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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Irrigated Agriculture Improvement Project (KPIAIP)

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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Irrigated Agriculture Improvement Project (KPIAIP) Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Irrigated Agriculture Improvement Project (KPIAIP) Public Disclosure Authorized INTEGRATED PESTMANAGEMENTFRAMEWORK March 2019 Public Disclosure Authorized Directorate of On-Farm Water Management Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Agriculture play key role in the livelihood of the people in rural area especially in the remote and underdeveloped areas as majority of the population in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa depends on agriculture directly or indirectly for their living. Among the different limiting factors in the successful agriculture production, pests play a vital role while pesticide contaminants play key role in decreasing quality of the products and posing threat to the public health and environment. The current assignment is aimed to develop an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Plan for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. IPM Plan is part of the Component –C of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Irrigated Agriculture Input Project (KPIAIP). The IPM plan will help to mitigate the use of pesticides in the agriculture system in the Province. It will lead to minimize the potential adverse impacts of pesticides on human health and on environment. IPM packages for crops and pests will be developed to improve the livelihood of the farming communities as well as that of the indigenous people in the target areas. This assignment will be based on Education, Research, Outreach and policies for IPM for Agriculture sector of the Province, however initially intervention will be focused on areas / Districts with great potentials and later it will be extended to the rest of the districts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa where project activities shall be executed. Farmers have been using Agro-chemicals for the crop production as well as for crop Protection since long. The history of the agro chemical in the country dates back to late 50s when pesticides were introduced for the control of Desert locust and later for Public Health. Since then, Pesticides have been a tool of choice among the farmers against the pests. It has been used so regularly and so indiscriminately that now the production system is in jeopardy and going towards crisis phase. Frequent use of pesticides, use of higher doses and now mixture of two or three pesticides is in practice but the pests are showing no sign of defeat. In the process we have polluted our food, feed, soil, water, air and the whole environment. There is a need to fix it before it is too late. Worldwide, the farmers are moving away from pesticides to Integrated Pest management and even to Organic Production. Keeping the current scenario in mind, an IPM framework is proposed for the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in order to mitigate the unnecessary use of pesticides. In this regard detailed studies were carried out of the existing literatures, laws, rules and regulation pertaining to the agriculture, pests and pesticides. Moreover field trips were made to Chitral, Swat, Haripur and D.I.Khan for consultative meetings with the farmers, Extensions workers and pesticides dealers to get firsthand information on the prevailing situation of Crop production and crop protection. Integrated Pest Management Framework I | P a g e Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Irrigated Agriculture Improvement Project (KPIAIP) After detail discussions with growers in the target areas, a list of major Insects pests of Crops, Fruits, and Vegetables along with the most commonly used pesticides were documented. This list is self- explanatory, as there is only one solution for pest control and that is Pesticides. After detail study, a comprehensive list of key crops, Insect pests, major diseases and Weeds along with management approaches was developed and could be consulted during the execution of IPM framework. Though this list is not the ultimate one and further addition could be made but it would serve as a quick reference for the concerned peoples. Each intervention has its own impact. What is the Impact of IPM in comparison with use of Pesticides? A detail report on potential Environmental, Health and Socio-economic impact of the IPM is documented. Various components of the IPM including Biological control, Mechanical, Manual Methods and use of quarantine approaches along with Chemical Control methods are presented having their possible impact on the environment, health and economics. Pesticides cannot be eliminated from the system with one stroke rather it has to be phase out gradually. Till such time, farmers have to be educated about the safe use of the pesticides. Safe transportation, storage and proper waste disposal are equally important. Personal hygiene of the pesticides workers, protective gears, safety measures, first aid and treatment in case of any type of poisoning is of great importance. Comprehensive manuals are available on the subjects though but brief description on mitigation measures against the adverse impact of pesticides is documented. Before going in to the real business, critical issues, gaps and bottlenecks regarding implementation of the IPM plan were reviewed. Proposals are made for designing of the IPM framework ; setting up an IPM framework, identification of problems for the subprojects, sampling for damage assessment, determination of Economic Threshold Level, selection of alternate management strategies and monitoring and evaluation of the IPM plan is documented. For Implementation of the IPM Plan, Implementation team, monitoring and evaluation mechanism and institutional structure is proposed. Farmers Field School is the life line for the implementation of IPM programs around the world. For short term measures, the FFS approaches shall be adopted and the existing “Farm Services Centers” shall be strengthening before talking in the loop. For medium term approaches, the existing IPM labs, if any shall be strengthen and needed new facilities shall be established. If there is no such labs, new labs has to be established in the targets areas. Biological control lab/ facilities are the integral part of IPM. For long term solution, such labs have to be established throughout the project target areas. Similarly the pesticide Residue Analysis lab at ARI Tarnab, Peshawar shall be renovated, upgraded and provided with II | P a g e Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Irrigated Agriculture Improvement Project (KPIAIP) the needed technical staff, equipment and chemicals. Similar labs shall be established at Swat, Abbottabad, D.i.Khan and elsewhere, where needed. No program could be executed successfully without capacity building of the stakeholders. Existing institutional capacity and Technical Capacity enhancement is proposed for Officers of the OFWM, Extension workers, Farmers, Pesticide value chain & actors, Provincial and authorities. For the IPM Framework, about 5.34 million US dollar budget is proposed for the five year life cycle of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Irrigated Agriculture Improvement project (KPIAIP). The main components of the budget are; 1)Capacitybuilding which includes IPM orientation, TOT, Farmer Groupstraining, Pesticide Dealers / value Chain Actors Trainings, Database for Pests, Human Health and Pesticide Contamination, Workshops / Seminars, Trainings for Lab Technicians., 2) R&D includes Biological Control Labs/ facilities, Pesticides Toxicology Labs/ Pesticide Residue Analysis Lab & Facilities, IPM labs Facilities/Renovations, and Lab Equipment and supplies, 3).Advisoryservices which includes Field guides/ IPM materials, Publicawareness, National IPM Coordinator M&E and Coordination., 4). Travelling cost is needed for the travelling of various individuals across the province for the activities mandated for the IPM Plan., 6). Reports writing/ Meetings, and 7). Unforeseen. Budget allocation is also made for Field days to observe field activities and share ideas and progress in the subject projects. In short, the major agriculture products of each district will be targeted in this sub-component of the project to minimize the pesticides use, contaminations and control the pests effectively in these products. For this purpose different government and non-government institutes, laboratories and other available facilities in the area will be utilized and new facilities may be provided. Technical specialists/ experts with experience in IPM will carry out activities of the project in their specified areas. The project will be concluded by providing a sustainable and effective pest management system for major agriculture products in the province. III | P a g e Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Irrigated Agriculture Improvement Project (KPIAIP) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IN URDU خﻻصہ زراعت دیہی عﻻقوں بالخصوص دور افتادہ اور کم ترقی یافتہ عﻻقوں کے لوگوں کے روزگار میں اہم کردار ادا کرتی ہے جیسا کہ خیبر پختونخوا میں آبادی کی کثیر تعداد کا گزر بسر کا انحصار بالواسطہ یا بﻻواسطہ زراعت پر ہے۔کامیاب زرعی پیداوار میں مختلف محدود عوامل میں کیڑے مکوڑے اہم کردار ادا کرتے ہیں جبکہ مضر صحت کیڑ ے مار ادویات نہ صرف پیداوار کے معیار کو کم کرنے میں کردار ادا کرتی ہیں بلکہ عوام کی صحت اور ماحول کے لئے خطرے کا باعث ہوتی ہیں۔ موجود ہ اسائنمنٹ کا ہدف خیبر پختونخوا کے لئے کیڑوں کے مربوط انتظام (آئی پی ایم) کا منصوبہ تیار کرنا ہے۔آئی پی ایم منصوبہ خیبر پختونخوا کے زرعی آبپاشی کے منصوبے )KPIAIP( کے جزو ۔سی کا حصہ ہے۔آئی پی ایم منصوبہ صوبے میں زرعی نظام میں کیڑے مار ادویات کے استعمال کو کم کرنے میں مدد کرے گا۔یہ انسانی صحت اور ماحول پر کیڑے مار ادویات کے ممکنہ برے اثرات کو کم سے کم کرنے کی جانب لے جائے گا۔فصلوں اور کیڑوں کے لئے آئی پی ایم پیکجز تیار کئے جائیں گے تاکہ زراعت سے منسلک اور مطلوبہ عﻻقوں میں جلد متاثر ہونے والے لوگوں کے
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