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Project Physics Text 5, Models of the Atom. INSTITUTION Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass

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Project Physics Text 5, Models of the Atom. INSTITUTION Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass DOCUMENT RESUME ED 071 905 SE 015 542 TITLE Project Physics Text 5, Models of the Atom. INSTITUTION Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. Harvard Project Physics. SPCNS AGENCY Office of Education (DREW), Washington,D.C. Bureau of Research. BUREAU NO BR-5-1038 PUB DATE 68 CONTRACT OEC-5-10-058 NOTE 145p.; Authorized Interim Version EDRS PRICE MF-S0.65 HC -$6.58 DESCRIPTORS Atomic Structure; *Atomic Theory; Instructional Materials; *Physics; Quantum Mechanics;Relativity; *Scientific Concepts; Secondary Grades;*Secondary School Science; *Textbooks IDENTIFIERS Harvard Project Physics ABSTRACT Basic atomic theories are presented in this fifth unit of the Project Physics textfor use by senior high students. Chemical basis of atomic models in theearly years of the 18th Century is discussed n connection with Dalton'stheory, atomic properties, and periodic tables. The discoveryof electrons is described by using cathode rays, Millikan'sexperiment, photoelectric effects, x-rays, and Einstein's photon model.Analyses of nucleus are . made with.a background of gas spectra, Rutherford'smodel, nuclear charges and sizes, Bohr theory, Franck-Hertzexperiment, periodicity of elements, and atomic theory in theearly 1920's. Latest ideas .about atomic theory are given interms of results of relativity concepts, particle-like behavior in radiation,wave-like behavior of matter, uncertainty principle, probabilityinterpretation, and _physical ideas of quantum mechanics. Historicaldevelopments are stressed in the overall explanation. Problemswith answers are provided in twr categories: study guideand end of section questions. Also included are related illustrations forexplanation use and a chart of renowned people's lifespans from 1800 to 1950. The work of Harvard Project Physics has been financially supportedby: the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Ford Foundation,the National Science Foundation, the Alfred P. SloanFoundation, the United States Office of Education, and Harvard University. (CC) U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH Lri EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMEN. HAS HEE% PE .+P Project Physics Text OUCED Exac Tip 5 lJ THE PERSON OP )R,,A% ZA" 'P $NATiNk, ,P ,P.% r IONS STATED DO REPRFSPNT J.Ea A. C) CATON POS,, )% w1=1 An Introduction to Physics Models of the Atom Project Physics Text An Introduction to Physics5Models of the Atom Authorized Interim Version 1968-69 Distributed by Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.New York Toronto The Project Physics cour,e was developed through the Directors of Harvard Project Physics contributions of many people, the following is a partial list Gerald Holton, Dept of Ph of those contributors (The affiliations indicated and L'myer,th are those F lame. Rutherford, Capri, Irmo I ligh Sc hool, San Bruno, Calif just prior to or during assouation with the Project ) Fletcher G t1 arson, Han and Graduate School of Education Advisory Committee E G Begle, Stanford University, Calif 'Paul F Brandwein, Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc, San Francisco, Calif Robert Brode, University of California, Berkelry Eric in Hiehert, University of Wiscorsin, Madison Harry Kelly, North Carolina State College, Raleigh William C Kelly, National Research Council, Washington, D C Philippe LeCorbeiller, New Sch )01 for Social Research, New York, N Y Thomas Miner, Garden City High School, New York, N Y Philip Morrison, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Ernest Nagel, Columbia University, New York, N Y Leonard K Nash, Harvard University II RAN, Columbia University, New York, N Y Staff and Consultants Andrew Ahlgren, Maine Township High School, Park Ridge, Ill L K Akers, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Tenn Roger A Albrecht, Osage Community Schools, Iowa David Anderson, Oberlin College, Ohio Gary Anderson, Harvard University 90123 69 9876543 Donald Armstrong, American Science Film Association, Washington, D.0 Sam Ascher, Henry Ford High School, Detolt, Mich. 03-073455X Ralph Atberton, Talawanda High School, Oxford, Ohio Albert V. Baez, UNESCO, Paris William G Banick, Fulton High School, Atlanta, Ga. Arthur Bardige, Nova High School, Fort Lauderdale, Fla. Copyright (0' 196E, Project Physics Incorporated. Rolland B Bartholomew, Henry M Gunni-ligh School, Palo Alto, Calif. 0 Theodor Benfey, Eariham College, Richmond, Ind Copyright is claimed until April 1,1969. After April1, 1969 Richard Berendzen, Harvard College Observatory all portions of this work not identified hereinas the subject Alfred M Bork, Reed College, Portland, Ore. of previous copyright shall be in the public domain. The Alfred Brenner, Harvard University authorized interim version of the Harvard Project Physics Robert Bridgham, Harvard University course is being custributed at cost by Holt, Rinehart and Richard Brinckerhoff, Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, N.H Winston, Inc. by arrangement with Project Physics Incorpo- Donald Brittain, National Film Board of Canada, Montreal rated, a non-profit educational organization. Joan Bromberg, Harvard University Vinson Bronson, Newton South High School, Newton Centre, Mass All persons making use of any part of these materialsare Stephen G Brush, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, University of requested to acknowledge the source and the financialsup- California, Livermore port giv3n to Project Physics by the agencies named below, Michael Butler, CIASA Films Mundiales, S A, Mexico and to include a statement that the publication of suchmate- Leon Callihan, St. Mark's School of Texas, Dallas rial is not necessarily endorsed by Harvard Project Physics Douglas Campbell, Harvard University or any of the authors of this work. Dean R Casperson, Harvard University The work of Harvard Project Pilysics has been financially Bobby Chambers, Oak Ridge Ass.c.ated Universities, Tents. supported by the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Robert Chesley,,Thacher School, Ojai, Calif. John Christensen, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Tenn Ford Foundation,, the National Science Foundation, the Al- Dora Clark, W G. Enloe High School, Raleigh, N.0 fred P. Sloan Foundation, the United States Office of Edu- David C:arke, Browne and Nichols School, Cambridge, Mass cation, and Harvard Universi.y. Robert 5 Cohen, Boston University, Mass. Brother Columban Francis, F S C, Mater Christi Diocesan High Glen Men yn, West Van.:ouver Secondary School, B C, Canada School, Long Island City, N Y Franklin Miller, Jr Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio Arthur Compton, Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, N H Jack C Miller, Pomona College, Claremc David L Cone, Los Altos High School, Calif Kent D Miller, Claremont High School, Caw William Cooley, University of Pittsburgh, Pa James A Minstrell, Mercer Island High School, Washington Ann Couch, Harvard University James F Moore, Canton High School, Mass. Paul Cowan, Hardin-Simmons University, Abilene, Tex Robert H Mosteller, Princeton High School, Cincinnati, Ohio Charles Davis, Fairfax County School Board, Fairfax, Va. William Na son, Jamaica High School, N Y Michael Dentamaro, Senn High School, Chicago, Ill Henry Nelson, Berkeley High School, Calif. Raymond Dittman, Newton High School, Mass. Joseph D Novak, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. Elsa Dorfman, Educational Services Inc, Watertown, Mass Thom. Olafsson, Menntaskohnn Ad, Laugarvatm, Iceland Vadint Drozin, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pa Jay Orear, Cornell Universilty, Ithaca, N Y. Neil F Dunn, Burlington High School, Mass Paul O'Toole, Dorchester High School, Mass R T. Ellickson, University of Oregon, Eugene Costas Papahollos, Harvard University Thomas Embry, Nova High School, Fort Lauderdale, Fla Jacques Parent, National Film Board of Canada, Montreal Walter Eppenstein, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N Y. Eugene A Platten, San Diego High School, Calif Herman Epstein, Brandeis University, Waltham, Mass. L. Eugene Poorman, University High School, Bloomington, Ind. Thomas F. B Ferguson, National Film Board of Canada, Montreal Gloria Poulos, Harvard University Thomas von Foerster, Harvard University Herbert Priestley, Knox College, Galesburg, Ill. Kenneth Ford, University of California, Irvine Edward M. Purcell, Harvard University Robert Gardner, Harvard University Gerald M. Rees, Ann Arbor High School, Mich. Fred Geis, Jr., Harvard Univen4ty James M. Reid, J. W Sexton High School, Lansing, Mich. Nicholas J. Georges, Staples H h School, Westport, Conn Robert Resnick, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y. H Richard Gerfin, Simon's F °tic, Great Barrington, Mass F tul I. Richards, Tecl4nical Operations, Inc, Burlington, Mass Owen Gingerich, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, John Rigden, Eastern Nazarene College, Quincy, Mass Cambridge, Mass Thomas J. Ritzinger, Rice Lake High School, Wisc. Stanley Goldberg, Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio Nickerson Rogers, The Loomis School, Windsor, Conn Leon Goutevenier, Paul D S. hreiber High School, Sidney Rosen, University of Illinois, Urbana Port Washington, N.Y. John J. Rosenbaum, Livermore High School, Calif. Albert Gregory, Han ard 'Jniversity William Rosenfeld, Smith College, Northampton, Mass. Julie A Goetze, Weeks Jr High School, Newton, Mass Arthur Rothman, State University of New York, Buffalo Robert D. Haas, Ciairemont High School, San Diego, Calif Daniel Rufolo, Clairemont High School, San Diego, Calif. Walter G Hagenbuch, Plymouth-Whitemarsh Senior High School, Bernhard A. Sachs, Brooklyn Technical High School,N.Y. Plymouth Meeting, Pa. Morton L. Schagnn, Denison University, Granville, Ohio John Harris, National Piiysical Labora.ory of Israel, Jerusalem Rudolph Schiller, Valley High School,
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