This magnetic-powered train.doesn't levitate, and, boy, can it move~ and on existing tracks 'Seraphim' train could achieve high speed at a quarter the cost of 'mag-lev' technology

By Neal Singer erect by magnetic coils, and in only 12 feet 6 kilometers a second. Media Relations Dept. 12620 reaches a speed of 34 miles per hour- demon• The so-called magnetic-levitation (mag-lev) strates the potential of the propulsive technique. trains under construction in Germany and The idea of very fast trains powered and The train, which would be the fastest in the Japan are expected to reach 300 mph, but they levitated by magnets has tickled the imagina• US, is expected to travel at 200 miles per hour. need specially designed track. The current maximum for commuters on the tion of the US public - without opening its Allows an incremental approach wallet - for several decades. High construction corridor between costs and the difficulty in obtaining right-of• Boston and Wash• The train is a "This is an incremental approach to enter ways to lay new track have proved formidable ington is 100 miles the world of high-speed, magnetically powered obstacles. per hour. spin-off from trains," says Bob Turman, Manager of Electro• Now a concept for a high-speed, magneti• "We make the coil-gun magnetic Propulsion/Beams Applications Dept. cally powered train that does not levitate, is Seraphim go that 1221. "We can convert further, if the public relatively inexpensive to build, and can run on slow so it can travel technology wants, at a later time." More work might be nec• already-laid track has been developed by San• on already-laid created at essary, he says, because for very fast trains, dia scientists in Pulsed Power Sciences Center track," says project "some of the existing right-of-ways will have I 1200. leader Barry Marder Sandia in the too-sharp turns. At that later time, in those loca• Dubbed "Seraphim," the train is a spin-off of Beam, Plasma, late 1980s. tions, we'd either buy new right-of-ways or ele• from the coil-gun technology created at Sandia and Electromagnetic vate. For now, we'd just slow down the train." in the late 1980s for the Strategic Defense Ini• Theory Dept. 1241. Unlike mag-lev trains, which travel with no tiative Organization. "The original design was intended to shoot engine aboard, the proposed Sandia train A working model- a vertical, two-foot tall satellites into space at Mach 20." This is 20 would carry its own drive mechanism - a gas aluminum plate that slides along a rail, is pow- times the speed of sound, the equivalent of (Continued on page 4)

Medical coverage .. options to double in 1996; Choose Triple Vol. 47, No. 15 July 21, 1995 Option Plan or HMO

By Tammy Locke Lab News Staff

Starting}an.1, 1996, thenumberofmed• ical coverage options for nonrepresented Sandi• ans will be doubled. The current two-choice system, consisting of the "Traditional" (Mutual of Omaha) Plan and a Health Maintenance Organization (HMO), will be replaced by a four-choice system consisting of the Triple Option Plan (TOP) and an HMO (still Lovelace at Sandia/New Mexico and Kaiser at Sandia/California). About 300 Sandians and retirees partici• pated in 19 focus group meetings last Decem• , ber to preview potential changes to "For years, the Medical Care Plan and to help Sandians have Health & Work I been asking for Family Benefits Dept. 3343 deter• choice, and the mine what Sandians TOP plan will need from their Medical Care Plan. address this From focus group request." comments, changes were completed, and the new plan will be pre• ATOMIC VETERANS- Retired Sandians Ray Brin (left) and Leon Smith, at the National Atomic sented to Sandians this summer. Museum's B-29 last week, recall their experiences with the atomic bombs that ended World War II (see Nonrepresented Sandians will enroll in stories beginning on page 6). Ray conducted development tests on the Fat Man bomb; escorted it for either the TOP or an HMO. The premium costs the Manhattan Project to Tinian island, and helped load it for the flight over Nagasaki. leon worked shared by participants for the current Medical with the fuzing systems of both the Little Boy and Fat Man atomic bombs, helped assemble them, and Care and HMO Plans will remain the same for lost a coin flip to be the weaponeer aboard the Enola Gay for its flight over Hiroshima. He later was the TOP during 1996. Represented people are weaponeer for the Operations Crossroads B-29 atomic bomb drop over Bikini atoll in 1946. not eligible to participate in the Triple Option (Photo by Randy Montoya) Plan at this time; any Plan changes must }?e negotiated with their bargaining units. Addresses employee concerns Top-level management changes Dr. Larry Clevenger, Director of Benefits & Medical Services Center 3300, says, "Benefits & announced Wednesday 2 Medical Services, as well as the Health & Work/Family Benefits organizations, is looking forward to this TOP plan since it will address Building boom brings needed various concerns of the Sandia population. For additional space to Sandia years, Sandians have been asking for choice, (Continued on page 5) Narath, Tegnelia to leave Sandia, Robinson 7his&7hat to be acting Labs director Thanks. boss - I'm sure it'll take all Sandians who are under the new performance management process a while to get used to the new Sandia President/Director AI Narath and Executive VP/Deputy Director Jim Tegnelia are performance rating system and the performance descriptors: EP, HP, BP, leaving Sandia Aug. 15 to operate a new Energy & UN, and PR. I couldn't recall exactly what they all stand for when I had Environment Sector for Lockheed Martin, Sandia my performance management meeting with my boss recently. He was kind Corporation's management contractor. enough to explain them to me at that time, and I want to publicly thank AI will be president ofthe new sector, and him here for all the UN ratings he promised to give me (UN equals Jim will be vice president for business develop• "UNusually good work," he explained). ment. The new Lockheed Martin sector has been * * * created to be responsible for the corporation's They got the David part right - Senior Technical Associate David energy and environmental businesses, including Eley (6352) is a bit insulted that one software vendor can't get his operating and managing Sandia and other name and job title right, despite always sending him two copies of every Department of Energy activities. mailing. On one address label, they misspell his name Elay and show his Current Sandia VP for Laboratory Develop• title as "Instructional System." On the other label, they spell his name ment Paul Robinson (4000) will become acting correctly, but do some highly questionable abbreviating of his title: director of Sandia National Labs until the govern• "Senior Technical Ass." (I don't know David personally, but I think I ment approves a permanent director and deputy may have worked with several of his colleagues.) director. & * * * Additional Energy Environment sector staff Tough boss - Overheard from one employee talking to another in a positions will be announced soon. The]uly 19 Lockheed Martin news release Sandia office recently: "Please don't rat on me to the boss. I have to announcing these changes says the new Energy & leave on time today." That somehow reminded me of another statement I Environment sector will be headquartered in overheard years ago at a company where dedication and discipline weren't Albuquerque. Energy & Environment is the first nearly as strong. One fellow was speaking to another one notorious for Lockheed Martin business sector created since the getting a jump on the traffic home: "You must've had a long day. This is March 1995 merger of Lockheed and Martin the latest I've ever seen you leave early!" The same early-departing Marietta. Other sectors are Aeronautics, Electron• employee, as I recall, was fond of saying, "Man, it sure makes the day ics, Information & Technology Services, and seem long when you get.to work on time!" Space & Strategic Missiles. * * * A dubious honor - Speaking of bosses, the deadline for nominating Responsibility for several major facilities people for Worst Boss of 1995 was June 30, but start thinking about The new sector will have responsibility for whether to nominate your boss next year. According to the June 19 the management of Lockheed Martin Energy Sys• "Business Outlook" section of the Albuquerque Journal, a Texas tems, which includes Oak Ridge (Tenn.) National management expert sponsors an annual worst-boss competition, and the Lab; Lockheed Martin Specialty Components in "winning" boss actually gets a week-long Hawaiian vacation and a Largo, Fla.; Lockheed Martin Environmental Sys• • thousand bucks. The big question: If you nominated your boss and he (or tems & Technologies in Houston; Lockheed Mar• she) won, would he thank you or fire you after returning? tin Idaho Technologies, which includes the Idaho * * * National Engineering Lab in Idaho Falls; Lock• Fit to be tied- Life does have its hassles. I needed some new heed Martin Utility Services, which operates golf shoelaces several weeks ago - nothing special - just average-length enriched uranium plants in Ohio and Kentucky; the corporation's holdings in M4f;.nvironmental black laces. Tracing my steps: A major sporting goods store didn't have Limited Partnership, in Oak Ridge; Technology the right length. A shoe store had the right length, but only in white. Ventures Corp. in Albuquerque; and Sandia. Two department stores at a major mall didn't even sell shoe laces, AI Narath has been President of Sandia Cor• despite having major shoe sections. Another shoe store had black laces, poration and Director of Sandia Labs since 1989. but in two lengths only - one too short and one too long, of course. He joined Sandia in 1959, rose through the Success at my sixth stop: a discount store. I didn't even need to play research management ranks, and became execu• golf after that. I got plenty of exercise shopping.- "exercised" tive vice president in 1982. He left the Labs in actually - during the experience. If you've had a similar or even worse 1984 to become vice president for government "life's little hassles" experience recently, send me the details on systems at AT&T Bell Laboratories. He returned to e-mail or at the mail stop below. Sandia in 1989, replacing retiring Sandia President -Larry Perrine (845-8511, MS 0129) Irwin Welber. AI has a PhD in physical chemistry from the University of California at Berkeley. Jim Tegnelia, who led Lockheed Martin's (then Martin Marietta's) successful bid for man• Supervisory agement of Sandia Labs in 1993, has been Execu• tive VP and Deputy Director at Sandia since the Appointment corporation began managing the Labs in October Sandia LabNews 1993. He is the former deputy director and acting BILLIE WEATHERLY to Manager of JIT Pro• director of the Defense Advanced Research Proj• Sandia National Laboratories ects Agency (DARPA), and joined Martin Marietta An Equal Opportunity Employer curement Dept. 10224. Billie's work at Sandia has been in systems in 1987. Jim has a PhD in physics from George• Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-041 3 contracting and administrative systems analysis. town University. livermore, California 94550-0969 Paul Robinson has been Sandia's VP for Labo• Tonopah, Nevada • Nevada Test Site • Amarillo, Texas She joined Sandia in 1975 as a clerical ratory Development since 1991. He spent most of Sandia National Laboratories, a prime contractor to the trainee in the Human his early career at Los Alamos National Lab. Paul US Department of Energy, is operated by Sandia Corporation, was chief negotiator and head of the US delega• Resources Center. a wholly owned subsidiary of the Lockheed Martin Corporation. tion to the Nuclear Testing Talks between the US She worked as a clerk and Soviet Union in 1988-1990. He has a PhD in Contributors: in the EEO/ M, physics from Florida State University. Ken Frazier, Acting Editor ...... 844-621 0 Design Definition, John German, Writer ...... 844-5199 Security, Travel, and Town meetings are next week Howard Kercheval, Writer ...... 844-7842 Design Information Sandia employees are invited to attend one of Tammy Locke, Writer ...... 844-1860 departments. She was several town meetings to hear more about the Randy Montoya, Head Photographer ...... 844-5605 Billie Weatherly records manager in Mark Poulsen, Photographer/Production ...... 844-0421 management changes and new business sector. In Hazardous Waste and Environmental Protection Albuquerque, meetings are scheduled for Tues1ay, Janet Carpenter, Publications Administrator ...... 844-7841 Department and a Sandia contracting representa• July 25,2-3 p.m., and Wednesday, July 26, 10:30- Nancy Campanozzl, Secretary ...... 844-7522 tive in the Procurement Center. Billie has also 11:30 a.m. and 1-2 p.m., in the Technology Trans• Mary Hatheway, Writing Intern ...... 845-0845 worked in the Logistics Center as a Supervisor of fer Center (Bldg. 825). In Livermore, meetings are Barry Schrader, California Reporter ...... 51 0/294-2447 the Distribution TeamLadministrative systems scheduled for Thursday, July 27, 1:30-2:30 p.m. and Nancy Garda, California Reporter ...... 51 0/294-2932 analyst, and Acting Manager of the Receiving/ 3-4 p.m. in the auditorium. Lab News 505/844-7841 fax 505/844-0645 Published Fortnightly on Fridays by Distribution Services Department. The Lockheed Martin announcement was Employee Co~munications Dept. 12622, MS 041 3 She has a BA in business adminstration, made after our normal deadline and too late for a with concentrations in both management and major story. The Lab News will have more informa- LOCKHEED MARTIN MIS, and an MBA from the College of Santa Fe. tion in the next issue. -Larry Perrine (12620) SANDIA LAB NEWS • july 21, 1995 • Page 3 Hydrogen-fuel concepts take a spin at Sandia facilities Sandla/Callfomia oversees two aspects of national research program ...

By Nancy Garcia trade imbalance and energy security concerns. whose efficiency hovers around 20 percent.) California Reporter Jay says the US could take the lead and export Meanwhile, researchers at Los Alamos will use clean-fuel hydrogen technology to developing their Kiva fluid dynamic codes to model experi• Experiments that may help take concepts nations such as China. mental results so the system can be optimized. about hydrogen fuel from something as intangi• "My perspective is a global one. We need to Ultimately, George says, hydrogen fuel ble as a castle in the sky to a down-to-earth car stop burning hydrocarbon-based fuels," he cells will be preferable to engines for an on• on the road are under way at Sandia/California. says, "and we need to produce hydrogen in an board energy supply. Fuel-cell efficiencies can A team of researchers at this site provide environmentally benign manner." range up to 70 percent. Fuel cells operate by technical coordination in two areas of the The California Air Resources Management national hydrogen program under DOE's divi• Board has mandated that 2 percent of all cars sion of Energy Efficiency and Renewable sold in the state beginning in 1998 have zero Energy. In the area of hydrogen utilization, Jay emissions. If emissions from power plants that Keller of Combustion in Engines & Furnaces create electricity to run electric vehicles are Dept. 8362 is leading work to optimize an taken into account, then hydrogen-fueled vehi• engine that would use hydrogen as part of its cles, with their ultralow emissions, can poten• fuel supply. A significant part of the overall uti• tially stack up better on this score than simple lization program involves a multi-institutional electric vehicles. collaboration with Ray Smith of Lawrence Liv• ermore National Laboratory, Mike Swain of the Experiments use single-cylinder engine University of Miami, and Norm Johnson and The collaborative group envisions creating a hydrogen-fueled engine to drive a generator, which would then power electric motors turn• ing the car's wheels. This electric coupling is Sandia CaliforniaNews called a series-type hybrid approach. It allows the engine to be operated at a single speed for Dan Butler of Los Alamos National Laboratory. peak output. Electricity created by the genera• For hydrogen storage, George Thomas of Physi• tor would be stored in a battery or ultracapaci• cal Properties of Materials Dept. 8715 is over• tor. Those energy storage devices could also seeing development of materials and engineer• recapture energy usually lost to heat and fric• ing schemes to carry hydrogen in vehicles. tion during braking. The most abundant element, hydrogen cre• Experiments that demonstrate this concept ates little more than water and a small amount will help frame how the hydrogen should be I of oxides of nitrogen when burned correctly in stored on the vehicle, says DOE Hydrogen Pro• HYDROGEN BURN - Luis Bernardez of Dept. 8362 an engine. It can be made from a number of gram Manager Neil Rossmeissl. works on Sandia's hydrogen engine at the Combus• sources, such as electrolysis of water or natural "The storage issue is probably the most dif• tion Research Facility. Sandia/California researchers gas reforming. Hydrogen is considered for use ficult problem in using hydrogen to fuel vehi• are providing technical coordination in two areas of as an energy carrier and not as a primary fuel cles," adds Peter. "If the engine is higher effi• the national hydrogen program. source. ciency, you don't have to store as much hydrogen. But many schemes call for hydrogen converting chemical energy directly into elec• An advantage over electric cars? to be drawn off a hydride using heat from the tricity. Fuel cells powered by hydrogen com• The real hook for hydrogen use as an exhaust, and higher efficiency engines have bine hydrogen gas with oxygen to create energy carrier, Jay says, is reducing emissions. lower exhaust temperatures." energy and water. Unlike conventional batter• When burned, carbon-based fuels create car• To address the storage issue, George ies, hydrogen fuel cells can be continually bon dioxide gas that contributes to global Thomas of Dept. 8715 manages efforts to create recharged and do not need to be replaced. warming, poisonous carbon monoxide, smog• lightweight magnesium-nickel alloys that will Already, the space shuttle is powered by hydro• inducing nitrous oxide, and toxic emissions up absorb hydrogen when chilled and release it gen fuel cells. However, these are too large and to the part-per-million level. Also, the US when heated. Hydrides can compact and safely costly to be used on private vehicles. imports about half its fossil fuel, leading to store hydrogen, but they add weight and bulk Peter Lehman, head of the Schatz Energy to the overall vehicle. Research Center at Humboldt State University in Final materials to be used in a hydride bed Arcata, Calif., is leading a project to power golf• and heat exchanger will be selected based on cart-sized personal utility vehicles with fuel cells systems analysis work by Jim Handrock of at the city of Palm Desert, Calif., where these Structural Mechanics Dept. 8742. Karl Wally of vehicles are approved for driving on city streets. Experimental Systems Dept. 8111 and Tom Lawrence Livermore Laboratory is collaborating Raber (8412) are laying out the system design. with him to create a proton-exchange mem• Steve Guthrie (8715) is working on the hydride brane fuel cell powered by hydrogen that would measurements with Walter Bauer of Materials replace the six heavy lead-acid batteries that cur• & Combustion Technology Dept. 8302, while rently run these electric carts. Jay Spingarn of Engineered Processes & Materi• George expects his group will join in the als Dept. 8714 obtains the materials, Abby Palm Desert project, handling on-board hydro• Sieber (8715) provides technical assistance, and gen storage and working on developing carbon Nancy Yang (8715) conducts optical analysis. materials and manufacturing techniques for the Hydrogen research began at Sandia/Califor• fuel cells. Some related exploratory werk in tai• nia two years ago with $1.5 million in annual loring carbon materials to store hydrogen has funding. As the project proceeds, the research already been pursued by Don Cowgill (8715) team intends to create an operating laboratory and Tony Martino and Carlos Quintana of Fuel demonstration system with a hydrogen storage Science Dept. 6211 at Sandia/New Mexico. bed and a multicylinder engine capable of pro• "It looked fairly promising," George says, ducing some 25 to 40 kilowatts of power. (The adding that although vehicles would provide SENATOR BRIEFED- VP John Crawford (8000) current engine, a modified refrigeration-unit the greatest improvements in air quality and recently briefed US Sen. Dianne Feinstein of Califor• power supply, produces about five kilowatts.) energy independence if the country switches to a hydrogen economy, they are also "the hard• nia (right) on Sandia's mission while she was visit• Working with Lawrence Livermore ing nearby Lawrence Livermore National Labora• est place to start.... It's a chicken-and-egg tory (LLNL). Her May 31 visit to Livermore also System concepts being tested in the experi• problem in some ways." The infrastructure included briefings from University of California ments have been developed in conjunction hasn't been created to readily distribute hydro• President J.W. Peltason, Lawrence Berkeley Labora• with researchers from Lawrence Livermore, gen, although hydrogen production capabili• tory Director Charles Shank, Stanford Linear Accel• who have mathematically modeled the series ties are probably sufficient. erator Center Associate Director Jonathan Dorfman, hybrid idea. (They have calculated that a But he adds, "If you have a market, if you and LLNL Director Bruce Tarter. hydrogen-fueled car might be a significant have vehicles that will run, the distribution (LLNL photo by Brian Quintard) improvement over a gasoline-powered engine, will come." SANDIA LAB NEWS • July 21, 1995 • Page 4

propel trains by Magnetic train magnetic attraction from a series of sta• (Continued from page 1) tionary electromag• netic coils that must turbine that powers on-board electromagnets. be powered along The pulsed magnets induce reversed electric the length of the currents in a series of aluminum plates bolted track. to or near the track. The induced currents cre• The Sandia tech• ate their own magnetic fields that oppose those nology "is probably of the train's. superior to that With the aid of optical sensors, the fields being used in the pulse on just as the magnets pass the midpoint mag-lev systems of the aluminum plates and by repulsion pro• under construction pel the train forward. The plates would be pre• in Japan and Ger• assembled in ladder-like sections- the plates many, but they've serving as rungs - for fast, cheap bolting to already committed the track. to their method," says Barry. "Our No new tracks required technology now is Rather than travel suspended by magnetic ready, whenever the fields, the train would ride on unpowered US public wants to wheels made of steel or composite materials, spend the money." LAB LOCOMOTION - Barry Marder (1241, left) and Bob Turman (1221) work thus reducing the cost and complexity of the The researchers with vertical two-foot-tall aluminum plate on a rail that they use to demonstrate system. The approach, again unlike the mag• are applying for the potential of a pulsed linear-induction propulsion technique for a magneti• lev system, permits old-style and new-style funding to power an cally powered train. The model is powered by magnetic coils. trains to travel on the same track. actual train. Construction of the Sandia system should "The Seraphim can achieve 300 miles an in the Dallas airport use a method similar to cost one-quarter of mag-lev systems, which hour, but to do so, we'd need to lay new track Sandia's to achieve speeds of 30 mph. These machined to very tight tolerances, which is trains embed magnetic fields relatively slowly expensive, and then ordinary freight trains in a neighboring metal rail to generate a back• Same principle as Sandia couldn't run on the line without wrecking the ward-moving wave of magnetic flux, which precision," Bob says. thrusts the train forward. coil gun powers train The federal government currently has allo• The Sandia train works on the same cated about $1 billion to electrify the track in Performance improves with velocity principle as a coil gun - itself a spin-off the US northeast The Sandia method induces magnetic from Star Wars technology- conceived corridor. This would fields around the edges of a segmented alu• • by Sandia to launch small satellites into increase the top "The other minum rail placed along the track. This mag• space through an earth-bound gun rather speed of trains on alternatives . netic field repels the train. This difference than send them aloft in individual rockets. the line to 125 mph. allows a Seraphim-type train to achieve higher In the coil gun, a projectile may be But those "captive" are more cars speeds, and is the basis for the acronym that shot hundreds of miles by sequentially trains will be able to and more free• forms its name: Segmented Rail Phased Induc• powering a series of electromagnetic coils achieve those speeds tion Motor. Though a conventional linear as the metal object whizzes by. The only on those ways, or buy• induction motor such as those used by the empowered coils create reversed electric tracks, Bob says. Dallas train can achieve speeds of more than currents in any nearby piece of metal, ing thousands The Sandia 200 mph -as an experimental model did in accompanied by reversed magnetic fields. approach can be of acres to pro• Pueblo, Colo., in the 1970s- its efficiency The resultant repulsion accelerates a pro• used on nonelectri• jectile if the coils are activated sequentially tect new airport suffers at higher speed, while the performance just as the object passes it. fied track. runways from and efficiency of the Sandia engine actually The Sandia train reverses the role of Other than improves with velocity. barrel and shell. The formerly active coils investing in trains, infringement Money for the installed new train should in the barrel become passive aluminum "The other alterna• by suburbs." be recoverable in five to ten years along the metal bars, while the acted-upon projectile tives for the public most populated rail lines, which carry more becomes the train with its active electromag• are more cars and than one million passengers per year, accord• nets. The magnets ar~ activated by sensors more freeways, or buying thousands of acres to ing to Bob's economic projections. These just as each magnetic coil-30 per "locomo• protect new airport runways from infringe• routes include Washington-Boston, Houston• tive"-passes the midpoint of a metal plate ment by suburbs. There's no free lunch any• Dallas, the cities of the Great Lakes area, below or to the side of the onrushing train. where," Bob says. Chicago-St. Louis, Los Angeles-San Francisco, Slow-moving shuttle trains such as those Los Angeles-Las Vegas, and Orlando-Tampa• Miami. A greater customer demand is antici• pated because of shortened travel times and Gas Turbine Exhaust Cooling more frequent departures. Power Conditioning In the Sandia concept, costs for the new trains, which could reach billlions of dollars, would be defrayed by including airlines as part• ners rather than adversaries to the new mode of transportation, Bob says. "In Germany, Lufthansa is one of the investors in the mag-lev transportation system," he says. The trains - "planes without wings"- could quickly handle commuter trips of up to 200 miles, and could play a feeder role for airports. "Airline costs are highest for planes as they ascend and descend," Bob says. "The most eco• nomical arrangement would be for airplanes to fly long routes and very fast trains to fan out from the plane's destination." Pulsed l .lnear Induction Fuel Motor Coils Sympathy

SERAPHIM -Artist's conception of high-speed train proposed by Sandia investigators that uses To Steven Gossage (13216) on the death of standard railroad tracks and railcar wheels, with horizontal aluminum reaction plates located between his father in Hutchinson, Kans., July 2. the steel rails. To Lyndon Pierce (13216) on the death of his father, Ryan Pierso?, in Albu9uerque! July 7. SANDIA LAB NEWS • july 21, 1995 • Page 5 Medical options Open enrollment options for medical care -. (Continued from page 1)

and the TOP plan will address this request." Triple Option Plan HMO (The Sandia Board was expected to give final approval to the plan this week.) According to Dorothy Melloy (3343), Sandi• - Lovelace/Kaiser- ans have indicated they want more flexible med• or ical plans to include more preventive care. Sandi• ans also want a choice of physicians and hospitals, and help managing their health care costs. The Triple Option Plan (and other changes to the Dental Expense Plan and Long Term Disability Plan) is designed to answer these major undertaking for our company, and we represented Sandians will make their first choice needs, Dorothy says. are excited about the choices and benefit by enrolling in either the TOP or an HMO and Within the TOP, three choices (the Primary enhancements it provides our employees and choosing whether to continue participating in Care Physician Option, the Organized Network retirees," says Larry Clevenger. the Sandia-provided dental and LTD plan or Option, and the Traditional Option) are avail• enroll in Dental Deluxe, LTD Plus, and the new able each time an employee needs health care. Learn about choices early Long Term Care Insurance Plan. In addition to ln addition to the current Medical Care Plan As focus group participants learned earlier face-to-face meetings beginning mid-August, (the Traditional this year, the Triple Option Plan (TOP) is easy to plan specifics will be published in the Lab News Option part of TOP), II ... we are no t use but will be a challenge to explain fully. Meet• and Weekly Bulletin, and in 7NT at Sandia/Cali• nonrepresented ings were held the first two weeks of July with fornia. A booklet explaining the TOP and other employees will have restricting the vice presidents, directors, and managers to give plans will be distributed to all Sandians in late available an orga• choice of them early notification of the upcoming changes September to use during open enrollment. nized network of and additions to Sandia health care plans. physicians who may doctors. The All nonrepresented employees and retirees Choosing a vendor for TOP currently be providers TOP does not will be receiving a Benefits Choices '96 newslet• Benefits went through a lengthy selection to Sandians. ter within the next few days. process to choose a TOP administrator, And for those require anyone During open enrollment in October, non- (Continued on page 1 0) employees who using the want to manage their costs more Sandia Plan to Three choices every time you need care closely, an option go to certain similar to an HMO At open enrollment in the fall, nonrep• provides initial physical exams and estab• will be offered: a providers. " resented Sandians will choose (1) either the lishes health baselines from which to track group of physicians new Triple Option Plan or the existing HMO the patient's overall care. Overall and pre• will be available as Sandia primary care physi• for medical care, (2) to continue coverage in ventive care is stressed when the patient is cians who will coordinate care and provide pre• the Dental Expense Plan or purchase addi• healthy. When the patient is ill, care is ventive care for small copayments. tional coverage through the Dental Deluxe monitored and directed. If specialty care is Focus group participants learned how the Plan, (3) to continue in the basic Long Term required, the primary care physician will TOP works, then Benefits collected feedback on Disability (LTD) Plan or purchase an addi• refer the patient to a specialist within the the groups' understanding and opinions of the tional10 or 20 percent of LTD coverage, and network. All employees will choose a pri• TOP. The surveys were developed and results (4) whether to purchase the Long Term Care mary care physician. After a copayment for compiled by William M. Mercer Inc., a national Insurance Plan. service, the TOP pays 100 percent of all benefits consulting firm. Ninety-eight percent of Existing and new plans are as follows: physician-directed care. There are no focus group participants ~id the TOP was a posi• deductibles to meet and no claim forms to tive change, Dorothy says. Two percent were neu• Existing plans New plans complete. Prescription drugs will be pur• tral and said before they could judge the plan, chased with copayments. This option is an they would need to know if their current doctors Medical Care Plan Triple Option Plan HMO with "no doors"- a feature Sandians or or would be included in the network of providers. requested. However, the employee can HMO HMO "This new plan sounds good!" concluded (same as existing always "opt out" each time care is needed one focus group participant. "As many 'old• plan; no changes and use the other options described below. time' employees don't like change, this plan are announced) • Organized Network Option. The patient allows the ability to change without having to directs his or her own care using any Net• join an HMO." Dental Expense Plan Dental Expense Plan work Provider listed in the Network Direc• or tory. The Network Physicians and Hospitals Doctors' names available soon Dental Deluxe Plan within the directory will charge Sandians a The names of the doctors and hospitals in negotiated rate for services provided. Sandi• the network will be available later this summer, Long Term Long Term ans must meet a deductible and pay a coin• after Prudential Insurance Company of Amer• Disability Plan Disability Plan surance amount based on a negotiated rate. or ica, the TOP administrator, has printed a com• The employee may need to file claim forms. Long Term plete provider directory. However, TOP lets you Disability Plus This option is similar to the Traditional use any doctor or any hospital, says Dorothy. Option except that the charges are lower, "We want to have the physicians most used by Long Term Care allowing the patient to control more costs. Sandians in the Organized Network and Pri• Insurance Plan • Traditional Option. The Traditional mary Care Physician Options, but we are not Option is similar to the current Sandia restricting choice of doctors. The TOP does not For all options in the TOP, the maxi• Medical Care Plan but includes a $25 require anyone using the Sandia Plan to go to mum out-of-pocket limit (the patient's max• increase to the deductible. Now, the individ• certain providers. All Sandians have choices." imum liability, including the deductible) ual deductible is either $150, $200, or $300. Other plans will be offered to nonrepre• remains unchanged from the current Medi• In January 1996, these deductibles will be sented employees to purchase: an optional cal Care Plan. $175, $225, or $325. Most services will be enhanced dental plan with additional coverage If Sandians enroll in TOP for medical reimbursed at 80 percent of "usual and cus• called Dental Deluxe and increased long-term care, they must choose a Primary Care tomary," including hospitalizations and disability coverage under the Long Term Dis• Physician, even if the physician will not be outpatient surgeries. In this option, the ability (LTD) Plus Plan. In addition, nonrepre• used. By enrolling in the TOP, Sandians will Sandian uses out-of-network providers and sented Sandians will be able to purchase Long have three types of medical care to choose could be charged over the "usual and cus• Term Care Insurance, which helps cover nurs• from every time they need medical atten• tomary" amount. Some preventive care ing home and home health care costs for the tion. The three choices are: procedures are covered as described in the employee and/or eligible dependents. The costs • Primary Care Physician Option. The current Medical Care Summary Plan . of these plans will be announced before open patient chooses a primary care physician Description. Claims forms are filed to the enrollment begins in the fall. from the Network Directory. This physician administrator by the patient. "The entire Benefit Choices Program is a SANDIA LAB NEWS • July 21, 1995 • Page 6 Retired Sandian Leon Smith helped assemble both atomic bombs used 50 years ago Weaponeer helped arm both Fat Man and Little Boy; coin toss kept him off the Enola Cay

By Randy Maydew These modifications Special Lab News Report included changes required to deliver Leon Smith, who spent 41 years at Sandia the heavy Little Boy before his retirement in 1988, is a pioneer (8,900 pounds) and nuclear ordnance engineer who worked "up Fat Man (10,800 close and personal" with the Little Boy and Fat pounds) bombs, Man atomic bombs that brought down the cur• such as bomb bay tain on World War II. And as a young Army Air doors; rack, sway Force lieutenant, Leon, who had helped assem• bracing, and suspen• ble both bombs, came within a coin toss of rid• sion systems pat• ing aboard Enola Gay on the B-29's historic terned after Royal flight over Hiroshima Aug. 6, 1945. Air Force systems; As loser of the coin flip, he spent that and spedal wiring morning waiting on a second B-29, Big Stink, circuits required by parked on an Iwo Jima runway, ready to take the fuzing group. over the mission if the Enola Gay had to make During the next an emergency landing. six months, the Leon, who still lives in Albuquerque, saw 393rd made about no action that day, but his time aboard Big 100 drop tests from Stink wasn't wasted: In July 1946 he served as 30,000 feet altitude weaponeer aboard the same plane when it of "pumpkin" DAVE'S DREAM CREW- Leon Smith, weaponeer, is in front row far right in this dropped a Fat Man replica bomb as part of the units, weighted Fat photo of the crew of Dave's Dream, the B-29 that dropped a Fat Man-style atomic weapons test series Operation Cross• Man bomb cases so atomic bomb over Bikini atoll in the atomic weapons test series Operations roads conducted on and around Bikini atoll. named because Crossroads in july 1946. From left, back: 1st Lt. Robert Glenn, flight engineer; Leon says the circumstances that necessarily they had been Maj. William Adams, navigator; Maj. Woodrow Swancutt, airplane commander; surround an atomic bomb drop somewhat limit painted orange. Maj. Harold Wood, bombardier; Capt. William Harrison, copilot; and Ensign one's observation opportunities for posterity. These tests were David Anderson, weaponeer. From left, front: Capt. Paul Chenchar, Jr., radar "We were so busy making the breakaway conducted at Wen• observer; Tech. Sgt. jack Cothran, radio operator; Cpl. Roland Modlin, scanner; turn after the drop - to get as far away as fast dover and at ballis• Cpl. Herbert Lyons, scanner; and Leon Smith. Not pictured: Brig. Gen. Roger as possible- that I didn't see the actual explo• tic ranges at Salton Ramey, Task Group 1.5 Commander; Col. W. j. Blanchard, Air Attack Comman• sion," Leon says. "The first look I had was Sea and Inyokern in der; Col. D. R. Sutherland, bomb commander. (Photo courtesy of Leon Smith) about 30 seconds later." He saw a spiral of California. Those smoke topped by a mushroom cloud, he says, tests were completed by June 1945, and the 1945, where it continued to work with Z Divi• adding, "We were flying high, but the cloud 509th was relocated to Tinian in the Marianas sion in the flight testing of nuclear weapons. still went above us." Islands, the B-29 base from which the Japan• Leon, by then a civilian employee of Los Leon was one of six young engineering ese home islands could be struck. Construc• Alamos, again flew with the 509th during graduates of the Army Air Force program at tion of special facilities at Tinian for the 509th Operation Crossroads. In January 1946, a Joint Harvard and MIT who, trained in electronics started in March 1945. Task Force of Army, Navy, and Air Force repre• and radar, were selected by Robert Brode of Los sentatives was organized to determine "the Alamos to work on the Manhattan Project. Training bomb runs over japan effects of the atomic bomb upon naval vessels Brode's Electronic Engineering Group, Fifteen new Silverplate B-29s were specially in order to gain information of value to the from Z Division at Los Alamos, was responsible modified to add electric propellers and fuel• national defense." Ninety-three target vessels for the arming and fuzing of Fat Man and Little injected engines and remove gun turrets -including battleships, aircraft carriers, cruis• Boy. Leon and fellow lieutenants Morris Jepp• (which reduced the weight by 7,000 pounds) ers, destroyers, submarines, landing craft, and son and Philip Barnes were assigned the job of and flown to Tinian. Elimination of the fuse• merchant ships - were carefully spaced and weaponeers for the 509th Composite Group, lage turrets also gave these B-29s higher speed instrumented to measure the effects of the July which was being formed specifically to deliver and higher altitude capability. 1 air, and July 25 underwater, explosions in the the atomic bomb. Leon, Jeppson, and Barnes left Wendover Bikini lagoon. This massive operation required In November 1944, Leon went to Wendover by C-54 on June 25 to continue their training 242 ships, 156 aircraft, and 42,000 people. Field in Utah, where the 509th was training. He with the 509th in Tinian. The training Thirteen B-29s, designated Task Group 1.5 recalls being driven by Brode to an isolated included a half dozen long navigational flights under Brig. Gen. Roger Ramey, were assigned rocky hillside where Brode informed him of his to Iwo Jima (by then American occupied), and duties of weather and radiological reconnais• fuzing duties with the highly secret operation. 16 bombing raids on Japan, in which "pump• sance as well as the bomb drop itself. Practice kins" loaded with high explosives were ballistic drop tests were conducted near Alamo• An innocent question dropped from high altitudes. gordo before the B-29s went on to Kwajalein in "We sat on a rock and Brode told me a little The targets used for the "pumpkins" were the Marshall Islands for the Crossroads tests. about what we were to do," Leon says. "He chosen using two parameters: They were (1) in Leon served as weaponeer for the July 1 air . , described it as a fuzing job with six to seven the general area of possible targets for nuclear drop, which was conducted from a height of cubic feet of available space. I remarked that strikes and (2) had been previously bombed. 32,000 ft. The B-29 commander was Maj. seemed like an awfully large volume for a fuzing These missions were conducted with flights of Woodrow Swancutt. The plane involved was system and innocently asked if this was a bio• two to six B-29s, so the Japanese air spotters the same one on which Leon had stood by for logical or atomic bomb that we were to work on. would become accustomed to seeing small for• the Hiroshima mission. The plane was now Later, I was told that the question got my name mations at high altitudes. named Dave's Dream in memory of a bom• in a black book and resulted in an investigation. bardier with the crew, Dave Semple, who had I wasn't supposed to know so much." Coin flip for who went been killed several months earlier in a crash The 509th was commanded by Col. Paul When the time came for the Aug. 6 mission near Los Lunas, N.M. (see crew photo). Tibbets, who eventually would fly the over Hiroshima, Leon and Jeppson flipped a When the final score was tallied for both Hiroshima mission. Maj. Charles Sweeney coin to see who would aid Navy Capt. William Bikini nuclear tests, all but nine of the 92 target commanded the 393rd Bombardment Parsons, the scientist responsible for Little Boy. ships were either sunk, suffered damage, or Squadron, the combat element of the 509th. Jeppson won, and was aboard Enola Gay on reflected the seriously lingering effects of dan• The unit was officially designated on Dec. 17, the historic flight. Leon says they were so busy gerous radioactive contamination. However, 1944, and ultimately staffed with 225 officers in the preflight checks of the arming and fuz• Crossroads demonstrated to the political lead• and 1,542 enlisted men. ing systems that the historical significance of ers and the Navy that the US fleet was far from Seventeen B-29s were modified at the the toss never occurred to him. obsolete. Although it was determined that Glenn L. Martin Nebraska Co. and delivered to Following VJ Day, the 509th was transferred ships should undergo certain design changes Wendover Field, Utah, in September 1944. to Roswell Army Air Field, N.M., in October (Continued on next page) SANDIA LAB NEWS • July 21, 1995 • Page 7 Former Sandian Ray Brin conducted tests on Fat Man bomb, loaded it for Nagasaki flight Engineer active in Manhattan Project from 7944-46

A retired Sandia engineer, Raymond Brin, machine guns were fired at the units to deter• B-29s to carry out this high-altitude test of a Fat contributed to many aspects of the Manhattan mine armor effectiveness. Man bomb at Bikini. He coordinated installa• Project in 1944-1946. He conducted develop• Seventeen Silverplate B-29s were modified tion of precipitrons (radioactive particle precip• ment tests of the Fat Man bomb and coordi• (for nuclear weapon carriers) at the Glenn L. itators) in the B-29s used for radiological recov• natM nuclear bomb and B-29 aircraft compati• Martin plant in Nebraska and delivered to Wen• ery. Ray helped install radio equipment on bility tests at Los Alamos; Wendover Army Air dover Air Field, Utah, in September 1944. Ray Kwajalein for a communications net between Field, Utah; Kirtland Army Air Field, N.M.; and worked with the 509th Composite Group in air• Kwajalein, Bikini, and Enyriku. He conducted Tinian island in the Marianas. craft liaison- compatibility of the nuclear the B-29 electrical and radio preflight check• Ray was a US Air Force private first class in bombs with the Silverplate B-29s. He supervised outs for all practice aircraft drop tests and for the Army Special Training Program at Ohio the installation of the bomb loading pit and the Crossroads Able drop test of a Fat Man at State University when he was transferred to Los turntable installation, 32,000 feet altitude. Alamos on March 15, 1944, to work on the monitored Ray played a vital role in the epoch-making Manhattan Project. He worked in Division the history of Los E-2 under the direction of Norman Alamos, Ramsey and Bernard Waldman The fuzing system used Hiroshima, until April 1, 1945. He Nagasaki, and helped develop V-Site into to detonate the early atomic bombs Bikini. He a high explosive (HE) The fuzing system on the Little Boy and Fat Man bombs with which Leon Smith worked consisted returned to San- assembly facility, for of multiple radars used in conjunction with timer and barometric pressure switch arming devices. dia in 1948 after mock-up and The main fuzing component was a radar unit named Archie that had been developed from an aircraft graduating in mechanical testing. tail-warning radar unit. The unit bounced its signal off the ground and- at a predetermined altitude above mechanical He then coor• the target, say 2,000 feet - would close a switch, sending the firing signal to the remainder of the fuzing sys• engineering dinated the tem. For reliability, each bomber carried four Archie units, and an agreed reading by any two would initiate from Ohio design and con• the signal. State. He trans• struction of a The first arming device consisted of timer-operated switches. The timers were 15-second delay units, acti• ferred to the B-29 bomb bay vated when arming wires were pulled by the bomb release. The purpose of the timer switches was to prevent new Sandia/Liv• section, which premature detonation in case the Archie unit was activated by signals reflected from the plane itself. ermore branch was mounted The second arming device was a barometric pressure switch that was activated when the bomb dropped to an in 1956 to work on wheels for atmospheric pressure corresponding to an altitude of 7,000 ft. with the mobility, to simu• When both the timer and pressure switches were triggered, the radar signal would detonate the Lawrence Radia• late the Little Boy bomb at the preset altitude. tion Laboratory and Fat Man bomb The controls and monitoring for all these functions were put together in a unit called the Flight Test on weapon proj• installations. For Box, located just aft of the flight engineer in the front compartment of the B-29. Lead-add batteries sup• ects. He was security reasons, the plied the power to the radars and firing system. project leader only airplane equipment It was Leon's responsibility to check out these systems both for the ther• used was the H-frame and ... preflight and during flight to ensure that they monuclear B-15 bomb hoists. The H-frame and weie functioning as designed. bomb. In 1966 release mechanisms were bor- he transferred rowed from the British, who had devel- ""'"" ,$· . tQ Nevada to oped the single bomb lug release mechanism loading of manage the Tonopah Test Range. He held sev• (with sway bracing) for the 12,000-pound the ballistic drop eral middle-manager engineering positions in blockbusters carried by Lancaster bombers. Los test units, conducted in-flight temperature tests Albuquerque before his retirement from Sandia Alamos developed loading techniques and on the first 1560 Fat Man unit, and checked out in 1982. Ray is a member of the National handling equipment, such as hoisting cradles, the B-29 airplane wiring using the Silverplate Atomic Museum Foundation. He recently vol• with this bomb bay mockup. ringout (electrical) box. unteered to chair a committee to restore the Three B-29s from the 509th flew three Fat museum's B-29, which will be renamed Dave's Too many bolts in original Fat Man Man assemblies, less the nuclear material, from Dream. -Randy Maydew Ray conducted many tests of the original Kirtland Army Air Field, N.M., to Mather Army 1222 Fat Man sphere, which evolved into the Air Field, Calif., and then on to Tinian. Ray 1560 Fat Man. He trained others in methods of loaded these bombs for shipment and was the ·Author Randy Maydew assembling the 1222 HE sphere and developed Manhattan Project escort of Fat Man to Tinian. flew B-29s over Japan rear cone attachments for the 1222. (The 1222 He accompanied the Hiroshima standby Fat Man design was subsequently discarded B-29, Big Stink (later named Dave's Dream), Randy Maydew- the author of the because 1,500 bolts were required for the to Iwo Jima as reloading supervisor. His articles on pages 6 and 7 - who retired assembly and because of poor ballistics.) He assignment was to reload Little Boy onto Big in 1991 after a 40-year engineering also conducted cold, vibration, and accelera• Stink if the Enola Gay suffered mechanical career at Sandia, flew 30 missions as an tion shock load tests on HE and inert units. failure and had to make an emergency land• Army Air Force B-29 navigator from Ray worked in Pajarito Canyon on tests of ing on Iwo. He participated in the checkout Saipan to Japan in 1944-45. After getting HE units. The units were dropped eight feet of Bock's Car and the loading of Fat Man his degrees in aeronautical engineering onto a concrete slab to measure explosive sen• onto Bock's Car for the Nagasaki flight. He from the University of Colorado, he sitivity. Both 20 mm cannon and .SO caliber was awarded the Army Commendation Medal worked for three years for the National for his contributions. Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, (Continued from preceding page) From October 1945 to March 1946, Ray then joined Sandia in 1952, He was chief worked for Glenn Fowler (who would later of aerodynamics at Sandia for 23 years, and have radioactive-contamination wash• become a Sandia vice president) in Los Alamos' responsible for the aerodynamic design down systems, the overall conclusion was that Z Division (the Los Alamos branch that moved of nuclear weapons, rockets, and para• "the atomic bomb is not at present, nor will it to Sandia Base in Albuquerque in late 1945 and chutes. His last four years at Sandia were be for some time to come, a practical weapon eventually became Sandia). He checked out spent as managing editor of Sandia for use against a fleet at sea." B-29s for test drops, coordinated a bomb Weapons Review and Sandia Technology. Leon came to work at Sandia in 194 7 as an release mechanism rework program, and Randy still lives in Albuquerque. He engineer of a bomb fuzing group. He was pro• assimilated B-29 information and drawings. says he's enjoying his retirement, keeping moted to Director of Electromechnical Systems From April 1946 to July 1946 he was busy with freelance writing, volunteer in 1961 and held a variety of nuclear engineer• assigned (under the direction of Fowler) to work at the National Atomic Museum ing director positions (Components, Weapons work with Task Group 1.5 of Operation Cross• (he's a Trustee and the museum's techni• Development, Exploratory Weapons Develop• roads. This Army Air Group, commanded by cal editor), and keeping up his pecan ment, Monitoring Systems) until his retirement General Roger M. Ramey and located at farm in Las Cruces, N.M. in 1988. Roswell Army Air Field, N.M., was assigned 13 Mileposts July 1995

Dick Thompson 35 Rena Haynes 15 Robert Luna 30 6351 13918 6652

Fran Nimick 15 David Nokes 35 Harold Tate 15 7582 5900 2481

Tom Workman 35 Owen Berg 35 Lorraine Clayburn 15 Eldon Porter 15 2601 5111 5514 8362

Gerald Van Slambrook 25 Christie O'Shea 15 Paul McKay 25 Donald Bailey 15 Pat Miller 15 9432 8000 9321 7312 8300

/ .i Ralph Keyser 15 Michi Wada 20 Tom Prast 15 9432 2273 8351

john Taylor 20 Richard Ashbaugh 35 Mike Hansen 15 Bruce Wickesberg 40 5006 9419 8281 2674 SANDIA LAB NEWS • July 21, 1995 • Page 9

HARD HAT HEAVEN -Workers remove supports from the outdoor amphitheater at the new Robotic Manu• facturing Science and Engineering Lab (RMSEL) . The RMSEL, which was designed to be accessible for tech• nology transfer tours, also features an outdoor dirt track for testing mobile robots. New construction gives Labs needed space and a facelift HOMER JONES grinds down a weld in the base• ment of the RMSEL. State-of-the-art facilities popping up around Sandia If you've noticed an abundance of bulldoz• features. Pam McKeever (7903) says the main ers, cranes, and dump trucks around the Labs design feature of the facility is a hallway that lately, it's because Sandia is undergoing a con• dissects the building. It will serve as a tour route struction boom. There are more line-item and for technology transfer visits. Pam says most of general plant projects (GPP) under way at San• the laboratories have windows facing the center dia now than ever before. Currently, 15 build• hallway so visitors can observe the work being ings are under construction, with projects total• done inside the labs. Other features include an ing $241.5 million. outdoor amphithe• "This is an ater for lectures and extremely busy time demonstrations and for our project man• a dirt track to test 11 ~ ~ * r:.~ agement teams, r , .. -· j ·--~ mobile robots . says Don Glidewell And there's of Corporate Con• more. The Non• struction Program nuclear Reconfigu• Office 7903. "Virtu• ration (NNR) com• ally every line-item plex relocates building under con• several non-nuclear struction is unique programs to Sandia, in its design and including the Neu• function. It provides tron Generator pro• some interesting gram from the challenges to our Pinellas plant in design and con• Florida and the Mil• struction teams. 11 liwatt Generator Don says the Heat Source pro• new Center for gram from the National Security Mound plant in and Arms Control Ohio. The new (CNSAC) building i Explosive Compo• presents unique nents Facility (ECF), challenges because ~~, Ii located northeast of I it must be designed I Area 2, houses and built to security - " explosives labora• standards not tory areas and applied to other TILE TIME- jimmy Lujan of Business Environments remote explosive facilities. Don says lays tile in the new Center for National Security and storage magazines. separate areas Arms Control (CNSAC) building, a four-story facil• Development of within the building ity expected to be occupied in 1996. weapons evalua• have their own ele- tion, explosive and vators, stairs, and security systems. Treaty veri• neutronic components, and power sources will fication, arms control, and related technical be the primary tasks performed at the ECF. activities are the main tasks that will be per• In addition to these line-item projects, formed at the facility, which is expected to be there are several general plant projects going occupied in 1996. on at Sandia. These include the construction of The new Robotic Manufacturing Science and small new facilities and the expansion of exist• BEAM ME UP- Steelworkers tighten bolts at the Engineering Lab (RMSEL), expected to be com• ing facilities. Don says there are three generic two-story RMSEL. Completion of the RMSEL is pleted by January 1997, also has many unique (Continued on page 10) scheduled for january 1997. SANDIA LAB NEWS • july 21, 1995 • Page 10 Medical options (Continued from page 5)

Dorothy says. Procurement Center 10200 han• dled the competitive procurement, and the process was directed by Sandia contracting rep• resentative Dan Salmen (10244). Some of the criteria important to the selection process were: Physician Usage. Are the family physicians and specialists in the network matched closely with the physicians that Sandians are using? A database of compiled usage for 1994 was used to determine which network most closely matched the group of physicians Sandians use, and this database was used as part of the selection criteria. Quality. What process does the administra• tor use for selecting and retaining physicians and hospitals within the network? Are there centers of excellence that build on quality processes to treat certain illnesses? How is the WIRED- An electrician installs wiring in the Integrated Manufacturing Design Facility (IMDF). An average of network managed? 700 construction workers are on site every day at Sandia. Accessibility. Is all necessary medical care, including specialist care, close to where Sandi• most construction that has been accom• ans live and work? Are there enough physicians Construction plished in one year in the history of Sandia. with open practices to offer acceptable waiting (Continued from page 9) One of the key factors in getting all of this times for appointments and urgent care? work done is emphasis on teamwork. It takes Choice. Are there enough physicians and GPP buildings currently under construction, the combined efforts of many individuals and hospitals to offer a range of choice within the with more planned for the near future. engineering and scientific disciplines to inte• network for Sandians? "This has been a very productive year for grate customer and stakeholder requirements, Long-term cost management. Can a Triple Sandia's Corporate Construction Program," as well as satisfy DOE orders and federal and Option Plan be effectively administered for a says program manager Jim Furaus. "It is the local regulations." reasonable charge? Are costs controlled by eliminating waste and inappropriate charges? "We reviewed all the medical proposals received, keeping in mind Sandians' needs," Larry says, "and I believe an excellent network has been secured through Prudential ... The other coverages being presented will also help Sandians who want additional benefits."

Other emnJqyers I o(:i[ripl / .tion

RACING INTO THE FUTURE- US Senator jeff Bingaman prepares to race a solar car against Shaun Tsabet• saye, a Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute (SIPI) student from Zuni pueblo. Sen. Bingaman visited SIPI students july 6 at Sandia's Solar Tower, where students demonstrated their solar energy.projects developed over the summer as part of SIPI's intensive six-week summer program. The DOE-sponsored SIPI program pro• vides Native American high school students from all parts of the US with the skills, knowledge, and motiva• tion to pursue a college degree in math, science, or technology. Ten Sandians are serving as SIPI project men• tors this summer, including Walter Worobey (2411 ), who is giving 1 0 students a physics, chemistry, and electronics background to help them understand solar energy. Walter says his students are "very bright, enthusiastic- it's hard to keep up with them." Ruth Bitsui (3613), Sandia's SIPI program coordinator, says the program is just ending its second year but administrators can already be proud of its success: a former SIPI student, impressed with a SIPI field trip to Lawrence Livermore's supercomputing facilities and the Uni• versity of California (UC), Berkeley, is now enrolled at UC studying computer science.

~Fun&Games Tennis - Results for the Round-Robin Doubles and Diane Cloud placed first in Mixed Doubles, and Tennis Tournament played july 8-9 at the Coronado second went to Fred and Sara Cericola (ret.). Club tennis courts: First place Men's Doubles went to *** Cliff Ho (6115) and Gary Porter (USAF), and second Bowling- SANDOE Bowling Association to joe Ruggles (13314) and john Wolfe (5921). In April/May Bowlers-of-the-Month include: Scratch• tJ Congratulations Women's Do~bles, Shigeko Porter and Tomoko Ron van Theemsche (2709), 682, and Rena Yellowrobe Hisaki took first place, and second place honors went (6423), 548; Handicap- Fred Gunckel (ret.), 664 and To Teresa Garpstas and Rex LeGalley to Carmen Allen (9215) and Yuko Hirayama. Doug 700, and Uz Domme-Hansen (10502), 506 and 668. (13914), married in Kauai, Hawaii, July 11. SANDIA LAB NEWS • july 21, 1995 • Page 11

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We will also Henry, 296-1781. 3.8 cu. ft., $1 00; TV, RCA, Xll 00, strictly enforce the word limit ' 89 CHEV. CORSICA, V6, 4-dr., PS, widebody racquets, $25; stereo 19-in. color, S75 . Vanleeuwen, AC, stereo, good condition, 3-BDR. DW, Tijeras, 2-wooded acres, rack, walnut finish, $15. Horn, and ask your help to keep ads as 1,568 sq. ft., island kitchen, 24 x 296-6767. short as possible. $3,000. Voelkel, (510) 455-4389. 821-6721. HOTPOINT WASHER, heavy-duty, ' 81 FORD F1 00 PICKUP, 6-cyl., 4- 30, 2 baths, 2 car garage, redwood COLORADO BLUE SPRUCE (6ft. & very Whirlpool dryer, electric, large-capac• Ad Rules spd., short-wide body, $2,000. deck, $92,000. Carillo, 281-7~59. healthy), digging & delivery nego• ity, $300/pair. Epperson, 888-3155. 1. Limit 18 words, including last Marquez, 873-4702. 4.19 ACRES, east Sandia M?unt~1ns, tiable, Sl20. Sauck, 856-5472. ELECTRIC LAWN MOWER, Black & name and home phone (the '83 MEGNA, V45-750, $3,000 OBO; Magic Valley, breathtaking v1ews, utilities, 20 min. from Albuqueque, BEDROOM SET, Bassett, walnut Decker, 18-in. electric, $40; c?v-. Lab News will edit longer ads). '83 Buick Regal, 6 cyl., S2,500 (light) dresser, mirror, nigh.tstand, $63,900. Gabbard, 294-6904 or ered cat litter box, new, $4. L1pp1s, 2. Include organization and full OBO, both vehicles excellent con• headboard, frame, box spnng, ex• (510) 833-1933. 898-8429. name with the ad submission. dition. Ortiz, 766-5676. cellent condition, $250. Myers, 3-BDR. HOME, 2 baths, open & light COLOR TV, Zenith, 25 in., $11 0; wa• 3. No phone-ins. '79 FIAT CONVERTIBLE, new top, 271-1525. ter-skiing equipment, top-of-the• good repaint, exc.ellent overall floor plan, vaulted ceilings, 4+ yrs. FREE ROCK, u-haul-it, 4.5 cubic 4. Use 8• /2-by 11-inch paper. old in Nor Este Estates, LaCueva line, $75 ea. OBO; 35mm Rolle• 5. Type or print ad legibly; use condition, 72K m1les, $3,000. yards, coarse garden size. flex, $50. Schowers, 822-8494. Salmen, 881-8612. sch~ols, $154,900. York, 828-9505. Stephens, 766-6674. accepted abbreviations. 5-BDR. HOME, nice family neighbor• GAS MOWER, $20; Coleman gas 6. One ad per issue. '93 MAZDA MIATA, 1,500 miles, as FREE KITIENS, 3 black/gray males, 2 lantern, $1 0; black plastic tubi~g, new condition, garaged & covered, hood, near Academy, new roof, female calicos, ready now. Wad• 7. We will not run the same for 2,300 sq. ft., 2 story, S158,000. 1" ID x 1 00', $5; used law cha1rs, sale or wanted ad more than lots of extras. Marl man, 883-8660. doups, 865-7952. $2 ea. Hayes, 299-1200. '90 BRONCO II, 5-spd., AC, 4 WD, Reese, 828-0113. twice. PRECIOUS MOMENTS COLLECTION, SWIVEL STOOL, w/footrail, padded excellent condition, AM/FM, 75K 3-BDR. HOME, 1 yr. old, 2-11_2 .baths, 8. No "for rent" ads except for $35 to $1 00. Wenzelburger, seat & back, new condition, S15. (highway miles), $7,800. Sais, living room, loft, formal d1n1ng, employees on temporary as- 256-9370, after 5 p.m. Siegrist, 293-4148. 864-6986 or 423-3218. 2 000 sq. ft., two story, signment. SUPER SINGLE WATERBED W /S, like new, WASHER/DRYER SET, Maytag, excel• '50 WILLY'S JEEP, w/canvas top, 12V T~amway/Lomas area, S205,000. No commercial ads. Western headboard; electric range lent condition, BOO/pair; couch 9. electrical, new front hubs, good Brockett, 294-7304. w/hood vent Garcia, 343-8207. & loveseat, good condition, S1 00 10. For active and retired Sandians condition, runs great, $1,600 TWO 2.5 ACRE LOTS, Pine Meadow CLARINET, Bundy, excellent condition, OBO. Vigil, 899-0046. and DOE employees. OBO. Grasser, 271-9603. Ranches near Ramah, NM, valued used only 1 yr., $250. Sorenson, PC-RAM 1 x9 SIMM, 1MB, 4 ea. 3- 11. Housing listed for sale is avail- '85 NISSAN STANZA, original owner, at S6,500 ea., will sell $6,100 298-1593. chip,' S120; 4 ea. 9-chip, S1 00, al I able for occupancy without re- 46K miles, excellent condition: each OBO. Holloway, 294-5815. 35MM CAMERA, Minolta, SLR, in• $200. Mix, 299-7547. gard to race, creed, color, or $3 250· '81 Chev. Silverado piCk• 3-BDR. HOME, University area, 2 cludes Model X-370N, MD28- CORNET, Bundy, classic, complete national origin. up: S2,SOO. Anderson, 883-2647. baths, 1,980 sq. ft., on large corner 70/3.5-4.8 zoom lens, MD 50/1.7 restoration, Serial #23276, best o f- 12. "Work Wanted" ads limited '91 FORD MUSTANG, low miles, CD lot workshop, fenced backyard, lens, electroflash model 220X, fer to recover repair costs of to student-aged children of player, superb condition, S1 0,500 S1 '74,500. Hotchkiss, 256-0848. $495. Kaiser, 828-1660. . $278.71. Guthrie, 888-4341. employees. OBO. Brown, 266-1653. 4-BDR. BRICK HOME, new pitched roof, COLOR LITHO$: Cia's "Periko Lund"; EUROPEAN DOUBLE BED, w/mattresS, '85 FORD F-150, 4x4, AC, dual tanks, great yard, Menaul & Tramway, Bendell's "Miss America Pageant $75; Smith-Corona electric. type- 92K miles, 4-spd., 5.0L, EFI V8, long S169,500. Pohl, 299-1087. '87"; rare Asian art poster, $40 GLASS-TOP TABLE, black wrought• writer, $30; Sharp ele~tron1c com• iron, 42-in. diameter, w/4 match• bed, S3,850. Wernicke, 298-4819. OBO. O'Keeffe, 899-7661. bination typewriter/pnnter, S1 00. '62 CHEV. FLATBED, 20ft., C60 man• TRAILER HITCH, fits '81 and later 900 ing cushioned chairs, S1 00 firm. WANTED Tibbetts, 293-2856. Farrell, 881-2443. ual, hi-low rear end, V8 engine, series Saab, except '90-'91 SPG, BAR, imported wood from Guatemala, good body, tires & upholstery, new $180, will sell for $35. Horton, BIKE RACK, Yakima, dual, upright w/built-in wine rack & glass rack, mounting, locks, towers, cross $2,500. Armstrong, 888-1887. VINYL MINI BLINDS, 42" x 44" wide, 64" 883-7504. w/2 stools, $400. Wernicke, '86 FORD MUSTANG GT, 5.0, fully long, need three. Baker, 888-42~0: MAYTAG GAS DRYER, free; 30-gal. bars, upright lock jaws, used once, 298-4819. S190. Church, 281-5215. loaded, T-top, low mileage, excel• FREE PLANTS, for Club House~ a~lfl­ electric water heater, $25 OBO. SECTIONAL, beautiful, purchased @ lent condition, all records, manu• cial or real, any size, will piCk 1t up. jackson, 281-8927. MOVING SALE: woodburning stove, La-Z-Boy Galleries on 5/25 for w/forced-air options, best offer; als, $5,500. Rivera, 299-2834. Wagner, 823-9323. WATERBED, king-size, mattress & $2,450, brand new, will sell for '71 MERCEDES 280$, 4-dr., AT, AC, PS, FRENCH SPEAKERS for lunchtime con• heater, HIB premium support K (Ul• couch, S75; microwave, $50; dry• $1,850 firm. Milliman, 291-8105. er, S1 00; kitchen items. Rector, PB, perfectly maintained & dri~en, ver.satiOfl, weekly or bi-weekly. tra R), $50. Bouchard, 831-4766. GATEWAY, 486DX33, 8MB RAM, always garaged, white w/blue Inte• Dale, 291-9020. SOFA & CHAIR, $200; 1.3 cu.ft. ~efriger­ 286-1217. 200 MB HD, 14-in. non-interlaced HANDGUNS, .22 Beretta, semi-auto, rior, $9,500. Richards, 296-2272. BOAT MOTOR, 25-hp or larger, in good ator, $60; 5-pc. oak-veneer d1nette SVGA monitor, sound blaster card, '89 FORD TEMPO, metallic red, gray in• condition. Dempsey, 281-9101 . set (new $399), $225. El, 891-5732. w/tip barrel; Charter Arms .4~ speakers, $900. Gelet, 897-5042. special revolver, Pachmyer gnps, terior, PS, PB, AC, 65K miles, $3,299 NEED ENGINE, transmission from '67 GREEN SOFA, w/wood trim, $150; gray CELLULAR BLINDS, Hunter Doug!~s, make offer. Zamorski, 293-7706. VW squareback/fastback; also Sub• dash cover for '94 Dodge Shadow, $150 ea. Dodson, 271-0468. ivory or salmon, perfect cond1t1on, '93 SUBARU LOY ALE WAGON, fro~t­ aru 360 parts, 1 0-in. tires. Roberts, $15. McDonald, 265-9646. MULTI-USE ROWER/EXERCISER, $35; pole rods w/brackets, natural new tan LBB coats, $3 ea.; electric wheel drive, 5-spd MIT, 32K mlle.s, 866-5422. SEGA GENESIS SYSTEM 2, w/4 con• wood. Hill, 856-6423. AC, PS, PB, white, excellent condi• NORDICTRACK SKI EXERCISER, Excel trollers, including 2 cordless, 5 heaters, $5 & $15. Goodwin, TENNIS RACKET, Prince CTS Synergy 294-6702. tion, $9,500. Stueber, 867-3074. model or better. Lennox, 821-0474. games including Mortal Ko~bat 2 DB 26, grip size 4-3/8, like new '87 MAZDA RX-7 SPORT, blue, 5-spd., HEALTH-RIDER or Aerobic-ride. Bonzon, & NBA JAM TE, $225. Mart1nez, MOVING: Gulbransen premiere or• condition, $50 OBO. Zanders, gan, $1,375; 54-in. Weber baby alloy wheels, AC, cassette, good ti~s, 828-1066. 873-0530. 856-7857. less than 50K miles, excellent condi• STIHL CHAIN SAW, Models 038, 044 WINDOW AIR CONDmONER, $25; row• grand piano, $2,550, excellent UTILITY TRAILER, $250; washer & dry• condition. Conant, 884-8546. tion, $7,500. Mattern, 856-6313. or 051. Wright, 296-3850. ing machine, like new, $50; kitchen er $250· freezer, S1 00; tree QUILTER$ to contribute "Card Tri~k" table, $15. Gentry, 298-3574. WOOD CABINETS, w/wh. formica tops, st~nds, S45 ea.; coffee table, $20. never installed, $250; travertine block for charity quilt, also tak1ng CHOICE BURIAL PLQTS, Sunset & M. Knight, 839-0948. RECREATIONAL new members for quilting club. Gardens, bargain pri~e. Babcock, marble coffee tables, moving, must REFRIGERATOR/FREEZER, S125. Os• sell, $350. Gonzales, 877-7747. Gregory, 245-9309, call Cindy. 299-3121, for more 1nfo leave burn, 286-1 758. '85-'87 BIG WHEEL MOTORCYCLE, message. MOUNTAIN BIKE, $175. Eikelberg, RABBITS, free to good homes. Fischer, 296-0899. Yamaha 350 or 200E. Dramer, VIOLIN, bow & case, excellent condi• 296-6122, leave message. 821-8107, leave message. . tion, $350. Marder, 291-8140. TRANSPORTATION BOY'S MOUNTAIN BIKE, 24-in. Huffy, SLEEPER SOFA, couch; antique secre• excellent condition, very little use, ROOMMATE to share expenses w/sln• WEDDING GOWN, size 6/8, chantilly tary; maple dinette; Brother's word gle mother of one son, 4-bdr. mo• '93 NISSAN SENTRA E, 4-dr., AC, PB, S60. Langwell, 293-2728. lace bodice & train, empire waist, processor; Whirlpool; chest; com• bile home, located at 125 & San full-length mantilla veil, simple but antilock, PS, low miles, must. sell, KAWASAKI KX-80, runs perfect, S650. puter/monitor. Dunivan, 296-3937. Lachenmeyer, 268-7818. Antonio. Crosby, 858-3128. elegant, $100. Seyfer, 292-0179. MOVING SALE: drafting table, air com• great condition, S9,750. Sm1th, BUILDING MATERIALS, used or new, 292-6425. BICYCLE, 1 0-speed, Sears Free Spirit, SKIL JIGSAW, 1/3-hp, variable speed, pressor, table saw, shredder, camper cheap or free, will haul. Fenimore, S25· Skil circular S

Cutting government paperwork and Coronado Club July 21 - Friday night buffet/dance. learning about the environment $7.95 all-you-can-eat buffet, 6-9 p.m. High School students simplify 400-page Sandia report to J0 pages Music by Three Legged Willie, 7-11 p.m. July 23-Sunday brunch buffet, 10 am.- By Kathy Kuhlmann class, consisting of students of different ability 2 p.m. $7.95 adult members, $8.95 guests, Media Relations Dept. 12621 levels, received four chapters of the environ• $2.95 for children 4 to 12, free for chil• mental report- air quality surveillance, dren 3 and under. Music for buffet by A group of local high school students have ground water monitoring, terrestrial surveil• Bob Weiler and Los Gatos, 1-4 p.m. done their part to help reduce the amount of lance, and water monitoring - and was asked July 27, Aug. 3, 10, 17-Thursday paperwork in the government. to provide comments, which formed the basis bingo nights. Card sales and buffet start Last fall, students at Rio Grande High of the 10-page summary. Almost 60 students at 5 p.m., early birds' bingo at 6:45 p.m. School (RGHS) in Albuquerque and some San• participated in the program during the recently Aug. 4- Friday night buffet/dance. dia employees began working together to sim• completed school year. $7.95 all-you-can-eat buffet, 6-9 p.m. plify a massive environmental report and in "The program brought the real world into ·Music by Isleta Poorboys, 7-11 p.m. the process, learned from each other. the classroom," said Margaret. "It forced the Aug. 6- Sunday brunch buffet, Students in the "School within a School" students to think beyond their normal daily 10 a.m.-2 p.m. $7.95 adult members, program received sections of Sandia's extensive activities and routines. I think it's easier for $8.95 guests, $2.95 for children 4 to 12, Annual Site Environmental Monitoring Report them to learn when they can link what they're free for children 3 and under. Music for so they could provide their comments and learning to reality." buffet by So Rare, 1-4 p.m. opinions. The report, a public document pre• This mini-course in environmental report• Aug. 11 (Friday) - Kids' bingo night. pared by Sandia for DOE, focuses on the Labs' ing was supplemented by weekly classroom Buffet, 5 p.m., with cartoons and movies. work and compliance in environmental protec• presentations from Sandia scientists and two Bingo starts at 7 p.m. Free hot dog and tion and monitoring. In its full form, the report field trips to the Labs. In addition, as a class soft drink for all kids playing bingo. assignment each participating stu• dent had to design an air filter, based ~Welcome on the knowledge New Mexico- Michael Lord (6749), James he or she had Ramsey (6749), Christine Stockman (6749) gained about air California- Mark Christon (1513) monitoring. Massachusetts-Janet Wang (215 1) The students Nevada- Cindy Hemphill (12820) who exhibited out• Utah -Mark Grazier (6117) standing achieve• ment in the envi• ronmental cur• this month in the past... riculum, including both the air filter project and class participation, were recognized at an RGHS ceremony. The winners, Daniel 40 years ago ... On the lOth anniver• Ramirez and Rita sary of the Trinity test shot, unleashed in Apodaca - they'll a deserted section of the Alamogordo Air be sophomores this Base, the Lab News recalled: "At 5:30a.m., fall - were offered July 16, 1945, there occurred the ENVIRONMENTAL EXCELLENCE- Daniel Ramirez and Rita Apodaca, ninth graders at Rio Grande High School, work on an "environmental pinata," made an opportunity to 'unprecedented, magnificent, beautiful, from recycled newspapers, as teacher Margaret Palladino watches. Daniel and work at Sandia on and terrifying' detonation of the world's Rita excelled in a Sandia-sponsored environmental curriculum this past year and ecological surveil• first nuclear fission bomb." were awarded with offers of summer employment at Sandia to continue work lance and air moni• on environmental programs. toring projects and 35 years ago ... The Atomic Energy on the next version Commission conferred its Award of runs approximately 400 pages, daunting read• of the condensed environmental report. They Honor on Sandia's Livermore Laboratory ing for even the most interested individual. also received certificates and day packs. for passing the 3 million man-hour mark The students worked to create a readable The ceremony also included interactive with an exceptional safety recerd. Attest• 10-page version of the full report. This super• environmental demonstrations by Sandians, ing to the Livermore Lab's fine record, condensed interpretation will be made avail• photo displays of the students working on air San dian John Rogers was featured in a able to those on the standard distribution list and water monitoring projects over the past Lab News photo, holding a severely dam• as well as to local libraries and schools late this year, and information about jobs at Sandia. aged safety shoe that saved John from summer. The summary describes, in nontech• A curriculum is currently being reviewed injuries when a quarter-ton chunk of nical terms, the environmental monitoring and developed for a similar program for next metal fell on his foot. John was obviously work Sandia does. school year. shaken, though, as the photo caption said The idea for this program originated last he "now wears safety shoes wherever he summer in Sandia's Air Quality Dept 7575, goes - even walking or dancing." whose staff were interested in educating students about science and in making the Did you know? 30 years ago ... Sandia's Livermore environmental document more readable. Laboratory received this letter from a $3 a week provides care for one day The department's near-term goal was to schoolboy in England who had seen a shorten the full report by at least 100 pages. for a disabled person whose family Sandia ad in Scientific American: "I am Stephanie Pope, a University of New needs temporary help caring very interested in explosives, and I was Mexico undergraduate biology student con• for the person? wondering if you could send me litera• tracted to work for Sandia, was assigned to ture on what you do at Livermore. I carry out this educational project. Stephanie - Ernest C. Philanthrope would also be very grateful if you could worked with Margaret Palladino, an RGHS sci• send me some 'recipes' of explosives I ence teacher. Together they developed the cur• might be able to make in the school labo• riculum for the Environmental Monitoring ratory here." San dian George Damoulos Report Education Program. sent the student a copy of Sandia Science The "school within a school," which com• and Engineering and referred him to the bines math, science, and English, with an Employee Contribution Pllln Atomic Weapons Research Establishment emphasis on computer technology, seemed Building our community with unity in England. ideal for introducing the new curriculum. Each