Mitchell's Ancient Geography
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The extensive patron'age bestowed on Mitchell’s Primary Geography and School Geography and Atlas, determined the Publishers of those works, some time since, to complete the Series of which they form the introductory and secondary divisions, by the publication of a High School Geography and Atlas, comprehending a summary of Modern and Ancient Geography. The following work constitutes the Ancient or second division of the pub- fication proposed, and will be found to correspond, in style and general mode of arrangement, with those portions of the series already issued. It embraces two distinct sections ; one consisting of Classical, and the other of Sacred Geography: together with an Atlas, specially compiled to agree with and elucidate the Text. The chief object aimed at, in its composition, has been to arrange, in a progressive and distinct manner, a concise account of the countries and nations of antiquity, such as may readily be under- stood by the more advanced pupils in our schools and academies, and also by private students. The book and the maps are adapted to each other, and are designed to be used in connection throughout. Questions, to be an¬ swered from the Text and the Atlas, have been inserted, on the plan of those to be found in the other books of the series; but teachers need not restrict themselves to the questions given, and may dispense with them or not, at their discretion. To peruse the Sacred Scriptures or any portion of early history intelli¬ gently, some knowledge of ancient geography is an indispensable requisite. Without such knowledge, indeed, the perusal of history is comparatively worthless. Every inquiring student, therefore, in reading of Jerusalem, Tyre, Rome, or Athens, would wish to ascertain the situation of those re¬ nowned cities, and also to give locations to the mountains, rivers, and lakes described by ancient authors; as well as to understand the relative positions of the countries noted in early times, and the modern political divisions which occupy the same regions of the earth. To such individuals, a well- digested system of ancient geography, with maps specially compiled to illustrate the text, will furnish the desired information, as well as afford a fond of profitable and pleasing instruction. The treatise on Sacred Geography, being confined to a description of the Holy Land, and the other countries mentioned in the Old and New Testaments, is of less extent than the one which precedes it; in several instances, also, the descriptions of various countries given in the first division have been repeated in the last. This is rendered in some measure neces¬ sary, by the fact that the regions described by the Hebrew writers were viewed under different circumstances, and, for the most part, at an earlier period of time than by the Greeks and Romans; and that the names of countries, rivers, cities, &c. are seldom found to coincide, in the statement* of the Scriptural and those of classical authors. Although strictly geographical in its general plan, it has been thought not inappropriate to introduce into the work, occasionally, such historical vf PREFACE. incidents, connected with the subject-matter, as will serve to render the local details more interesting-; and it is believed that an examination of the various quotations from Holy Writ will suggest to pupils a frequent reference, for further elucidation, to that sacred volume. A correct knowledge of the region so long inhabited by the descendants of Abraham, and consecrated by the residence of the Saviour of men, is one of the most interesting objects of geographical research, and has excited the attention of various learned individuals in recent, as well as in former times; whilst a comparison of the ancient and modern condition of many countries in the East, exhibits such evidence of the truth of Divine revelation, as largely to strengthen the faith of the believer. It will be seen that the present state of Nineveh, Babylon, and Thebes, as well as of other capitals once renowned, abundantly confirms the predictions of the ancient pro¬ phets of Israel. Perhaps few studies are so deserving of attention, as that of the geography, history, and constitution of the ancient and chosen people of God. From them have proceeded those purer ideas of religion, which distinguish the Christian above the other nations of the earth. The philosophers of Greece and Rome were the instructors of the ancient and modern world, in art, science, and literature; but the poets and prophets of Israel have enriched other nations with that knowledge which refers to God, salvation, and eter¬ nal life. The Maps of the Ancient Atlas have been carefully executed; and some pains have been taken in their compilation, after arranging the political divisions according to the most approved authorities, to avoid crowding them with the names of obscure and unimportant places, and rather to select the cities, towns, &c. distinguished as the scene of some well-known event, or the birth-place of some noted individual. Especially, have the words been engraved in a clear and distinct letter, so that they may be read with facility. Attached to the Atlas is an Index, alphabetically arranged, designed as a table of reference to the names in the Maps, by which pupils and others may find without difficulty on which Map the country, city, river, <Sec. sought for is represented, as also the corresponding modern name, where such exists. In the Chronological Table, placed at the end of the book, the dates of all the noted events, as well as of the births or deaths of distinguished characters mentioned in the text, may be found. To this Table various Questions are appended, calculated to impress more strongly upon the mind the more important dates and circumstances. It is not expected that teachers will require pupils to commit to memory all the dates, &,c. that are attached to this table; but whether it be adopted or not as a subject of regular study, it will probably, in either case, be found convenient and useful as a matter of reference. Philadelphia, January, 1844. CONTENTS CLASSICAL GEOGRAPHY. Lmcb Paga Levon |SSS 1. Introduction—Early Mari. 25. Egypt, continued. time Discoveries, &e..... 9 26. Mauritania, Numidia. 2. Figure of the Earth, &c... 11 27. Africa Proper, Libya. 3. The World; Asia. 12 28. Libya Interior, .Ethiopia or ggJ 4. Asia Minor. 14 Ethiopia Interior. 5. Mysia, Lydia, Caria. 15 29. Europe. 6. Greek Colonies—Eolia, Io¬ 30. Thrace or Thracia, Macedo¬ SS nia and Doris; Lycia ... 18 nia . 7. Bithynia, Paphlagonia, Pon- 31. Greece or Hellas. tus. 20 32. Greece, continued — Thes¬ 8. Pamphylia, Pisidia, Cili¬ g saly . cia . 22 33. Epirus, Hellas or Greece 9. Phrygia, Cappadocia, Gala¬ Proper, Acarnania,Etolia, tia . 24 g Locrii. 10. Syria. 26 34. Phocis, Doris, Boeotia, Me- ig£ 11. Palmyra; Cyprus. 29 garis. 12. Phoenicia. 31 35. Attica. 13. Arabia.. 34 36. The Peloponnesus, Achaia, 14. Armenia, Mesopotamia ... 36 Sicyonia, Corinthia. 91 15. Assyria. 38 37. Argolis, Laconia. 93 16. Babylonia or Chaldsea .... 40 38. Elis, Messenia, Arcadia... 96 17. Calohis, Iberia, Albania, 39. The Greek Islands. 98 Media. 43 40. The Greek Islands, conti¬ 18. Persia. 44 nued. 101 9. Susiana, Carmania, Gedro- 41. Italia or Italy, Gallia Cisal- sia, Aria or Ariana. 51 pina. 103 20. Parthia, Hyrcania, Bactria- 42. Gallia Cisalpina, continued. 106 na, Sogdiana. 46 43. Italy Proper, Etruria, Um¬ 21. Asiatic Sarmatia, Scythia, bria, Sabini. 109 Serica. 49 44. Picenum, Samnium, Cam¬ 22. India, Sinarum Regio .... 53 pania . 119 23. Africa, Ethiopia. 56 45. Latium. 114 24. ^Egyptus or Egypt . 59 j 46. Latium, continued. 117 cry nil CONTENTS. Leuon Page Lesson hfl 47. Magna Groecia — Apulia, 54. Helvetia, Vindelicia, Rh©- Calabria, Lucania, Brut- tia, Noricum, Pannonia, tia. 123 Ulyricum or Illyria.138 48. Ita.ian Islands. 120 55. Moesia, Dacia, Sarmatia, 49. Hispania. 125 Hyperborean Regions .... 140 50. Gaul or Gallia. 128 56. The Barbarous Nations 51. British Islands. 130 which destroyed the Ro¬ 52. Caledonia, Hibernia. 133 man Empire. 143 53. Scandinavia, Germa¬ 57. The Barbarous Nations con¬ nia. 135 tinued . 145 SACRED GEOGRAPHY. (mmo Page Ltssoo 1 Introduction . 147 the Towns noted in New 2 Settlement of the Earth after Testament times. 176 the Flood. 149 14. Judea and Peraea, with the 3 Origin of the Israelites, «fec. 151 Towns noted in New Tes¬ 4. Journeyings of the Israelites tament Times. 178 through the Wilderness.. 154 15. Land of the Philistines, 5. The Land of Canaan, &c. 156 Tyre and Sidon, Syria, 6. Kingdoms of Israel & Judah 158 Padan Aram. 181 7. Physical Geography of Pa¬ 16. Arabia, including Amalek, lestine, Position, Extent, Ammon, Moab, Edom, Mi- Mountains . 161 dian, the Land of Ur, &c.