DOCSLIB.ORG

Occurrence of Fulgoraecia (= Epiricania) Melanoleuca

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Occurrence of Fulgoraecia (= Epiricania) Melanoleuca PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles OPEN ACCESS online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Short Communication Occurrence of Fulgoraecia (= Epiricania) melanoleuca (Lepidoptera: Epipyropidae) as a parasitoid of sugarcane lophopid planthopper Pyrilla perpusilla in Tamil Nadu (India) with brief notes on its life stages H. Sankararaman, G. Naveenadevi & S. Manickavasagam 26 May 2020 | Vol. 12 | No. 8 | Pages: 15927–15931 DOI: 10.11609/jot.5033.12.8.15927-15931 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies, and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher, the host, and the part- Publisher & Host ners are not responsible for the accuracy of the politcal boundaries shown in the maps by the authors. Member Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 May 2020 | 12(8): 15927–15931 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) PLATINUM OPEN ACCESS DOI: htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.5033.12.8.15927-15931 #5033 | Received 27 April 2019 | Final received 14 February 2020 | Finally accepted 04 May 2020 S h o Occurrence of Fulgoraecia (= Epiricania) melanoleuca r t (Lepidoptera: Epipyropidae) as a parasitoid of sugarcane lophopid C o planthopper Pyrilla perpusilla in Tamil Nadu (India) m m with brief notes on its life stages u n H. Sankararaman 1 , G. Naveenadevi 2 & S. Manickavasagam 3 i c a 1,2,3 Parasitoid Taxonomy and Biocontrol laboratory, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, t Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu 608002, India. i 1 2 3 o [email protected] (corresponding author), [email protected], [email protected] n Abstract: Seasonal incidence of sugarcane planthopper Pyrilla & Wraten 1996). It has played a major role in the perpusilla Walker (Hemiptera: Lophopidae) and its natural enemies management of the sugarcane Pyrilla epidemics was investgated at Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu during 2018. In this study, Fulgoraecia melanoleuca, a parasitoid of sugarcane planthopper (Gangwar et al. 2008). Although it has been recorded Pyrilla perpusilla was observed in large numbers in the feld. Brief in India in 1939 (Fletcher 1939), its biocontrol potental notes on its biology, life stages, and extent of parasitsm on the host were studied. Per cent parasitzaton in nymph and adult was 47.54 was recognized only during the Pyrilla epidemics in Utar and 45.09, respectvely, during the month of August. High resoluton Pradesh and Bihar (Banerjee 1973). In India, incidence images of all life stages are provided to help in identfcaton. of Fulgoraecia has been recorded in Maharashtra Keywords: Biology, Fulgoraecia melanoleuca, life stages, natural (Gholap & Chandele 1985), Gujarat (Pawar et al. 1988), occurrence, Pyrilla perpusilla. Rajasthan (Joshi & Sharma 1989), Odisha (Patnaik et al. 1990), Haryana (Chhillar & Madan 1992; Ahlawat & Kumar 2015), Utar Pradesh (Tripathi & Katyar 1998), Epipyropidae is a small family of ectoparasitc insects Punjab (Sanehdeep et al. 2003), Utarakhand (Kumar et belonging to the order Lepidoptera. Their larvae are al. 2008) and Chhatsgarh (Patre 2016). In the southern parasitc on Auchenorrhyncha, especially Fulgoridae states, Fulgoraecia was recorded in Karnataka (Ansari et and Membracidae (Pierce 1995). The family comprises al. 1989; Hugar et al. 2002) and Andhra Pradesh (Rajak 40 species worldwide (Heppner 2008), among which & Varma 2001). It has been considered as a potental Fulgoraecia (= Epiricania) melanoleuca (Fletcher, 1939) biocontrol agent against Pyrilla (Chhillar & Madan 1992; is economically very important as an ectoparasitoid of Pawar et al. 2002) and extensively used in management sugarcane lophopid planthopper Pyrilla perpusilla. of Pyrilla (Pawar et al. 2002; Seneviratne & Kumarasinghe Fulgoraecia melanoleuca has been reported from 2002; Rajak 2007; Pandey et al. 2008). Fulgoraecia India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Bangladesh (Kumarasinghe melanoleuca has proved its merit in in situ parasitzaton Editor: George Mathew, (Ex) Head, Forest Health Division, Kerala Forest Research Insttute, Peechi, India. Date of publicaton: 26 May 2020 (online & print) Citaton: Sankararaman, H., G. Naveenadevi & S. Manickavasagam (2020). Occurrence of Fulgoraecia (= Epiricania) melanoleuca (Lepidoptera: Epipyropidae) as a parasitoid of sugarcane lophopid planthopper Pyrilla perpusilla in Tamil Nadu (India) with brief notes on its life stages. Journal of Threatened Taxa 12(8): 15927–15931. htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.5033.12.8.15927-15931 Copyright: © Sankararaman et al. 2020. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Funding: DST PURSE II, Annamalai University. Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. Acknowledgements: The authors are thankful to Dr. M. Ayyamperumal, Central Integrated Pest Management Centre, Trichy and PG students 2018-19 for the help rendered in collecton. The partal fnancial aid of Government of India, DST PURSE PHASE II (2018-2019) through Annamalai University is gratefully acknowledged. 15927 J TT Plant hopper parasitoid moth Fulgoraecia melanoleuca Sankararaman et al. due to high multplicaton rate, comparatvely shorter life were kept separately in polythene bags, with the leaves cycle, survival under varied agro-climatc conditons, and changed as and when necessary and observatons made good searching ability of its host by larvae (Rajak 2006, on parasitoid emergence. 2007). In this paper, we report the natural occurrence From the egg masses collected, parasitzed and of this parasitoid from Cuddalore District of Tamil Nadu, unparasitzed eggs were segregated by their colour India. (unparasitzed eggs being creamy white and parasitzed ones dark brown to black) and per cent parasitsm was Materials and Methods worked out by using the following formula as described During our regular feld surveys for collecton by Mishkat & Khalid (2007). Similarly, per cent parasitsm of parasitc insects from diferent ecosystems, F. of nymphs and adults was worked out. Parasitzed nymph melanoleuca was collected from sugarcane Saccharum (Image 1B) and adults (Image 1C) were diferentated ofcinarum at Andipalayam Village of Anna Gramam by presence of white cotony cushion on the back and block (11.77N & 79.55E) of Cuddalore District, Tamil pleural abdominal region of the host, respectvely. Nadu during July and August 2018. The number of egg masses, nymphs and adults of P. perpusilla was recorded and these life stages were collected every week and they A B C D Image 1 A–D. Life stages of Fulgoraecia melanoleuca: A—Eggs on the leaves of sugarcane | B—larva developing on Pyrilla perpusilla nymph | C—larva developing on adult Pyrilla perpusilla | D—Prolegs showing crochets. © H. Sankararaman. 15928 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 May 2020 | 12(8): 15927–15931 J TT Plant hopper parasitoid moth Fulgoraecia melanoleuca Sankararaman et al. brown. Male pupa, short with genital scar in ninth No. of parasitzed eggs/nymphs/adults Per cent egg/nymph/ abdominal segment. Female pupa larger (compared to adult parasitsm = –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– x 100 male) with eighth and ninth abdominal segments fused Total no. of eggs/nymphs/adults and genital pore is present on the fused segment (Kumar et al. 2015). Anus in tenth abdominal segment of pupa The various life stages of F. melanoleuca (Images 1 & in both the sexes. 2) were also observed. Adults (Images 2C, 2D, 2E): Exhibit sexual dimorphism, diferences in antennae, hindwing Results and Discussion coloraton and genitalia. Mouthparts reduced in both In our observatons during July and August, all the the sexes, haustellum absent. three stages of Pyrilla recorded higher parasitzaton Male: antennae bipectnate, 13-segmented, having during August (34.40%, 47.54%, & 45.09%, respectvely, long ciliated branches in each segment (Image 2E). Table 1) compared to July. As per earlier reports by Head with grey and thorax with black scales. Fore-wings Kumar et al. (2008), the acceleratng phase of the Pyrilla generally with grey scales entrely, but few specimens starts from early July and the populaton contnued with white scales up to discal cell, rest with grey scales. to increase at a faster rate from the second fortnight Hind-wings mainly with whitsh scales except costal onwards. Accordingly, parasitzaton also started from
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biosecurity Plan for the Vegetable Industry
    Biosecurity Plan for the Vegetable Industry A shared responsibility between government and industry Version 3.0 May 2018 Plant Health AUSTRALIA Location: Level 1 1 Phipps Close DEAKIN ACT 2600 Phone: +61 2 6215 7700 Fax: +61 2 6260 4321 E-mail: [email protected] Visit our web site: www.planthealthaustralia.com.au An electronic copy of this plan is available through the email address listed above. © Plant Health Australia Limited 2018 Copyright in this publication is owned by Plant Health Australia Limited, except when content has been provided by other contributors, in which case copyright may be owned by another person. With the exception of any material protected by a trade mark, this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivs 3.0 Australia licence. Any use of this publication, other than as authorised under this licence or copyright law, is prohibited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/ - This details the relevant licence conditions, including the full legal code. This licence allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to Plant Health Australia (as below). In referencing this document, the preferred citation is: Plant Health Australia Ltd (2018) Biosecurity Plan for the Vegetable Industry (Version 3.0 – 2018) Plant Health Australia, Canberra, ACT. This project has been funded by Hort Innovation, using the vegetable research and development levy and contributions from the Australian Government. Hort Innovation is the grower-owned, not for profit research and development corporation for Australian horticulture Disclaimer: The material contained in this publication is produced for general information only.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects & Spiders of Kanha Tiger Reserve
    Some Insects & Spiders of Kanha Tiger Reserve Some by Aniruddha Dhamorikar Insects & Spiders of Kanha Tiger Reserve Aniruddha Dhamorikar 1 2 Study of some Insect orders (Insecta) and Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Kanha Tiger Reserve by The Corbett Foundation Project investigator Aniruddha Dhamorikar Expert advisors Kedar Gore Dr Amol Patwardhan Dr Ashish Tiple Declaration This report is submitted in the fulfillment of the project initiated by The Corbett Foundation under the permission received from the PCCF (Wildlife), Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, communication code क्रम 車क/ तकनीकी-I / 386 dated January 20, 2014. Kanha Office Admin office Village Baherakhar, P.O. Nikkum 81-88, Atlanta, 8th Floor, 209, Dist Balaghat, Nariman Point, Mumbai, Madhya Pradesh 481116 Maharashtra 400021 Tel.: +91 7636290300 Tel.: +91 22 614666400 [email protected] www.corbettfoundation.org 3 Some Insects and Spiders of Kanha Tiger Reserve by Aniruddha Dhamorikar © The Corbett Foundation. 2015. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used, reproduced, or transmitted in any form (electronic and in print) for commercial purposes. This book is meant for educational purposes only, and can be reproduced or transmitted electronically or in print with due credit to the author and the publisher. All images are © Aniruddha Dhamorikar unless otherwise mentioned. Image credits (used under Creative Commons): Amol Patwardhan: Mottled emigrant (plate 1.l) Dinesh Valke: Whirligig beetle (plate 10.h) Jeffrey W. Lotz: Kerria lacca (plate 14.o) Piotr Naskrecki, Bud bug (plate 17.e) Beatriz Moisset: Sweat bee (plate 26.h) Lindsay Condon: Mole cricket (plate 28.l) Ashish Tiple: Common hooktail (plate 29.d) Ashish Tiple: Common clubtail (plate 29.e) Aleksandr: Lacewing larva (plate 34.c) Jeff Holman: Flea (plate 35.j) Kosta Mumcuoglu: Louse (plate 35.m) Erturac: Flea (plate 35.n) Cover: Amyciaea forticeps preying on Oecophylla smargdina, with a kleptoparasitic Phorid fly sharing in the meal.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity of Insects Associated with Rice ( Oryza Sativa L.) Crop Agroecosystem in the Punjab, Pakistan
    Biodiversity of insects associated with rice ( Oryza sativa L.) crop agroecosystem in the Punjab, Pakistan By MUHAMMAD ASGHAR M.Sc. (Hons.) Agricultural Entomology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Agricultural Entomology FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD PAKISTAN 2010 1 To The Controller of Examinations, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. We, the Supervisory Committee, certify that the contents and form of thesis submitted by Mr. Muhammad Asghar, Regd. 92-ag-1261 have been found satisfactory and recommend that it be processed for evaluation by the External Examiner (s) for the award of degree. SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE 1. CHAIRMAN: ………………………………………………. (DR. ANJUM SUHAIL) 2. MEMBER ………………………………………………. (DR. MUHAMMAD AFZAL) 3. MEMBER ……………………………………………….. (DR. MUHAMMAD ASLAM KHAN) 2 DEDICATED To My Affectionate Parents Loving Brothers, Sisters and Wife 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All praises are for “Almighty Allah” who is the creator of this multifaceted and beautiful universe. I consider it as my foremost duty to acknowledge the omnipresent kindness and love of Almighty Allah who made it possible for me to complete the writing of this thesis. I think it is also my supreme obligation to express the gratitude and respect to Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) who is forever a torch of guidance and knowledge for humanity as a whole. How honourable it is to offer my cordial gratitude to my worthy supervisor and supervisory committee, Prof. Dr. Anjum Suhail; Dr. Muhammad Afzal, Department of Agri. Entomology and Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aslam Khan, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, for their constant interest, valuable suggestions, inspirational guidance and encouragement throughout the course of my studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Pyrilla Perpusilla): Distribution, Life Cycle, Nature of Damage and Control Measures
    Pest of Sugarcane (Pyrilla perpusilla): Distribution, Life cycle, Nature of damage and Control measures Distribution Pyrilla perpusilla commonly known as Sugarcane plant hopper is mainly found is Asian countries like Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan, South China, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. The original host of P. perpusilla is not known but it has been recorded feeding and reproducing on a wide range of species of Gramineae, Leguminae and Moraceae families. Identification of Pyrilla perpusilla Adult Pyrilla perpusilla is a pale tawny-yellow, soft-bodied insect with head prominently drawn forward to form a snout. The wingspan of males is 16 - 18 mm and 19 - 21 mm for females. Females have cretaceous threads called anal pads, arranged as bundles on terminal segment. The fore wings are semi-opaque in nature, with yellow-brown color. The fore wings are lightly covered with minute black spots. Both adults and nymphs are very active and suck sap from the leaves of sugarcane. On the slightest disturbance, they jump from leaf to leaf. Lifecycle or Pyrilla perpusilla Egg: Females lay eggs on the lower, shady and concealed side of the leaves near the midrib. Eggs are laid in clusters of 30-40 in number in rows of 4-5. They are covered by pale waxy material. Eggs are oval-shaped, pale whitish to bluish green when laid and turn brown just before hatching. A female lays 600 - 800 eggs in her lifetime. Nymph: Nymph passes through five nymphal instar stages to reach adult stage. The following table gives
    [Show full text]
  • Hemiptera: first Record for an Australian Lophopid (Hemiptera, Lophopidae)
    Australian Journal of Entomology (2007) 46, 129–132 Historical use of substrate-borne acoustic production within the Hemiptera: first record for an Australian Lophopid (Hemiptera, Lophopidae) Adeline Soulier-Perkins,1* Jérôme Sueur2 and Hannelore Hoch3 1Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Département Systématique et Évolution, USM 601 MNHN & UMR 5202 CNRS, Case Postale 50, 45, Rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France. 2NAMC-CNRS UMR 8620, Bât. 446, Université Paris XI, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France. 3Museum für Naturkunde, Institut für Systematische Zoologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Invalidenstr. 43, D- 10115 Berlin, Germany. Abstract Here the first record of communication through substrate-borne vibrations for the Lophopidae family is reported. The signals from Magia subocellata that the authors recorded were short calls with a decreasing frequency modulation. Acoustic vibrations have been observed for other families within the Hemiptera and a scenario concerning the historical use of vibrational communication within the Hemiptera is tested using a phylogenetic inference. The most parsimonious hypothesis suggests that substrate-borne communication is ancestral for the hemipteran order and highlights the groups for which future acoustic research should be undertaken. Key words Cicadomorpha, Coleorrhyncha, evolutionary scenario, Heteroptera, Sternorrhyncha, substrate vibration. INTRODUCTION Lophopidae migrating into America via the Bering land bridge. Some other ancestors of the extant groups moved onto Many animals have been recently recognised for their ability newly emerging land in the Pacific, expanding their distribu- to communicate through substrate-borne vibrations (Hill tion as far east as the Samoan Islands, and as far south as 2001). While elephants produce vibrations transmitted by the Australia (Soulier-Perkins 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring and Reporting Taxonomic Data, Training Students in Taxonomy
    Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 3: e37730 doi: 10.3897/biss.3.37730 Conference Abstract Visualisation of Taxonomic Knowledge: Exploring and reporting taxonomic data, training students in taxonomy Thierry Bourgoin‡, Régine Vignes Lebbe§, Nicolas Bailly | ‡ Museum national Histoire naturelle, UMR 7205 MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université-EPHE, Paris, France § Sorbonne Université, MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Institut Systématique Évolution Biodiversité, ISYEB, Paris, France | University of British Columbia / Beaty Biodiversity Museum, Vancouver, Canada Corresponding author: Thierry Bourgoin ([email protected]) Received: 27 Jun 2019 | Published: 02 Jul 2019 Citation: Bourgoin T, Vignes Lebbe R, Bailly N (2019) Visualisation of Taxonomic Knowledge: Exploring and reporting taxonomic data, training students in taxonomy. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 3: e37730. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.37730 Abstract Taxon concepts are complex, dynamic representations of the real world that are labelled with scientific names designating them. While names, taxa and classifications should be managed separately in databases (Bourgoin et al. 2019, Gallut et al. 2005), students may have difficulty comprehending the dynamic nature of the link between the three entities because taxa circumscriptions are complex to apprehend through textual representation and because names are independently ruled by nomenclatural codes. Exploring, reporting and training users about taxonomic knowledge are complex challenges that could be alleviated through development of efficient visualization tools. We propose here a tool that generates a graphical representation visualizing the successive concepts of a taxon accepted as valid with its different names and positions in classifications, including its synonyms, homonyms, chresonyms, and other related taxonomic and nomenclatural issues during its lifetime.
    [Show full text]
  • SOP) for INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM
    STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOP) for INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) Version: 01; June, 2014 Dr. S. N. Sushil Plant Protection Advisor Dte. of PPQ&S, Faridabad June 5, 2014 Ram Asre Addl. PPA (IPM) Dte. of PPQ&S, Faridabad List of Contributors Technical guidance and Supervision: Dr. S. N. Sushil, Plant Protection Adviser & Ram Asre, Addl. Plant Protection Adviser (IPM) Sl. Chapter Contributors No. (1) Dr. V.K. Srivastava, JD (PP), HQ, Faridabad; Group Leader Standardization of FFS Curriculum, HRD; (2) Dr. Jasveer Singh, DD (E), HQ, Faridabad Orientation Training (2 1. (3) Sh. R. Murali, DD (E), HQ, Faridabad days), Refresher Training (5 days) and SLTP (long (4) Dr. G.P. Singh, AD (E), CIPMC, Gorakhpur duration) (5) Sh. Yogesh Kunwar, PPO (WS), HQ, Faridabad Conservation & (1) Sh. Ram Asre, APPA (IPM), HQ, Faridabad 2. A ugmentation of Bio- (2) Dr. C. S. Patni, PPO (PP), CIPMC, Faridabad control agents (1) Dr. K.S. Kapoor, DD (E); Co-ordinator, HQ, Faridabad Pests Surveillance & 3. Monitoring (2) Sh. P.K. Ghosh, AD (E), CIPMC, Kolkata (1) Dr. Shbhas Kumar, DD (WS), HQ, Faridabad Weed ecology and 4. (2) Sh. Arunabha Chakraborty, PPO (E), HQ, Faridabad Management (3) Sh. Yogesh Kunwar, PPO (WS), HQ, Faridabad (1) Dr. M. S. Akhtar, AD (E), CIPMC, Faridabad Member Secretary Laboratory Manual for 5. M ass Rearing of Bio- (2) Dr. Umesh Kumar, PPO (PP), CIPMC, Lucknow control agents (3) Dr. Navendu Nair, PPO (E), CIPMC, Agartala 6. C ompiled by (1) Dr. M. S. Akhtar, AD (E), CIPMC, Faridabad Member Secretary 7. Design & Layout (1) Sh.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparison of the External Morphology and Functions of Labial Tip Sensilla in Semiaquatic Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha)
    Eur. J. Entomol. 111(2): 275–297, 2014 doi: 10.14411/eje.2014.033 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) A comparison of the external morphology and functions of labial tip sensilla in semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) 1 2 JOLANTA BROŻeK and HERBERT ZeTTeL 1 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007 Katowice, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Natural History Museum, entomological Department, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Heteroptera, Gerromorpha, labial tip sensilla, pattern, morphology, function, apomorphic characters Abstract. The present study provides new data on the morphology and distribution of the labial tip sensilla of 41 species of 20 gerro- morphan (sub)families (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) obtained using a scanning electron microscope. There are eleven morphologically distinct types of sensilla on the tip of the labium: four types of basiconic uniporous sensilla, two types of plate sensilla, one type of peg uniporous sensilla, peg-in-pit sensilla, dome-shaped sensilla, placoid multiporous sensilla and elongated placoid multiporous sub- apical sensilla. Based on their external structure, it is likely that these sensilla are thermo-hygrosensitive, chemosensitive and mechano- chemosensitive. There are three different designs of sensilla in the Gerromorpha: the basic design occurs in Mesoveliidae and Hebridae; the intermediate one is typical of Hydrometridae and Hermatobatidae, and the most specialized design in Macroveliidae, Veliidae and Gerridae. No new synapomorphies for Gerromorpha were identified in terms of the labial tip sensilla, multi-peg structures and shape of the labial tip, but eleven new diagnostic characters are recorded for clades currently recognized in this infraorder.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Maize Shootfly: Atherigona Orientalis (Muscidae: Diptera)
    Lecture No 4 PESTS OF MAIZE AND WHEAT I. PEST OF MAIZE More than 130 insects have been recorded causing damage to maize in India. Among these, about half a dozen pests are of economic importance. Shoot fly, borers, shoot bug and aphid, polyphagous pest like cornworm cause considerable yield reduction in maize. Major pests 1. Maize shootfly Atherigona orientalis Muscidae Diptera 2. Stem borer Chilo partellus Crambidae Lepidoptera 3. Pink stem borer Sesamia inferens Noctuidae Lepidoptera 4. Cornworm/ Earworm Helicoverpa armigera Noctuidae Lepidoptera 5. Web worm Cryptoblabes gnidiella Pyraustidae Lepidoptera 6. Aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis Aphididae Hemiptera 7. Shoot bug Peregrinus maidis Delphacidae Hemiptera Minor Pests 8. Climbing Mythimna separata Noctuidae Lepidoptera cut worm 9. Ash weevil Myllocerus sp., Curculionidae Coleoptera 10. Phadka grasshopper Hieroglyphus Acrididae Orthoptera nigrorepletus 11. Leafhopper Pyrilla perpusilla Lophopidae Hemiptera Major pests 1. Maize shootfly: Atherigona orientalis (Muscidae: Diptera) Distribution and status Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka. Host range: Maize, sorghum, ragi and bajra Damage symptoms The maggot feeds on the young growing shoots resulting in “dead hearts”. Bionomics: Small grey coloured fly. Management • Grow resistant cultivars like DMR 5, NCD, VC 80 • Furrow application of phorate granules 10 G 10 kg/ha (or) lindane 6 G 25 kg per ha 2. Stem borer: Chilo partellus (Crambidae: Lepidoptera) Distribution and status India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Iraq, Japan, Uganda, Taiwan, Sudan, Nepal, Bangladesh and Thailand. Host range: Jowar, bajra, sugarcane and rice Damage symptoms It infests the crop a month after sowing and upto emergence of cobs. Central shoot withering leading to “dead heart” is the typical damage symptom.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Pest Management in the Global Arena
    Integrated Pest Management in the Global Arena This Handbook is dedicated to all the participants of the Michigan State University’s International IPM Short Course and to the faculty members who have provided support to this course. Integrated Pest Management in the Global Arena Edited by K.M. Maredia Professor Institute of International Agriculture and Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA D. Dakouo Senior Research Scientist INERA Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso and D. Mota-Sanchez Research Associate Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA CABI Publishing CABI Publishing is a division of CAB International CABI Publishing CABI Publishing CAB International 44 Brattle Street Wallingford 4th Floor Oxon OX10 8DE Cambridge, MA 02138 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 617 395 4056 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Fax: +1 617 354 6875 Email: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi-publishing.org ©CAB International 2003. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Integrated pest management in the global arena /edited by K.M. Maredia, D. Dakouo, D. Mota-Sanchez p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-85199-652-3 1. Pests--Integrated control. I. Maredia, Karim M. II. Dakouo, D. (Dona), 1951- III. Mota-Sanchez, D. (David), 1960- SB950.I4575 2003 632′.9--dc21 2002154965 ISBN 0 85199 652 3 Typeset by AMA DataSet, UK Printed and bound in the UK by Cromwell Press, Trowbridge Contents Contributors ix Preface xv Acknowledgments xvii Foreword xix Acronyms and Abbreviations xxi 1Introduction and Overview 1 K.M.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Pest Management Package for Leafhoppers and Planthoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera) in Paddy Fields
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Engineering Vol. 6, No. 3, 2020, pp. 26-37 http://www.aiscience.org/journal/jase ISSN: 2381-6821 (Print); ISSN: 2381-6848 (Online) Integrated Pest Management Package for Leafhoppers and Planthoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera) in Paddy Fields Muhammad Sarwar * National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan Abstract The aim of the present article is to shed light on the current status, species composition, abundance, habitat affinities, distribution patterns of leafhoppers and planthoppers along with their integrated pest management (IPM) in the rice growing regions. Leafhoppers and planthoppers such as white rice leafhopper ( Cofana spectra Distant), brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal), whitebacked planthopper [ Sogatella furcifera (Horvath)], green planthoppers [Nephotettix nigropictus (Stal)] and Nephotettix virescens (Distant), and lophopid leafhopper (Pyrilla perpusilla Walker) are sap feeders from the xylem and phloem tissues of the plant. Both adults plus nymphs of leafhoppers and planthoppers have piercing mouthparts that they insert into the leaf blades and leaf sheaths of rice plants to suck sap, and egg laying by hoppers blocks the water and food channels inside the plant. Severely damaged plants become dry and take on the brownish appearance as these have been damaged by fire, hence termed as hopper burn and at this level, crop loss may be 100%. The Integrated Pest Management (IPM) philosophies are growing a healthy crop by conserving of natural
    [Show full text]
  • Cambodian Journal of Natural History
    Cambodian Journal of Natural History Aquatic Special Issue: Dragonfl ies and damselfl ies New crabs discovered as by-catch Seagrasses of Koh Rong Archipelago Koh Sdach Archipelago coral reef survey Zoning Cambodia’s fi rst Marine Fisheries Management Area August 2014 Vol. 2014 No. 1 Cambodian Journal of Natural History ISSN 2226–969X Editors Email: [email protected] • Dr Jenny C. Daltry, Senior Conservation Biologist, Fauna & Flora International. • Dr Neil M. Furey, Research Associate, Fauna & Flora International: Cambodia Programme. • Hang Chanthon, Former Vice-Rector, Royal University of Phnom Penh. • Dr Nicholas J. Souter, Project Manager, University Capacity Building Project, Fauna & Flora International: Cambodia Programme. International Editorial Board • Dr Stephen J. Browne, Fauna & Flora International, • Dr Sovanmoly Hul, Muséum National d’Histoire Singapore. Naturelle, Paris, France. • Dr Martin Fisher, Editor of Oryx—The International • Dr Andy L. Maxwell, World Wide Fund for Nature, Journal of Conservation, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Cambodia. • Dr L. Lee Grismer, La Sierra University, California, • Dr Jörg Menzel, University of Bonn, Germany. USA. • Dr Brad Pett itt , Murdoch University, Australia. • Dr Knud E. Heller, Nykøbing Falster Zoo, Denmark. • Dr Campbell O. Webb, Harvard University Herbaria, USA. Other peer reviewers for this volume • Dr Shane T. Ahyong, Australian Museum Research • Dr Kathe Jensen, Zoological Museum, Copenhagen, Institute, Sydney, Australia. Denmark. • Dr Alexander E. Balakirev, Severtsov’s Institute of • Dr Luke Leung, School of Agriculture and Food Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow, Russia. Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia. • Jan-Willem van Bochove, UNEP World Conservation • Prof. Colin L. McLay, Canterbury University, Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK. Christchurch, New Zealand.
    [Show full text]