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High-Speed Rail Kereta Kecepatan Tinggi from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia High-speed rail Kereta kecepatan tinggi From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "High speed train" redirects here. Automotrice à grande vitesse (AGV) being tested in Velim , Czech Republic Automotrice à grande Vitesse (AGV) yang diuji dalam Velim , Republik Ceko E5 Series Shinkansen in Japan Seri E5 Shinkansen di Jepang German designed third generation ICE on Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line Jerman dirancang generasi ketiga ICE di Cologne-Frankfurt kecepatan tinggi jalur rel High-speed rail (HSR) is a type of passenger rail transport that operates significantly faster than the normal speed of rail traffic. Kereta kecepatan tinggi (HSR) adalah jenis kereta api angkutan penumpang yang beroperasi secara signifikan lebih cepat dari kecepatan normal lalu lintas rel. Specific definitions by the European Union include 200 km/h (120 mph) for upgraded track and 250 km/h (160 mph) or faster for new track. [ 1 ] In Japan , Shinkansen lines run at speeds in excess of 260 km/h (160 mph) and are built using standard gauge track with no at-grade crossings. [ 2 ] In China , high-speed conventional rail lines operate at top speeds of 350 km/h (220 mph), [ 3 ] and one Maglev Line in Shanghai reaches speeds of 431 km/h (268 mph). definisi khusus oleh Uni Eropa mencakup 200 km / h (120 mph) untuk melacak ditingkatkan dan 250 km / h (160 mph) atau lebih cepat untuk trek baru. [1] Di Jepang , Shinkansen baris dijalankan pada kecepatan lebih dari 260 km / h (160 mph) dan dibangun menggunakan jalur ukuran standar tanpa-kelas penyeberangan di. [2] Di Cina , kecepatan tinggi jalur rel konvensional beroperasi pada kecepatan puncak 350 km / h (220 mph), [3] dan satu Maglev Line di Shanghai mencapai kecepatan 431 km / h (268 mph). The world record for conventional high-speed rail is held by the V150 , a specially configured version of Alstom's TGV which clocked 574.8 km/h (357.2 mph) on a test run. Rekor dunia untuk jalan rel kecepatan tinggi konvensional dipegang oleh V150 , sebuah dikonfigurasi khusus versi dari Alstom TGV yang clock 574,8 km / jam (357,2 mph) pada uji coba. The world speed record for Maglev is held by the Japanese experimental MLX01 : 581 km/h (361 mph). [ 4 ] Kecepatan rekor dunia untuk Maglev dipegang oleh eksperimental Jepang MLX01 : 581 km / h (361 mph). [4] While high-speed rail is usually designed for passenger travel, some high-speed systems also carry some kind of freight service. Sementara kereta api berkecepatan tinggi biasanya dirancang untuk perjalanan penumpang, beberapa kecepatan sistem yang tinggi juga membawa beberapa jenis barang jasa. For instance, the French mail service La Poste owns a few special TGV trains for carrying postal freight. Misalnya, layanan mail Perancis La Poste memiliki beberapa khusus kereta api TGV untuk membawa barang pos. [ edit ] HistorySejarah The Italian ETR 200 in 1938 was the first high speed service train. The ETR Italia 200 pada tahun 1938 adalah layanan pertama kereta api berkecepatan tinggi. It achieved the world mean speed record in 1938, reaching 203 km/h (126 mph) near Milan Ini mencapai rekor kecepatan rata-rata dunia pada tahun 1938, mencapai 203 km / h (126 mph) di dekat Milan Shinkansen First High speed train design in 1964, the 0 Series at Fukuyama Station, April 2002 (retired). Shinkansen Pertama kereta kecepatan tinggi desain pada tahun 1964, Seri 0 di Stasiun Fukuyama, April 2002 (pensiunan). The first Shinkansen trains ran at speeds of up to 210 km/h (130 mph), soon after increased to 220 km/h (140 mph). Yang pertama kereta Shinkansen berlari pada kecepatan hingga 210 km / h (130 mph), segera setelah meningkat menjadi 220 km / h (140 mph). Railways were the first form of mass transportation on land and until the development of the motorcar in the early 20th century had an effective monopoly on land transport. Kereta Api adalah bentuk pertama transportasi massal di darat dan sampai perkembangan Motorcar di awal abad 20 memiliki monopoli efektif pada angkutan darat. Both streamlined steam locomotives and high-speed EMUs were used for high speed services. Kedua lokomotif uap efisien dan kecepatan tinggi emu digunakan untuk layanan kecepatan tinggi. The modern high-speed rail era started 6 October 1903. Era rel modern berkecepatan tinggi mulai 6 Oktober 1903. An electrical railcar from Siemens & Halske sped away at 203 km/h (126 mph) on the military railway track between Marienfeld and Zossen in Germany. Sebuah railcar listrik dari Siemens & Halske melesat jauh di 203 km / h (126 mph) di jalur kereta api militer antara Marienfeld dan Zossen di Jerman. It showed that high-speed rail was possible, and that the future was electrical. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kereta api berkecepatan tinggi adalah mungkin, dan bahwa masa depan adalah listrik. For scheduled trains, however, such a speed still was more than 60 years away. Untuk kereta dijadwalkan, bagaimanapun, kecepatan seperti itu masih lebih dari 60 tahun lagi. For rail speed records, see Land speed record for rail vehicles . Untuk rekor kecepatan kereta api, lihat Tanah rekor kecepatan untuk kendaraan rel . [ edit ] The high-speed interurbansThe interurbans kecepatan tinggi The electrical streetcar ( tram ) was born as an urban transportation medium, but already before 1890 the first urban lines or networks were connected. The listrik trem ( tram ) lahir sebagai media transportasi perkotaan, tetapi sudah sebelum 1890 baris kota pertama atau jaringan yang terhubung. The interurban , the remarkable hybrid between a streetcar and a conventional train, was created. Para antar kota , hibrida yang luar biasa antara trem dan kereta konvensional, telah dibuat. Interurbans were built (and do still exist) both in Europe and Asia, but the high-speed interurban was a US invention, and their constructors were the first to implement several HSR technologies. Interurbans dibangun (dan masih ada) baik di Eropa dan Asia, tapi antar kota kecepatan tinggi adalah penemuan Amerika Serikat, dan konstruktor mereka adalah yang pertama untuk menerapkan teknologi beberapa HSR. Interurbans were especially popular in the Midwest (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin). Interurbans sangat populer di Midwest (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin). Another stronghold was the Philadelphia area. kubu lain adalah daerah Philadelphia. Two essential HSR properties – streamlining to reduce air resistance, and tracks with no grade crossing – were introduced more than hundred years ago on the interuban scene. Dua sifat HSR penting - perampingan untuk mengurangi hambatan udara, dan trek tanpa grade persimpangan - lebih dari seratus tahun yang lalu diperkenalkan pada adegan interuban. In 1903 the officials of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition organized the Electric Railway Test Commission to conduct a series of tests to develop a carbody design that would reduce wind resistance at high speeds. Pada tahun 1903 pejabat dari Louisiana Pembelian Pameran diselenggarakan Electric Railway Test Komisi untuk melakukan serangkaian tes untuk mengembangkan desain carbody yang akan mengurangi hambatan angin pada kecepatan tinggi. After a couple of years' research with speeds up to 70 mph (above 110 km/h), several streamliners were built – but for the service speeds and heavy equipment of this era, no significant operating economies were realized, and streamlining was soon discarded for another quarter century. Setelah beberapa tahun penelitian 'dengan kecepatan hingga 70 mph (di atas 110 km / jam), beberapa streamliners dibangun - tetapi untuk kecepatan pelayanan dan alat berat dari era ini, tidak ada ekonomi operasi yang signifikan adalah menyadari, dan perampingan segera dibuang selama seperempat abad. In 1907 Philadelphia & Western Railroad (P&W) opened their double-track Strafford–Upper Darby line without a single grade crossing, and the first absolute block signal system ever installed on an interurban. [ 5 ] Pada tahun 1907 Philadelphia & Western Railroad (P & W) membuka jejak mereka double-Strafford-line Upper Darby tanpa kelas satu persimpangan, dan sinyal sistem mutlak blok pertama yang pernah diinstal pada sebuah antar kota. [5] The interurban development culminated with high-speed railcars like the Red Devils (which were inaugurated in 1929), the Bullets from JG Brill Company (1931), and the Electroliners which in 1941-63 ran between Chicago and Milwaukee and in 1963–1976 in the Philadelphia area. Pembangunan antar kota memuncak dengan kecepatan tinggi seperti railcars Red Devils (yang diresmikan pada tahun 1929), yang Bullets dari JG Brill Perusahaan (1931), dan Electroliners yang pada 1941-1963 berlari antara Chicago dan Milwaukee dan pada 1963-1976 di Philadelphia area. These lightweight constructions weighed only about 500 kg per seat; today's high-speed trains are heavier. Konstruksi ini ringan beratnya hanya sekitar 500 kg per kursi; kecepatan tinggi saat ini kereta lebih berat. Their commercial top speed was about 145 km/t (90 mph), but they able to about 160 km/t in test runs – the Electroliners even almost 180 km/h (110 mph), a respectable speed for a “tram”. kecepatan komersial atas mereka adalah sekitar 145 km / t (90 mph), tetapi mereka mampu sekitar 160 km / t dalam tes berjalan - yang Electroliners bahkan hampir 180 km / h (110 mph), kecepatan terhormat untuk "trem". Station- to-stations speeds at 70 mph (more than 110 km/h) were not infrequently attained on Samuel Insull 's interurbans in the Chicago area. [ 5 ] The Bullets were the first rail equipment made after windtunnel research to reduce the air resistance; [ 6 ] they are called 'very first high-speed
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