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Seven Churches of Revelation Turkey
TRAVEL GUIDE SEVEN CHURCHES OF REVELATION TURKEY TURKEY Pergamum Lesbos Thyatira Sardis Izmir Chios Smyrna Philadelphia Samos Ephesus Laodicea Aegean Sea Patmos ASIA Kos 1 Rhodes ARCHEOLOGICAL MAP OF WESTERN TURKEY BULGARIA Sinanköy Manya Mt. NORTH EDİRNE KIRKLARELİ Selimiye Fatih Iron Foundry Mosque UNESCO B L A C K S E A MACEDONIA Yeni Saray Kırklareli Höyük İSTANBUL Herakleia Skotoussa (Byzantium) Krenides Linos (Constantinople) Sirra Philippi Beikos Palatianon Berge Karaevlialtı Menekşe Çatağı Prusias Tauriana Filippoi THRACE Bathonea Küçükyalı Ad hypium Morylos Dikaia Heraion teikhos Achaeology Edessa Neapolis park KOCAELİ Tragilos Antisara Abdera Perinthos Basilica UNESCO Maroneia TEKİRDAĞ (İZMİT) DÜZCE Europos Kavala Doriskos Nicomedia Pella Amphipolis Stryme Işıklar Mt. ALBANIA Allante Lete Bormiskos Thessalonica Argilos THE SEA OF MARMARA SAKARYA MACEDONIANaoussa Apollonia Thassos Ainos (ADAPAZARI) UNESCO Thermes Aegae YALOVA Ceramic Furnaces Selectum Chalastra Strepsa Berea Iznik Lake Nicea Methone Cyzicus Vergina Petralona Samothrace Parion Roman theater Acanthos Zeytinli Ada Apamela Aisa Ouranopolis Hisardere Dasaki Elimia Pydna Barçın Höyük BTHYNIA Galepsos Yenibademli Höyük BURSA UNESCO Antigonia Thyssus Apollonia (Prusa) ÇANAKKALE Manyas Zeytinlik Höyük Arisbe Lake Ulubat Phylace Dion Akrothooi Lake Sane Parthenopolis GÖKCEADA Aktopraklık O.Gazi Külliyesi BİLECİK Asprokampos Kremaste Daskyleion UNESCO Höyük Pythion Neopolis Astyra Sundiken Mts. Herakleum Paşalar Sarhöyük Mount Athos Achmilleion Troy Pessinus Potamia Mt.Olympos -
Greece • Crete • Turkey May 28 - June 22, 2021
GREECE • CRETE • TURKEY MAY 28 - JUNE 22, 2021 Tour Hosts: Dr. Scott Moore Dr. Jason Whitlark organized by GREECE - CRETE - TURKEY / May 28 - June 22, 2021 May 31 Mon ATHENS - CORINTH CANAL - CORINTH – ACROCORINTH - NAFPLION At 8:30a.m. depart from Athens and drive along the coastal highway of Saronic Gulf. Arrive at the Corinth Canal for a brief stop and then continue on to the Acropolis of Corinth. Acro-corinth is the citadel of Corinth. It is situated to the southwest of the ancient city and rises to an elevation of 1883 ft. [574 m.]. Today it is surrounded by walls that are about 1.85 mi. [3 km.] long. The foundations of the fortifications are ancient—going back to the Hellenistic Period. The current walls were built and rebuilt by the Byzantines, Franks, Venetians, and Ottoman Turks. Climb up and visit the fortress. Then proceed to the Ancient city of Corinth. It was to this megalopolis where the apostle Paul came and worked, established a thriving church, subsequently sending two of his epistles now part of the New Testament. Here, we see all of the sites associated with his ministry: the Agora, the Temple of Apollo, the Roman Odeon, the Bema and Gallio’s Seat. The small local archaeological museum here is an absolute must! In Romans 16:23 Paul mentions his friend Erastus and • • we will see an inscription to him at the site. In the afternoon we will drive to GREECE CRETE TURKEY Nafplion for check-in at hotel followed by dinner and overnight. (B,D) MAY 28 - JUNE 22, 2021 June 1 Tue EPIDAURAUS - MYCENAE - NAFPLION Morning visit to Mycenae where we see the remains of the prehistoric citadel Parthenon, fortified with the Cyclopean Walls, the Lionesses’ Gate, the remains of the Athens Mycenaean Palace and the Tomb of King Agamemnon in which we will actually enter. -
Plinius Senior Naturalis Historia Liber V
PLINIUS SENIOR NATURALIS HISTORIA LIBER V 1 Africam Graeci Libyam appellavere et mare ante eam Libycum; Aegyptio finitur, nec alia pars terrarum pauciores recipit sinus, longe ab occidente litorum obliquo spatio. populorum eius oppidorumque nomina vel maxime sunt ineffabilia praeterquam ipsorum linguis, et alias castella ferme inhabitant. 2 Principio terrarum Mauretaniae appellantur, usque ad C. Caesarem Germanici filium regna, saevitia eius in duas divisae provincias. promunturium oceani extumum Ampelusia nominatur a Graecis. oppida fuere Lissa et Cottae ultra columnas Herculis, nunc est Tingi, quondam ab Antaeo conditum, postea a Claudio Caesare, cum coloniam faceret, appellatum Traducta Iulia. abest a Baelone oppido Baeticae proximo traiectu XXX. ab eo XXV in ora oceani colonia Augusti Iulia Constantia Zulil, regum dicioni exempta et iura in Baeticam petere iussa. ab ea XXXV colonia a Claudio Caesare facta Lixos, vel fabulosissime antiquis narrata: 3 ibi regia Antaei certamenque cum Hercule et Hesperidum horti. adfunditur autem aestuarium e mari flexuoso meatu, in quo dracones custodiae instar fuisse nunc interpretantur. amplectitur intra se insulam, quam solam e vicino tractu aliquanto excelsiore non tamen aestus maris inundant. exstat in ea et ara Herculis nec praeter oleastros aliud ex narrato illo aurifero nemore. 4 minus profecto mirentur portentosa Graeciae mendacia de his et amne Lixo prodita qui cogitent nostros nuperque paulo minus monstrifica quaedam de iisdem tradidisse, praevalidam hanc urbem maioremque Magna Carthagine, praeterea ex adverso eius sitam et prope inmenso tractu ab Tingi, quaeque alia Cornelius Nepos avidissime credidit. 5 ab Lixo XL in mediterraneo altera Augusta colonia est Babba, Iulia Campestris appellata, et tertia Banasa LXXV p., Valentia cognominata. -
Mediterranean Divine Vintage Turkey & Greece
BULGARIA Sinanköy Manya Mt. NORTH EDİRNE KIRKLARELİ Selimiye Fatih Iron Foundry Mosque UNESCO B L A C K S E A MACEDONIA Yeni Saray Kırklareli Höyük İSTANBUL Herakleia Skotoussa (Byzantium) Krenides Linos (Constantinople) Sirra Philippi Beikos Palatianon Berge Karaevlialtı Menekşe Çatağı Prusias Tauriana Filippoi THRACE Bathonea Küçükyalı Ad hypium Morylos Neapolis Dikaia Heraion teikhos Achaeology Edessa park KOCAELİ Tragilos Antisara Perinthos Basilica UNESCO Abdera Maroneia TEKİRDAĞ (İZMİT) DÜZCE Europos Kavala Doriskos Nicomedia Pella Amphipolis Stryme Işıklar Mt. ALBANIA JOINAllante Lete Bormiskos Thessalonica Argilos THE SEA OF MARMARA SAKARYA MACEDONIANaoussa Apollonia Thassos Ainos (ADAPAZARI) UNESCO Thermes Aegae YALOVA Ceramic Furnaces Selectum Chalastra Strepsa Berea Iznik Lake Nicea Methone Cyzicus Vergina Petralona Samothrace Parion Roman theater Acanthos Zeytinli Ada Apamela Aisa Ouranopolis Hisardere Elimia PydnaMEDITERRANEAN Barçın Höyük BTHYNIA Dasaki Galepsos Yenibademli Höyük BURSA UNESCO Antigonia Thyssus Apollonia (Prusa) ÇANAKKALE Manyas Zeytinlik Höyük Arisbe Lake Ulubat Phylace Dion Akrothooi Lake Sane Parthenopolis GÖKCEADA Aktopraklık O.Gazi Külliyesi BİLECİK Asprokampos Kremaste Daskyleion UNESCO Höyük Pythion Neopolis Astyra Sundiken Mts. Herakleum Paşalar Sarhöyük Mount Athos Achmilleion Troy Pessinus Potamia Mt.Olympos Torone Hephaistia Dorylaeum BOZCAADA Sigeion Kenchreai Omphatium Gonnus Skione Limnos MYSIA Uludag ESKİŞEHİR Eritium DIVINE VINTAGE Derecik Basilica Sidari Oxynia Myrina Kaz Mt. Passaron Soufli Troas Kebrene Skepsis UNESCO Meliboea Cassiope Gure bath BALIKESİR Dikilitaş Kanlıtaş Höyük Aiginion Neandra Karacahisar Castle Meteora Antandros Adramyttium Corfu UNESCO Larissa Lamponeia Dodoni Theopetra Gülpinar Pioniai Kulluoba Hamaxitos Seyitömer Höyük Keçi çayırı Syvota KÜTAHYA Grava Polimedion Assos Gerdekkaya Assos Mt.Pelion A E GTURKEY E A N S E A &Pyrrha GREECEMadra Mt. (Cotiaeum) Kumbet Lefkimi Theudoria Pherae Mithymna Midas City Ellina EPIRUS Passandra Perperene Lolkos/Gorytsa Antissa Bahses Mt. -
The Nature of Maussollos's Monarchy
The Nature of Maussollos’s Monarchy The Three Faces of a Dynastic Karian Satrap by Mischa Piekosz [email protected] Utrecht University RMA-THESIS Research Master Ancient Studies Supervisor: Rolf Strootman Second Reader: Saskia Stevens Student Number 3801128 Abstract This thesis analyses the nature of Maussollos’s monarchy by looking at his (self-)representation in epigraphy, architecture, coinage, and use of titulature vis-a-vis the concept of Hellenistic kingship. It shall be argued that he represented himself and was represented in three different ways – giving him three different ‘’faces’’. He represented himself as an exalted ruler concerning his private dedications and architecture, ever inching closer to deification, but not taking that final step. His deification was to be post mortem. Concerning diplomacy between him and the poleis, he adopted a realpolitik approach, allowing for much self-governance in return for accepting his authority. Maussollos strongly continued the dynastic image set up by his father Hekatomnos concerning the importance of Zeus Labraundos and his Sanctuary at Labraunda, turning the Sanctuary into the major Karian sanctuary. This dynastic parallel can also be seen concerning Hekatomnos’s and Maussollos’s burials, with both being buried as oikistes in terraced tombs, both the inner sanctums depicting Totenmahl-motifs and both being deified after death. Hekatomnos introduced coinage featuring Zeus Labraundos wielding a spear, representing spear- won land. Maussollos adopted this imagery and added Halikarnassian Apollo on the obverse depicting the locations of his two paradeisoi. As for titulature, the Hekatomnids in general eschewed using any which has led to confusion in the ancient sources, but the Hekatomnids were the satraps of Karia, ruling their native land on behalf of the Persian King. -
The Anabasis of Alexander; Or, the History of the Wars and Conquests Of
CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE Cornell University Library PA 3935.E5A3 1884 Anabasis of Alexander: or. The history o 3 1924 026 460 752 The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924026460752 THE ANABASIS OF ALEXANDER. THE ANABASIS OF ALEXANDER; OR, i^e Pislorg of tl^e ffiars anir Cottqnjcsts of '^hxmhtx tl^t (irtat. LITERALLY TRANSLATED, WITH A COMMENTARY, FROM THE GREEK OF ARRIAN THE NICOMEDIAN, BY E. J. CHINNOCK, M.A., LL.B., L0ND9N, Rector of Dumfries Academy. HODDER AND STOUGHTON, 27, PATERNOSTER ROW. MDCCCLXXXIV. "g 5~ /\ . 5"b r. f ^5- A3 Butler & Tanner. The Selwood Fiintiug Works, Frome, and London. PREFACE. When I began this Translation^ more than two years ago, I had no intention of publishing it; but as the work progressed, it occurred to me that Arrian is an Author deserving of more attention from the English- speaking races than he has yet received. No edition of his works has, so far as I am aware, ever appeared in England, though on the Continent many have been pub- lished. In the following Translation I have tried to give as literal a rendering of the Greek text as I could with- out transgressing the idioms of our own language. My theory of the duty of a Translator is, to give the ipsissima verba of his Author as nearly as possible, and not put into his mouth words which he never used, under the mistaken notion of improving his diction or his way of stating his case. -
Biblical World
MAPS of the PAUL’SBIBLICAL MISSIONARY JOURNEYS WORLD MILAN VENICE ZAGREB ROMANIA BOSNA & BELGRADE BUCHAREST HERZEGOVINA CROATIA SAARAJEVO PISA SERBIA ANCONA ITALY Adriatic SeaMONTENEGRO PRISTINA Black Sea PODGORICA BULGARIA PESCARA KOSOVA SOFIA ROME SINOP SKOPJE Sinope EDIRNE Amastris Three Taverns FOGGIA MACEDONIA PONTUS SAMSUN Forum of Appius TIRANA Philippi ISTANBUL Amisos Neapolis TEKIRDAG AMASYA NAPLES Amphipolis Byzantium Hattusa Tyrrhenian Sea Thessalonica Amaseia ORDU Puteoli TARANTO Nicomedia SORRENTO Pella Apollonia Marmara Sea ALBANIA Nicaea Tavium BRINDISI Beroea Kyzikos SAPRI CANAKKALE BITHYNIA ANKARA Troy BURSA Troas MYSIA Dorylaion Gordion Larissa Aegean Sea Hadrianuthera Assos Pessinous T U R K E Y Adramytteum Cotiaeum GALATIA GREECE Mytilene Pergamon Aizanoi CATANZARO Thyatira CAPPADOCIA IZMIR ASIA PHRYGIA Prymnessus Delphi Chios Smyrna Philadelphia Mazaka Sardis PALERMO Ionian Sea Athens Antioch Pisidia MESSINA Nysa Hierapolis Rhegium Corinth Ephesus Apamea KONYA COMMOGENE Laodicea TRAPANI Olympia Mycenae Samos Tralles Iconium Aphrodisias Arsameia Epidaurus Sounion Colossae CATANIA Miletus Lystra Patmos CARIA SICILY Derbe ADANA GAZIANTEP Siracuse Sparta Halicarnassus ANTALYA Perge Tarsus Cnidus Cos LYCIA Attalia Side CILICIA Soli Korakesion Korykos Antioch Patara Mira Seleucia Rhodes Seleucia Malta Anemurion Pieria CRETE MALTA Knosos CYPRUS Salamis TUNISIA Fair Haven Paphos Kition Amathous SYRIA Kourion BEIRUT LEBANON PAUL’S MISSIONARY JOURNEYS DAMASCUS Prepared by Mediterranean Sea Sidon FIRST JOURNEY : Nazareth SECOND -
Map 61 Ephesus Compiled by C
Map 61 Ephesus Compiled by C. Foss and G. Reger (islands), 1994 Introduction The continental part of the map comprises three distinct geographic regions: the coasts of Ionia and Caria, the Maeander valley, and the mountainous hinterland of Caria. The coastal region, settled by Greeks in their first great expansion in the Iron Age, became the site of major cities and many smaller settlements along its deeply indented coastline. The excavators of Ephesus and Miletus have long surveyed the regions of those cities, and other classical scholars have investigated the rest of Ionia. The Ionian coast has seen great physical changes since antiquity. The vast quantities of alluvium deposited by the R. Maeander have made the ancient port of Ephesus an inland town, and turned the former Gulf of Latmos near Miletus into a lake (inset and E2). The Carian coast, with its numerous small ports, is well known thanks to the researches of Bean and Fraser. The broad Maeander valley, which divides Ionia from Caria, always played a major role in the economy of the region with its fertility and the communication it provided between coast and interior. It has not been systematically surveyed. The river’s tributaries offered an outlet for the scattered settlements in the basins and plateaus of the heavily forested interior of Caria. Much of this region, as well as many parts of neighboring ones, was carefully explored by Louis Robert. The map omits Carian sites for which no Greek name is attested; for these, see Radt (1970). For unnamed village sites also not marked, see Marchese (1989, 147-54). -
Abgekürzt Zitierte Literatur
ABGEKÜRZT ZITIERTE LITERATUR AA Archäologischer Anzeiger ABSA The Annual of the British School at Athens ACO Acta Conciliorum Oecumenicorum AKARCA, Milâs A2k dil und Turhan AKARCA, Milâs. Co/rafyas , tarihi ve arkeolojisi. 0stanbul 1954. ANMED Anadolu Akdenizi Arkeoloji Haberleri. News of Archaeology from ANATOLIA’S MEDITER- RANEAN AREAS Annuario Annuario della R. Scuola Archeologica di Atene e delle Missioni Italiane in Oriente. Bergamo. Aphrodisias V C. RATTÉ – P. DE STAEBLER (Hrsg.), Aphrodisias V. The Aphrodisias Regional Survey. Mainz/Darmstadt 2012. AREL, Cihano/lu Ayda AREL, Une famille des notables de la région d’Ayd n: les Cihano/lu et l’architecture. Anato- lia Moderna – Yeni Anadolu 8 (1999) 239–274. AST Aratrma Sonuçlar Toplants BCH Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique BEAN, Maeander G. E. BEAN, Turkey beyond the Maeander. London 1971. BEAN – COOK, G. E. BEAN – J. M. COOK, Carian Coast The Carian Coast III. ABSA 52 (1957) 58–146. BEAN – COOK, Cnidia G. E. BEAN – J. M. COOK, The Cnidia. ABSA 47 (1952) 171–212. BEAN – COOK, G. E. BEAN – J. M. COOK, Halicarnassus Peninsula The Halicarnassus Peninsula. ABSA 50 (1955) 85–169. BENOIT – PIEROBON BENOIT, J. BENOIT – Raffaella PIEROBON BENOIT, Il territorio a N di Iasos: ricognizioni 1988, in: Sinus Territorio a N di Iasos Iasius I.3., 902–919. BENOIT – PIEROBON BENOIT – J. BENOIT – Raffaella PIEROBON BENOIT – G. RAGONE, Il territorio a N di Iasos, in: Sinus RAGONE, Territorio a N di Iasos Iasius I.1., 865–871. BLÜMEL, Iasos W. BLÜMEL, Die Inschriften von Iasos I–II (IK 28, 1–2). Bonn 1985. BLÜMEL, Mylasa W. BLÜMEL, Die Inschriften von Mylasa I–II (IK 34, 35). -
Aus: Zeitschrift Für Papyrologie Und Epigraphik 124 (1999) 1–14 © Dr
HUGH LLOYD-JONES THE PRIDE OF HALICARNASSUS aus: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 124 (1999) 1–14 © Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn THE PRIDE OF HALICARNASSUS In ZPE 123 (1998) 1–23 Dr. S. Isager published an inscription of great interest from Halicarnassus. With great kindness she had sent me a copy of the inscription some time before, and I had sent her a letter in return. In her publication she had made some use of the contents of my letter, but none the less I have judged it to be worth while to publish it. I am grateful to C. P. Jones, R. Kassel and R. Merkelbach for their assistance. ‘ ¶nnep° moi, Sxoin›ti, f¤lon tiyãse[uma merimn«n, KÊpri, muropneÊstvn §mpelãteira PÒ[yvn, t∞w ÑAlikarnãssou t¤ tÚ t¤mion; oÈ går ¶gvge 4 ¶kluon: µ t¤ yroe› gaËra fruassom°nh; ’ ‘ Ghgen°vn megãlauxon §t°knvse stãxun éndr[«n ÉAkra¤ou pãredron kudal¤moio DiÒw, ofl pr«toi ko¤lhn ÍpÚ deirãda y°nto neognÚn 8 pa›da ÑR°hw krÊfion Z∞n' étitallÒmenoi Ga¤hw émf' édÊtoisin, ˜te KrÒnow égkulomÆthw oÈk ¶fyh laim«i y°syai ÍpobrÊxion. ZeËw d¢ patØr G∞w uÂaw égakl°aw Ùrgei«naw 12 y∞ken, o„ érrÆtvn prÒspolo¤ efisi dÒmvn. oÎd' êxarin mÒxyoio para‹ DiÚw ¶[s]xon émoibÆn, ¶rgvn ént' égay«n §sylå komizÒmenoi. tÒn t' §ratÚn makãressin éeidÒmenon parå xeËma 16 Salmak¤dow glukerÚn nassam°nh skÒpelon nÊmfhw flmertÚn kat°xei dÒmon, ∂ pot¢ koËron ≤m°teron terpna›w dejam°nh palãmaiw ÑErmafrÒditon yr°ce pan°joxon, ˘w gãmon eren 20 éndrãsi ka‹ l°xea pr«tow ¶dhse nÒmvi, aÈtÆ te stagÒnvn flero›w ÍpÚ nãmasin êntrou prhÊnei f≈tvn égriÒenta nÒon. -
Greece & Turkey
Tutku Travel Programs Endorsed by Biblical Archaeology Society GREECE & TURKEY THE CRADLE OF CHRISTIANITY July 2-17, 2022 Tour Host: Dr. Mark Fairchild organized by Greece and Turkey: The Cradle of Christianity / July 2-17, 2022 Rotunda, Thessaloniki Greece and Turkey: The Cradle of Christianity Dr. Mark R. Fairchild, Ph.D., Luke J. Peters Prof. of Biblical Studies Chair Dept. Bible & Religion Huntington University July 6 Wed DELPHI – METEORA – KALAMBAKA Travel to the scenic and historic oracle at Delphi, the religious center of the ancient Greek world. Walk the Sacra Via to the Athenian Treasury, the Theatre, Explore the origins of the church in Greece and Turkey. All three and the Temple of Apollo where the oracle enacted its prophetic rituals. of Paul’s missionary journeys were centered in ancient Turkey Visit the Museum at Delphi. Drive to Kalambaka to visit the rock forest of and two of them ended in Greece. Moreover, the apostle John’s ministry was located in Ephesus where he wrote his gospel, three letters and Meteora in western Thessaly and ponder the rough terrain through which the the book of Revelation. Travel by deluxe motorcoach to the ancient cities of apostle Paul walked during his missionary journey. See the famous Byzantine Athens, Corinth, Thessalonica, Philippi, Ephesus, Priene, Hierapolis and Assos. monasteries perched precariously on the summits of soaring sheer cliffs. At these sites we will discuss the birth, growth, trials and development of Visit one of these monasteries. Dinner and overnight in Kalambaka. (B,D) the earliest Christian congregations as they struggled not only to understand their new faith in Christ, but also as they dealt with false teachers and hostile July 7 Thu THESSALONIKI forces opposed to the church. -
Greece & Turkey
Tutku Travel Programs Endorsed by Biblical Archaeology Society GREECE & TURKEY THE CRADLE OF CHRISTIANITY June 4-19, 2021 Tour Host: Dr. Mark Fairchild organized by Greece and Turkey: The Cradle of Christianity / June 4-19, 2021 Athens Meteora, Greece Greece and Turkey: The Cradle of Christianity Dr. Mark R. Fairchild, Ph.D., Luke J. Peters Prof. of Biblical Studies Chair Dept. Bible & June 7 Mon CORINTH, CENCHRAEAE and ELEUSIS – ATHENS Religion Huntington University In Corinth, see the ancient city where Paul met Aquila and Priscilla, the tent makers, and where the apostle spent eighteen months sharing the Gospel (Acts 18: 1-18). Visit the Archaeological Museum, the Market Place and Temples. Walk Explore the origins of the church in Greece and Turkey. All three among the ruins and stand on the Bema where Paul stood before Gallio facing of Paul’s missionary journeys were centered in ancient Turkey and charges brought by the Jews. Visit the ancient port of Cenchrea where Paul two of them ended in Greece. Moreover, the apostle John’s ministry departed when he returned to Syria (Acts 18:12-18). Later we will visit the site was located in Ephesus where he wrote his gospel, three letters and the book of Eleusis where the sacred rites of the Eleusinian Mysteries were performed. of Revelation. Travel by deluxe motorcoach to the ancient cities of Athens, Overnight in Athens. (B,D) Corinth, Thessalonica, Philippi, Ephesus, Priene, Hierapolis and Assos. At these sites we will discuss the birth, growth, trials and development of the earliest June 8 Tue DELPHI – METEORA – KALAMBAKA Christian congregations as they struggled not only to understand their new faith Travel to the scenic and historic oracle at Delphi, the religious center of the ancient in Christ, but also as they dealt with false teachers and hostile forces opposed Greek world.