Project Physics Text 6, the Nucleus. INSTITUTION Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass
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WINTER 2013 - Volume 60, Number 4 the Air Force Historical Foundation Founded on May 27, 1953 by Gen Carl A
WINTER 2013 - Volume 60, Number 4 WWW.AFHISTORICALFOUNDATION.ORG The Air Force Historical Foundation Founded on May 27, 1953 by Gen Carl A. “Tooey” Spaatz MEMBERSHIP BENEFITS and other air power pioneers, the Air Force Historical All members receive our exciting and informative Foundation (AFHF) is a nonprofi t tax exempt organization. Air Power History Journal, either electronically or It is dedicated to the preservation, perpetuation and on paper, covering: all aspects of aerospace history appropriate publication of the history and traditions of American aviation, with emphasis on the U.S. Air Force, its • Chronicles the great campaigns and predecessor organizations, and the men and women whose the great leaders lives and dreams were devoted to fl ight. The Foundation • Eyewitness accounts and historical articles serves all components of the United States Air Force— Active, Reserve and Air National Guard. • In depth resources to museums and activities, to keep members connected to the latest and AFHF strives to make available to the public and greatest events. today’s government planners and decision makers information that is relevant and informative about Preserve the legacy, stay connected: all aspects of air and space power. By doing so, the • Membership helps preserve the legacy of current Foundation hopes to assure the nation profi ts from past and future US air force personnel. experiences as it helps keep the U.S. Air Force the most modern and effective military force in the world. • Provides reliable and accurate accounts of historical events. The Foundation’s four primary activities include a quarterly journal Air Power History, a book program, a • Establish connections between generations. -
Lead Isotopes As Indicators of Environ Contamination from U Mining
._ .- - Preprint LA-UR-78-2147 , Title: LEAD ISOTOPES AS INDICATORS OF ENVIRONt1 ENTAL CONTAMINATION FRCM THE URANIUM MINING AND MILLING INDUSTRY IN THE GRANTS MINERAL BELT, NEW MEXICO Author (s): David B. Curtis and A. J. Gancarz 'k |- . 9 M/ - ' # - L .. %|.RkN: %| * & ,AQ' ,,7 ,e- d*157 ff' k g*/h T .s .. ; f*M & f g W , w -e ~ - " f:} + - pYW pm K .A ,W.% :M & Lw< *b* ? --~ k Y Q Q A -ell' 2_W h _ -- $| - f.s c t Q & Ye # C4HEhreSE33rzgmF %gh gM n [,315 ? M e % @N Y $ $ j3 h e fe l 2 D S $s - - #5 ~N [ ' & 9; - - - f _ '- ~ w e- * g r e w w 2 P As Nc- ' ** * -- - - - - $%y~ - . 9 . j'*( -, ' & . i .- f 1 * - -- ** -- e=* -h .Mr g g* ~ A _. y . gh(An ,, - ?fw h. y C: *, 1% * ~ ?, ?hSlh$i $ ': ffg w s - gp$lQ?$4$5;.>qgg - , .. INS is a Wegint of a paper intended for publication in 4 * '" M jour'ai or procet%1 ergs. Because changes rnay be made before f h , ' , publicction, this preprint is seiade available with the under. f ,- ' , starviing that it will not be died or reproduced without the * +' % '""'***'*C**' " permiss;or of the author, ') O 9 7 - _. _ _ . _ _ _ . _ - _ 0808.0 [ L * ' * . Q - 42 - 72 2)<f y . 1 LEAD ISOTOPES AS INDICATORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION FROM THE URANIUM MINING AND MILI.ING INDUSTitY .IN THE GRANIS MINERAL BELT, NEW NEXICO David B. Curtis and A. J. Gancar2 Los Alamos Scientine Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA The unique isotopie composition oflead from uranium ores can be useful in studying ihe impact of ore processing efHuents on the env:ronment. -
Chemistry: the Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
REVISED CONFIRMING PAGES The Components of Matter 2.1 Elements, Compounds, and 2.5 The Atomic Theory Today 2.8 Formula, Name, and Mass of Mixtures: An Atomic Overview Structure of the Atom a Compound 2.2 The Observations That Led to Atomic Number, Mass Number, and Binary Ionic Compounds an Atomic View of Matter Atomic Symbol Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Mass Conservation Isotopes Ions Definite Composition Atomic Masses of the Elements Acid Names from Anion Names Multiple Proportions 2.6 Elements: A First Look at the Binary Covalent Compounds The Simplest Organic Compounds: Dalton’s Atomic Theory Periodic Table 2.3 Straight-Chain Alkanes Postulates of the Atomic Theory Organization of the Periodic Table Masses from a Chemical Formula How the Atomic Theory Explains Classifying the Elements Representing Molecules with a the Mass Laws Compounds: An Introduction 2.7 Formula and a Model to Bonding 2.4 The Observations That Led to Mixtures: Classification and the Nuclear Atom Model The Formation of Ionic Compounds 2.9 Separation Discovery of the Electron and The Formation of Covalent An Overview of the Components of Its Properties Compounds Matter Discovery of the Atomic Nucleus (a) (b) (right) ©Rudy Umans/Shutterstock IN THIS CHAPTER . We examine the properties and composition of matter on the macroscopic and atomic scales. By the end of this chapter, you should be able to • Relate the three types of matter—elements or elementary substances, compounds, and mixtures—to the simple chemical entities that they comprise—atoms, ions, and molecules; -
Pp-03-25-New Dots.Qxd 10/23/02 2:41 PM Page 778
pp-03-25-new dots.qxd 10/23/02 2:41 PM Page 778 778 PRAESODYMIUM PRAESODYMIUM [7440–10–0] Symbol Pr; atomic number 59; atomic weight 140.908; a lanthanide–series rare earth element; belongs to the cerium group of rare earths; electron con- figuration [Xe] 4f36s2; partially filled f subshell; valence states +3, +4; most 3+ stable oxidation state +3; electrode potential E°/V (aq) for Pr + 3e¯ ↔ Pr is –2.35 V; atomic radius 1.828 Å; first ionization potential 5.46 eV; one natu- rally–occurring isotope, Pr–141; twenty–nine artificial radioactive isotopes known in the mass range 124, 126–140 and 142–154; the longest–lived isotope Pr–143, t1/2 13.57 day, and the shortest–lived isotope Pr–124, t1/2 1.2 second. History, Occurrence, and Uses Mosander extracted from the mineral lanthana a rare earth fraction, named didymia in 1841. In 1879, Boisbaudran separated a rare earth oxide called samaria (samarium oxide) from the didymia fraction obtained from the mineral samarskite. Soon after that in 1885, Baron Auer von Welsbach iso- lated two other rare earths from didymia. He named them as praseodymia (green twin) and neodymia (new twin) after their source didymia (twin). The name praseodymium finally was assigned to this new element, derived from the two Greek words, prasios meaning green and didymos meaning twin. Praseodymium occurs in nature associated with other rare earths in a rel- atively high abundance. It is more abundant than some common metals such as silver, gold, or antimony. The average concentration of this metal in the earth’s crust is estimated to be 8.2 mg/kg. -
Po and Pb in the Terrestrial Environment
Current Advances in Environmental Science (CAES) 210Po and 210Pb in the Terrestrial Environment Bertil R.R. Persson Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University S-22185 LUND, Sweden [email protected] Abstract- The natural sources of 210Po and 210Pb in the meat at high northern latitudes. This was, however, of terrestrial environment are from atmospheric deposition, soil natural origin and no evidence of significant contributions and ground water. The uptake of radionuclides from soil to of 210Po from the atomic bomb test was found. The most plant given as the soil transfer factor, varies widely between significant radionuclides in the fallout from the atmospheric various types of crops with an average about ± atomic bomb-test of importance for human exposure were The atmospheric deposition of 210Pb and 210Po also affect the 137Cs and 90Sr [4]. activity concentrations in leafy plants with a deposition th 210 210 transfer factor for Pb is in the order of 0.1-1 (m2.Bq-1) plants During the 1960 century the presence of Pb and and for root fruits it is < 0.003, Corresponding values for 210Po 210Po was extensively studied in human tissues and are about a factor 3 higher. particularly in Arctic food chains [4-20]. The activity concentration ratios between milk and various types of forage for 210Pb were estimated to ± and for In December of 2006, former Russian intelligence 210Po to ±By a daily food intake of 16 kg dry matter operative Alexander Litvinenko died from ingestion of a 210 210 per day the transfer coefficient Fm. for Pb was estimated to few g of Po. -
Cyclotron Produced Lead-203 P
Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pgmj.51.601.751 on 1 November 1975. Downloaded from Postgraduate Medical Journal (November 1975) 51, 751-754. Cyclotron produced lead-203 P. L. HORLOCK M. L. THAKUR L.R.I.C. M.Sc., Ph.D. I. A. WATSON M.Sc. MRC Cyclotron Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 OHS Introduction TABLE 1. Isotopes of lead Radioactive isotopes of lead occur in the natural Isotope Half-life Principal y energy radioactive series and have been used as decay 194Pb m * tracers since the early days of radiochemistry. These 195Pb 17m * are 210Pb (ti--204 y, radium D), 212Pb (t--10. 6 h, 96Pb 37 m * thorium B) and 214Pb (t--26.8 m, radium B) all of 197Pb 42 m * which are from occurring decay 197pbm 42 m * separated naturally 198pb 24 h * products ofradium or thorium. There are in addition 19spbm 25 m * Protected by copyright. to these a number of other radioactive isotopes of 199Pb 90 m * lead which can be produced artificially with the aid 19spbm 122 m * of a nuclear reactor or a accelerator 20OPb 21-5 h ** 0-109 to 0-605 (complex) charge particle (daughter radiations) (Table 1). 2Pb 9-4 h * There are at least three criteria in choosing the 0oipbm 61 s * radioactive isotope for in vitro tracer studies. First, 20pb 3 x 105y *** TI X-rays, (daughter it should emit radiation which is easily detected. radiations) have a half-life to 202pbm 3-62 h * Secondly, it should long enough aPb 52-1 h ** 0-279 (81%) 0-401 (5%) 0-680 permit studies without excessive radioactive decay 203pbm 6-1 s * (0-9%) (no daughter occurring but not so long that waste disposal radiations) creates a problem. -
Copyright by Paul Harold Rubinson 2008
Copyright by Paul Harold Rubinson 2008 The Dissertation Committee for Paul Harold Rubinson certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Containing Science: The U.S. National Security State and Scientists’ Challenge to Nuclear Weapons during the Cold War Committee: —————————————————— Mark A. Lawrence, Supervisor —————————————————— Francis J. Gavin —————————————————— Bruce J. Hunt —————————————————— David M. Oshinsky —————————————————— Michael B. Stoff Containing Science: The U.S. National Security State and Scientists’ Challenge to Nuclear Weapons during the Cold War by Paul Harold Rubinson, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August 2008 Acknowledgements Thanks first and foremost to Mark Lawrence for his guidance, support, and enthusiasm throughout this project. It would be impossible to overstate how essential his insight and mentoring have been to this dissertation and my career in general. Just as important has been his camaraderie, which made the researching and writing of this dissertation infinitely more rewarding. Thanks as well to Bruce Hunt for his support. Especially helpful was his incisive feedback, which both encouraged me to think through my ideas more thoroughly, and reined me in when my writing overshot my argument. I offer my sincerest gratitude to the Smith Richardson Foundation and Yale University International Security Studies for the Predoctoral Fellowship that allowed me to do the bulk of the writing of this dissertation. Thanks also to the Brady-Johnson Program in Grand Strategy at Yale University, and John Gaddis and the incomparable Ann Carter-Drier at ISS. -
Proton-Induced Cross-Sections of Nuclear Reactions on Lead up to 37 Mev
Proton-induced cross-sections of nuclear reactions on lead up to 37 MeV F. Ditroi´ a,∗, F. Tark´ anyi´ a, S. Takacs´ a, A. Hermanneb aInstitute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (ATOMKI), Debrecen, Hungary bCyclotron Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium Abstract Excitation function of proton induced nuclear reactions on lead for production of 206;205;204;203;202;201gBi, 203cum;202m;201cumPb and 202cum;201cum;200cum;199cumTl radionuclides were measured up to 36 MeV by using activation method, stacked foil irradiation technique and ?-ray spectrometry. The new experimental data were compared with the few earlier experimental results and with the predictions of the EMPIRE 3.1, ALICE-IPPE (MENDL2p) and TALYS (TENDL-2012) theoretical reaction codes. Keywords: lead target, cross-section by proton activation, theoretical model codes, thin layer activation (TLA) 1. Introduction this, only a few experimental data sets exist, collected mostly by the experimental groups. In the low energy Production cross-sections of proton induced nuclear region practically only one experimental cross-section reactions on lead are important for many applications is available from the Hannover-Cologne group. In our and for the development of nuclear reaction theory. research and application work in connection with the Lead is an important technological material as pure el- activation cross-sections on lead we were involved in ement as well as alloying agent and it is also widely different projects and applications: used in different nuclear technologies, as well as tar- get material for production of 201Tl medical diagnostic • preparation of nuclear database for production of gamma-emitter for SPECT technology (Lagunas-Solar medical radioisotopes in the frame of an IAEA Co- et al., 1981). -
Effects of Intravenous Injections of Radium Bromide. by R
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PubMed Central EFFECTS OF INTRAVENOUS INJECTIONS OF RADIUM BROMIDE. BY R. BURTON-OPITZ AND GUSTAVE M. MEYER. (From the Laboratories of Physiology and Physiological Chemistry of Colum- bia University, at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York.) PLATE XVI. The present study was undertaken with a view of determining in a general way the effects of intravenous administration of ra- dium upon the circulation and respiration. The problem was sug- gested to us by Dr. William J. Gies, under whose guidance a number of researches, dealing with the more extensive question of the action of radium upon animal and vegetable cells, have re- cently been carried on in the laboratories of Columbia University.1 For the radium used in these experiments we are greatly in- debted to Mr. Hugo Lieber. It was supplied to us in the form of the bromide, in preparations of 240 , iooo, and io,ooo activities. The strength of the solution used was the same in all cases. It contained 45 rag. of the dry substance in 25 c. c. of the solvent; each cubic centimeter of the solution, therefore, contained 1.8 rag. of the radium preparation. The amount of the radium present varies directly with the ra- dio-activity. Preparations of ~,5oo,ooo activity are said to repre- sent pure radium bromide3 Taking this figure as the standard of purity, ~ .8 rag. of the radium preparation of io,ooo activity contained approximately only o.o~ 26 mg., the same quantity of the preparation of ~ooo activity contained o.ooi26 rag. -
Integrated M.Sc. Chemistry (CBCS) SYLLABUS Department of Chemistry Central University of Tamil Nadu Thiruvarur 610
Integrated M.Sc. Chemistry (CBCS) SYLLABUS Department of Chemistry Central University of Tamil Nadu Thiruvarur 610 101 Name of the course : Integrated M. Sc. (Chemistry) Duration : 10 semesters Intake : 30 Eligibility : Plus two examination or equivalent of any recognized board in India with 60% marks (Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science/Biology) for general category, 55% marks for OBC (Non-creamy layer) and 50% marks for SC/ST candidates. The candidates should not have completed 20 years of age as on 01-07-2015. Course Structure The five year program is spread into ten semesters where in first four semesters are designed for broad subject based understanding. Later six semesters will have increased focus on chemistry. The subject courses in the early stage of iM.Sc programme are simplified and of basic level that bolsters the inter-disciplinary way of learning. The third and subsequent year courses have been designed on advanced theories in chemistry with emphasis on concurrent modern laboratory techniques. Further the iM.Sc (Chemistry) programme has been included with experiments that provide exhaustive hands on experience on various sophisticated instruments, experimental techniques to enable the students secure jobs in corporate. The final semester is dedicated to specialization within the subject with research level training. The rules and regulations of Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) are applicable to this program. Generally, a student takes ten semesters to complete the program. The courses offered under CBCS, has certain credit number (2, 3 or 4). Core requirements of the programs are clearly defined. In the first two years of the program, a student has common course load with students from other departments. -
The Ship 2014/2015
A more unusual focus in your magazine this College St Anne’s year: architecture and the engineering skills that make our modern buildings possible. The start of our new building made this an obvious choice, but from there we go on to look at engineering as a career and at the failures and University of Oxford follies of megaprojects around the world. Not that we are without the usual literary content, this year even wider in range and more honoured by awards than ever. And, as always, thanks to the generosity and skills of our contributors, St Anne’s College Record a variety of content and experience that we hope will entertain, inspire – and at times maybe shock you. My thanks to the many people who made this issue possible, in particular Kate Davy, without whose support it could not happen. Hope you enjoy it – and keep the ideas coming; we need 2014 – 2015 them! - Number 104 - The Ship Annual Publication of the St Anne’s Society 2014 – 2015 The Ship St Anne’s College 2014 – 2015 Woodstock Road Oxford OX2 6HS UK The Ship +44 (0) 1865 274800 [email protected] 2014 – 2015 www.st-annes.ox.ac.uk St Anne’s College St Anne’s College Alumnae log-in area Development Office Contacts: Lost alumnae Register for the log-in area of our website Over the years the College has lost touch (available at https://www.alumniweb.ox.ac. Jules Foster with some of our alumnae. We would very uk/st-annes) to connect with other alumnae, Director of Development much like to re-establish contact, and receive our latest news and updates, and +44 (0)1865 284536 invite them back to our events and send send in your latest news and updates. -
Mev for Ne, 166 Mev for 0, and 2 -125 Mev for 12C
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title ON-LINE SPECTROSCOPY OF NEUTRON-DEFICIENT ACTINIUM ISOTOPES Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8nb5n8f3 Authors Treytl, William J. Hyde, Earl K. Valli, Kalevi. Publication Date 1967-05-01 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UCRL-17405 ~f*J- University of California Ernest O. Lawrence Radiation Laboratory ON -LINE a SPECTROSCOPY OF NEUTRON -DEFICIENT ACTINIUM ISOTOPES William J. Treytl, Earl K. Hyde, and Kalevi Valli May 1967 REC lVED U\WP..rNU c::. Ri~D!~'!'nN ll':BC:tA'f()RY ~ ~,- TWO-WEEK LOAN COpy ~ ,-I This is a library Circul atin9 Copy tI ~ which may be borrowed for two weeks. ,.c::. For a personal retention copy, call l-f' 0 Tech. 'nfo. Dioision, Ext. 5545 \Il DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor the Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by its trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or the Regents of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof or the Regents of the University of California.