18-Aug-11 12 19,231 Bukedea District Government District local 9 Kaberamaido 18-Aug-11 12 41,980 Kaberamaido District Government District local 10 Sheema 18-Aug-11 12 26,858 Sheema District Government
Kumi in collaboration District local with Pentecostal Government in 11 18-Aug-11 12 42,926 Kumi District Assemblies of God collaboration with (PAG) a local NGO
District local 12 Bushenyi 18-Aug-11 12 28,748 Bushenyi District Government District local 13 Pallisa 18-Aug-11 12 37,255 Pallisa District Government Amuria in collaboration with District local Wera Development Government in 14 18-Aug-11 12 19,231 Amuria District Association (WEDA) collaboration with and Development a local NGO Initiative (CIDI)
34 PROGRESS REPORT FEbRuaRy 2012
No. NaMe oF tyPe oF date dUratIoN GraNt LoCatIoN SUb-GraNtee SUb-GraNtee SIGNed [MoNthS] aMoUNt [US$] District local 15 Mbarara 18-Aug-11 12 27,803 Mbarara District Government
District local Soroti in collaboration Government in 16 with Arbeiter 18-Aug-11 12 41,980 Soroti District collaboration with Samariter Bund (ASB) a local NGO
CaMbodIa
Kampong Cham, Takeo and 1 SNV International NGO 01-Jan-12 36 600,000 Svay Rieng Provinces
2 CESVI International NGO 01-Jan-12 24 99,998 Kampong Cham province
Cambodia 3 Health Education local NGO 01-Jan-12 24 99,988 Kampong Cham province Development (CHED) Rain Water Cambodia 4 local NGO 01-Jan-12 24 99,929 Kampong Cham province (RWC) NAK AKPHIVATH 5 local NGO 01-Jan-12 24 100,000 Kampong Cham province SAHAKUM (NAS) Cambodian 6 Farm Economic local NGO 01-Jan-12 24 99,991 Svay Rieng Province Development (CFED)
7 Santi Sena local NGO 01-Jan-12 24 99,741 Svay Rieng Province
SeNeGaL
1 EVE/lA lUMIERE local NGO 06-Sep-11 48 320,000 Kedougou
2 EVE/WIllAyA local NGO 06-Sep-11 48 320,000 Diourbel 3 MSA Company 12-Sep-11 48 320,000 Tambacounda 4 WHEPSA local NGO 06-Sep-11 48 320,000 Matam 5 PRIME MEDIACOM Company 05-Sep-11 20 161,000 National
35 GLOBAL SANITATION FUND
9. HoW it WorKs: the global Sanitation Fund
THE GlOBAl SANITATION FUND HAS A ROBUST PROCESS FOR OPERATING AND DISBURSING FUNDS. THIS INVOlVES GOVERNANCE, MANAGEMENT, ADVICE, ExECUTION AND RIGOROUS EVAlUATION MANAGED By THE WSSCC SECRETARIAT IN GENEVA.
The Global Sanitation Fund (GSF) is a pooled global In many developing countries national sanitation policies fund established to gather and direct finance to help large exist but the funding to implement them does not. The numbers of poor people to attain safe sanitation services Global Sanitation Fund works with national governments and adopt good hygiene practices. There are 2.6 billion to accelerate implementation of these policies. It is the people, close to 40 percent of the world’s population, who national governments that provide the leadership and do not have access to basic sanitation. The GSF is an legitimacy to any work supported by the GSF. efficient and cost-effective opportunity for contributors to help the world’s poorest people address this most basic It is typically the existing WSSCC National WASH Coalition everyday need. or other WSSCC partners that request for the country to be considered for funding from the GSF. At this point At the global level, WSSCC’s Secretariat gathers funds the support of the national government is sought and and donations, selects the eligible countries for funding, must be agreed. These parties engage with the National and manages the disbursement of funds. WSSCC is Government to select sector stakeholders to form the administratively and legally hosted by UNoPS. WSSCC, basis of a Programme Coordinating Mechanism and therefore the purpose, principles and scope of the (PCM). The PCM makes certain that the work supported Global Sanitation Fund, are governed by its member by the Global Sanitation Fund is consistent with national elected Steering Committee. policies and the activities of the National WASH Coalitions that undertake professional networking, knowledge The WSSCC Steering Committee approves the management, advocacy and communications work. They operating procedures, decides all working criteria, provide strategic oversight to the programmes. approves the selection of countries and allocation of funds, and reviews the overall progress and performance Once countries and the sanitation and/or hygiene of the Global Sanitation Fund. programme have been selected for funding, the Global Sanitation Fund appoints an executing agency to The Global Sanitation Fund has an independent advisory receive the grant and manage the funded programme. The Committee which gives advice on the Global Sanitation Executing Agency selects, supervises, and support Sub- Fund’s operations and ensures the quality of the Grantees who directly implement these programmes. programmes and work it supports. The Global Sanitation Country Programme Monitors, independently Fund is committed to good practice and supporting appointed by the Global Sanitation Fund verify and report programmes as efficiently and cost-effectively as possible. on the work of Executing Agencies to WSSCC.
36 GLOBAL SANITATION FUND PROGRESS REPORT FEbRuaRy 2012
© 2012, Water Supply & Sanitation Collaborative Council, Geneva, Switzerland
GRAPHIC DESIGN AND TyPESETTING: MH Design / Maro Haas
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37 Global sanitation Fund ProGress rePort February 2012
the global sanitation Fund is a pooled global fund established by wssCC and funded by its donors to gather and direct finance to help large numbers of poor people to attain safe sanitation services and adopt good hygiene practices. as of February 2012, the global sanitation Fund is being implemented actively in Cambodia, india, Madagascar, Malawi, nepal, senegal and uganda. in those countries, 68 sub-grantees have deployed a range of sanitation and hygiene awareness-raising and promotion activities nationally and in a number of regions. Because of their work, some 102,970 people have access to and are using improved toilets, among other leading indicators of progress.
this bi-annual progress report presents the ongoing results of gsF programme implementation.
MaMa Manana, a GRandMOThER OF 12, dIGS hER Own TOIlET PIT In ThE vIllaGE OF ankIlInjaMOSy, MadaGaSCaR, In nOvEMbER 2011. aS a “naTuRal lEadER” In a GSF IMPlEMEnTaTIOn aREa, ShE IS InSPIRInG OThERS In hER COMMunITy TO buIld ThEIR Own TOIlETS. PhOTO: MS. annICk RanIRISOa, ClTS COORdInaTOR Ea (MCdI) MadaGaSCaR.
Water Supply & Sanitation Collaborative CounCil
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telephone: +41 22 560 8181 Fax: +41 22 560 8184 www.wsscc.org [email protected]