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Project Physics Text 6, the Nucleus. INSTITUTION Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass

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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 071 910 SE 015 547 TITLE Project Physics Text 6, The Nucleus. INSTITUTION Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. Harvard Protect Physics. SPONS AGENCY Office of Education (DHEW), Washington, D.C. Bureau of Research. BUREAU NO BR-5-1038 .PUB DATE 68 CONTRACT OEC-5-1C-058 NOTE 128p.; Authorized Interim Version EDRS PRICE brio-$0.65 HC -$6.58 DESCRIPTORS Instructional Materials; *Nuclear Physics; Physics; *Radiation; Radiation Effects; Radioisotopes; *Scientific Concepts; Secondary Grades; *Secondary School Science; *Textbooks IDENTIFIERS Harvard Project Physics ABSTRACT Nuclear physics fundamentals are presented in this sixth unit of the Project Physics text for use by senior high students. Included are discussions of radioactivity, taking into account Bacquerells discovery, radioactive elements, properties of radiations, radioactive transformations, decay series, and half-lives. Isotopes are analyzed in connection with positiverays, mass spectrographs, notations for nuclides and nuclear reactions, relative abundances, and atomic masses. Nuclear structures and reactions are studied by using proton-electron and proton-neutron hypotheses with a background of discoveries of neutrons, neutrinosas well as artificial transmutation and artificially induced radioactivity. Information about binding energy,mass-energy balance, nuclear fission and fusion, stellar nuclear reactions, nuclear force and model, and biological and medical application of radioisotopes is, given to conclude the whole text. Historical developmentsare stressed in the overall explanation. Problems with theiranswers are provided in two categories: study guide and end of section questions. Besides illustrations for explanation use, charts of elementary particles and physical constants with conversion factorsare also included in this text unit as appendices. The work of Harvard Project Physics has been financially supported by: the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Ford Foundation, the National Science Foundation, the Alfred P..Sloan Foundation, the United.States Office of Education, and Harvard UnivE!rsity. (CC) U S DEPARTMENTOF HEALTH EDUCATION & WELFARE 4FFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HASBEEN REPRO DUCEO EXACTLY ASRECEIVED FROM ORIG THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION INATING II POINTS OFVIFV% OR OPIN IONS STATED DO NOTNECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICEOf EDU CATION POSITION ORPOLICY An Introduction to Physics The Nucleus a Project Physics Text An Introduction to Physics6The Nucleus Authorized Interim Version 1968-69 Distributed by Holt. Rinehart and Winston, Inc.New York Toronto The Project Physics course was developed througi. the Directors of Harvard Project Physics contributions of many people; the following is a pa. tial list Gerald Holton, Dept of Physti s, Harvard University of those contributors. (The affi:ia dons indicatedarc those F Jam( Rutherford, Capuchino High Si hoot, San Bruno, Calif just prior to or during association with the Project.) Flet. her G Watson, Harvard Graduate School of Education Advisory Committee E G Begle, Stanford University, Calif. Paul F. Brandivem, Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc, San irancisco, Calif Robert Brode, University of California, Berkeley Erwin Hiebert, University of Wisconsin, Madison Harry Kelly, North Carolina State College, Raleigh William C. Kelly, National Research Council, Washington, D C Philippe LeCorbeiller, New School for Social Research, New York, N Y Thomas Miner, Garden City High School, New YorK, N.Y Philip Morrison, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge Ernest Nagel, Columbia University, New York, N Y Leonard K Nash, Harvard University 11 Rabi, Columbia University, New York, N Y. Staff and Consultants Andrew Ahlgren, Maine Township High School, Park Ridge, Ill. L K Akers, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Tenn. Roger A Albrecht, Osage Community Schools, Iowa David Anderson, Oberlin College, Ohio Gary Anderson, Harvard University 90123 69 9876543 Donald Armstrong, American Science Film Association, Washington, D C. Sam Ascher, Henry Ford High School, Detroit, Mich Ralph Atherton, Talawanda High School, Oxford, Ohio 03-073460-6 Albert V. Baez, UNESCO, Paris William G Banick, Fulton High School, Atlanta, Ga. Arthur Berke, Nova High School, Fort Lauderdale, Fla. Copyright ©1968, Project Physics Incorporated. Rolland B Bartholomew, Henry M. Gunn High School, Palo Alto, Calif 0 Theodor Benfey, Eariham College, Richmond, Ind Copyright is claimed until June 1, 1969. After lune1, 1969 Richard Berendzen, Harvard College Observatory all portions of this work not identified hereina . the subject Alfred M. Bork, Reed College, Portland, Ore of previous copyright shall be in the publicuomain. The Alfred Brenner, Harvard University authorized interim version of the Harvard ProjectPhysics Robert Bridgham, Harvard University course is being distributed at cost by Holt, Rinehart and Richard Brinckerhoff, Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, N.H Winston, Inc. by arrangement with Project Physics Incorpo- Donald 3rittain, Nalonal Film Board of Canada, Montreal rated, a non-profit educational organization. Joan Bromberg, Harvard University Vinson Bronson,' Jewton South High School, Newton Centre, Mass. All persons making use ofany part of these materials are Stephen G Brush, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, University of requested to acknowledge the source and the financialsup- California, Livermore port given to Project Physics by the agencies named below, Michael Butler, CASA Films Mundiales, S A, Mexico and to include a statement that the publication of suchmate- Leon Callihan, St Mark's School of Texas, Dallas rial is not necessarily endorsed by Harvard Project Physics Douglas Campbell, Harvard University or any of the authors of this work. Dean R Casperson, Harvard University The work of Harvard Project Physics has been financially Bobby Chambers, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Tenn Robert Chesley, Thacher School, Ojai, Calif. supported by the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the John Christensen, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Tenn. Ford Foundation, the National Science Foundation, the Al- Dora Clark, W. G. Enloe High School, Raleigh, N.0 f red P. Sloan Foundation, the United States Office ofEdu- David Clarke, Browne and Nichols School, Cambridge, Mass. cation, and Harvard University. Robert S. Cohen, Boston University, Mass. Brother ColumLan Francis, F S C , Mater Christi Diocesan High Glen Mervyn, West Vancouver Secondary School, B C, Canada School, Long Island City, N Y Franklin Miller, Jr , Kenyon College, Gambier. Ohio Arthur Compton, Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, N H. Jack C Miller, Pomona College, Claremont, Calif David L Cone, Los Altos High School, Calif Kent D. Miller, Claremont High School, Calif William Cooley, University of Pittsburgh, Pa James A Minstrel!, Mercer Island High Schocl, Washington Ann Couch, Harvard University James F Moore, Canton Hi-h School, Mass Paul Cowan, Hardin-Simmons University, Abilene, Tex Robert H Mosteller, Pn Iceton High School, Cincinnati, Ohio Charles Davis, Fairfax County School Board, Fairfax, Va William Matson, Jamaica High School, N Y Michael Dentamaro, Senn High School, Chicago, Ill. Henry Nelson, Berkeley High School, Calif Raymond Dittman, Newton High School, Mass. Joseph D. Novak, Purdue University, L arayette, Ind Elsa Dorfman, Educational Services Inc, Watertown, Mass Thonr Olafsson, Menntaskohnn Ad, Laugarvatni, Iceland Vadim Drozin, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pa Jay Orear, Cornell Un wersilty, ltha.a, N.Y Neil F Dunn, Burlington High School, Mass Paul O'Toole, Dorchester High School, Mass. R T I:Hickson, University of Oregon, Eugene Costas Papaliolios, Harvard University Thomas Embry, Nova High School, Fort Lauderdale, Fla Jacques Parent, National Film Board of Canada, Montreal Walter Eppenstein, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y. Eugene A. Platten, San Diego High School, Calif. Herman Epstein, Brandeis University, Waltham, Mass L. Eugene Poorman, University High School, Bloomington, Ind. Thomas F. B Ferguson, National Film Board of Canada, Montreal Gloria Poulos, Harvard University Thomas von Foerster, Harvard University Herbert Priestley, Knox College, Galesburg, HI. Kenneth Ford, University of California, Irvine Edward M Purcell, Harvard University Robert Gardner, Harvard University Gerald M. Rees, Ann Arbor High School, Mich. Fred Geis, Jr., Harvard University James M. Reid, J %V. Sexton High School, Lansing, Mich. Nicholas J Georges, Staples High School, Westport, Conn Robert Resnick, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N Y. H Richard Gerfin, Simon's Rock, Great Barrington, Mass Paul I. Richards, Technical Operations, Inc., Burlington, Mass Owen Gmgench, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, John Rigden, Eastern Nazarene College, Quincy, Mass. Cambridge, Mass Thomas J. Ritzinger, Rice Lake High School, Wisc. Stanley Goldberg, Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio Nickerson Rogers, The Loomis School, Windsor, Conn Leon Gouteveruer, Paul D. Schreiber High School, Sidney Rosen, University of Illinois, Urbana Port Washington, N.Y John J. Rosenbaum, Livermore High School, Calif. Aibert Gregory, Harvard University William Rosenfeld, Smith College, Northampton, Mass. Julie A. Goetze, Weeks Jr High School, Newton, Mass Arthur Rothman, State University of New York, Buffalo Robert D Haas, Clairemont High School, San Diego, Calif Daniel Rufolo, Clairemont High School, San Diego, Calif. Walter G. Hagenbuch, Plymouth-Whitemarsh Senior High School, Bernhard A. Sachs, Brooklyn Technical High School, N.Y. Plymouth Meeting,
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